Patent Grant
9462376
The present disclosure relates in general to adaptive noise cancellation in connection with an acoustic transducer, and more particularly, to detection and cancellation of ambient noise present in the vicinity of the acoustic transducer using both feedforward and feedback adaptive noise cancellation techniques and including monitoring of a secondary path estimate adaptive filter for modeling an electro-acoustic path for the acoustic transducer.
Wireless telephones, such as mobile/cellular telephones, cordless telephones, and other consumer audio devices, such as mp3 players, are in widespread use. Performance of such devices with respect to intelligibility can be improved by providing noise canceling using a microphone to measure ambient acoustic events and then using signal processing to insert an anti-noise signal into the output of the device to cancel the ambient acoustic events.
In a traditional hybrid adaptive noise cancellation system that includes both feedforward anti-noise and feedback anti-noise, an error microphone is used to generate an error microphone signal that measures a combined acoustic pressure at an acoustic transducer (e.g., loudspeaker) including playback of a source audio signal and ambient sounds. The error microphone signal is used to generate feedback anti-noise as well as adapt a feedforward adaptive filter for generating feedforward anti-noise from a reference microphone signal configured to measure ambient sounds.
In generating the feedback anti-noise, it is critical that the feedback noise cancelling system cancel only ambient noise at the error microphone, but not the playback signal. Accordingly, a feedback adaptive noise cancellation system will often generate a playback corrected error signal equal to the error microphone signal that is typically reduced by a filtered version of the source audio signal, wherein the filter estimates the secondary path, which is the electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal through an acoustic transducer. If modeled correctly, the playback corrected error signal will be approximately equal to the ambient noise level present at the acoustic transducer.
In traditional approaches, the secondary path is estimated using offline testing and characterization, on the assumption that the secondary path does not significantly change from user to user. However, in actual application, the acoustic environment around an audio device can change dramatically, depending on the sources of noise that are present, the position of the device itself, and the physical characteristics of the user, and it may be desirable to adapt noise cancellation to take into account such environmental changes.
In accordance with the teachings of the present disclosure, the disadvantages and problems associated with detection and reduction of ambient noise associated with an acoustic transducer may be reduced or eliminated.
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a personal audio device may include a personal audio device housing, a transducer, a reference microphone, an error microphone, and a processing circuit. The transducer may be coupled to the housing for reproducing an audio signal including both a source audio signal for playback to a listener and an anti-noise signal for countering the effects of ambient audio sounds in an acoustic output of the transducer. The reference microphone may be coupled to the housing for providing a reference microphone signal indicative of the ambient audio sounds. The error microphone may be coupled to the housing in proximity to the transducer for providing an error microphone signal indicative of the acoustic output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The processing circuit may implement a feedback filter having a response that generates a feedback anti-noise signal component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, and wherein the anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component, a secondary path estimate filter configured to model an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal and have a response that generates a secondary path estimate from the source audio signal, and a secondary coefficient control block that shapes the response of the secondary path estimate adaptive filter in conformity with the source audio signal and the playback corrected error by adapting the response of the secondary path estimate adaptive filter to minimize the playback corrected error.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for canceling ambient audio sounds in the proximity of a transducer of a personal audio device may include receiving a reference microphone signal indicative of the ambient audio sounds. The method may also include receiving an error microphone signal indicative of the output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The method may further include generating a source audio signal for playback to a listener. The method may additionally include generating a feedback anti-noise signal component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, countering the effects of ambient audio sounds at an acoustic output of the transducer, wherein an anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component. The method may also include adaptively generating the secondary path estimate from the source audio signal by filtering the source audio signal with a secondary path estimate adaptive filter modeling an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal and adapting the response of the secondary path estimate adaptive filter to minimize the playback corrected error. The method may further include combining the anti-noise signal with the source audio signal to generate an audio signal provided to the transducer.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, an integrated circuit for implementing at least a portion of a personal audio device may include an output, a reference microphone input, an error microphone input, and a processing circuit. The output may be for providing a signal to a transducer including both a source audio signal for playback to a listener and an anti-noise signal for countering the effect of ambient audio sounds in an acoustic output of the transducer. The reference microphone input may be for receiving a reference microphone signal indicative of the ambient audio sounds. The error microphone input may be for receiving an error microphone signal indicative of the output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The processing circuit may implement a feedback filter having a response that generates a feedback anti-noise signal component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, and wherein the anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component, a secondary path estimate filter configured to model an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal and have a response that generates a secondary path estimate from the source audio signal, and a secondary coefficient control block that shapes the response of the secondary path estimate adaptive filter in conformity with the source audio signal and the playback corrected error by adapting the response of the secondary path estimate adaptive filter to minimize the playback corrected error.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, a personal audio device may include a personal audio device housing, a transducer, an error microphone, and a processing circuit, The transducer may be coupled to the housing for reproducing an audio signal including both a source audio signal for playback to a listener and an anti-noise signal for countering the effects of ambient audio sounds in an acoustic output of the transducer. The error microphone may be coupled to the housing in proximity to the transducer for providing an error microphone signal indicative of the acoustic output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The processing circuit may implement a feedback filter having a response that generates a feedback anti-noise signal component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, and wherein the anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component; a secondary path estimate filter configured to model an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal and have a response that generates a secondary path estimate from the source audio signal; and a programmable feedback gain, wherein an increasing programmable feedback gain increases the feedback anti-noise signal component and a decreasing programmable feedback gain decreases the feedback anti-noise signal component.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for canceling ambient audio sounds in the proximity of a transducer of a personal audio device including receiving an error microphone signal indicative of the output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The method may also include generating a source audio signal for playback to a listener. The method may further include generating a feedback anti-noise signal component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, countering the effects of ambient audio sounds at an acoustic output of the transducer, wherein an anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component. The method may additionally include generating the secondary path estimate from the source audio signal by filtering the source audio signal with a secondary path estimate filter modeling an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal. The method may also include applying a programmable feedback gain to a path of the feedback anti-noise signal component, wherein an increasing programmable feedback gain increases the feedback anti-noise signal component and a decreasing programmable feedback gain decreases the feedback anti-noise signal component. The method may further include combining the anti-noise signal with a source audio signal to generate an audio signal provided to the transducer.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, an integrated circuit for implementing at least a portion of a personal audio device may include and output, an error microphone input, and a processing circuit. The output may be for providing a signal to a transducer including both a source audio signal for playback to a listener and an anti-noise signal for countering the effect of ambient audio sounds in an acoustic output of the transducer. The error microphone input may be for receiving an error microphone signal indicative of the output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The processing circuit may implement a feedback filter having a response that generates a feedback anti-noise signal component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, and wherein the anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component; a secondary path estimate filter configured to model an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal and have a response that generates a secondary path estimate from the source audio signal; and a programmable feedback gain, wherein an increasing programmable feedback gain increases the feedback anti-noise signal component and a decreasing programmable feedback gain decreases the feedback anti-noise signal component.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, a personal audio device may include a personal audio device housing, a transducer, a reference microphone, an error microphone, and a processing circuit. The transducer may be coupled to the housing for reproducing an audio signal including both a source audio signal for playback to a listener and an anti-noise signal for countering the effects of ambient audio sounds in an acoustic output of the transducer. The reference microphone may be coupled to the housing for providing a reference microphone signal indicative of the ambient audio sounds. The error microphone may be coupled to the housing in proximity to the transducer for providing an error microphone signal indicative of the acoustic output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The processing circuit may implement a feedback filter having a response that generates a feedback anti-noise signal component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, a feedforward filter having a response that generates a feedforward anti-noise signal component from the reference microphone signal, wherein the anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component and the feedforward anti-noise signal component, wherein the feedforward filter is configured to be disabled from generating the feedforward anti-noise signal component responsive to a disturbance in the reference microphone signal, and a secondary path estimate filter configured to model an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal and have a response that generates a secondary path estimate from the source audio signal.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for canceling ambient audio sounds in the proximity of a transducer of a personal audio device may include receiving a reference microphone signal indicative of the ambient audio sounds. The method may also include receiving an error microphone signal indicative of the output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The method may further include generating a source audio signal for playback to a listener. The method may additionally include generating a feedback anti-noise signal component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, countering the effects of ambient audio sounds at an acoustic output of the transducer, wherein an anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component. The method may also include generating the secondary path estimate from the source audio signal by filtering the source audio signal with a secondary path estimate filter modeling an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal. The method may further include generating a feedforward anti-noise signal component, from a result of the measuring with the reference microphone, countering the effects of ambient audio sounds at an acoustic output of the transducer by filtering with a feedforward filter an output of the reference microphone, wherein the anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component and the feedforward anti-noise signal component. The method may additionally include disabling the feedforward filter from generating the feedforward anti-noise signal component responsive to a disturbance in the reference microphone signal. The method may also include combining the anti-noise signal with a source audio signal to generate an audio signal provided to the transducer.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, an integrated circuit for implementing at least a portion of a personal audio device may include an output, a reference microphone input, an error microphone input, and a processing circuit. The output may be for providing a signal to a transducer including both a source audio signal for playback to a listener and an anti-noise signal for countering the effect of ambient audio sounds in an acoustic output of the transducer. The reference microphone input may be for receiving a reference microphone signal indicative of the ambient audio sounds. The error microphone input may be for receiving an error microphone signal indicative of the output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The processing circuit may implement a feedback filter having a response that generates a feedback anti-noise signal component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, a feedforward filter having a response that generates a feedforward anti-noise signal component from the reference microphone signal, wherein the anti-noise signal comprises at least the feedback anti-noise signal component and the feedforward anti-noise signal component, wherein the feedforward filter is configured to be disabled from generating the feedforward anti-noise signal component responsive to a disturbance in the reference microphone signal, and a secondary path estimate filter configured to model an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal and have a response that generates a secondary path estimate from the source audio signal.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, a personal audio device may include a personal audio device housing, a transducer, a reference microphone, an error microphone, and a processing circuit. The transducer may be coupled to the housing for reproducing an audio signal including both a source audio signal for playback to a listener and an anti-noise signal for countering the effects of ambient audio sounds in an acoustic output of the transducer. The reference microphone may be coupled to the housing for providing a reference microphone signal indicative of the ambient audio sounds. The error microphone may be coupled to the housing in proximity to the transducer for providing an error microphone signal indicative of the acoustic output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The processing circuit may implement at least one of: a feedback filter having a response that generates at least a portion of the anti-noise component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate; and a feedforward filter having a response that generates at least a portion of the anti-noise signal from the reference microphone signal. The processing circuit may also implement a secondary path estimate filter configured to model an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal and have a response that generates a secondary path estimate from the source audio signal and a secondary path estimate performance monitor for monitoring performance of the secondary path estimate filter in modeling the electro-acoustic path.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for canceling ambient audio sounds in the proximity of a transducer of a personal audio device may include receiving a reference microphone signal indicative of the ambient audio sounds. The method may also include receiving an error microphone signal indicative of the output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The method may further include generating a source audio signal for playback to a listener. The method may additionally include generating an anti-noise signal, comprising at least one of: generating a feedback anti-noise signal component comprising at least a portion of the anti-noise signal from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate, countering the effects of ambient audio sounds at an acoustic output of the transducer; and generating a feedforward anti-noise signal component comprising at least a portion of the anti-noise signal, from a result of the measuring with the reference microphone, countering the effects of ambient audio sounds at an acoustic output of the transducer by filtering an output of the reference microphone. The method may also include generating the secondary path estimate from the source audio signal by filtering the source audio signal with a secondary path estimate filter modeling an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal. The method may further include monitoring with a secondary path estimate performance monitor performance of the secondary path estimate filter in modeling the electro-acoustic path. The method may additionally include combining the anti-noise signal with a source audio signal to generate an audio signal provided to the transducer.
In accordance with these and other embodiments of the present disclosure, an integrated circuit for implementing at least a portion of a personal audio device may include an output, a reference microphone input, an error microphone input, and a processing circuit. The output may be for providing a signal to a transducer including both a source audio signal for playback to a listener and an anti-noise signal for countering the effect of ambient audio sounds in an acoustic output of the transducer. The reference microphone input may be for receiving a reference microphone signal indicative of the ambient audio sounds. The error microphone input may be for receiving an error microphone signal indicative of the output of the transducer and the ambient audio sounds at the transducer. The processing circuit may implement at least one of: a feedback filter having a response that generates at least a portion of the anti-noise component from a playback corrected error, the playback corrected error based on a difference between the error microphone signal and a secondary path estimate; and a feedforward filter having a response that generates at least a portion of the anti-noise signal from the reference microphone signal. The processing circuit may also implement a secondary path estimate filter configured to model an electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal and have a response that generates a secondary path estimate from the source audio signal and a secondary path estimate performance monitor for monitoring performance of the secondary path estimate filter in modeling the electro-acoustic path.
Technical advantages of the present disclosure may be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art from the figures, description and claims included herein. The objects and advantages of the embodiments will be realized and achieved at least by the elements, features, and combinations particularly pointed out in the claims.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are examples and explanatory and are not restrictive of the claims set forth in this disclosure.
A more complete understanding of the present embodiments and advantages thereof may be acquired by referring to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numbers indicate like features, and wherein:
The present disclosure encompasses noise canceling techniques and circuits that can be implemented in a personal audio device, such as a wireless telephone. The personal audio device includes an ANC circuit that may measure the ambient acoustic environment and generate a signal that is injected in the speaker (or other transducer) output to cancel ambient acoustic events. A reference microphone may be provided to measure the ambient acoustic environment and an error microphone may be included for controlling the adaptation of the anti-noise signal to cancel the ambient audio sounds and for correcting for the electro-acoustic path from the output of the processing circuit through the transducer.
Referring now to
Wireless telephone 10 may include ANC circuits and features that inject an anti-noise signal into speaker SPKR to improve intelligibility of the distant speech and other audio reproduced by speaker SPKR. A reference microphone R may be provided for measuring the ambient acoustic environment, and may be positioned away from the typical position of a user's mouth, so that the near-end speech may be minimized in the signal produced by reference microphone R. Another microphone, error microphone E, may be provided in order to further improve the ANC operation by providing a measure of the ambient audio combined with the audio reproduced by speaker SPKR close to ear 5, when wireless telephone 10 is in close proximity to ear 5. In different embodiments, additional reference and/or error microphones may be employed. Circuit 14 within wireless telephone 10 may include an audio CODEC integrated circuit (IC) 20 that receives the signals from reference microphone R, near-speech microphone NS, and error microphone E and interfaces with other integrated circuits such as a radio-frequency (RF) integrated circuit 12 having a wireless telephone transceiver. In some embodiments of the disclosure, the circuits and techniques disclosed herein may be incorporated in a single integrated circuit that includes control circuits and other functionality for implementing the entirety of the personal audio device, such as an MP3 player-on-a-chip integrated circuit. In these and other embodiments, the circuits and techniques disclosed herein may be implemented partially or fully in software and/or firmware embodied in computer-readable media and executable by a controller or other processing device.
In general, ANC techniques of the present disclosure measure ambient acoustic events (as opposed to the output of speaker SPKR and/or the near-end speech) impinging on reference microphone R, and by also measuring the same ambient acoustic events impinging on error microphone E, ANC processing circuits of wireless telephone 10 adapt an anti-noise signal generated from the output of reference microphone R to have a characteristic that minimizes the amplitude of the ambient acoustic events at error microphone E. Because acoustic path P(z) extends from reference microphone R to error microphone E, ANC circuits are effectively estimating acoustic path P(z) while removing effects of an electro-acoustic path S(z) that represents the response of the audio output circuits of CODEC IC 20 and the acoustic/electric transfer function of speaker SPKR including the coupling between speaker SPKR and error microphone E in the particular acoustic environment, which may be affected by the proximity and structure of ear 5 and other physical objects and human head structures that may be in proximity to wireless telephone 10, when wireless telephone 10 is not firmly pressed to ear 5. While the illustrated wireless telephone 10 includes a two-microphone ANC system with a third near-speech microphone NS, some aspects of the present invention may be practiced in a system that does not include separate error and reference microphones, or a wireless telephone that uses near-speech microphone NS to perform the function of the reference microphone R. Also, in personal audio devices designed only for audio playback, near-speech microphone NS will generally not be included, and the near-speech signal paths in the circuits described in further detail below may be omitted, without changing the scope of the disclosure, other than to limit the options provided for input to the microphone covering detection schemes.
Referring now to
Combox 16 or another portion of headphone assembly 13 may have a near-speech microphone NS that may capture near-end speech in addition to or in lieu of near-speech microphone NS of wireless telephone 10. In addition, each headphone 18A, 18B may include a transducer such as speaker SPKR that reproduces distant speech received by wireless telephone 10, along with other local audio events such as ringtones, stored audio program material, injection of near-end speech (i.e., the speech of the user of wireless telephone 10) to provide a balanced conversational perception, and other audio that requires reproduction by wireless telephone 10, such as sources from webpages or other network communications received by wireless telephone 10 and audio indications such as a low battery indication and other system event notifications. Each headphone 18A, 18B may include a reference microphone R for measuring the ambient acoustic environment and an error microphone E for measuring of the ambient audio combined with the audio reproduced by speaker SPKR close a listener's ear when such headphone 18A, 18B is engaged with the listener's ear. In some embodiments, CODEC IC 20 may receive the signals from reference microphone R, near-speech microphone NS, and error microphone E of each headphone and perform adaptive noise cancellation for each headphone as described herein. In other embodiments, a CODEC IC or another circuit may be present within headphone assembly 13, communicatively coupled to reference microphone R, near-speech microphone NS, and error microphone E, and configured to perform adaptive noise cancellation as described herein.
Referring now to
As shown in
Referring now to
To implement the above, adaptive filter 34A may have coefficients controlled by SE coefficient control block 33, which may compare downlink audio signal ds and/or internal audio signal ia and error microphone signal err after removal of the above-described filtered downlink audio signal ds and/or internal audio signal ia, that has been filtered by adaptive filter 34A to represent the expected downlink audio delivered to error microphone E, and which is removed from the output of adaptive filter 34A by a combiner 36 to generate a playback-corrected error, shown as PBCE in
As shown in
As depicted in
Although feedback filter 44 and gain element 46 are shown as separate components of ANC circuit 30, in some embodiments some structure and/or function of feedback filter 44 and gain element 46 may be combined. For example, in some of such embodiments, an effective gain of feedback filter 44 may be varied via control of one or more filter coefficients of feedback filter 44.
As shown in
Responsive to a determination by a secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 that secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A is not sufficiently modeling the electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal for a frequency range of sound, one or more components of CODEC IC 20 may perform an action. For example, responsive to a determination that secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A is not sufficiently modeling the electro-acoustic path in a frequency range, compensating filter 28 may boost a source audio signal comprising signals ds and/or is within the frequency range. As another example, responsive to a determination that secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A is not sufficiently modeling the electro-acoustic path in a frequency range, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may disable feedback filter 44 from generating the feedback anti-noise component and/or reduce the effective gain of feedback filter 44 (e.g., relative to the effective gain employed when secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A is sufficiently modeling the electro-acoustic path) by modifying the gain of gain element 46. As another example, responsive to a determination that secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A is not sufficiently modeling the electro-acoustic path in a frequency range, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may disable adaptive filter 32 from adapting, may mute adaptive filter 32 (e.g., disable it from generating the feedforward anti-noise component), and/or may reset adaptive filter 32.
To determine whether or not secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A is not sufficiently modeling the electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may calculate a secondary index performance index (SEPI) defined as:
SEPI=10 log 10(PE/PCE)
where PE is an estimated power of error microphone signal err and PCE is the power estimate of the playback corrected error PBCE. The above equation for SEPI may be rewritten as:
SEPI=10 log 10[(PAmbient+P(PB·S(z)))/(PAmbient+P(PB·S(z)−SE(z)))]
where PAmbient is P an estimated power of the ambient noise and “PB” connotes the power is related to the source audio signal. When ambient noise is low, SEPI is directly related to the secondary path estimation SE(z). Thus, the higher SEPI, the better the secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A (e.g., SE(z)) is modeling the electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal (e.g., S(z)). When ambient noise is not low:
SEPI=10 log 10[(1+P(PB·S(z))/PAmbient)/(1+P(PB·S(z)−SE(z)/PAmbient)]
which may be rewritten as:
SEPI=10 log 10[(1+SNR)/(1+SNR·Model Error)]
where SNR is a signal-to-noise ratio wherein “signal” refers to the playback corrected error signal and “noise” refers to any other signal sensed by the error microphone E, and the Model Error is a value indicative of the error between SE(z) and S(z). When the Model Error is higher, SEPI is lower, and vice versa. Thus, by monitoring SEPI, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 is effectively monitoring the signal-to-noise ratio of error microphone signal err together with the difference between SE(z) and S(z).
In order to provide a more accurate measure of the performance of secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may “smooth” its calculation of SEPI in order to filter out variations in the instantaneous calculation of SEPI. Thus, a smoothed SEPI, represented as SEPIsmooth, may equal a low-pass filtered, averaged, or rolling averaged version of instantaneous SEPI calculations. To increase system response speed, the instantaneous SEPI calculation may be used rather than SEPIsmooth when the instantaneous SEPI calculation falls below a predetermined minimum threshold or rises above a predetermined maximum threshold.
When SEPIsmooth is low, such an index value may mean that either the current signal-to-noise ratio is low for the secondary path estimation, or the secondary path estimation is not adequately modeling the electro-acoustic path of the source audio signal. In either event, it may not be desirable to adapt adaptive filter 32 and response W(z) during such time. Thus, when SEPIsmooth is above a minimum performance threshold, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may take no actions on other components of CODEC IC 20. However, when SEPIsmooth falls below such minimum performance threshold (e.g., indicating that response SE(z) is not well-adapted), secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may disable adaptive filter 32 and response W(z) from adapting, as well as taking any or all of the other actions described herein as taking place responsive to a determination that secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A is not sufficiently modeling the electro-acoustic path, until such time as SEPIsmooth again rises above the minimum performance threshold. If SEPIsmooth further falls below a reset threshold lower than the minimum performance threshold (e.g., indicating that SE(z) is much different than S(z), as may occur when a headphone 18A or 18B is removed from a listener's ear), the response W(z) may be reset and adaptive filter 32 may be disabled from generating the feedforward anti-noise component, as the then-current response W(z) may be based on a largely incorrect SE(z).
To effectively calculate SEPI, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 requires a source audio signal (e.g., downlink speech signal ds and/or internal audio signal ia). Thus, without a source audio signal, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 cannot effectively monitor the performance of secondary path estimate filter 34A. However, such inability to monitor may not be problematic in embodiments of ANC circuit 30 in which adaptive filter 32 adapts only when a source audio signal is present. Nonetheless, even in the absence of a source audio signal, it may be desirable to determine whether or not a headphone 18A, 18B has become disengaged from a listener's ear. Thus, to make such determination, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may examine a power ratio R(z) between reference signal ref and error microphone signal err at various frequencies. When adaptive filter 32 and secondary path estimate filter 34A effectively model the path between the reference microphone and the error microphone, the value of the power ratio R(z) should be small (e.g., near 1) in the absence of a source audio signal. However, if response SE(z) should change and cease effectively modeling response S(z), the value of power ratio R(z) may increase. By tracking the power ratio R(z) over various frequency bands, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may be able to make a determination of whether a headphone 18A, 18B is loose fitting, engaged with a listener's ear, disengaged with a listener's ear, a speaker thereof is covered by a portion of the listener's anatomy, and/or other conditions. As an example, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may determine that one or more of such conditions has occurred if the power ratio R(z) exceeds a threshold power ratio T(z) in a particular frequency band, where T(z) is determined by tracking the power ratio R(z) in well-trained settings (e.g., when a source audio signal is available). In response to the occurrence of any of such conditions or a determination that the power ratio R(z) exceeds a threshold power ratio T(z) in a particular frequency band, secondary path estimate performance monitor 48 may take any or all of the other actions described herein as taking place responsive to a determination that secondary path estimate adaptive filter 34A is not sufficiently modeling the electro-acoustic path.
This disclosure encompasses all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend. Similarly, where appropriate, the appended claims encompass all changes, substitutions, variations, alterations, and modifications to the example embodiments herein that a person having ordinary skill in the art would comprehend. Moreover, reference in the appended claims to an apparatus or system or a component of an apparatus or system being adapted to, arranged to, capable of, configured to, enabled to, operable to, or operative to perform a particular function encompasses that apparatus, system, or component, whether or not it or that particular function is activated, turned on, or unlocked, as long as that apparatus, system, or component is so adapted, arranged, capable, configured, enabled, operable, or operative.
All examples and conditional language recited herein are intended for pedagogical objects to aid the reader in understanding the invention and the concepts contributed by the inventor to furthering the art, and are construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited examples and conditions. Although embodiments of the present inventions have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations could be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.
The present disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/812,384, filed Apr. 16, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The present disclosure claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/813,426, filed Apr. 18, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The present disclosure also claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/818,150, filed May 1, 2013, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20140307887 A1 | Oct 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 61812384 | Apr 2013 | US | |
| 61813426 | Apr 2013 | US | |
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