Patent Application
20140210669
A current aircraft antenna system includes two two-element antenna devices—one located on the top of the aircraft and one located on the bottom of the aircraft. These antennas transmit and receive signals (e.g., traffic collision-avoidance system (TCAS)) with other aircraft. According to the phase difference of the signals received at both two element antennas, the bearing of the source of the signal can be determined. However, determination of phase difference may not always be possible, due to signal quality. In this situation, bearing cannot be accurately determined.
The present invention provides systems and methods for improving bearing availability and accuracy in a traffic collision-avoidance system (TCAS). In an exemplary method, if only a single phase-difference value is received for one of two two-element antennas, a processor determines an expected maximum antenna element phase-difference value for the elements of the two-element antenna that did not receive a phase-difference value for a target signal source; estimates a phase-difference value for the two-element antenna that did not include a phase-difference value, based on the expected maximum antenna element phase-difference value and a previously determined predicted bearing value; and calculates bearing based on the estimated phase-difference value and a phase-difference value received from the other two-element antenna. The determination is based on previously received signals associated with the target signal source and based on elevation information of the target signal source and a predefined maximum antenna element phase-difference value for the respective antenna element pair. An output device outputs information associated with the calculated bearing.
Preferred and alternative embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:
The aircraft 10 may be of various types (e.g., fixed-wing, unmanned, vertical takeoff and landing, etc.).
As shown in
Then, a couple of determinations are made, at decision blocks 90, 94, 102, to determine if phase-difference values have not been received for one or both of the pairs of antenna elements (the antennas 24, 26). At a block 96, phase-difference values have not been received at either the top or bottom antennas 24, 26, so the processor 30 is placed in a coasting mode. In the coasting mode, the information in the existing bearing filter is used to update location information for targets.
When only the bottom antenna's phase-difference value is received, then, at block 100, the top antenna's phase-difference value is determined based on the predicted bearing value, the elevation of the target as determined using the position information and/or orientation information of the host aircraft, and the received range and altitude information of the target (source).
When only the top antenna's phase-difference value is received, then, at block 104, the bottom antenna's phase-difference value is determined based on the predicted bearing value, the elevation of the target as determined using the position information of the host aircraft, and the received range and altitude information of the target.
After the missing phase-difference information has been determined or if phase-difference information was not missing, then, at a block 106, bearing is estimated as normal but with the received or newly determined phase-difference values. Next, at a block 108, the bearing filter is updated with the estimated bearing.
The following shows an embodiment of an exemplary bearing tracking algorithm.
Step 1
At time moment, the bearing filter is initialized, so bearing ( ) for is predicted.
Step 2
At time moment a reply is received that provides range, altitude, and top and bottom antenna element phase difference (and). The phase difference for one or both antennas may or may not be available.
Depending on elevation angle of the reply source, maximum antenna element phase difference is calculated as follows:
where is the magnitude of the maximum and minimum phase excursion (i.e., maximum antenna element phase difference) given by antenna element spacing for zero elevation angle, is elevation angle to the other traffic relative to the plane of the antenna.
Step 3
If erence of one of the antenna element pairs) is missed then it is calculated as follows:
If erence of the other of the antenna element pairs) is missed then it is calculated as follows:
Step 4
The bearing ( ) is estimated as follows:
where is a two-argument function representing an angle between positive axis and a line starting at and ending at.
Step 5
The bearing filter is updated with the bearing ( ).
In one embodiment, a filter that predicts the target signal source's bearing based on the physical dynamics of the target relative to the system's own aircraft is used in order to increase the probability of maintaining an accurate bearing estimation for the target signal source.
While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, as noted above, many changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is not limited by the disclosure of the preferred embodiment. Instead, the invention should be determined entirely by reference to the claims that follow.
