Patent Application
20220011594
The described embodiments relate generally to ophthalmic devices, and more particularly, to systems and techniques for modifying optical properties of a lens using metasurface features.
Ophthalmic devices can be used to provide vision correction to a user, treat various diseases, and so on. In many traditional applications, the geometry of the device itself is used to induce a desired optical characteristic of a lens body associated with the treatment, such as via refraction. Many traditional systems suffer from significant drawbacks as the physical properties and dimensions of the device can be limited by the desired optical characteristic. This can create unduly bulky ophthalmic devices that can decrease user compliance and adaptability to certain surgical techniques and/or other use cases. Metalenses for ophthalmic devices are described in “Metalens ophthalmic devices: the new world of optics is flat,” by B. MacInnis, Canadian Journal of Ophthalmology 53, 91-93 (2018); “A broadband achromatic metalens array for integral imaging in the visible,” by Z.-B. Fan et al., Light: Science & Applications 8, 1-10 (2019); “All-glass, large metalens at visible wavelength using deep-ultraviolet projection lithography,” by J.-S. Park et al., Nano letters 19, 8673-8682 (2019); and “A broadband achromatic metalens in the visible,” by S. Wang et al., Nature nanotechnology 13, 227-232 (2018); the entirety of the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. Additionally, immerse and peel processes for metasurface transfer are described in “Metasurface-based contact lenses for color vision deficiency” by S. Karepov and T. Ellenbogen, Optics Letters 45, 1379-1382 (2020), the entirety of the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. Furthermore, electron-beam lithography on a curved surface is described in “Micromachining Technology for Micro-Optics and Nano-Optics III,” by D. W. Wilson, R. E. Muller, P. M. Echternach, and J. P. Backlund, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2005, vol. 5720, pp. 68-77, the entirety of the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. The need continues for systems and techniques to facilitate ophthalmic devices being geometrically unconstrained by a desired optical characteristic.
Embodiments of the present invention are directed to ophthalmic devices or lenses and methods of manufacturing thereof. The ophthalmic lenses can have a metasurface array that defines one or more metasurface features with a lens body. The metasurface features can operate to modify an optical property of the lens, including modifying a focal point, an aberration characteristic, a glare/halo characteristic, and/or other properties, which can be associated with vision correction. The metasurface array can also operate to define focal distances relative to respective meridians of the lens, such as having a first focal distance associated with a first meridian and a second focal distance associated with a second meridian, as contemplated herein. The metasurface features can be used to modify the optical property of the lens without relying on techniques dependent on the geometry of the lens body itself to produce an optical effect. In this manner, the ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure can have a desired optical effect without necessarily relying on the geometry of the lens body, thus enhancing design versatility and expanding manufacturing possibilities, including the standardization of lens substrate designs.
To facilitate the foregoing, the metasurface features can be defined by a metasurface array associated with a lens body. Broadly, the metasurface array can be configured to shift a phase of incident light, this can be accomplished using resonance-based effects, including electrical and magnetic-type resonance effects. In other cases, the metasurface array can employ the Pancharatnam-Berry phase to facilitate light modification. In other cases, other techniques can be used to shift a phase of incident light. To facilitate the foregoing, the metasurface array can have an arrangement of metasurface building elements. The arrangement of metasurface building elements can be specifically tuned to interact with light traversing the associated lens body to induce a desired optical effect in the ophthalmic device. For example, the metasurface building elements can be dimensioned of, or smaller than, an optical wavelength, such as a cycle wavelength of light. The metasurface building elements can also be physically arranged in a variety of configurations, including having metasurface building elements of different sizes, groupings, orientations, densities, and so forth. As such, optical wavelengths traversing the associated lens body exhibit characteristics influenced by the metasurface and the specific arrangement of the elements on the lens body. This arrangement can be tuned to induce a desired optical characteristic, as outlined herein, including inducing a desired vision correction.
While many examples are disclosed herein, in one embodiment, an ophthalmic lens is disclosed. The ophthalmic lens includes a lens body. The ophthalmic lens further includes a metasurface array on the lens body having an arrangement of metasurface building elements dimensioned from an optical wavelength and configured across the lens body to define a reduced glare characteristic of the ophthalmic lens. The reduced glare characteristic is maintained after physically manipulating the ophthalmic lens for use with the eye.
Additionally or alternatively, other optical properties of the ophthalmic lens can be modified using the arrangement of metasurface building elements described herein. For example, in one embodiment, the arrangement of metasurface building elements are configured across the lens body for halo reduction of the ophthalmic lens. Further, the arrangement of metasurface building elements can be configured across the lens body for contrast enhancement of the ophthalmic lens. The contrast enhancement can be measured based on a variety of tests, including the Cambridge low-contrast grating test, the CSV-1000 test, the Pelli-Robson test, and/or the Mars letters test, among others. Although specific values of the contrast may vary based on population, the ophthalmic devices of the present disclosure may enhance the contrast value, using one or more these scales, by as much as 5%, by as much as 10%, by as much as 15%, or greater.
Aberration characteristics can also be modified and corrected. For example, in another embodiment, the arrangement of metasurface building elements are configured across the lens body to reduce an aberration characteristic of the lens body. The aberration characteristic can include one or both of a chromatic aberration or a monochromatic aberration. Visual enhancement is also contemplated herein using the metasurface building elements.
In some cases, the lens body can be a wide-angle contact lens body. The metasurface building elements can include dimensions less than a wavelength of light traversing the lens body. The dimensions of the metasurface building elements can include a height dimension of the metasurface building elements.
In another embodiment, the metasurface building elements can include a collection of nano-posts. The collection of nano-posts can include nano-posts of dissimilar shapes. Further, the collection of nano-posts can include nano-posts of dissimilar orientations. In some cases, the collection of nano-posts can define a first density of metasurface building elements on a first portion of the lens body, and a second density of metasurface building elements on a second portion of the lens body that is different than the first density. The first and second densities can be arranged to possess or exhibit different optical properties.
In another embodiment, the optical property can include one or more focal points of the lens body. In this regard, the metasurface array can operate to induce optical properties associated with the bifocal, progressive multifocal and trifocal for vision correction.
In another embodiments, the optical property can include an astigmatism correcting property. In this regard, the metasurface array can operate to define or modify focal distances relative to respective meridians of the lens, such as having a first focal distance associated with a first meridian and a second focal distance associated with a second meridian.
In another embodiments, modifying the focal point can include modifying a decentralized focal point. In this regard, the metasurface array can operate to define the focal point as being decentralized relative a central axis of the lens. Additionally or alternatively, this can involve defining or modifying one or more focal points that focused at peripheral location disposed at a distance from fovea. In some cases, the modified focal point is configured to control myopia progression.
In another embodiments, metasurface features can combine with refraction and/or diffraction based optical zone. For example, the lens can include a central optic zone having metasurface structures, a peripheral optic zone surrounding central optic zone comprised by refraction and/or diffraction based optical property zone.
In another embodiment, the lens body can be associable with the eye. In this regard, the arrangement of metasurface building elements can be configured to provide vision correction for the eye. The physical manipulation can include rolling the ophthalmic lens for insertion into an incision of between about 1 mm and 2 mm. As explained herein, in other cases the incision can be less than 1 mm or greater than 2 mm, and the ophthalmic lens can be configured for insertion therethrough accordingly. The arrangement of metasurface building elements can be maintained after physically manipulating the lens body for use with an eye. The arrangement of metasurface building elements can also be maintained after folding the lens body for introduction to a region of the eye during surgery.
In another embodiment, the ophthalmic lens can be an intraocular lens (IOL). In some cases, the lens body can be substantially flat. The lens body can be a portion with a thickness of about 0.25 mm; in some cases, the thickness can be more or less than 0.25 mm, as required for a given application. The thickness of the lens body and lens more generally can vary along one or more dimensions of the lens. In this regard, to the extent that the lens body has a portion with a thickness of about 0.25 mm, this is not necessarily a uniform thickness. For example, an optical zone can have a thickness different from a thickness of the peripheral zone of the lens.
In another embodiment, the ophthalmic lens can be a contact lens. The contact lens can include one of a rigid gas permeable ocular lens or a scleral lens. In some cases, the contact lens can be a hybrid lens, including embodiments with a substantially soft periphery. Additionally or alternatively, the lens can include a hydrogel component, as may be appropriate for certain applications. In some cases, the contact lens can be a molded lens. Moreover, any of the ophthalmic lenses described herein can at least partially be formed from a titanium dioxide material. It will be appreciated that in other cases, other materials can be used and are contemplated herein.
In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing a foldable ophthalmic lens is disclosed. The method includes forming a metasurface array by establishing metasurface building elements in a matrix. The method further includes forming a lens body having a profile shaped to match a geometry of an eye. The method further includes associating the metasurface array with the lens body to form the foldable ophthalmic lens. The foldable ophthalmic lens is foldable or rollable for introduction through an incision and into a region of the eye during surgery. The metasurface is adapted to establish at least one of a low aberration characteristic, a low glare characteristic, or an enhanced contrast characteristic of the foldable ophthalmic lens in an installed configuration with the eye.
The foldable ophthalmic lens having the formed metasurface is adapted for insertion into and through a substantially small region of the eye for surgical association with the eye. In some cases, the foldable lens is adapted for insertion into and through an incision having of size of 2.0 mm or less, 1.5 mm or less, or a smaller incision.
The foldable ophthalmic lens is insertable through the incision and configured to modify an optical characteristic of the eye notwithstanding the folding, rolling or other physical manipulation of the lens as the lens is advanced through the incisions. The lens body can also be adapted to facilitate the physical manipulation of the lens, including having such characteristics as being substantially flat prior to being folded or rolled for the introduction through the incision. In this regard and in some cases, the foldable ophthalmic lens can be an intraocular device having a diameter of less than about 6 mm and a thickness of less than about 0.25 mm, which may facilitate the introduction through the incision.
In another embodiment, the operation of associating includes coupling the metasurface array with a non-solid substrate. The non-solid substrate can include a precursor form of the lens body.
In another embodiment, the operation of associating the metasurface array and the lens body can be performed using a molding apparatus. The molding apparatus can include a first mold portion configured to receive the metasurface array. The molding apparatus can further include a second mold portion configured to press a lens material against the metasurface array. The lens material can include a liquid lens material defining a precursor form of the lens body. In this regard, the operation of forming the lens body can further include distributing the liquid lens material along the metasurface array by combining the first and second mold portions. In some cases, the operation of forming the lens body can further include curing the liquid lens material to form the lens body.
In another embodiment, the matrix can include a sacrificial matrix configured to be at least partially removed subsequent to the operation of associating. The operation of forming the metasurface array can include patterning a titanium dioxide layer to form nano-posts defining the metasurface building elements. The nano-posts can have a dimension of, or less than, an optical wavelength. In some cases, the operation of patterning comprises defining an arrangement of nano-posts tuned to the profile of the lens body. The operation of forming the metasurface array can further include one or both of lithography and dry etching. The operation of forming the metasurface array can further include associating the nano-posts with a matrix material forming the matrix. The matrix material can include polydimethylsiloxane, among other possible materials.
In another embodiment, the operation of forming the metasurface array includes forming a peelable sheet configured to adhere to an outer surface of the lens body during the operation of associating the metasurface array with the lens body.
In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing standardized ophthalmic lenses is disclosed. The method includes providing a group of standardized lens bodies. The method further includes producing a first ophthalmic lens by associating a first metasurface array with a first lens body of the group of standardized lens bodies. The method further includes producing a second ophthalmic lens by associating a second metasurface array with a second lens body of the group of standardized lens bodies. The first and second metasurface arrays have different arrangements of metasurface building elements, thereby inducing differential optical properties for the standardized bodies of the first and second ophthalmic lenses.
In another embodiment, the standardized lens bodies can have a portion with a thickness of about 0.25 mm or less. In some cases, the standardized lens bodies can be substantially flat.
In another embodiment, the standardized lens bodies can include a haptic feature for an intraocular lens. In other cases, the first and second ophthalmic devices are contact lenses, comprising a rigid gas permeable ocular lens or a scleral lens.
In another embodiment, the first ophthalmic lens can have a first focal point and the second ophthalmic lens can have a second focal point that is different from the first focal point. The metasurface of both the first and second ophthalmic lenses can have a dimension that is of, or less than, an optical wavelength.
In another embodiment, the operation of producing the first or the second ophthalmic lenses can further include associating a respective one of the first or second metasurface arrays with a non-solid substrate comprising a precursor form of any of the standardized lens bodies.
In another embodiment, the operation of associating the first or the second metasurface arrays with a respective one of the first or the second lens bodies can further include distributing the non-solid substrate using a molding process. The non-solid substrate can be curable to form the respective one of the first or the second ophthalmic lenses.
It will be appreciated that the differential optical properties can be one or more of the optical properties described herein. For example, the differential optical properties of the standardized lens bodies can include a reduced glare characteristic of the ophthalmic lenses, halo reduction, contrast enhancement, and/or aberration correction can also be tuned and customized for individual lens bodies of the group of standardized lens bodies, as described herein.
For example, in another embodiment, an ophthalmic intraocular lens (IOL) is disclosed. The IOL includes a hybrid plano-convex refractive lens body having a convex portion and a planar portion. The lens further includes a metasurface array associated with the planar portion. The metasurface array includes an arrangement of metasurface building elements dimensioned from an optical wavelength. The metasurface building elements are configured across the lens body to define an optical characteristic of the intraocular lens.
In another example, the planar portion can define a substantially planar surface of the hybrid plano-convex refractive lens body. The metasurface array can be arranged on the substantially planar surface. Further, the convex portion can define a convex surface arranged opposite the substantially planar surface. The convex portion can be configured to define a refractive characteristic of the intraocular lens.
In another embodiment, the arrangement of metasurface building elements can include meta-atoms with a spatially varying Jones' matrix. The arrangement of metasurface building elements can include meta-atoms that can be configured to induce a polarization-dependent focusing of light received by the lens. For example, the polarization-dependent focusing of light can be configured to reduce a glare/halo characteristic of the ophthalmic lens. In some examples, the polarization-dependent focusing of light can be configured to define the ophthalmic lens as a multifocal lens with at least a first focal point and a second focal point based on a polarization state of the received light. The meta-atoms can be configured to reduce an interference between the first focal point and the second focal point in response to an orthogonality of the polarization states.
In another example, the planar portion can be formed from a titanium dioxide material. The titanium dioxide material can define a material platform or matrix material for holding meta-atoms of the arrangement of metasurface building elements. In some examples, the metasurface building elements further include a collection of nano-posts that include a low optical loss dielectric material with high index of refraction in the visible spectrum.
In another embodiment, the arrangement of metasurface building elements can include meta-atoms having a simple geometric or canonical shape, or a more complex freeform shape, based on a desired optical property of the ophthalmic lens.
In another embodiment, a method of forming a metasurface array is disclosed. The method includes determining a function of a metasurface array for an ophthalmic lens. The method further includes determining a geometric shape of meta-atoms of the metasurface array based on the function, wherein the geometric shape includes canonical shapes or freeform shapes. Additionally, the method includes forming a meta-atom library including meta-atoms having the geometric shape.
In another embodiment, the meta-atoms of the meta-atom library can define a meta-atom design. The method can include optimizing the meta-atom design based on the function and at least one constraint. The method can further include validating the optimized meta-atom design using a simulation tool and determining a validation metric of the optimized meta-atom design relative to the function of the metasurface array. In some examples, the method can further include comparing the validation metric to a threshold value, and repeating the optimizing of the meta-atom design where the validation metric is less than the threshold value.
In another embodiment, the geometric shape can be a canonical shape including isotropic nanostructures.
In another embodiment, the geometric shape can be a canonical shape including anisotropic nanostructures.
In another embodiment, the geometric shape can be a freeform shape.
In another embodiment, the function can include a reduced glare/halo characteristic of the ophthalmic lens. For example, the meta-atoms of the meta-atom library can cooperate to define a meta-atom design configured to induce a polarization-dependent focusing of light received by the ophthalmic lens.
In another embodiment, a method of manufacturing an ophthalmic lens is disclosed. The method includes forming a meta-atom library according to any of the techniques disclosed herein. The method further includes forming a metasurface array by establishing metasurface building elements. The metasurface building elements include meta-atoms of the meta-atom library in a matrix.
In another embodiment, the matrix is held with a titanium dioxide material platform.
In another embodiment, the method further includes associating the metasurface array with a lens body. In some examples, the lens body can include a hybrid plano-convex refractive lens body having a convex portion and a planar portion. In this regard, the method can further include associating the titanium dioxide material platform having the meta-atoms with the planar portion.
In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above, further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by reference to the drawings and by study of the following description.
The disclosure will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
The use of cross-hatching or shading in the accompanying figures is generally provided to clarify the boundaries between adjacent elements and to facilitate legibility of the figures. Accordingly, neither the presence nor the absence of cross-hatching or shading conveys or indicates any preference or requirement for particular materials, material properties, element proportions, element dimensions, commonalities of similarly illustrated elements, or any other characteristic, attribute, or property for any element illustrated in the accompanying figures.
Additionally, it should be understood that the proportions and dimensions (either relative or absolute) of the various features and elements (collections and groupings thereof) and the boundaries, separations, and positional relationships presented therebetween, are provided in the accompanying figures merely to facilitate an understanding of the various embodiments described herein and, accordingly, may not necessarily be presented or illustrated to scale, and are not intended to indicate any preference or requirement for an illustrated embodiment to the exclusion of embodiments described with reference thereto.
The description that follows includes sample systems, methods, and apparatuses that embody various elements of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the described disclosure may be practiced in a variety of forms in addition to those described herein.
The present disclosure describes systems, devices, and techniques related to ophthalmic lenses (also referred to herein as “ophthalmic devices” or variations thereof). The ophthalmic lenses can have a metasurface array that defines, includes, or is otherwise associated with metasurface features of the ophthalmic lens. The metasurface features can be specifically tuned to modify an optical characteristic of the lens, without necessarily relying on the geometry of the lens to produce the desired optical effect. For example, the metasurface features can be configured across a body of the lens to reduce a glare characteristic of the lens, including contributing to halo reduction and/or contrast enhancement, among other optical characteristics described herein. The embodiments of the present disclosure thus go beyond traditional techniques for providing vision correction or other therapeutic purposes, for example, by changing the optical property of the lens using the metasurface features. Traditional techniques can limit lens design to overly bulky structures or to designs that limit the adaptability of the lens. This can lead to larger incisions and discomfort, as may be the case with intraocular lenses, as one example. These traditional techniques can also limit light, and thus reduce sensitivity of the lens, among other concerns.
The ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure can mitigate such hindrances, thereby allowing for lenses that can be designed free from at least some geometric limitations. This can expand the ability to correct and modify optical properties across a greater range of lens geometries, including expanding beyond previous techniques in order to reduce glare and correct other optical characteristics across a wider variety of lens sizes. To illustrate, the ophthalmic lenses can provide a metasurface array on a lens body. The metasurface array operates to modify an optical characteristic of the lens body, lens, or device more generally, and can be adaptable for the geometry of the lens, whether the lens is standardized or customized for certain therapeutic purposes. For example, the metasurface array can be configured to modify characteristics of light propagating through the lens body. This can include using a metasurface array to produce electric resonance effects, magnetic resonance effects and/or other appropriate effects in order to induce various changes in one or more optical properties associated with the lens. For example, in some instances, the metasurface array can employ the Pancharatnam-Berry phase for the modification of light described herein. In other examples, other techniques can be used to shift a phase of incident light, as contemplated herein. This can be facilitated by dimensioning the metasurface building elements of, or less than, an optical wavelength, such as being 400 nm or smaller, among other possible dimensions. The metasurface building elements can also be arranged in a predetermined configuration within the metasurface array and/or on the lens body to produce a desired optical effect, including having certain shapes, sizes, orientations, groupings, densities, patterns and so on. By way of example, the shape, size, orientation, group, density and/or pattern of features of the metasurface array can be tuned to reduce a glare characteristic of the lens, among other optical effects.
The metasurface array can be configured to provide a polarization-dependent functionality to the associated ophthalmic lens. For example, the metasurface array can include an arrangement of metasurface building elements having meta-atoms. The meta-atoms can be configured to induce a polarization-dependent focusing of light received by the ophthalmic lens. The polarization-dependent focusing of light can be configured to reduce glare/halo characteristics of the ophthalmic lens. As one example, the polarization-dependent focusing of light can be used to define the ophthalmic lens as a multifocal lens with at least a first and second focal point. The polarization-dependent focusing of light can reduce an interference between the first and second focal points and/or other focal points, thereby reducing the halo/glare characteristics of the lens.
In one implementation, the metasurface array can be arranged with a hybrid plano-convex refractive lens body having a convex portion and a planar portion. The metasurface array can be associated with the planar portion of the lens. This can allow the meta-atoms of the array to be initially formed separately from the convex lens, such as with or as a part of a titanium dioxide matrix or other material, and subsequently transferred to the planar portion. The meta-atoms in the matrix can have a meta-atom design, such as a design that is optimized based on a halo/glare reduction characteristic of the lens. Associating the meta-atoms with the planar portion can help maintain the meta-atoms in the meta-atom design configuration during manufacture.
The meta-atoms of the present disclosure can include a variety of geometric shapes. The geometric shapes can be chosen at least in part on the function of the ophthalmic lens. For example, the geometric shapes can be chosen and optimized based on a function of the ophthalmic lens to reduce a glare/halo characteristic of the lens. In one example, canonical shapes can be used, which may be determined using a forward design method, as described herein. Canonical shapes can include isotropic nanostructures, such as cylindrical and square posts, among other examples. Canonical shapes can further include anisotropic nanostructures, such as rectangular nanofins. Further, freeform shapes can also be implemented, including arbitrary shapes that are adapted to a specific function of the lens. The freeform shapes can be determined using an inverse design method. The freeform shapes can have curved contours and can be engineered to have symmetry, such as enforcing a 2-fold symmetry or a 4-fold symmetry.
In one embodiment, the metasurface building elements can be defined by nano-posts. The nano-posts can be formed using titanium dioxide as the material platform. It will be appreciated that other materials can be used, including Si3N4, SiO2, and GaN. The nano-posts can be arranged in a matrix material that defines a substrate. The substrate can help hold or position the nano-posts in a desired orientation. The substrate can also facilitate depositing the nano-posts on a target surface (e.g., a lens body) in the desired orientation. As explained herein, this can allow the metasurface array to be used with a wide variety of lens surfaces and configurations, including substantially rotationally symmetric lenses, rotationally asymmetric lenses, and variations thereof. Such adaptability can also allow the metasurface array to be used with different lens types, including intraocular lenses and contact lenses, such as rigid gas permeable lenses and/or scleral lenses, as a few examples. It will be appreciated, however, the example lenses are described for purposes of illustration, and that the ophthalmic lenses described herein can be used in a wide variety of contexts. For example, in additional embodiments, the ophthalmic lenses can be a hybrid lens, including a lens having a soft periphery. Additionally or alternatively, the lenses can include a hydrogel component. As further examples, the ophthalmic lens can have applications in various intra corneal lens, corneal inlay, corneal on-lay, and implantable contact lens contexts, as contemplated herein. In other cases, other applications are possible.
The ophthalmic lens of the present disclosure can be subject to physical manipulation during use and installation. The metasurface array described herein allows the target optical characteristics to be maintained after such physical manipulation. The ophthalmic lens thus exhibits a durability consistent with the target use of the lens, with the metasurface features being sufficiently robust to withstand the target use. For example, the ophthalmic lens can be a foldable lens that can be folded, rolled, or otherwise physically handled, such as may be accomplished during association with an eye during surgery. The metasurface array can withstand this physical handling continues to appropriately modify the target optical characteristics after the handling ceases.
With this durability, the ophthalmic device can be adaptable to a wide variety of intraocular lens contexts. Intraocular lenses can be surgically associated with a user's eye for permanent or semi-permanent use. This often involves creating an incision in the eye and inserting a folded intraocular lens through the incision for introduction to the installation location in the eye. In this regard, the ophthalmic lens described herein can be folded for insertion through such an incision. And when unfolded and associated with the installation location of the eye, the ophthalmic lens can maintain or otherwise exhibit the desired optical effect induced by the metasurface feature.
The ophthalmic devices of the present disclosure can also be tailored for use as intraocular lenses because the metasurface array facilitates manufacturing a lens body that is substantially free from geometric considerations. The lens body can also be constructed in order to be folded or rolled in a manner to fit through an incision that is substantially smaller than traditional approaches, thus reducing the risk of complications. For example, the device can be folded or rolled to fit an incision of between about 1 mm and 2 mm, including in some cases being able to fit through incisions of less than 1 mm. For example, the lens body of the present disclosure, as a non-limiting example, could be substantially flat and have a 0.25 mm thickness. It will be appreciated that the thickness of the lens body and lens more generally can vary along one or more dimension of the lens. In this regard, to the extent that the lens body has a portion with a thickness of about 0.25 mm, this is not necessarily a uniform thickness. For example, an optical zone can have a thickness different from a peripheral zone of the lens. The thickness of the lens can facilitate folding the lens. In some cases, the diameter of the lens can also facilitate folding the lens for introduction into the incision, such as can be the case where the lens exhibits a 6 mm diameter. In contrast, traditional intraocular lenses can require larger incisions for installation. In addition, large incision sites can increase the risk of complications during surgery, such as infection.
To facilitate the foregoing ophthalmic lens designs and functions, a variety of manufacturing techniques are disclosed herein. Broadly, the manufacturing techniques can allow for a standardized substrate that defines or forms a portion of a lens body. This can substantially reduce manufacturing cost and facilitate the incorporation of an expansive variety of lens parameters in the device. For example, because the optical characteristic, such as characteristics associated with vision correction, are tuned via the metasurface array, the geometry of the lens shape can be substantially standardized across a spectrum of ophthalmic devices having different optical characteristics. Conversely, a range of different lens geometries can have similar optical characteristics by tuning the metasurface array accordingly.
In one embodiment, the ophthalmic lens of the present disclosure can be produced using a molding process. For example, a first mold portion of a molding apparatus can be configured to receive the metasurface array. As described herein, this array can include an arrangement of metasurface building elements, such as titanium dioxide nano-posts, arranged in a predetermined configuration. A lens material, such as a liquid lens material, can be substantially applied to the metasurface array within the molding apparatus, coupling the metasurface array with a non-solid substrate. A second mold portion of the molding apparatus can be used to form a lens shape from the liquid lens material and the metasurface array. For example, the second mold portion can advance toward the first mold portion to distribute the liquid lens material over the metasurface array, conforming each into a mold shape substantially defined by the first and second mold portions. A curing process can be used to form the final lens body associated with the metasurface array.
In this regard, the molding process can be tuned to produce a standardized lens body geometry that is substantially defined by the molding apparatus. But while the geometry is standardized, the optical properties for each manufactured lens can be different, for example, based on the arrangement of the metasurface array. Without reconfiguring machine tooling and other parameters traditionally associated with manufacturing different lens geometries, manufacturing costs can be reduced. The process can also be adapted to ultra-fine adjustments of the optical parameters using the metasurface array with the geometry of the lens body being relatively constant.
It will be appreciated that other manufacturing methods are possible, and are contemplated herein, including methods which are used to produce lens bodies of different sizes and geometries. For example, the foregoing molding process can implement molds of different sizes and configurations, as may be desired for different ophthalmic lens types, such as intraocular lenses, contact lenses, and so on, including adjusting the mold or mold set-up for treating different conditions, including for treating eyes with asymmetrical contours. Other manufacturing techniques can use a lathe process to form some or all of the lens body, which is subsequently associated with a metasurface array. For example, the metasurface array can be manufactured separately from the lens body and form a peelable sheet or other structure that is subsequently associated with the lens body. In other cases, the metasurface array can be formed more directly on a surface of a lens body, for example, through a dry etching or lithography process. In other cases, other techniques are possible and described herein.
Reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, which assist in illustrating various features of the present disclosure. The following description is presented for purposes of illustration and description. Furthermore, the description is not intended to limit the inventive aspects to the forms disclosed herein. Consequently, variations and modifications commensurate with the following teachings, and skill and knowledge of the relevant art, are within the scope of the present inventive aspects.
The ophthalmic lens 100 of
The embodiments described herein allow optical properties of a lens to be modified without necessarily relying or tuning the geometric properties of the underlying lens structure. Metasurface features can be associated with the lens body 104, for example, using a metasurface array, in order to modify the properties of the ophthalmic lens 100.
In this regard,
It will be appreciated that
While it will be appreciated that many combinative optical properties and effects can be achieved, in one embodiment, the optical property can include one or more focal points of the lens body. In this regard, the metasurface array can operate to induce optical properties associated with the bifocal, progressive multifocal and trifocal for vision correction.
As another example, the optical property can include an astigmatism correcting property. In this regard, the metasurface array can operate to define or modify focal distances relative to respective meridians of the lens, such as having a first focal distance associated with a first meridian and a second focal distance associated with a second meridian.
As another example, modifying the focal point can include modifying a decentralized focal point. In this regard, the metasurface array can operate to define the focal point as being decentralized relative a central axis of the lens. Additionally or alternatively, this can involve defining or modifying one or more focal points that focused at peripheral location disposed at a distance from fovea.
In another embodiments, metasurface features can combine with refraction and/or diffraction based optical zone. For example, the lens can include a central optic zone having metasurface structures, a peripheral optic zone surrounding central optic zone comprised by refraction and/or diffraction based optical property zone.
It will be appreciated that the lens body 104 can be any appropriate geometry, which may be adapted for a particular application. In some cases, the lens body 104 can have a standardized geometry to facilitate the efficient manufacture of substantially high volumes of lenses. Despite the geometry being standardized, the metasurface array 150 can be tuned to induce different optical effects in certain ones of the lenses, such as a reduction in a glare characteristic, a halo reduction, aberration correction, and so on. In other cases, the lens body 104 can have a geometry that is customized to particular patient. This can be the case for certain therapeutic uses of the lens, such as that where the lens is surgically associated with the eye and a custom fit is desired. In this regard, the metasurface array 150 can be tuned to produce a desired optical effect, notwithstanding the customized geometric shape of the lens. Wide angle lenses, such as those having a wide angle contact lens body, and other lens shapes can also be used as appropriate.
The lens body 104 is shown as having a substantially rotationally symmetric profile, as can be used for various types of vision correction. In other cases, the lens body 104 can form a substantially rotationally asymmetric profile, irregular profile, and/or include substantially flat sections, as appropriate for a given application. In this manner, the anterior surface 106b of
Broadly, the metasurface array 150 operates to modify an optical characteristic of the ophthalmic lens 100. As described above, this could include modifying a focal point of the lens from the focal point 116 of
While the metasurface building elements 160 can take many forms, the elements 160 are shown in
The nano-posts can be formed from various materials in order to generate a desired optical effect. In some examples, a titanium dioxide and/or a silver dioxide material can form some or all of the nano-posts. As described in greater detail below, the nano-posts can be formed from an etching process, including using lithography. In this manner, a starting material or substrate layer, such as a layer of titanium dioxide can be etched to form the collection of nano-posts in the desired shape. The collection of nano-posts can then be associated with the lens body in a variety of ways, including using a molding process and/or peelable sheets, as described below with respect to
In the sample of
As described herein, the metasurface building elements can be defined by a collection of nano-posts. In the sample of
In certain embodiments, at least a section of the nano-post 164 can be directly associated with the matrix 154. To illustrate,
In this regard, the nano-post 164 is arranged in a particular configuration in order to facilitate the optical effects desired herein. The nano-post 164 can generally maintain this configuration through physical manipulation of the ophthalmic lens, such as the manipulation of the lens during surgery (e.g., for intraocular lens embodiment) and/or external use in a contact lens environment, using the matrix 154 and/or other structure, substrate, or method. To illustrate,
In view of the physical characteristics of the metasurface building element 160, outlined above, the behavior of light through the lens body 104 can be modified. For example, and as shown in greater detail in
To illustrate,
In this regard,
In this regard, it will be appreciated that the collection of nano-posts, or any of the metasurface building elements described herein can be used to induce combinative optical effects with the geometry of the lens. For example, the lens body 104 may have a geometry that exhibits certain optical properties associated with light diffraction and/or refraction. The collection of nano-posts can thus operate to influence the characteristics of light through the lens body that are induced by the diffraction and/or refraction associated with the lens body 104. This can be beneficial, for example, where the geometry of the lens body is used to provide a certain therapeutic effect, including geometries allowing for a particular fitting of the lens to a patient's eye.
The metasurface array and embodiments herein can be used to induce various different optical properties across lenses having geometrically same or similar lens bodies. For example, the metasurface array can employ metasurface features to induce optical changes, rather than rely solely from the geometric shape of the lens body. To illustrate the foregoing,
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
Accordingly, the lens body 204 can be produced from a standardized process, such as that illustrated in
The metasurface array and embodiments herein can also be used to induce substantially the same optical properties for lenses having disparate geometries. For example, the metasurface array can employ metasurface features that induce optical changes, rather than rely solely from the geometric shape to induce optical effects. In this manner, the metasurface features can be tuned to account for the geometric shape of the lens body, in order to influence light traversing the lens body to exhibit a common optical property. This can be beneficial, for example, where lenses of different sizes and shapes, such as those that are used to treat various different conditions, each have a common focal point or other commonly desired optical property across the different lens types. To illustrate the foregoing,
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
It will be appreciated that
The metasurface arrays described herein can be used in a wide variety of applications, including applications where the lens is configured for installation during surgical producers or otherwise installed by a medical practitioner. As one example, the metasurface array can be used in a lens or lens system that comprises or defines an intraocular device or lens. The intraocular lens can be used to treat cataracts or myopia, and is thus typically associated with an eye during a surgical procedure. The metasurface array used with the intraocular lens can allow the lens body to exhibit a variety of different physical characteristics, for example, because the modification of light and optical characteristics can be controlled by the metasurface array rather than solely by the geometry of the lens body. In this regard, the intraocular lens can be substantially flat in a pre and post-surgical configuration, and allow the lens body to have certain other characteristics that can reduce the incision size during the surgical procedure, including having a thickness of 0.25 mm or less, and being capable of folding and/or rolling, and insertion through incision of 2 mm or less, such as an incision of 1 mm or less.
In this regard,
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the metasurface array 450 can be adapted for use with the intraocular lens. This can involve manufacturing the metasurface array 450 and associated lens body 404, according to the manufacturing techniques herein. For example, the metasurface array 450 can be sufficiently durable to maintain the target optical properties and modification subsequent to a surgery process for installing the lens. In some embodiments and as show in greater detail with respect to
The ophthalmic lens of
With reference to
In addition, according to one exemplary embodiment, a metasurface array can be incorporated onto a surface of a contact lens to treat myopia progression, particularly in young people, as illustrated in
The growth of the eye's axial length can be affected by visual feedback received in the retina. The visual feedback can be used to balance the axial length of the eye with the collective focusing ability of the cornea and crystalline lens. The eye uses the focal point of the light focused on the retina to determine when the eye's axial length is balanced. Such visual feedback may be based on the entire surface area of the retina, and not just the central portions of the retina dedicated to central vision. Thus, if the periphery of the retina, which has a greater surface area than the central region, receives visual feedback to extend the axial length, the eye may respond by growing to increase the axial length of the eye. This may occur in cases where the central vision is already balanced. Thus, such visual feedback can cause the central vision to become out of focus.
The light directed towards the peripheral regions of the retina can provide a stimulus that the eye can interpret as visual feedback to determine a rate of growth for the eye. In some examples, the light directed towards the peripheral regions of the retina is focused exactly on the peripheral regions of the retina. By causing the focal point of the peripherally directed light to be exactly on the retina, the eye may alter the growth rate of the eye so that the axial length of the eye maintains a consistent balance with the eye's focusing power. This may cause the eye to grow slower or stop growing altogether.
In other examples, the light may be focused short of the peripheral regions of the retina. As a result, the focal point of the directed light is in front of the retina. Such a stimulus may cause the eye to have peripheral myopia. This may have the effect of causing the eye to slow growth or stop growing altogether.
Generally, young children begin with a hyperopic condition where the focal point is formed behind the retina. Thus, the eye has an early stimulus to cause the eye to grow in a manner to correct the balance between the eye's focusing power and axial length. In cases where a child has a central hyperopic condition, light can be directed to the peripheral regions of the retina to be purposefully focused behind the retina. This may provide an additional stimulus to the eye to adjust its growth and/or shape which may correct the eye's central vision, as taught in U.S. Pat. No. 10,429,670, which issued patent is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
In one embodiment of the principles described herein, an ophthalmic lens includes a lens body configured to be positioned relative to an eye. The lens body includes an optic zone configured to direct light towards a central region of the retina of the eye. At least one optic feature including a metasurface array of the lens body has a characteristic that selectively directs light into the eye away from the central region of the retina.
The optic feature can be formed on either an anterior or a posterior surface of the ocular lens. In examples where the lens body is made of multiple layers, the optic feature can be formed on an internal or external surface of any one of the layers. Such an internal or external surface can be on an intermediate layer or on another surface of an anterior layer or a posterior layer. In some exemplary embodiments, the metasurface array can be incorporated into the lens body without affecting the ocular lens' field of curvature. The metasurface array can also be one of multiple independent metasurface arrays or locations that are incorporated into the ocular lens and are independently tuned to direct light towards specific areas of the retina. Such optic features can have different sizes, be tuned to different wavelengths of light, can include different cross-sectional shapes, different refractive indexes, different focusing powers, other differing characteristics, or combinations thereof.
Other ambient light rays 26, 28, 30 also enter the eye 12 through the ocular lens 10. These light rays 26, 28, 30 are refracted differently than light rays 14, 16, 18. Light rays 26, 28, 30 are directed towards the peripheral region 32 of the retina 24. In the example of
Light rays 26, 28, 30 are refracted differently, than light rays 14, 16, 18 because light rays 26, 28, 30 pass through the ocular lens 10 at a metasurface array 36 that has a different refractive property than the refractive properties in the optic zone 20 of the ocular lens 10. The metasurface arrays 36 are illustrated as protrusions for ease of explanation and identification in the figures only. As noted above, the metasurface arrays do not substantially or noticeably alter the surface profile geometry of the ophthalmic lens or the thickness of the lens. According to one exemplary embodiment, the metasurface array 36 can be create a positive or negative refraction, depending on the geometry of the array, such as the angle of incidence, wavelength, and period of the array. The metasurface array 36 can be an active or a passive metasurface array. The metasurface array 36 may be formed according to the processes disclosed herein
In some examples, the ocular lens 10 is a contact lens, a soft contact lens, a rigid gas permeable contact lens, an implantable contact lens, another type of lens, or combinations thereof. Alternatively, the ocular lens 10 can be any ophthalmic lens including a lens for spectacles. In the example of
While
Further,
In some examples, the metasurface arrays are constructed so that the wavelengths of the redirected light are not separated. In other words, the features may direct the all wavelengths within the visual light spectrum together. However, in some examples, at least some of the metasurface arrays may be constructed to redirect just selected wavelengths of light towards to the peripheral areas of the retina. As illustrated in the exemplary illustrations of
As illustrated in
The peripheral light 98 redirected into the eye may not affect the central vision of the eye because the peripheral light 98 is directed into the peripheral region 32 of the retina where peripheral vision is processed. Consequently, the peripheral light 98 that is directed towards the peripheral region 32 of the retina 24 can be intentionally defocused to provide a desired stimulus to the eye. For example, the redirected peripheral light 98 may be focused exactly on the retina. In some cases, such a stimulus may indicate that the eye's axial length is properly proportioned with the eye's focusing power. In other examples, the redirected light rays 98 are focused to fall short of the retina. In some cases, such a stimulus indicates that the eye's axial length is too long for the eye's focusing power, thereby slowing or ceasing the axial growth of the eye. In yet other cases, the redirected light rays 98 can be focused behind the retina, which may create a stimulus that indicates the eye's axial length is too short for the eye's focusing power. Depending on the eye's ability to grow, the eye may be caused to grow in such a manner to at least partial improve the balance between the axial length of the eye and the eye's focusing power based on the stimulus.
The amount of light that is redirected to the peripheral region 32 of the retina 24 is based on the number of the metasurface arrays 36, the refractive index of the metasurface arrays 36, the shape or geometries of the metasurface arrays 36, other factors, and combinations thereof. An ocular lens 10 may be customized for conditions of the eye. For example, in cases where professional feels that a strong stimulus is desirable, more metasurface arrays 36 may be added to the ocular lens to redirect more light or the focusing power of selected features may be increased. In other examples, a material with certain refractive indexes or features with different shapes may be used to achieve the desired strength of the stimulus. Likewise, these parameters may be scaled down to reduce the strength of the stimulus as desired based on a different eye's condition.
The use of metasurface arrays provides a great deal of flexibility and programmability to the design of the ocular lens. Various metasurface arrays can be on some or all of one or more surfaces of the ocular lens, allowing the lens designer to tune some metasurface arrays to maximize a visible optical effect, while allowing other metasurface arrays to be tuned to provide stimuli to the ocular system.
Turning to
The ophthalmic lens 500 can be configured to maintain an optical characteristic (e.g., a focal point, an aberration characteristic, a glare characteristic, and so on) subsequent to the physical manipulation of the lens 500 for surgical association with an eye. To facilitate the foregoing, the metasurface array 550 can include metasurface building elements 570 having a defined arrangement, as shown in example of
With reference to
To illustrate,
The eye 590 can be undergoing a surgery procedure. As such,
In this regard, the lens 500 can be rolled or folded, as shown in
To illustrate the foregoing,
The ophthalmic lenses and devices of the present disclosure can also be used in the context of a contact lens, such as an external contact lens that is associated with an eye by the user. This can include, for example, rigid gas permeable ocular lens or scleral lens, as possible examples. The contact lens can also be susceptible to physical manipulation, such as that caused by a user associating the lens with the eye, including pinching the lens, rolling or partially rolling, or other physical manipulations. In this regard, the metasurface array associated with context lens-type embodiments can be configured to maintain the modified optical property of the lens after physically manipulating the lens body for use with the eye. For example, the array can include metasurface building elements or other metasurface features that are arranged to account for the manipulation of the lens, and thus induce the appropriate optical effect after the manipulation.
To illustrate the foregoing,
With reference to
With reference to
With reference to
In another example, an ophthalmic lens or device, such as an IOL, can include a hybrid plano-refractive lens. For example, as shown in
With reference to
As shown in the examples of
The arrangement of meta-atoms 770 can be spatially engineered to realize polarization-dependent functionality. Combining with a refractive lens, the hybrid design can have multiple focal spots that are contributed to by light of different polarizations. Interference between focal spots can therefore be minimized due to the orthogonality of the polarization states. In this regard, the lens 700 can be configured as a multifocal lens having at a first and second focal point. The meta-atoms can be configured to reduce an interference between the first and second focal points in response to an orthogonality of the polarization states.
While many material constructions are possible, according to one exemplary embodiment, the arrangement of meta-atoms 770 can be formed with a titanium dioxide material base. The titanium dioxide base can be transferred to the planar portion 704b of the lens 700 while maintaining the meta-atom design. The material base can also be formed fully, or in part, from one or more of Si3N4, SiO2, and GaN. Additionally, the nano-posts or meta-atoms described herein can be composed of a low optical loss dielectric material with a high index of refraction in the visible spectrum.
In some embodiments, the metasurface array can be adapted to enhance a field of view of a given patient. For example, the metasurface arrays described herein can be tuned in order to expand or enlarge a field of view as compared with a standard lens.
With reference to
The ophthalmic lenses of the present disclosure having metasurface arrays can be manufactured using a variety of appropriate techniques. The ophthalmic lenses can be manufactured in order to produce metasurface arrays having metasurface building elements or other metasurface features that are tuned to induce a specified optical characteristic in the lens. This can include manufacturing techniques that can produce metasurface building elements having a dimension, such as a height dimension that is of, or less than, a cycle wavelength of light. The manufacturing techniques herein can also adapt and associate the metasurface array for a variety of different lens contexts or embodiments. For example, the manufacturing techniques can be used to produce lens for intraocular lens, such as those associated with an eye during surgery. In another context, the techniques can be used for substantially external lenses, such as contact lenses, including rigid gas permeable ocular lenses, scleral lenses, spectacle lenses, and so on. As such, to the extent that the following methods are discussed as generally being used to manufacture an embodiment of an ophthalmic lens, it will be appreciated that the manufacturing techniques can also be used to produce other ophthalmic lenses, as contemplated herein.
With reference to
In the embodiment of
With reference to
With reference to
In this regard,
With reference to
The metasurface array 1050 can be configured to adhere to the lens body 1004. For example, the metasurface array 1050 can define one or more peelable sheets that is associated with the lens body 1004 is a manner that substantially mitigates subsequent separation. To facilitate the foregoing, the array 1050 can include metasurface building element 1060 arranged in a matrix 1064. The matrix 1064 can be adapted to associate the metasurface building elements 1060 with the outer surface of the lens body 1004. For example, the matrix 1064 can have certain adhesive properties that cause the metasurface array 1050 to maintain contact with the outer surface of the lens body 1004. Additionally or alternatively, the matrix 1064 can be user to define a surface to receive an adhesive treatment, laminate, or other layer, coating, and so on to facilitate the association of the array 1050 with the lens body 1004.
The metasurface array 1050 and the lens body 1004 can be associated with one another in order to form an ophthalmic lens 1000. The ophthalmic lens 1000 can be one or more of the ophthalmic lenses described herein, which use metasurface features to modify an optical characteristic of a lens. In this regard,
With reference to
The ophthalmic lens 1100 can include at least a lens body 1104 and a metasurface array 1150. The metasurface array 1150 can initially be formed from one or more base materials, such as a titanium dioxide layer that is overlaid onto the lens body 1104. The metasurface array 1150 can receive electromagnetic radiation or other input in order to pattern the layer such that the array 1150 includes metasurface building elements in a desired configuration. In this regard,
With reference to
To facilitate the reader's understanding of the various functionalities of the embodiments discussed herein, reference is now made to the flow diagrams in
With reference to
At operation 1204, a metasurface array can be formed by establishing metasurface building elements in a matrix. For example and with reference to
At operation 1208, a lens body can be formed having a profile shaped to match a geometry of an eye. For example and with reference to
At operation 1212, the metasurface array can be associated with the lens body, thereby forming an ophthalmic lens, such as a foldable ophthalmic lens as described herein. For example and with reference to
With reference to
At operation 1304, a group of standardized lens bodies can be provided. For example, and with reference to
At operation 1308, a first ophthalmic lens can be produced by associating a first metasurface array with a first lens body of the group of standardized lens bodies. For example, and with reference to
At operation 1312, a second ophthalmic lens can be produced by associating a second metasurface array with a second lens body of the group of standardized bodies. For example, and with reference to
With reference to
With reference to
The canonical and freeform shapes of
At operation 1604, a function of the metasurface array can be determined. For example and with reference to
At operation 1608, a geometric shape of meta-atoms can be determined. For example, and with reference to
With respect to the freeform shapes, at operation 1612b, a freeform shape of the meta-atom can be formed using an inverse design methodology. For example, and with reference to
At operation 1616, a meta-atom library can be formed. For example, a meta-atom library can be formed having meta-atoms including the geometric shape determined with respect to operations 1612a or 1612b. The meta-atoms in the meta-atom library can have a meta-atom design or arrangement based in part on the determined function of the metasurface array, as determined, for example, at operation 1604.
At operation 1620, a meta-atom design can be optimized. For example, the meta-atom design can be analyzed with respect to the function, including at least one constraint. The constraint can include a variety of factors, such as material selection, optical properties, geometry of the lens, purpose of lens, and so on. Upon optimization of the meta-atom design, the meta-atom design can be validated at operation 1624. In some examples, a simulation tool can be used to determine a validation metric of the optimized meta-atom design relative to the determined function of the metasurface array. For example, the validation metric can be indicative of potential performance of the metasurface array during the intended use. In some examples, the validation metric can be compared to a threshold value. The threshold value can correspond to an acceptable level of performance of the metasurface array for production in the final ophthalmic lens. Where the validation metric is less than the threshold value, the operation 1620 can be repeated in order to further optimize the meta-atom design.
At operation 1628, a metasurface array can be formed. The metasurface array can be formed by establishing metasurface building elements in a matrix, such as the meta-atoms described above. For example and with reference to
At operation 1632, a lens body can be formed. In some examples, the lens body can be formed to have a profile that is shaped to match a geometry of the eye. Continuing with the non-limiting example of
At operation 1636, a metasurface array can be associated with a lens body, thereby forming an ophthalmic lens. Continuing the non-limiting example of
Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items prefaced by “at least one of” indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A, B, or C” means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C). Further, the term “exemplary” does not mean that the described example is preferred or better than other examples.
The foregoing description, for purposes of explanation, uses specific nomenclature to provide a thorough understanding of the described embodiments. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the specific details are not required in order to practice the described embodiments. Thus, the foregoing descriptions of the specific embodiments described herein are presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not targeted to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings.
This patent application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/942,403, filed Jul. 29, 2020, and entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FORMING OPHTHALMIC LENS INCLUDING META OPTICS,” which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/879,834 filed Jul. 29, 2019, entitled “SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR FORMING OPHTHALMIC LENS INCLUDING META OPTICS FIELD”; the disclosure of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62879834 | Jul 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 16942403 | Jul 2020 | US |
| Child | 17386276 | US |
