Patent Grant
11464672
The present description relates generally to systems and methods for generating and applying biomimicry tear film onto a cornea.
A healthy tear film is integral to the overall health of eyes and vision. The tear film covers an ocular surface of the eye including the cornea in a thin fluid layer approximately 3 μm thick and approximately 3 μL in volume. The tear film thus functions as an interface between the ocular surface and an outside environment, functioning to polish the corneal surface, mechanically trap and flush out foreign bodies and chemicals, inhibit growth of microorganisms, and reduce surface friction associated with eyelid blinking and eye movement.
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a condition characterized by eyes, which do not produce enough tears, or produce low-quality tears (that is, tears which fail to form a stable tear film or which evaporate too fast). Symptoms of DES include eye redness, irritation, itchiness, pain, swollen eyelids, blurred vision, and eye discomfort from contact lenses. DES is highly prevalent, and constitutes a primary reason for eye doctor visits. Nearly half of Americans aged 18 and older experience symptoms of DES. Further, DES is typically chronic, often requiring long-term management.
The majority of DES diagnoses are characterized as either evaporative dry eye, in which lipid deficiencies cause the tear film to evaporate at a faster than normal rate, or aqueous tear deficiency, where insufficient tear volume is produced. Treatments typically target one of these two types of DES. One example treatment includes adding artificial tear drops (e.g., omega-3 or mineral oil enriched artificial tear drops or emulsions) to increase the tear volume. A second example involves blocking tear ducts temporarily using small silicone, or gel-like, plugs to retain tears in the eye. A third example instead blocks tear ducts permanently by a surgical procedure to retain tears in the eye. A fourth example includes adding eye drops or ointments to decrease inflammation on or around the eye. In a fifth example, DES caused by a blockage of the Meibomian gland (MG) has been treated using a device which simultaneously delivers a vectored thermal pulse, or a combination of heating and massaging, to an interior of the eyelid, and a therapeutic motion to an exterior of the eyelid. As a sixth example, neurostimulation may be utilized to increase tear production in the aqueous layer of the tear film.
However, it is herein recognized that there are numerous shortcomings to the aforementioned treatments. For instance, the small silicone plugs may be uncomfortable and may cause inflammation. As another example, surgical procedures may be expensive and may result in complications. Treatments based on eye drops and ointments may be messy and inconvenient, as excessive liquids or ointments may result in temporarily blurred vision, stained clothing, and/or ruined makeup. Omega-3 or mineral oil enriched artificial tear drops or emulsions may have difficulty forming a stable tear film on the cornea of the eye, due to an inability of such drops or emulsions to adhere to the surface of the cornea in an even manner. The device-based treatment described above only treats clogged MGs, is costly (e.g., up to $1500 per treatment), does not offer much in the way of improvement for individuals with significant loss of the MG, and relief is typically of a limited duration (e.g., from one week to 3-6 months). Neurostimulation as mentioned above may increase tear production, but suffers from a failure to stimulate lipid or mucin production, thereby limiting the utility thereof.
The inventors have identified the above problems and herein provide systems and methods to at least partially address them.
Various embodiments of systems and methods for treating DES are provided. More particularly, Systems and methods for generating and applying biomimicry tear films that mimic the natural tear film layers are provided herein.
Tear film is made up of three layers secreted by various glands and tissues. Furthest removed from the cornea is a lipid layer, or oil layer. The lipid layer functions to seal and stabilize the tear film, thereby helping to reduce tear evaporation. A middle aqueous layer functions to lubricate the eye, wash away debris, and prevent infection. Another layer closest or adjacent to the cornea, is a mucin layer. The mucin layer allows the aqueous layer to spread evenly over the surface of the cornea, helps the eye to remain moist and lubricated, provides the cornea with nourishment, and helps tears adhere to the surface of the cornea.
In various embodiments, the generated and applied biomimicry tear films include multiple layers, which can be optically transparent, ultrathin, biomechanically stable, evenly and smoothly conformal to the cornea surface. In one example, the biomimicry tear films include an outer biomimicry lipid layer, a middle biomimicry aqueous layer, and an inner biomimicry adhesive layer. The layer thickness of these one or more layers generated and applied can range from a few molecular to a few microns o even up to 250 microns.
In various embodiments, the biomimicry lipid layer that mimics the natural lipid layer of natural tear film, which can comprises one or more lipophilic compositions and functions as a lipophilic barrier to prevent tear evaporation. In various embodiments, the biomimicry lipid layer comprising one or more biomimicry tear components selected from a group comprising phospholipids (e.g., sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine), cholesterols, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, castor oil, mineral oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil, other naturally or synthetic oil, unsaturated lipids, hyaluronic acid, soy oil, petrolatum, waxes, anhydrous lanolin, lanolin, oleaginous ingredients, liposomes, ophthalmic emollients, demulcents, and synthetic materials which may be used to substitute/replace the natural human lipid layer. Further, the lipid composition may include one or more lipid-soluble vitamins (e.g., vitamin E, vitamin A).
In various embodiments, the biomimicry aqueous layer that mimics the natural aqueous layer of natural tear film, which functions to lubricate the eye, wash away particles, provide nutrition and prevent infection. In various embodiments, the biomimicry aqueous layer comprises an aqueous solution. In various embodiments, the biomimicry aqueous layer comprises an isotonic aqueous solution and may include one or more biomimicry tear components including but not limited to water and one or more electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, magnesium, and calcium). In various embodiments, the aqueous layer may comprise antibacterial substances such as water-soluble antibiotics such lincomycin, neomycin, spectromycin and penicillin, and water-soluble proteins such as lysozyme, betalysin and lactoferrin, that have antibacterial properties
In various embodiments, the biomimicry adhesive layer that mimics the natural adhesive layer, which functions to adhere to or interact with the lipophilic cornea surface as a thin and smoother layer that for layering on the hydrophilic biomimicry aqueous layer. In various embodiments, the biomimicry adhesive layer comprising bipolar molecules that are lipophilic on one end for adhering to the cornea surface and hydrophilic on the other end for receiving or layering on the biomimicry aqueous layer. In various embodiments, the adhesive layer comprising amphipathic molecule that has both a hydrophilic and hydrophobic component, such as a phospholipid and membrane protein. In various embodiments, the adhesive layer comprising composition that may include one or more biomimicry tear components comprising membrane-spanning mucins (e.g., MUC5AC) and/or mucin-like proteins or molecules. The mucins or mucin-like proteins or molecules may contain a cytoplasmic domain (e.g., a hydrophilic domain which may reach inside a corneal epithelial cell), a membrane-spanning domain (e.g., a hydrophobic domain which may span a membrane of the corneal epithelial cell), and an extracellular domain (e.g., a hydrophilic domain which may remain outside of the cornea).
Various systems and methods can be used to generate and apply biomimicry tear films.
In some embodiments, a method and a device for treating DES involves generating small droplets of artificial tears or components of artificial tear and applying the produced small droplets of artificial tears or artificial tear components to form a conformal layer on the surface of eyes to serve as artificial tears or biomimicry tears. In various embodiments generating small droplets of artificial tears or artificial tear components comprising vaporizing a liquid, solid or semisolid material (e.g., at the time of applying the artificial tear to the cornea), such that there is no premixing of the respective compositions of the different tear film layers prior to application of the artificial tear to the eye.
In various embodiments, the device includes an atomizer or nebulizer. In various embodiments, the small droplets of tears or tear components are micrometer sized droplets. In various embodiments, the method includes the steps of generating and depositing multiple layers of materials on the surface of the eyes, layer by layer (e.g., within a threshold amount of time of each other (e.g., after the previous layer is formed and before it disintegrates due to other disruptions (e.g., due to blinking, evaporation, or draining away into the tear duct))). In various embodiments, the method includes the steps of: (1) Using the device to nebulize a first composition to form a first vapor containing small particles (e.g., micro-sized particles) of the first composition, delivering the first vapor to the eyes to form a first conformal layer of material on the surface of the eyes. In various embodiments, the first composition comprises one or more compounds that adhere to cornea surfaces (“Adhesive Material”). In various embodiments, the first composition comprises a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic compound, amphiphilic compound, amphoteric compound. In various embodiments, the first composition may additionally comprise one or more compounds, materials or cells that help to the nourish, heal the cornea, or treat the cornea or the entire eye, such as stem cells, minerals, antioxidants (e.g., vitamin E), vitamins (e.g., vitamin A), anti-inflammatory compounds (e.g., steroid, NSAID), antibodies or anti-microbial. (2) Using the device to nebulize a second composition to form a second vapor containing small particles (e.g., micro-sized particles) of the second composition, delivering the second vapor to the eyes to form a second conformal layer of material on the surface of the eyes over the first conformal layer. In various embodiments, the second composition comprises an aqueous solution such as isotonic buffer solution and over the counter artificial tear. (3) Using the device to nebulize a third composition to form a third vapor containing small particles (e.g., micro-sized particles) of the third composition, delivering the third vapor to the eyes to form a third conformal layer of material on the surface of the eyes over the second conformal layer. In various embodiments, the third composition comprises hydrophobic materials. In various embodiments, the third composition may comprise flaxseed oil, DHA, omega-3 fatty acid, or materials derived from flaxseed oil, DHA, and omega-3 fatty acid.
Comparing with traditional eye drops or ointment, the new method provides a more uniform, much thinner and more stable tear film that is similar to real tear. In addition, it can be more enriched with electrolytes and proteins like in real tear do or utilize high viscosity materials that currently not used in eye drops. The optical transparency is still fairly good with a very thin layer thickness, for example from a molecule to submicron.
In some embodiments, a device can generate vapors and form coatings being utilized for biomimicry tears. The device includes: an atomization module which can turn materials from liquid to vapor; a reservoir module that contains the liquid materials; a vapor emit/spray module, like nozzle, that direct vapors to from coating on the target objects; a power module and some electronics to switch the device on and off, etc. In some embodiments, the atomization function can utilize ultrasonic, piezoelectric, or Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS), other mechanism. In some embodiments, the device can work with liquid materials with various viscosities, from 1 cp (e.g., water) to 200 cp (e.g., oil-like fluid). In some embodiments, the droplet size can be from sub-micron, 1 micron to 100 um.
In some embodiments, biomimicry tears consist of one or more layers of materials, which can form a conformal coating on the surface of the eye. Like real human tears, the materials of layers can include: an Adhesive layer: It can be a high molecular weight material, a single cell layer, or stem cell, a protein layer that provides adhesion for biomimicry tears on corneal epithetical surface. This layer is hydrophilic; an Aqueous layer: It can be a watery layer that provides moisture, nourishment and protection to the cornea; and an Oil layer: A layer on top of the aqueous layer to hold the shape of the tear film stably (by provide enough surface tension) and protection to prevent aqueous layer evaporate too quickly. In some embodiments, each material will be packaged individually with multiple of such packages in the reservoir module. Because the new applying method, a coating of thin layers, the biomimicry tears can a mixture liquid that offers the functions of all those three layers, adhesion, nourishment, lubrication and protection. In some embodiments, each layer thickness can be from a single molecule layer to a few microns. In some embodiments, ingredients in the film materials can include but not limited to Carboxymethylcellulose sodium, dextran, glycerin, hypromellose, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400), polysorbate, povidone, or propylene glycol, etc.
In some embodiments, package of the materials includes the following features: (a) the liquid materials can be packaged into disposable capsules that placed in the reservoir module. Once the liquids are used, the capsules will be replaced; and (b) The reservoir module can be designed for multiple usages as well. It can contain one or a few cavities for various liquid materials which can be refilled. In some embodiments, one or more replaceable and disposable capsules includes additional ingredients, such as medication, nourishments, lubricants, that are added to or premixed with a respective composition from another capsule inside a processing chamber of the dispensing apparatus (e.g., an atomizer), before the composition is dispensed onto the surface of the cornea or a previously applied tear film layer.
In some embodiments, a camera module can be added on the device to capture the image of the eye before and after coating biomimicry tears to monitor the syndromes of dry eye disease. In some embodiments, the camera monitors the application of each artificial tear film layer, to ensure that a previous layer is properly formed (e.g., with sufficient coverage and thickness) before the composition for the next layer of the artificial tear is dispensed onto the eye.
In some embodiments, a method of treating dry eye, includes: sequentially applying a plurality of distinct compositions to a surface that corresponds to a cornea of an eye (e.g., the convex surface of the cornea or a concave surface of a substrate (e.g., a coated MEMS device or contact lens) used to deliver the preformed multilayer artificial tear film on to the cornea), wherein the plurality of distinct compositions include at least a first composition, a second composition, and a third composition, and sequentially applying the plurality of distinct compositions to the surface includes: applying a first amount of the first composition to the surface that corresponds to the cornea of the eye, wherein the first amount of the first composition is distributed on the surface to form a first film layer of the first composition; applying a second amount of the second composition to the first film layer of the first composition that has been formed on the surface that corresponds to the cornea of the eye to form a second film layer of the second composition; and applying a third amount of the third composition to the second film layer of the second composition to form a third film layer of the third composition over the second film layer of the second composition, wherein the first film layer and the third film layer respectively correspond to a lipid layer and a mucin layer of a biomimicry tear film for the eye and the second film layer corresponds to an aqueous layer of the biomimicry tear film for the eye.
In some embodiments, sequentially applying the plurality of distinct compositions to the surface that corresponds to the cornea of the eye includes: generating a respective mist for each of the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition; and sequentially exposing the cornea of the eye to the respective mist for each of the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition.
In some embodiments, sequentially applying the plurality of distinct compositions to the surface that corresponds to the cornea of the eye includes: forming the mucin layer of the biomimicry tear film directly on the cornea using the first composition; forming the aqueous layer of the biomimicry tear film on the mucin layer of the biomimicry tear film using the second composition; and forming the lipid layer of the biomimicry tear on the aqueous layer of the biomimicry tear film using the third composition.
In some embodiments, the first composition includes mucin or mucin-like proteins or molecules; the second composition includes water and one or more electrolytes; and the third composition comprises one or more of phospholipids, cholesterols, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, castor oil, mineral oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil, unsaturated lipids, hyaluronic acid, soy oil, petrolatum, waxes, anhydrous lanolin, lanolin, oleaginous ingredients, liposomes, ophthalmic emollients, demulcents, and synthetic materials.
In some embodiments, prior to applying each of the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition, the method includes adjusting a respective dispensing parameter of an atomizer used to apply the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition in accordance with user input (e.g., through built-in input interface on the dispensing device, or an application on a mobile device, or according to instructions from a remote server).
In some embodiments, the respective dispensing parameter includes a parameter selected from a dispensing quantity (e.g., different quantities of different compositions are determined based on user input regarding the reason for the patient's dry eye and the conditions of the patient's natural tears), a dispensing duration (e.g., different durations are determined for different compositions based on their viscosities, and the quantities that need to be dispensed), a dispensing rate (e.g., based on user input regarding user tolerance and comfort, and the viscosities of the compositions), a dispensing energy level (e.g., based on characteristics of the compositions and patient comfort levels), a droplet size (e.g., based on characteristics of the compositions and film formation requirements for the different compositions), a spray speed (e.g., based on characteristics of the compositions (e.g., evaporation rate and film formation requirements)), a spray angle (e.g., based on characteristics of the cornea (e.g., presence of wound, shape, etc.)), a spray distance (e.g., based on characteristics of the compositions and the droplet sizes, etc.), a coverage area size (e.g., based on the receiving subject (e.g., coverage area may be smaller (e.g., with shorter spray distance and slower spray speed) when spraying the mucin layer directly on the cornea, and may be greater when spraying the lipid layer on the aqueous layer (e.g., with greater spray distance and greater spraying speed)) of the sprays), and equivalents thereof.
In some embodiments, the method includes: prior to applying a respective one of the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition, adding one or more additional ingredients to the respective one of the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition in accordance with one or more customization instructions (e.g., received from the user through an application or remote server). In some embodiments, the one or more additional ingredients include one or more medication (e.g., anti-inflammation medication, antibodies, etc.). In some embodiments, the one or more additional ingredients include one or more vitamins (e.g., supplements that nourishes, increases comforts, etc.).
In some embodiments, the method includes selecting the respective one of the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition to add the one or more additional ingredients based on one or more properties of the additional ingredients (e.g., depending on the solubility and interactivity between the additional ingredients and each of the compositions).
In some embodiments, the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition are applied using a single device containing respective composition chambers for each of the first, second, and third compositions, and a single dispensing apparatus, wherein the single dispensing apparatus is configured to adjust a dispensing parameter (e.g., dispensing speed, mixing time and speed, droplet size, etc.) based on which composition chamber of the single device is currently connected to the single dispensing apparatus. In some embodiments, the additional ingredients are included in additional chambers of the single device and may be exchanged depending on needs of the patients.
In some embodiments, wherein the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition are applied using a single device that dispenses the first, second, and third compositions using respective dispensing apparatus with distinct dispensing parameters corresponding to the first, second, and third compositions. For example, each composition has its own dispensing nozzle and optionally mixing chambers that is attached to the single device at the time of use.
In some embodiments, sequentially applying a plurality of distinct compositions to a surface that corresponds to a cornea of an eye includes: receiving, via a controller (e.g., implemented by one or more processors and memory (or another non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing instructions, the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the processors to perform the operations of the methods described herein) of an atomizer, instructions pertaining to atomizing one of the first composition into a first spray mist, the second composition into a second spray mist, and the third composition into a third spray mist; routing one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition into a process chamber of the atomizer based on the instructions; commanding, based on the instructions, a speed of a motor of an air pump to route an air flow into the process chamber; and where air and one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition exit the process chamber as one of the first spray mist, the second spray mist and the third spray mist, respectively, for application to the cornea of the eye (e.g., directly on the surface of the cornea or on a previously applied film layer on the surface of the cornea).
In some embodiments, the instructions pertaining to atomizing one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition are received at the controller from a customization application communicatively coupled to the controller (e.g., through a wireless connection or a wired connection).
In some embodiments, air and one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition exit the process chamber via a nozzle, where a radius of the nozzle is adjustable; and wherein the controller further receives instructions for adjusting the radius of the nozzle as a function of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition (e.g., in accordance with respective viscosities of the first, second, and third compositions).
In some embodiments, the set of instructions pertain to one or more of a desired amount of the composition to be applied, a desired sequence of application of compositions stored in the plurality of composition chambers, a desired droplet size of the spray mist, and a desired duration of application of the spray mist.
In some embodiments, various additional features and details are set forth with respect to the methods, systems, apparatuses disclosed herein and are combinable with the above method, and are not repeated in the interest of brevity. In some embodiments, systems, apparatuses, atomizers, and controllers are implemented to perform the methods described herein.
In various embodiments, generating and applying biomimicry tear films comprising generating mist of micro droplets using a micronizer/nebulizer/atomizer and applying to the cornea form the one or more layers or sublayers of biomimicry tear films. In various embodiments, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are used to print the one or more layers or sublayers of biomimicry tear films onto the cornea surface. In various embodiments, generating and applying biomimicry tear films comprising preforming the one or more layer of biomimicry tear films and applying the preformed biomimicry tear films to the cornea directly similar to wearing a contact lens.
In one example, a method for creating a biomimicry tear film on a cornea may comprise forming a multilayered tear film that may include forming a first smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer on the cornea. In some examples, forming the multilayered tear film may further include forming a second smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer on the first smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer. In some examples, forming the multilayered tear film may further include forming a third smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer on the second smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer.
In another example, a system for creating a biomimicry tear film on a cornea may comprise a first composition for forming a first layer of the biomimicry tear film, a second composition for forming a second layer of the biomimicry tear film, a third composition for forming a third layer of the biomimicry tear film, and an atomizer for atomizing and spraying the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition to create the biomimicry tear film on the cornea.
In another example, an apparatus for creating a biomimicry tear film on a cornea may comprise an air pump operable via a motor, at least one composition chamber, and a controller that may store user-defined instructions for operating the air pump to atomize and spray a first composition to form a first layer on the cornea that may comprise an adhesive layer of the biomimicry tear film, a second composition to form a second layer on the first layer that may comprise an aqueous layer of the biomimicry tear film, and a third composition to form a third layer on the second layer that may comprise an oil layer of the biomimicry tear film.
In another example, a method for treating dry eye syndrome using an atomizer may comprise routing a composition stored in a composition chamber of the atomizer into a process chamber of the atomizer via a composition pathway, routing an air flow from an air pump that may include a motor into the process chamber via an air pathway, controlling a speed of a motor and in turn a rate of the air flow based on the composition stored in the composition chamber, establishing an exit pathway where a combination of the composition and the air flow may exit the atomizer as a spray mist, and applying the spray mist to a cornea of a user of the atomizer.
In another example, a method for treating dry eye syndrome may comprise receiving, via a controller of an atomizer, instructions pertaining to atomizing one of a first composition into a first spray mist, a second composition into a second spray mist and a third composition into a third spray mist, routing one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition into a process chamber of the atomizer based on the instructions, commanding, based on the instructions, a speed of a motor of an air pump to route an air flow into the process chamber, and where air and one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition may exit the process chamber as one of the first spray mist, the second spray mist and the third spray mist, respectively, for application to a cornea of a user of the atomizer.
In another example, an atomizer system for applying a spray mist to a cornea or skin may comprise a remote computing device implementing a customization application, an atomizer that includes a plurality of composition chambers, an air pump operable via a motor, a process chamber that may receive a composition from one of the plurality of composition chambers at a time and an air flow from the air pump, a nozzle that may receive a mixture of the composition and the air flow for generating the spray mist, and a controller of the atomizer that may receive a set of instructions for applying the spray mist from the customization application.
In another example, an atomizer for administering a spray mist to a cornea or skin may comprise a removable head module that includes a composition chamber and a process chamber, the process chamber fluidically coupled to the composition chamber via a composition passage, a body module that may include an air pump and a motor of the air pump for supplying air to the process chamber via an air passage, a needle valve assembly including a needle and a nozzle, the needle valve assembly included in the process chamber, and a controller included in the body module storing instructions for adjusting a speed of the motor as a function of a viscosity of a composition included in the composition chamber.
In another example, an atomizer for administering a spray mist to a cornea or skin may comprise a composition cavity included in a head module of the atomizer, wherein the composition cavity includes a first composition chamber having a first valve, a second composition chamber having a second valve, and a third composition chamber having a third valve, a process chamber included in the head module that may independently receive a first composition from the first composition compartment when the first valve is open, a second composition from the second composition compartment when the second valve is open, and a third composition from the third composition compartment when the third valve is open, a body module mechanically coupled to the head module, the body module including an air pump operable via a motor for supplying an air flow to the process chamber, and a nozzle fluidically coupled to the process chamber where one of the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition may respectively exit the atomizer as one of a first spray mist, a second spray mist, and a third spray mist.
In another example, an atomizer for administering a spray mist onto a cornea or skin may comprise a head module, a body module positioned below the head module with respect to a vertical axis of the atomizer, the body module removably coupled to the head module, a composition chamber included in the head module, a process chamber included in the head module, the process chamber positioned below the composition chamber with respect to the vertical axis, the process chamber fluidically coupled to the composition chamber via a composition passage, an air pump with a motor positioned in the body module, where the air pump may be fluidically coupled to the process chamber via an air passage of the process chamber that may extend along the vertical axis from the head module to the body module, a needle valve assembly included in the process chamber, the needle valve assembly including a needle and a nozzle with an orifice, the orifice positioned at a front frame of the head module and where the needle valve assembly may extend along a front-to-back axis of the atomizer perpendicular to the vertical axis, a needle valve cover mechanically coupled to the needle, and a first spring connected to the needle valve cover that may bias the needle to a fully seated position in the nozzle, an atomization actuator, a link rod extending along the vertical axis from the head module to the body module, the link rod selectively mechanically coupled to the atomization actuator, a hinged connector with a connecting element positioned along the front-to-back axis of the atomizer that may fit into a link rod groove of the link rod, where movement of the link rod in a downward direction with respect to the vertical axis may rotationally mechanically engage the hinged connector with the needle valve cover to compress the first spring and unseat the needle from the fully seated position in the nozzle, a printed circuit board included in the body module, wherein the downward direction of movement of the link rod may mechanically engage the link rod with the printed circuit board to activate the motor to produce an air flow to the process chamber, and wherein a composition stored in the composition chamber may flow through the process chamber and may exit the orifice as the spray mist when the needle is unseated from the fully seated position while the motor is activated.
To achieve the end of generating and applying biomimicry tear films that mimic the natural tear film layers, atomizer systems are herein provided which may atomize one or more compositions that include one or more biomimicry tear components into droplets. The droplets may then be applied to a cornea of an eye as a spray mist to deliver one or more film layers that mimic natural tear film layers, and which coat a surface of the cornea. The atomizer may include a head module and a body module, wherein the head module may be detachable from the body module in some examples. That is, the head module may be interchangeable with another head module in some examples. The head module may include one or more composition chambers which may be respectively provided with the one or more compositions. The body module may include an air pump in one example. A process chamber included in the head module may receive an air flow from the air pump and a composition from the one or more composition chambers. The process chamber may be fluidically coupled to a nozzle, whereby a resultant mixture of air and the composition in the process chamber may exit the atomizer for spraying onto the eye of a user of the atomizer. A flow rate of the air may be determined by a speed of a motor of the air pump. One or more of the speed of the motor of the air pump and a radius of the nozzle may be adjusted as a function of a viscosity of the composition. As such, the atomization of a selected composition may be controlled as a function of a viscosity of the particular composition selected for atomizing and spraying onto the cornea of the user of the atomizer.
The atomization as described above may have several advantages in addition to those already detailed (e.g., interchangeability of the head module, composition-based control of the atomization). First, the atomization and spraying process may be carried out without heating of the composition. It may be understood that the absence of heating may be advantageous as heating may compromise effectiveness and quality of a resultant spray mist, or may evaporate a given composition. Second, the atomization may be conducted such that a pressure of the spray mist is minimized for applying the spray mist to the eye, which may avoid irritation to the eye receiving the spray mist. Thus, the atomizers of the present disclosure may improve upon aerosol and pump-based sprays, such as those utilized for non-ophthalmic purposes (e.g., fragrance, skincare, cosmetic products), which lack control of both pressure and droplet quantity, as an operator's action of pressing or pumping may vary in force. Third, the atomizers of the present disclosure may apply multiple compositions in a sequential manner, where each of the multiple compositions may vary substantially in viscosity. Some sprays, such as ultrasonic-based sprays (e.g., facial or room humidifiers) may be limited to liquids of a small range of viscosity (e.g., water and other low viscosity liquids). The atomizer systems of the present disclosure increase such a viscosity range, which is particularly advantageous for an atomizer designed to atomize and spray compositions corresponding to the layers of natural tear film, where such layers range in viscosity from around 1 mPa to around 10000 mPa.
It should be understood that the summary above is provided to introduce in simplified form a selection of concepts that are further described in the detailed description. It is not meant to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, the scope of which is defined uniquely by the claims that follow the detailed description. Furthermore, the claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any disadvantages noted above or in any part of this disclosure.
The following description relates to systems and methods for generating and applying tear film layers which mimic biological tear film layers to a cornea of an eye, thereby forming a multilayered tear film. An atomizer is provided which atomizes and sprays a composition or compositions that can include biomimicry tear components to form one or more film layers on the cornea. The atomizer may be adapted to deliver compositions of varying viscosities. The atomizer disclosed herein may not be limited to atomizing and spraying compositions that mimic biological tear film layers, but may be adaptable to other applications including but not limited to the applying of lotions, essences, creams, etc., to a desired skin location without departing from the scope of this disclosure.
Referring now to
The atomizer 50 may atomize one or more compositions into small droplets, each of which may include one or more biomimicry tear components, and administer the atomized composition(s) as the spray mist 51 to deliver/form one or more ultrathin (e.g., 1 μm in thickness or less), uniform, smooth, and conformal film layers to coat the surface 102 of the cornea 101. Discussed herein, “uniform” and “smooth” may be interchangeably used to describe a coverage of any threshold area of the surface 102 of the cornea 101 (e.g., a total surface area, less than the total surface area) by a film layer of substantially similar thickness and smoothness, or in other words, unchanging in form or character. Discussed herein, “conformal” may be used to describe the coverage of the total surface area of the surface 102 of the cornea 101 by the film layer being complete and/or conforming to a shape of the surface 102 of the cornea. As such, a biomimicry tear film may be formed, which may include one or more stable layers that mimic and function like various film layers (e.g., the mucin layer 111, the aqueous layer 112, the lipid or oil layer 113) of the tear film 110.
The one or more compositions may be composed of a liquid, solid, or semisolid material. In some examples, the biomimicry tear film as formed may include an adhesive layer, or mucin layer, having a similar composition and function to the mucin layer 111. In some examples, the biomimicry tear film as formed may include an aqueous layer having a similar composition and function to the aqueous layer 112. In some examples, the biomimicry tear film as formed may include an oil layer, or lipid layer, having a similar composition and function to the lipid layer 113.
In a first example, a first composition (e.g., aqueous composition) may be atomized and sprayed to form an aqueous layer on the surface 102 of the cornea 101, which may mimic the aqueous layer 112 of the tear film 110. A second composition (e.g., lipid composition) may then be atomized and sprayed to form an oil layer on the surface 102 of the cornea 101, where the oil layer may mimic the lipid layer 113 of the tear film 110.
In a second example, a third composition (e.g., adhesive composition or mucin composition) may be atomized and sprayed to form an adhesive layer on the surface 102 of the cornea 101, which may mimic the mucin layer 111 of the tear film 110. The first composition (e.g., aqueous composition) may then be atomized and sprayed to form the aqueous layer on the surface 102 of the cornea 101, which as discussed may mimic the aqueous layer 112 of the tear film 110. The second composition (e.g., lipid composition) may then be atomized and sprayed to form the oil layer on the surface 102 of the cornea 101, which as discussed may mimic the lipid layer 113 of the tear film 110. In such an example, it may be understood that the aqueous layer may be disposed between the adhesive layer and the oil layer.
In a third example, the first composition (e.g., aqueous composition) may be atomized and sprayed to form the aqueous layer on the surface 102 of the cornea 101, which as discussed may mimic the aqueous layer 112 of the tear film 110.
In a fourth example, the second composition (e.g., lipid composition) may be atomized and sprayed to form the oil layer on the surface 102 of the cornea 101, which as discussed may mimic the lipid layer 113 of the tear film 110.
It will be appreciated that, in some embodiments, the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition may be atomized and sprayed to form respective film layers in any desired order. Further, in some examples, each of the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition may include any of the adhesive composition or mucin composition, the aqueous composition, or the lipid composition, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. However, in some embodiments, the sequential order by which the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition are atomized and applied is predefined in accordance with the specific purpose of the application, such as treating DES and creating a multilayer biomimicry tear film on a cornea, and/or in accordance with the specific properties of the compositions (e.g., required quantities, viscosities, interactivity and reactivity, stability, etc. of the compositions) and is not randomly interchangeable. In some embodiments, the first, second, and third compositions are distinct compositions, that may have no overlap or only a small amount of overlap in ingredients. The first, second, and third compositions are not the same composition or a mixture of the first, second, and third compositions that is physically divided into different volumes.
Discussed herein, the lipid composition may include one or more biomimicry tear components selected from a group comprising phospholipids (e.g., sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine), cholesterols, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, castor oil, mineral oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil, unsaturated lipids, hyaluronic acid, soy oil, petrolatum, waxes, anhydrous lanolin, lanolin, oleaginous ingredients, liposomes, ophthalmic emollients, demulcents, and synthetic materials which may be used to substitute/replace the lipid layer 113. Further, the lipid composition may include one or more lipid-soluble vitamins (e.g., vitamin E, vitamin A).
Discussed herein, the aqueous composition may comprise an isotonic aqueous solution and may include one or more biomimicry tear components including but not limited to water and one or more electrolytes (e.g., sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, magnesium, and calcium).
Discussed herein, the adhesive composition may include one or more biomimicry tear components comprising membrane-spanning mucins (e.g., MUC5AC) and/or mucin-like proteins or molecules. The mucins or mucin-like proteins or molecules may contain a cytoplasmic domain (e.g., a hydrophilic domain which may reach inside a corneal epithelial cell), a membrane-spanning domain (e.g., a hydrophobic domain which may span a membrane of the corneal epithelial cell), and an extracellular domain (e.g., a hydrophilic domain which may remain outside of the cornea 101).
The biomimicry tear film may be applied to treat dry eye syndrome (DES). In contrast to current approaches involving artificial tear drops (deficiencies of which are exemplified below with reference to
Referring now to
Returning to
As another example of an application of the biomimicry tear film, a preformed biomimicry tear film that include pre-stacked layers corresponding to one or more of layers of the biomimicry tear film. The preformed biomimicry tear film may be directly applied to the cornea 101 in a manner similar to an application of a contact lens, for example. In some examples, the preformed biomimicry tear film may be manufactured with the one or more layers of the biomimicry tear film formed thereon. In some examples, the one or more layers of the biomimicry tear film may be applied to the preformed biomimicry tear film via one of the atomization/nebulization/micronization processes described hereinabove.
Referring now to
Atomizer 50 may further include a printed circuit board (PCB) 13. PCB 13 may be electronically coupled via one of a plurality of wired connections 47 to the motor 6 of the air pump 5 for controlling a speed of the motor. As will be described in greater detail below with reference to
Mutually perpendicular axes define a three-dimensional space for the schematic diagram 200, where a front-to-back axis 201 and a vertical axis 202 define a plane of
The atomization process discussed herein may generate small droplets of liquid with minimal pressure (e.g., within a threshold of zero pressure) to be coated onto the eye. In this way, the eye, being sensitive to excessive pressure, may avoid damage or irritation when using the atomizer 50. A size of the droplets may be selected from a range of a few nanometers to 500 microns in diameter.
Air pump 5 may be operable to produce the flow of air by activation of motor 6. In some examples, motor 6 may be a digital motor. A battery 8 connected to motor 6 via one of the plurality of wired connections 47 may provide power to motor 6. In some examples, battery 8 may be rechargeable. Motor 6 may be operated with an air pump motor speed selected from a range of 100 revolutions per minute (RPM) to 110,000 RPM.
Air pump 5 may pump air into process chamber 33 by way of air passage 46. The speed or rate at which the air flows into process chamber 33 may linearly correlate with the speed of the motor 6 of air pump 5. A resultant mixture of air and the composition received by the process chamber 33 may be received by and routed through nozzle 30, exiting the atomizer as the spray mist 51. The spray mist 51 may then be coated on the eye as one layer of the biomimicry tear film. In some examples, nozzle 30 may have a set length and a set radius, such that nozzle 30 may be optimized for a viscosity of a single composition. However, in other examples, the radius of nozzle 30 may be adjustable so as to function with compositions of varying viscosities.
Accordingly, atomizer 50 may function with compositions with a wide range of viscosities. As an example, the viscosity of the composition may be greater than 1 mPa·s and less than 10000 mPa·s.
Atomizer 50 may use a fixed setting for a plurality of materials. In some examples, the fixed setting may be optimized for a certain viscosity range. In order to achieve optimized performance for each of the plurality of materials, one or more parameters of the atomizer 50 may be adjusted as a function of the viscosity of the composition. The one or more parameters may include the speed of motor 6 of air pump 5, and the radius of nozzle 30. Adjusting the one or more parameters may in some examples result in, or be selected for, adjusting one or more of the size of the droplets of the spray mist 51, an amount of the composition to be atomized, a duration of the atomization, and/or a pressure for delivering the film layer. As such, the size of the droplets of the spray mist 51, the amount of the composition to be atomized, the duration of the atomization, and the pressure for delivering the film layer may be adjusted as a function of the viscosity of the composition.
Achieving a desired level of the atomization may include maintaining a balance of the viscosity of the composition and the amount of the composition (or a flow rate of the composition) with an atomization energy. As such, once the desired level of the atomization has been achieved, a change in any one parameter (e.g., the viscosity of the composition, the amount of the composition, the atomization energy, etc.) may affect the atomization. Such a change may be balanced with an opposing change to return the atomization to the desired level. As an example, a change to the viscosity of the composition may require a corresponding change to the atomization energy (e.g., increased or decreased air flow rate). As another example, a change to a flow rate of the composition may require a corresponding change to the atomization energy (e.g., increased or decreased air flow rate).
While
In some examples, the atomizer 50 may be a handheld device. However, in other examples, the atomizer 50 may be stationary. In such examples, the atomizer 50 may be affixed to a horizontal surface, such as a desktop, or the atomizer 50 may be affixed to, or hang from, a vertical surface, such as a wall.
The composition chamber 42 may be sized to hold a particular volume of the composition. In some examples, the volume of the composition chamber 42 may be between 0.5 mL and 3 mL. In some examples, the volume of the composition chamber 42 may be between 0.5 mL and 1 mL. In some examples, the volume of the composition chamber 42 may be between 1 mL and 2 mL. In some examples, the volume of the composition chamber 42 may be between 2 mL and 3 mL.
In some examples, the composition chamber 42 may directly receive a composition from another external container. For example, a liquid composition may be poured or otherwise transferred directly into the composition chamber for storage therein. In other examples, the atomizer 50 may be refilled by removing and replacing one or more pre-filled vials, capsules, or cartridges into the composition chamber(s) designed to receive the vials/capsules/cartridges.
In some examples, the head module 70 may be detachable from the body module 60. That is, the head module 70 may be removably mechanically coupled to the body module 60. Thus, in some examples, the head module 70 may be removed and replaced entirely. As such, in some examples, the head module 70 may be interchangeable with another head module. Each head module may be specific for a particular composition, for example. In such an example, a radius of the nozzle 30 may be fixed and may be sized according to the particular composition specified to be included for the particular head module 70. In other examples wherein the radius of the nozzle 30 is adjustable as a function of the viscosity of a composition to be atomized, after emptying the composition chamber 42 of a first composition, a second, different composition may be filled into the composition chamber 42 to be atomized, where the radius of the nozzle 30 may be adjusted as a function of the viscosity of the composition added.
Turning now to
In some examples, the process of atomization may be controlled by way of the PCB 13. Thus, as discussed herein, the PCB 13 may in some examples be referred to as a controller 13. In some examples, the PCB 13 may be communicatively coupled via the plurality of wired connections 47 to each of the valves 41 and motor 6 of air pump 5. The PCB 13 may further be communicatively coupled to one or more actuators associated with the nozzle 30, for controlling a radius of the nozzle 30. As will be described in greater detail below with reference to
While
Similar to that discussed above, each of the plurality of individual composition chambers may be affixed within the head module 70 for receiving compositions directly added thereto from an external container. In other examples, atomizer 50 may be refilled by removing and replacing one or more vials/capsules/cartridges that contain the compositions, where the plurality of individual composition chambers are designed to receive the vials/capsules/cartridges. A composition cavity (not shown but refer to
In some examples, the plurality of individual composition chambers may be used to store a set of compositions for a biomimicry tear film, an eye wash, and eye drops. In other examples, the plurality of individual composition chambers may be used to store a set of compositions for skin care products, where the skin care products may be one or more of lotions, essences, moistures, day creams, and night creams.
Further exemplary elements, and aspects thereof, shown in
Referring now to
The atomized mixture 52 may be passed from the process chamber 33 through the nozzle 30 to leave the atomizer (e.g., 50) as the spray mist 51. The spray mist 51 may be applied to a cornea of an eye to deliver a film layer, such as a component film layer of the biomimicry tear film. In some examples, further modules/process may alter properties of the spray mist 51 (e.g., pressure, droplet size, pattern, etc.) by varying control of a pressure of the air 49.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Accordingly, returning to
Turning now to
Turning now to
Each of the composition chambers 42a, 42b, 42c may include valve 41 respectively disposed therein. Each of the valves 41 depicted at
In some examples, each composition respectively disposed in the composition chambers (e.g., 42a, 42b, 42c) may be different from one another. When each composition is different, it may be understood that each composition may comprise a different viscosity. In other examples, two or more compositions respectively disposed in the composition chambers 42a, 42b, 42c may be the same as one another. In some examples, only one of the composition chambers 42a, 42b, 42c may be fluidically coupled to the intermediary chamber 43 at any one time. As such, each of the composition chambers 42a, 42b, 42c may independently provide a respective flow of a composition to intermediary chamber 43. In other examples, more than one of the composition chambers 42a, 42b, 42c may be fluidically coupled to intermediary chamber 43 at a same time, to enable mixing of the compositions housed in the respective composition chambers 42a, 42b, 42c.
As mentioned above, in some examples the atomization actuator (e.g., 20) may be manually depressed or otherwise manually actuated (e.g., slid, rotated, etc.), which may in turn activate the motor (e.g., 6) for providing the air flow to the process chamber (e.g., 33), and in some examples may further fluidically couple a composition chamber (e.g., 42a, 42b, 42c) to the process chamber (by way of the intermediary chamber 43 in a case where a plurality of composition chambers 42a, 42b, 42c are included in the head module, e.g., 70, of the atomizer, e.g., 50). However, in other examples a control strategy may be implemented by a controller (e.g., 13) for controlling the motor and/or for actuating a composition chamber to be fluidically coupled to the process chamber. Simply put, the atomization actuator may be understood to comprise in one example an on/off actuator (e.g., button, slidable member, rotatable protrusion) for actuating on and off the motor. It may be understood that such an atomization actuator may in some examples be accessible to a finger of a user or medical professional, such that the atomization actuator may be mechanically pressed, depressed, etc., (in other words, actuated), to actuate on and off the motor. For example, in a case where there is a single composition chamber (refer to
Referring now to
In such an example atomizer 50 may include the PCB (e.g., 13) functioning as a controller of the atomizer 50. The PCB 13 in this example embodiment may include a processing unit 803, a memory 804 (e.g., read-only memory, random access memory), and input/output (I/O) ports 805. The processing unit 803 may be communicatively coupled to the memory 804, which may store non-transitory, computer readable data representing instructions executable by the processing unit 803 for performing one or more control methods, where such control methods may be based on parameters input into customization application 810, as will be discussed in further detail below with regard to
Turning now to
Briefly, the customization application (e.g., 810) may include an ability to input parameters including but not limited to 1) a desired amount of each composition to apply to a particular eye or a desired location as a function of time; 2) a desired sequence of application of each composition (e.g., adhesive layer followed by aqueous layer followed by oil layer, etc.) applied to a particular eye; 3) a desired droplet size of the spray mist (e.g., 51) applied to a particular eye of the user, which may be defined by one or more of a radius of the nozzle (e.g., 30) and associated orifice of the atomizer (e.g., 50), and motor speed (e.g., the speed of the motor, e.g., 6, of the air pump, e.g., 5); 4) a desired duration of application of each composition to be applied to a particular eye of the user; etc.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
At 1002, a user may select a composition to apply to an eye or eyes (e.g., cornea(s)). Selecting the composition may include selecting from a first composition that mimics the aqueous layer of tear film, a second composition that mimics the oil layer of tear film, and a third composition that mimics the adhesive layer of tear film, for example. In some examples, selecting the composition at 1002 may include selecting which composition to apply first based on a desire to sequentially layer the eye or eyes with different compositions.
Upon selecting the composition, the user may then attach an appropriate head module (e.g., 70) to the body module (e.g., 60). For example, there may be a set of removable head modules (e.g., three or more different head modules), where each head module from the set is specified for receiving a particular composition. As a representative example, a first head module may be configured specifically for the first composition (e.g., aqueous composition), a second head module may be configured specifically for the second composition (e.g., lipid composition), and a third head module may be configured specifically for the third composition (e.g., adhesive composition). More specifically, a radius of the nozzle (e.g., 30) for each head module may be specific for the particular composition specified to be included in the given head module. In other words, because compositions corresponding to each of the tear film layers may differ, and therefore viscosities of the compositions may differ, the radius of the nozzle for each head module may be specific for the corresponding composition specified to be included in the particular head module. While not explicitly illustrated at step 1002, it may be understood that if the head module corresponding to the selected composition is not already filled with the selected composition, then the user may fill the composition chamber (e.g., 42) included in the head module with the selected composition. Filling the composition chamber may include adding the composition directly to the composition chamber from another external container or, in other examples, may include the user inserting a pre-filled vial, capsule, or cartridge that stores the selected composition into the appropriate composition chamber included in the head module.
Proceeding to 1004, with the head module (e.g., 70) attached, the user may input into the customization application (e.g., 810) which head module is attached for use. The customization application may then determine the appropriate corresponding motor speed (that is, the speed of the motor, e.g., 6, of the air pump, e.g., 5) for atomizing and spraying the selected composition, the motor speed determination a function of the viscosity of the composition specific to the particular head module. While in this example methodology the motor speed may be determined based on the input from the user pertaining to head module into the customization application, in other examples the body module may include a sensing means (not shown) which can interpret which head module is attached, and correspondingly control motor speed accordingly.
Continuing to 1006, method 1000 may include the customization application (e.g., 810) communicating instructions to the controller (e.g., 13) as to the motor speed for atomizing and spraying the selected composition. As discussed above, such communication of instructions may be via wired or wireless communication. With such instructions received at the controller, method 1000 may proceed to 1008.
At 1008, method 1000 may include atomizing and spraying the selected composition. Specifically, the user of the atomizer (e.g., 50) may initiate the process of atomizing and spraying the selected composition by actuating (e.g., depressing, sliding, rotating, etc.) an atomization actuator (e.g., button, knob, slidable actuator, etc.) that in turn activates the motor (e.g., 6) of the air pump (e.g., 5) at the instructed motor speed. In some examples, actuation of the atomization actuator (e.g., 20) may additionally fluidically couple the composition chamber (e.g., 42) with the process chamber (e.g., 33). The composition and air flow from the air pump may then be routed to the process chamber before exiting the nozzle (e.g., 30) as the spray mist (e.g., 51) for layering the cornea with the selected composition. In such an example where the atomization actuator is actuated via the user, the user may again actuate the atomization actuator to stop the process of atomizing and spraying the composition. Thus, in such an example, an amount of the composition applied to the eye of the user, and duration that the composition is applied to the eye of the user, is regulated via the user. In other examples, the controller (e.g., 13) may automatically stop the process of atomization after a predetermined duration, or based on instructions received from the customization application (e.g., 810).
After atomizing and spraying the selected composition, method 1000 may proceed to 1010. At 1010, method 1000 may include the user determining if the layer just applied corresponding to the selected composition is the last or final layer that is desired by the user to be applied to the eye of the user. If not, then method 1000 may return to 1002, where another composition may be selected by the user. In such a case, the user may then detach the head module (e.g., 70) currently attached to the body module (e.g., 60), may select which composition to apply to the eye next, and may then attach the appropriate head module corresponding to the next selected composition to the body module. Such a process may be repeated any number of times, depending on the user.
While the above-described methodology is directed to an application for treating DES, it may be understood that other applications are within the scope of this disclosure. For example, rather than the compositions corresponding to compositions that mimic tear film layers, in other examples the compositions may correspond to lotions, day/night creams, essences, etc. A similar methodology as that depicted at
Turning now to
At 1101, method 1100 may include the controller (e.g., 13) receiving instructions from the customization application (e.g., 810), the instructions related to a user-defined, or medical-professional defined, set of parameters for forming one or more tear film layers on an eye of a user of the atomizer. As discussed above, such instructions may be received via wired or wireless communication between a remote computing device (e.g., 801) that runs the customization application, and the controller of the atomizer (e.g., 50).
With the instructions received at 1101, method 1100 may proceed to 1102. At 1102, method 1100 may include selecting a composition to atomize and spray from a plurality of compositions respectively stored in the plurality of composition chambers (e.g., 42a, 42b, 42c). The selecting at 1102 may be via the controller (e.g., 13) based on the instructions received from the customization application (e.g., 810).
Continuing to 1104, method 1100 may include the controller determining a motor speed appropriate for atomizing and spraying the selected composition. At 1104, method 1100 may further include the controller determining a nozzle radius appropriate for atomizing and spraying the selected composition. It may be understood that both the motor speed and the radius of the nozzle (e.g., 30) may be determined as a function of a viscosity of the selected composition. That is, both the motor speed and the radius of the nozzle may be adjustable as a function of which composition is selected.
Proceeding to 1106, method 1100 may include adjusting the radius of the nozzle (e.g., 30) based on the selected composition. More specifically, the controller (e.g., 13) may send a signal to an actuator or actuators associated with the nozzle, thereby actuating the nozzle to be adjusted in terms of a radius appropriate for the selected composition.
Following adjustments to the nozzle (e.g., 30), method 1100 may proceed to 1108. At 1108, method 1100 may include atomizing and spraying a particular amount of the selected composition to deliver the desired film layer to the eye of the user of the atomizer (e.g., 50). The particular amount may originate as a parameter input into the customization application (e.g., 810), for example. However, in other examples, the particular amount may comprise a default amount, without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The particular amount (or default amount in other examples) may be a function of a duration that the composition chamber storing the selected composition is fluidically coupled to the process chamber (e.g., 33), for example. For example, the composition chamber may be fluidically coupled to the process chamber to release a desired amount of the selected composition into the process chamber (by way of the intermediary chamber, e.g., 43), at which point the composition chamber storing the selected composition may be sealed off from the process chamber. In other words, the controller may exert operational control over a position of a valve (e.g., 41) associated with the composition chamber storing the selected composition, to control an amount of the selected composition to be atomized and sprayed. Accordingly, at 1110, method 1100 includes the controller (e.g., 13) commanding open the valve associated with the composition chamber storing the selected composition to release the desired amount of the selected composition into the process chamber (by way of the intermediary chamber), after which the valve may be commanded closed via the controller. However, in other examples, the valve may be maintained open during the process of atomizing and spraying the selected composition, without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In such an example where the valve is kept open, the amount atomized and sprayed may be based on a time frame which the motor (e.g., 6) of the air pump (e.g., 5) is activated, and where the valve may be closed upon the motor of the air pump being deactivated.
At 1112, method 1100 may include the controller (e.g., 13) commanding the motor (e.g., 6) of the air pump (e.g., 5) to operate in order to supply the air flow from the air pump to the process chamber (e.g., 33) via the air passage (e.g., 46). The speed at which the motor of the air pump is operated may be retrieved from step 1104 of method 1100. As mentioned briefly above, the time frame for which the motor is activated may be a function of the desired amount of the selected composition to be atomized and sprayed onto the eye of the user. In this way, the selected composition may be atomized and sprayed as the spray mist (e.g., 51) onto the eye of the user to apply a layer, or film layer, that mimics a tear film layer. While not explicitly illustrated, the user may initiate the atomization and spraying process via one of pressing the atomization actuator (e.g., 20) associated with the head module (e.g., 70), or instructing the atomization and spraying process to commence via an option included in the customization application (e.g., 810), as discussed above.
With the selected composition atomized and sprayed onto the eye of the user, method 1100 may continue to 1116. At 1116, it may be determined as to whether the layer applied to the eye of the user is the final layer desired by the user to be applied. If so, method 1100 may end. For example, the atomizer may be turned off or deactivated to reduce power consumption. Alternatively, if at 1116 it is determined via the controller (e.g., 13) that another composition is desired to be sprayed onto the eye of the user to form another layer, then method 1100 may return to step 1102 where the method may repeat in order to apply the new layer. Upon the final layer being indicated as applied, method 1100 may end as discussed above.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
Referring now to
The body module 60 may include the air pump 5 with the motor (e.g., 6), where an air outlet 5a at least partially disposed within the air pump 5 may be fluidically coupled to the process chamber (e.g., 33) of the head module (e.g., 70) via the air passage (e.g., 46) of the process chamber 33. Further, the body module 60 may include a pump-to-head connector 4. The pump-to-head connector 4 may extend along the vertical axis 202 upwards from the body module 60 to the process chamber 33 of the head module 70. As shown, the pump-to-head connector 4 may be at least partially disposed around a protruding portion of the air outlet 5a. The pump-to-head connecter 4 may function to further secure the head module 70 to the body module 60.
The body module 60 may further include the battery 8. The battery 8 may be a rechargeable battery. The battery 8 may be electrically coupled to the motor (e.g., 6) of the air pump 5. The battery 8 may be positioned below the air pump 5 with respect to the vertical axis 202.
The body module 60 may further include the PCB 13 and a first spacer 14. A link rod (described below with reference to
The body module 60 may further include a power light source 3 which may be electrically coupled to the PCB 13. The power light source 3 may be annular in shape, encircling the pump-to-head connector 4. The power light source 3 may be positioned on the front body casing 9a, such that at least a portion of the power light source 3 may be exposed to an external surface of the body module 60. The power light source 3 may illuminate in response to activation of the motor (e.g., 6) of the air pump 5.
The body module 60 may further include a charging circuit board 11 and a charging light source 12. The charging circuit board 11 may be disposed below the PCB 13 with respect to the vertical axis 202, above the bottom body casing 9b with respect to the vertical axis 202, and behind the battery 8 with respect to the front-to-back axis 201. The battery 8 may be electrically coupled to the charging circuit board 11. Further, the charging light source 12 may be electrically coupled to the charging circuit board 11 and may be disposed between the PCB 13 and the back body casing 9b. When lit, the charging light source 12 may indicate a charging status of the battery 8.
The body module 60 may further include a second spacer 7, a third spacer 15, a plurality of fasteners 10, and a top ring 2. The second spacer 7 may be disposed along the front-to-back axis 201 between the battery 8 and the front body casing 9a. The third spacer 15 may be disposed on a bottom face of the air pump 5. The plurality of fasteners 10 may hold various components of the body module 60 to one another. The top ring 2 may be positioned on top of the body casing 9 with respect to the vertical axis 202.
Referring now to
The head module 70 may include a composition chamber 21, a first lid 19 for the composition chamber 21, a second lid 18 for the composition chamber 21, and a ring spacer 22. The composition chamber 21 may include an upper compartment 21a and a lower compartment 21b, where the upper compartment 21a may be disposed on top of the lower compartment 21b with respect to the vertical axis 202. Further, the upper compartment 21a may sealingly engage with the lower compartment 21b such that a composition stored within the composition chamber 21 may not leak between the upper compartment 21a and the lower compartment 21b. The first lid 19 may sealingly engage with the upper compartment 21a such that the composition stored with the composition chamber 21 may not leak between the upper compartment 21a and the first lid 19. Further, the first lid 19 may be composed of silicone. The second lid 18 may include one or more male connectors 18a extending from a bottom face of the second lid 18. The one or more male connectors 18a may sealingly engage with one or more female connectors 19a associated with a top face of the first lid 19. Further, the ring spacer 22 may be disposed below the lower compartment 21b and above the process chamber 33 with respect to the vertical axis 202. The ring spacer 22 may prevent leakage of the composition when the composition passes from the composition chamber 21 to the process chamber 33 for atomization.
The head module 70 may further include the process chamber 33, a needle valve assembly 80, a front frame 25, a front cover 28, a sealing element 32, a needle valve cover 34, and a first spring 35. The process chamber 33 may be positioned below the composition chamber 21 with respect to the vertical axis 202. The process chamber 33 may include the air passage 46, which may fluidically couple to the air pump (e.g., 5) of the body module (e.g., 60) via the air outlet (e.g., 5a) of the air pump 5. The process chamber 33 may further include a first groove 33a and a second groove 33b. It will be understood that the second groove 33b, though not visible in the exploded view 1400, may be of a mirrored configuration of the first groove 33a, and may be disposed on a second outer face of the process chamber 33 opposite a first outer face of the process chamber 33 including the first groove 33a along the horizontal axis 203.
The needle valve assembly 80 may be included within the process chamber 33. The needle valve assembly 80 may extend along the front-to-back axis 201. Further, the needle valve assembly 80 may include a micro nozzle 30 and a needle 31, where the needle 31 may be at least partially disposed within the micro nozzle 30. The micro nozzle 30 may have an orifice 30a positioned at the front frame 25.
The front cover 28 may be disposed between the micro nozzle 30 and the front frame 25 with respect to the front-to-back axis 201. The sealing element 32 may be disposed between the needle 31 and the needle valve cover 34 with respect to the front-to-back axis 201. The needle valve cover 34 may include a first prong 34a and a second prong 34b that extend along the front-to-back axis 201. The first prong 34a and the second prong 34b of the needle valve cover 34 may slidingly engage along the front-to-back axis 201 with the first groove 33a and the second groove 33b of the process chamber 33, respectively. The needle valve cover 34 may include a first prong 34c and a second prong 34d. It will be understood that the second prong 34d, though not visible in the exploded view 1400, may be of a mirrored configuration of the first prong 34c, and may be disposed on a second outer face of the needle valve cover 34 opposite a first outer face of the needle valve cover 34 including the first prong 34c along the horizontal axis 203. The needle valve cover 34 may further be mechanically coupled to each of the needle 31 and the first spring 35 such that the needle valve cover 34 may be disposed between the needle 31 and the first spring 35 with respect to the front-to-back axis 201. The first spring 35 may bias the needle 31 to a fully seated position within the nozzle 30.
The head module 70 may further include an atomization actuator 20, a link rod 36, a hinged connector 27, and a body frame 26. The atomization actuator 20 may be depressible. The link rod 36 may extend along the vertical axis 202 from the head module 70 to the body module 60. Further, the link rod 36 may be selectively mechanically coupled to the atomization actuator 20 such that the atomization actuator 20 and the link rod 36 together may depress in a direction 1401 parallel to the vertical axis 202. The link rod 36 may include a link rod groove 36a disposed on a lower portion of the link rod 36 with respect to the vertical axis 202.
The hinged connector 27 may include a first pin 27a and a second pin 27b. It will be understood that the second pin 27b, though not visible in the exploded view 1400, may be of a mirrored configuration of the first pin 27a, and may be disposed on a second outer face of the hinged connector 27 opposite a first outer face of the hinged connector 27 including the first pin 27a along the horizontal axis 203. The hinged connector 27 may further include a first fin 27c and a second fin 27d that extend along the vertical axis 202. The hinged connector 27 may further include a connecting element 27e positioned along the front-to-back axis 201. The connecting element 27e may fit into the link rod groove 36a such that downward movement of the link rod 36 in the direction 1401 rotationally mechanically engages the hinged connector 27 via the connecting element 27e. Upon mechanical engagement, the hinged connector 27 may rotate in a direction 1402 around a rotational axis, where the rotational axis is parallel with the horizontal axis 203. The hinged connector 27 may then mechanically engage with the needle valve cover 34 to compress the first spring 35 in a direction 1403 parallel with the front-to-back axis 201. Specifically, the first fin 27c and the second fin 27d of the hinged connector 27 may contact the first prong 34c and the second prong 34d of the needle valve cover 34. When the first spring 35 is compressed, the needle 31 may be unseated from the fully seated position in the nozzle 30, moving in the direction 1403. When the composition stored in the composition chamber 21 has been passed to the process chamber 23, the needle 31 has been unseated from the fully seated position in the nozzle 30, and the motor (e.g., 6) of the air pump (e.g., 5) has been activated, the composition may interact with the air from the air pump 5 and exit the orifice 30a as the spray mist (e.g., 51).
The process chamber 33 may be surrounded by the body frame 26. The body frame 26 may include a first female acceptor element 26a and a second female acceptor element 26b. It will be understood that the second female acceptor element 26b, though not visible in the exploded view 1400, may be of a mirrored configuration of the first female acceptor element 26a, and may be disposed on a second outer face of the body frame 26 opposite a first outer face of the body frame 26 including the first female acceptor element 26a along the horizontal axis 203. The first female acceptor element 26a and the second female acceptor element 26b of the body frame 26 may receive the first pin 27a and the second pin 27b of the hinged connector 27, respectively.
The head module 70 may further include the first mechanical fastener 17a, the second mechanical fastener 17b, a second spring 23a, and a third spring 23b. The first mechanical fastener 17a may be biased to a first locked position via the second spring 23a. Further, the second mechanical fastener 17b may be biased to a second locked position via the third spring 23b. When the head module 70 is attached to the body module (e.g., 60), compression of the second spring 23a may disengage and release the first mechanical fastener 17a from the first mechanical fastener receiving element 16a of the body module 60. Further, when the head module 70 is attached to the body module 60, compression of the third spring 23b may disengage and release the second mechanical fastener 17b from the second mechanical fastener receiving element 16b of the body module 60.
The head module 70 may further include a plurality of fasteners 29. The plurality of fasteners 29 may hold various components of the body module 60 to one another.
Referring now to
The battery 8 may be positioned below the air pump 5 with respect to the vertical axis 202. Further, the air pump 5 may be positioned below the pump-to-head connector 4 with respect to the vertical axis 202. In the first cross-sectional view 1500, the PCB 13 is shown as partially obscured by the battery 8, the air pump 5, and the pump-to-head connector 4.
The second lid 18 may be positioned above the composition chamber 21 with respect to the vertical axis 202. In the first cross-sectional view 1500, the second lid 18 is shown as being engaged with the composition chamber 21. Further, the composition chamber 21 may be positioned above the process chamber 33 with respect to the vertical axis 202. The composition chamber 21 may include the composition passage 45 which may couple to the process chamber 33. As such, the process chamber 33 may be fluidically coupled to the composition chamber 21 via the composition passage 45. A composition stored in the composition chamber 21 may pass into the process chamber 33 and may exit the atomizer 50 via the orifice 30a during an atomization. Further, and as shown, the first fin 27c and the second fin 27d of the hinged connector 27 may contact the first prong 34c and the second prong 34d of the needle valve cover 34.
Referring now to
Various components of the body module 60 may be supported by one or more of the front body casing 9a, the bottom body casing 9b, and the back body casing 9c. The air pump 5 may be positioned below the pump-to-head connector 4 with respect to the vertical axis 202. The air pump 5 may include the air outlet 5a, which may couple to the air passage 46 of the process chamber 33. As such, the process chamber 33 may be fluidically coupled to the air pump 5 via the air passage 46 and the air outlet 5a.
The battery 8 may be positioned below the air pump 5 with respect to the vertical axis 202. The charging circuit board 11 may be positioned below the charging light source 12 with respect to the vertical axis 202. A charging port 37 may be included in the back body casing 9c such that an external power source may selectively couple to the charging circuit board 11. Further, an aperture 9d may be included in the back body casing 9c above the charging port 37 with respect to the vertical axis 202 such that the charging light source 12 may be visible, and may communicate the charging status of the battery 8. The PCB 13 may be positioned above the charging circuit board 11 with respect to the vertical axis 202. Further, the first spacer 14 may be disposed on a top portion of the PCB 13 relative to the vertical axis 202.
The atomization actuator 20 may be disposed above the link rod 36 with respect to the vertical axis 202. Further, the link rod 36 may be disposed above the first spacer 14 with respect to the vertical axis 202. Upon actuation (e.g., depression) of the atomization actuator 20, the link rod 36 may mechanically engage with the PCB 13 via the first spacer 14. The link rod groove 36a of the link rod 36 may further mechanically engage with the connecting element 27e of the hinged connector 27.
The second lid 18 may be positioned above the first lid 19 with respect to the vertical axis 202. Further, the first lid 19 may be positioned above the composition chamber 21 with respect to the vertical axis 202. In the second cross-sectional view 1600, the second lid 18 and the first lid 19 are shown as together being engaged with the composition chamber 21. The composition chamber 21 may be positioned above the process chamber 33 with respect to the vertical axis 202. The composition chamber 21 may include the composition passage 45 which may couple to the process chamber 33. As such, the process chamber 33 may be fluidically coupled to the composition chamber 21 via the composition passage 45. A composition stored in the composition chamber 21 may pass into the process chamber 33 and may exit the atomizer 50 via the orifice 30a of the nozzle 30 during an atomization. Specifically, upon compression of the first spring 35, the needle 31 may be unseated from the fully seated position in the nozzle 30, allowing the composition to exit the atomizer 50. Further, the needle valve cover 34, disposed between the needle 31 and the first spring 35 along the front-to-back axis 201, may move in tandem with the needle 31 and the compression of the first spring 35.
In this way, an atomizer may atomize one or more compositions to deliver one or more film layers to a cornea of an eye. The atomizer may include a head module and a body module, wherein the head module is detachable from the body module. In one example, multiple, interchangeable head modules may be respectively adapted to one of the one or more compositions. In another example, a single head module may apply multiple compositions by means of an adjustable nozzle. In this case, a radius of the nozzle may be adjusted based upon a viscosity of a selected composition. In either example head module, a speed of a motor of an air pump pumping air for the atomization may further be adjusted based upon the viscosity of the selected composition. The technical effect of controlling the atomization based upon the viscosity of the selected composition is that multiple compositions of varying viscosities may be applied utilizing a single device. Said another way, an identity of the composition may be utilized to determine one or more operating parameters of the atomizer such that a tear film may be generated and applied to the cornea of the eye which appropriately mimics biological tear film layers of varying viscosities.
In one example, a method for creating a biomimicry tear film on a cornea, the method comprising forming a multilayered tear film that includes forming a first smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer on the cornea. In a first example of the method, the method further includes wherein the first smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer is an adhesive layer. A second example of the method, optionally including the first example of the method, further includes wherein forming the multilayered tear film further includes forming a second smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer on the first smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer. A third example of the method, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples of the method, further includes wherein the second smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer is an aqueous layer. A fourth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through third examples of the method, further includes wherein forming the multilayered tear film further includes forming a third smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer on the second smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer. A fifth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through fourth examples of the method, further includes wherein the third smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer is an oil layer. A sixth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through fifth examples of the method, further includes wherein each of the first smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer, the second smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer, and the third smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer have a thickness ranging from a single molecule to several molecules (ranging from approximately a few microns to 250 microns), and wherein the thickness of each of the first smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer, the second smooth biomimicry tear film layer, and the third smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer is user-defined. A seventh example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through sixth examples of the method, further includes wherein the first smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer is formed from a first composition, wherein the second smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer is formed from a second composition, and wherein the third smooth conformal biomimicry tear film layer is formed from a third composition, wherein the first composition includes mucin or mucin-like proteins or molecules, wherein the second composition includes water and one or more electrolytes, and wherein the third composition comprises one or more of phospholipids, cholesterols, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, castor oil, mineral oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil, unsaturated lipids, hyaluronic acid, soy oil, petrolatum, waxes, anhydrous lanolin, lanolin, oleaginous ingredients, liposomes, ophthalmic emollients, demulcents, and synthetic materials. A eighth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through seventh examples of the method, further comprises using an atomizer to form the multilayered tear film. A ninth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through eighth examples of the method, further comprises using a microelectromechanical systems module to form the multilayered tear film. A tenth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through ninth examples of the method, further includes wherein the multilayered tear film that is formed is optically transparent.
In another example, a system for creating a biomimicry tear film on a cornea, the system comprising a first composition for forming a first layer of the biomimicry tear film, a second composition for forming a second layer of the biomimicry tear film, a third composition for forming a third layer of the biomimicry tear film, and an atomizer for atomizing and spraying the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition to create the biomimicry tear film on the cornea. In a first example of the system, the system further includes wherein the first composition includes mucin or mucin-like proteins or molecules that include a cytoplasmic domain, a membrane-spanning domain, and an extracellular domain. A second example of the system, optionally including the first example of the system, further includes wherein the second composition includes water and one or more electrolytes. A third example of the system, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples of the system, further includes wherein the third composition includes components selected from a group comprising phospholipids, cholesterols, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, castor oil, mineral oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil, unsaturated lipids, hyaluronic acid, soy oil, petrolatum, waxes, anhydrous lanolin, lanolin, oleaginous ingredients, liposomes, ophthalmic emollients, demulcents, and synthetic materials. A fourth example of the system, optionally including one or more of the first through third examples of the system, further includes wherein the third composition includes one or more lipid-soluble vitamins. A fifth example of the system, optionally including one or more of the first through fourth examples of the system, further comprises an air pump included within the atomizer, and wherein atomizing and spraying the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition includes activating the air pump. A sixth example of the system, optionally including one or more of the first through fifth examples of the system, further includes wherein the third layer comprises an outermost layer with respect to the cornea, wherein the first layer is disposed adjacent to the cornea, and wherein the second layer is disposed between the first layer and the third layer.
In another example, an apparatus for creating a biomimicry tear film on a cornea, the apparatus comprising an air pump operable via a motor, at least one composition chamber, and a controller that stores user-defined instructions for operating the air pump to atomize and spray a first composition to form a first layer on the cornea that comprises an adhesive layer of the biomimicry tear film, a second composition to form a second layer on the first layer that comprises an aqueous layer of the biomimicry tear film, and a third composition to form a third layer on the second layer that comprises an oil layer of the biomimicry tear film. In a first example of the apparatus, the apparatus further includes wherein the first composition includes mucin or mucin-like proteins or molecules that include a cytoplasmic domain, a membrane-spanning domain, and an extracellular domain, wherein the second composition includes water and one or more electrolytes, and wherein the third composition comprises one or more of phospholipids, cholesterols, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, castor oil, mineral oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil, unsaturated lipids, hyaluronic acid, soy oil, petrolatum, waxes, anhydrous lanolin, lanolin, oleaginous ingredients, liposomes, ophthalmic emollients, demulcents, and synthetic materials.
In another example, a method for treating dry eye syndrome using an atomizer comprises routing a composition stored in a composition chamber of the atomizer into a process chamber of the atomizer via a composition pathway, routing an air flow from an air pump that includes a motor into the process chamber via an air pathway, controlling a speed of a motor and in turn a rate of the air flow based on the composition stored in the composition chamber, establishing an exit pathway where a combination of the composition and the air flow exit the atomizer as a spray mist, and applying the spray mist to a cornea of a user of the atomizer. In a first example of the method, the method further includes wherein controlling the speed of the motor based on the composition further comprises increasing the speed of the motor as a viscosity of the composition increases, and decreasing a speed of the motor as the viscosity of the composition decreases. A second example of the method, optionally including the first example of the method, further includes wherein establishing the exit pathway includes controlling a needle valve assembly that includes a needle and a nozzle, the needle valve assembly included in the process chamber, and wherein controlling the needle valve assembly includes unseating the needle from a fully seated position in the nozzle to establish the exit pathway. A third example of the method, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples of the method, further includes wherein routing the composition stored in the composition chamber into the process chamber includes opening a valve that, when closed, prevents the composition from being routed into the process chamber. A fourth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through third examples of the method, further includes wherein routing the composition stored in the composition chamber into the process chamber includes opening a valve that, when closed, prevents the composition from being routed into the process chamber. A fifth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through fourth examples of the method, further includes wherein the composition is one of a first composition wherein the spray mist comprises a first spray mist, a second composition wherein the spray mist comprises a second spray mist and a third composition wherein the spray mist comprises a third spray mist, and wherein the first composition mimics an aqueous layer of a tear film, wherein the second composition mimics an oil layer of the tear film, and wherein the third composition mimics an adhesive layer of the tear film. A sixth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through fifth examples of the method, further includes wherein applying the spray mist further comprises sequentially applying the first spray mist followed by the second spray mist. A seventh example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through sixth examples of the method, further includes wherein applying the spray mist further comprises sequentially applying the third spray mist, followed by the first spray mist, which is then followed by the second spray mist.
In another example, a method for treating dry eye syndrome comprises receiving, via a controller of an atomizer, instructions pertaining to atomizing one of a first composition into a first spray mist, a second composition into a second spray mist and a third composition into a third spray mist, routing one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition into a process chamber of the atomizer based on the instructions, commanding, based on the instructions, a speed of a motor of an air pump to route an air flow into the process chamber, and where air and one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition exit the process chamber as one of the first spray mist, the second spray mist and the third spray mist, respectively, for application to a cornea of a user of the atomizer. In a first example of the method, the method further includes wherein the instructions pertaining to atomizing one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition are received at the controller from a customization application communicatively coupled to the controller. A second example of the method, optionally including the first example of the method, further includes wherein the first composition is stored in a first composition chamber of the atomizer, wherein the second composition is stored in a second composition chamber of the atomizer, and wherein the third composition is stored in a third composition chamber of the atomizer, and wherein routing one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition includes commanding open a first valve to fluidically couple the first composition chamber to the process chamber, commanding open a second valve to fluidically couple the second composition chamber to the process chamber and commanding open a third valve to fluidically couple the third composition chamber to the process chamber, respectively. A third example of the method, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples of the method, further includes wherein commanding the speed of the motor further comprises commanding the motor to a first speed for atomizing the first composition, commanding the motor to the second speed for atomizing the second composition, and commanding the motor to the third speed for atomizing the third composition. A fourth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through third examples of the method, further includes wherein air and one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition exit the process chamber via a nozzle, where a radius of the nozzle is adjustable, and wherein the controller further receives instructions for adjusting the radius of the nozzle as a function of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition. A fifth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through fourth examples of the method, further includes wherein the instructions for routing one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition to the process chamber further comprise instructions for routing an amount of one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition. A sixth example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through fifth examples of the method, further includes wherein the first composition includes water and electrolytes, wherein the second composition includes one of phospholipids, cholesterols, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, castor oil, mineral oil, fish oil, flaxseed oil, unsaturated lipids, hyaluronic acid, soy oil, petrolatum, waxes, anhydrous lanolin, lanolin, oleaginous ingredients, liposomes, ophthalmic emollients, demulcents, and synthetic materials, and wherein the third composition includes mucin or mucin-like proteins or molecules that include a cytoplasmic domain, a membrane-spanning domain, and an extracellular domain. A seventh example of the method, optionally including one or more of the first through sixth examples of the method, further includes wherein the instructions pertaining to atomizing one of the first composition, the second composition and the third composition further comprise instructions related to an order in which the first composition, the second composition and the third composition are atomized into the first spray mist, the second spray mist and the third spray mist, respectively.
In another example, an atomizer system for applying a spray mist to a cornea or skin comprises a remote computing device implementing a customization application, an atomizer that includes a plurality of composition chambers, an air pump operable via a motor, a process chamber that receives a composition from one of the plurality of composition chambers at a time and an air flow from the air pump, a nozzle that receives a mixture of the composition and the air flow for generating the spray mist, and a controller of the atomizer that receives a set of instructions for applying the spray mist from the customization application. In a first example of the atomizer system, the atomizer system further includes wherein the set of instructions include instructions for controlling one or more of a radius of the nozzle and a rate of the air flow provided to the process chamber. A second example of the atomizer system, optionally including the first example of the atomizer system, further includes wherein the set of instructions pertain to one or more of a desired amount of the composition to be applied, a desired sequence of application of compositions stored in the plurality of composition chambers, a desired droplet size of the spray mist, and a desired duration of application of the spray mist. A third example of the atomizer system, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples of the atomizer system, further includes wherein each of the plurality of composition chambers include a corresponding valve, and wherein the controller controls the corresponding valve based on the set of instructions.
In another example, an atomizer for administering a spray mist to a cornea or skin comprises a removable head module that includes a composition chamber and a process chamber, the process chamber fluidically coupled to the composition chamber via a composition passage, a body module that includes an air pump and a motor of the air pump for supplying air to the process chamber via an air passage, a needle valve assembly including a needle and a nozzle, the needle valve assembly included in the process chamber, and a controller included in the body module storing instructions for adjusting a speed of the motor as a function of a viscosity of a composition included in the composition chamber. In a first example of the atomizer, the atomizer may further comprise a rechargeable battery included within the body module for providing power to the motor. A second example of the atomizer, optionally including the first example of the atomizer, further comprises an atomization actuator coupled to the removable head module for actuating on the motor and unseating the needle from a fully seated position in the nozzle, where the spray mist exits the nozzle when the motor is activated and the needle is unseated. A third example of the atomizer, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples of the atomizer, further includes wherein the controller receives instructions for adjusting the speed of the motor from a customization application.
In another example, an atomizer for administering a spray mist to a cornea or skin comprises a composition cavity included in a head module of the atomizer, wherein the composition cavity includes a first composition chamber having a first valve, a second composition chamber having a second valve, and a third composition chamber having a third valve, a process chamber included in the head module that independently receives a first composition from the first composition compartment when the first valve is open, a second composition from the second composition compartment when the second valve is open, and a third composition from the third composition compartment when the third valve is open, a body module mechanically coupled to the head module, the body module including an air pump operable via a motor for supplying an air flow to the process chamber, and a nozzle fluidically coupled to the process chamber where one of the first composition, the second composition, and the third composition respectively exits the atomizer as one of a first spray mist, a second spray mist, and a third spray mist. In a first example of the atomizer, the atomizer further includes where the head module includes a first atomization actuator, a second atomization actuator, and a third atomization actuator, where actuation of the first atomization actuator activates the motor and opens the first valve that induces the first composition to flow into the process chamber, where actuation of the second atomization actuator activates the motor and opens the second valve that induces the second composition to flow into the process chamber, and where actuation of the third atomization actuator activates the motor and opens the third valve that induces the third composition to flow into the process chamber. A second example of the atomizer, optionally including the first example of the atomizer, further includes wherein the first valve comprises a first plunger extending through the first composition compartment that, when the first atomization actuator is actuated, results in displacement of the first plunger to fluidically couple the first composition compartment to the process chamber, wherein the second valve comprises a second plunger extending through the second composition compartment that, when the second atomization actuator is actuated, results in displacement of the second plunger to fluidically couple the second composition compartment to the process chamber, and wherein the third valve comprises a third plunger extending through the third composition compartment that, when the third atomization actuator is actuated, results in displacement of the third plunger to fluidically couple the third composition compartment to the process chamber. A third example of the atomizer, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples of the atomizer, further comprises a link rod that extends from the head module to the body module, a printed circuit board positioned in the body module, and where actuation of one of the first atomization actuator, the second atomization actuator, and the third atomization actuator induces movement of the link rod to mechanically couple the link rod to the printed circuit board that in turn activates the motor of the air pump to provide the air flow to the process chamber. A fourth example of the atomizer, optionally including one or more of the first through third examples of the atomizer, further includes wherein a radius of the nozzle are adjustable. A fifth example of the atomizer, optionally including one or more of the first through fourth examples of the atomizer, further includes where a speed of the motor is adjustable.
In another example, an atomizer for administering a spray mist onto a cornea or skin comprises a head module, a body module positioned below the head module with respect to a vertical axis of the atomizer, the body module removably coupled to the head module, a composition chamber included in the head module, a process chamber included in the head module, the process chamber positioned below the composition chamber with respect to the vertical axis, the process chamber fluidically coupled to the composition chamber via a composition passage, an air pump with a motor positioned in the body module, where the air pump is fluidically coupled to the process chamber via an air passage of the process chamber that extends along the vertical axis from the head module to the body module, a needle valve assembly included in the process chamber, the needle valve assembly including a needle and a nozzle with an orifice, the orifice positioned at a front frame of the head module and where the needle valve assembly extends along a front-to-back axis of the atomizer perpendicular to the vertical axis, a needle valve cover mechanically coupled to the needle, and a first spring connected to the needle valve cover that biases the needle to a fully seated position in the nozzle, an atomization actuator, a link rod extending along the vertical axis from the head module to the body module, the link rod selectively mechanically coupled to the atomization actuator, a hinged connector with a connecting element positioned along the front-to-back axis of the atomizer that fits into a link rod groove of the link rod, where movement of the link rod in a downward direction with respect to the vertical axis rotationally mechanically engages the hinged connector with the needle valve cover to compress the first spring and unseat the needle from the fully seated position in the nozzle, a printed circuit board included in the body module, wherein the downward direction of movement of the link rod mechanically engages the link rod with the printed circuit board to activate the motor to produce an air flow to the process chamber, and wherein a composition stored in the composition chamber flows through the process chamber and exits the orifice as the spray mist when the needle is unseated from the fully seated position while the motor is activated. In a first example of the atomizer, the atomizer further comprises a rechargeable battery included in the body module for providing power to the motor, the rechargeable battery positioned below the motor with respect to the vertical axis, a charging circuit board included behind the battery with respect to the front-to-back axis of the atomizer, a charging port for selectively coupling an external power source to the charging circuit board, the charging port included on a back face of the body module, and a charging light source electrically coupled to the charging circuit board and included on the back face of the body module above the charging port with respect to the vertical axis to indicate a charging status of the rechargeable battery. A second example of the atomizer, optionally including the first example of the atomizer, further comprises a power light source positioned on a front face of the body module that is illuminated in response to activation of the motor. A third example of the atomizer, optionally including one or both of the first and second examples of the atomizer, further comprises a first lid for the composition chamber that sealingly engages with an upper compartment of the composition chamber, and a second lid for the composition chamber that includes one or more male connectors extending from a bottom face of the second lid that sealingly engage with one or more female connectors associated with a top face of the first lid. A fourth example of the atomizer, optionally including one or more of the first through third examples of the atomizer, further includes wherein the first lid is composed of silicone. A fifth example of the atomizer, optionally including one or more of the first through fourth examples of the atomizer, further includes wherein the needle valve cover includes a first prong and a second prong, where the first prong and the second prong slidingly engage along the front-to-back axis with a first groove and a second groove, respectively, included on the process chamber, the first groove positioned on a first outer face of the process chamber and the second groove positioned on a second outer face of the process chamber. A sixth example of the atomizer, optionally including one or more of the first through fifth examples of the atomizer, further includes wherein the hinged connector includes a first fin and a second fin that extend along the vertical axis, and wherein engaging the hinged connector with the needle valve cover further comprises the first fin of the hinged connector contacting the first prong of the needle valve cover and the second fin of the hinged connector contacting the second prong of the needle valve cover. A seventh example of the atomizer, optionally including one or more of the first through sixth examples of the atomizer, further includes wherein the process chamber is surrounded by a body frame that includes two female acceptor elements for receiving two pins extending from the hinged connector. A eighth example of the atomizer, optionally including one or more of the first through seventh examples of the atomizer, further includes wherein a speed range of the motor is from 100 revolutions per minute to 110,000 revolutions per minute. A ninth example of the atomizer, optionally including one or more of the first through eighth examples of the atomizer, further comprises a first mechanical fastener and a second mechanical fastener coupled to a head casing of the head module, and a first mechanical fastener receiving element and a second mechanical fastener receiving element each positioned on a top face of the body module, where insertion of the first mechanical fastener into the first mechanical fastener receiving element and insertion of the second mechanical fastener into the second mechanical fastener receiving element mechanically couples the head module to the body module, and wherein the first mechanical fastener and the second mechanical fastener are biased to a first locked position and a second locked position, respectively, via a second spring and a third spring, and wherein compression of the second spring and the third spring disengages or releases the first mechanical fastener and the second mechanical fastener from the first mechanical fastener receiving element and the second mechanical fastener receiving element, respectively.
The following claims particularly point out certain combinations and sub-combinations regarded as novel and non-obvious. These claims may refer to “an” element or “a first” element or the equivalent thereof. Such claims should be understood to include incorporation of one or more such elements, neither requiring nor excluding two or more such elements. Other combinations and sub-combinations of the disclosed features, functions, elements, and/or properties may be claimed through amendment of the present claims or through presentation of new claims in this or a related application. Such claims, whether broader, narrower, equal, or different in scope to the original claims, also are regarded as included within the subject matter of the present disclosure.
This Application is a United States National Stage Application filed under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of PCT Patent Application Serial No. PCT/US2019/034008 filed on May 24, 2019, which claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 62/679,154 filed on Jun. 1, 2018, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2019/034008 | 5/24/2019 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/231853 | 12/5/2019 | WO | A |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20200315841 A1 | Oct 2020 | US |
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| 62679154 | Jun 2018 | US |
