Patent Application
20180027794
Embodiments of the technology relate, in general, to insect detection technology, and in particular to systems and methods for effective monitoring and trapping of insect populations.
The bed bug, Cimex lectularius of the Family Cimicidae, has been a blood-sucking pest for many generations. The adult bed bug's key features are a length of 6-9 mm, with a flattened, oval, wingless shape and reddish-brown color. They lack tarsal pads and are required to climb vertical surfaces using tarsal hooks that they embed in suitably rough material. Bed bugs are primarily active at night but are not considered to be exclusively nocturnal. They hide in unnoticed crevices and fabric seams which make their detection difficult.
Most U.S. homeowners of the last generation have not had to deal with bed bugs due to the widespread use of DDT in the 1940s and 1950s as well as other pesticides in later years. However, the effectiveness of DDT and other pesticides was quickly reduced as bed bugs became resistant to each pesticide as the use of each became more prevalent. The resistance to pesticides among bed bug populations has caused a resurgence in bed bugs and dramatically increased infestations, especially in hotels, resorts, college dormitories, and apartments.
An insect trap can include a first planar surface, the first planar surface having a retention flap and a flange, where the first planar surface, the retention flap, and the flange can cooperate to define a pouch. The insect trap can include a second planar surface, the second planar surface being substantially parallel to the first planar surface, where at least a portion of the second planar surface can include a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive. The insect trap can include a plurality of spacers, the spacers being positioned between the first planar surface and the second planar surface such that the first planar surface and the second planar surface are spaced apart, and an attractant pad, the attractant pad containing a carbon dioxide generating material, where the attractant pad can be selectively removable from the pouch.
An insect trap can include a first planar surface and a second planar surface, the second planar surface being substantially parallel to the first planar surface, where at least a portion of the second planar surface can include a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive. The insect trap can include a plurality of attractant pads, the plurality of attractant pads being positioned between the first planar surface and the second planar surface such that the first planar surface and the second planar surface are spaced apart, where the plurality of attractant pads contain a carbon dioxide generating material.
The present disclosure will be more readily understood from a detailed description of some example embodiments taken in conjunction with the following figures:
Various non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described to provide an overall understanding of the principles of the structure, function, and use of the apparatuses, systems, methods, and processes disclosed herein. One or more examples of these non-limiting embodiments are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that systems and methods specifically described herein and illustrated in the accompanying drawings are non-limiting embodiments. The features illustrated or described in connection with one non-limiting embodiment may be combined with the features of other non-limiting embodiments. Such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure.
Insect infestations (e.g., bed bugs) are undergoing a huge resurgence around the globe and there is a need for an effective monitoring system that can allow for the early detection of bed bugs (or other insect pests) before the insect populations have a chance to become well established and begin to spread. Example embodiments of traps, detectors, or monitors can, for example, allow residents, building managers, or pest control technicians to detect, track, and document insect population levels over time. Example systems and methods can also assist in verifying and validating the killing effectiveness of other pest control programs such as chemical sprays, baits, heaters, steam treatments, and the like.
Example systems, including those described herein, can improve the effective surface area of a monitor or trap by avoiding or limiting the use of beads of PSA in traps, where such configurations may limit the effectiveness in trapping insects and may waste PSA. Example embodiments can include wide openings and can eliminate ramps and other barriers that may require additional effort for insects to enter a trap. Insects may naturally follow the path of least resistance and may veer away when encountering such obstacles. It will be appreciated that embodiments are described by way of example only, where ramps (as shown, for example, in
Example systems can include adhesive on multiple surfaces, where applying adhesive to only one surface may limit the useable orientation of a trap or monitor. For example, providing a single adhesive surface may make a trap ineffective when used upside down and only minimally effective if oriented vertically. Adhesive mounting strips can also be positioned on the exterior of a trap or monitor, which can make the trap or monitor useful in a wide variety of applications other than simply resting on a flat surface. Example embodiments can be coated on part or substantially all of the exterior of a trap with adhesive, where such traps can be omni-directional and can include a peel and stick backing that can make such traps equally effective for application at any angle on any surface. It will be appreciated that any combination of adhesive, PSA, insect attractant, design, and configuration is contemplated.
Example embodiments can include closed designs that can reduce or eliminate exposed adhesive trapping areas such that, when traps are placed in situ, the likelihood that such surfaces can be touched or interfered with by adults, children, or pets is reduced. Such embodiments may also have a longer effective life as exposed adhesive can quickly become ineffective due to other outside factors, such as ambient dust.
Reference throughout the specification to “various embodiments,” “some embodiments,” “one embodiment,” “some example embodiments,” “one example embodiment,” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with any embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in various embodiments,” “in some embodiments,” “in one embodiment,” “some example embodiments,” “one example embodiment,” or “in an embodiment” in places throughout the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Described herein are example embodiments of apparatuses, systems, and methods for insect detection, extermination, trapping, or monitoring. In one example embodiment, a trap can be provided that can both attract and trap insects. In some embodiments, a trap can be provided that can attract insects, such as bed bugs, using carbon dioxide or heat. In some embodiments, a trap can be provided that can trap insects such as bed bugs using a PSA (pressure sensitive adhesive). Certain embodiments can include an insect monitoring device that can trap and hold insects in a viewable housing with internal coatings of non-drying adhesives or PSA.
The examples discussed herein are examples only and are provided to assist in the explanation of the apparatuses, devices, systems and methods described herein. None of the features or components shown in the drawings or discussed below should be taken as mandatory for any specific implementation of any of these the apparatuses, devices, systems or methods unless specifically designated as mandatory. For ease of reading and clarity, certain components, modules, or methods may be described solely in connection with a specific figure. Any failure to specifically describe a combination or sub-combination of components should not be understood as an indication that any combination or sub-combination is not possible. Also, for any methods described, regardless of whether the method is described in conjunction with a flow diagram, it should be understood that unless otherwise specified or required by context, any explicit or implicit ordering of steps performed in the execution of a method does not imply that those steps must be performed in the order presented but instead may be performed in a different order or in parallel.
Example systems described herein can optimize the height dimension within a monitor trap to leverage the natural instinct of target insects to cluster together in tight spaces, which can make the traps attractive as a nesting and harboring space. Example embodiments can allow for viewing of entrapped insects by the use of optically clear PSA or optically clear construct films. Example embodiments can include an open perimeter design that can have central support spacers that can allow 360 degrees of access by insects, where such embodiments may eliminate access deterrents such as climbing ramps or narrowed openings. Embodiments can include an omni-directional trap design, which can allow for a wide variety of trap placement options in any plane of orientation. Example embodiments can include a relatively large surface area of the PSA entrapment glues. Example embodiments can eliminate or reduce a user's contact with PSA glues or trapped insects before, during, or after use. Example embodiments can include a simple construction and design that can use design for manufacture principles that can enable high-speed production and may reduce manufacturing costs.
Referring now to
In an example embodiment, the first planar surface 12 can include a retention flap 22 and flange 24, such that the retention flap 22 can selectively engage the flange 24 to define a pouch, cavity, or compartment 26 in combination with the first planar surface 12. The compartment 26 can be configured to retain an insect attractant such as, for example, an attractant pad 28 that can be selectively removable from the compartment 26. The attractant pad 28 can include a carbon dioxide generating material where, in an example embodiment, the attractant pad 28 can be wetted by a user to activate the carbon dioxide generating material before inserting the attractant pad 28 into the compartment 26. Combinations that can be used to create carbon dioxide can include yeast fermentation, combining yeast, sugar and water in a fermenting process, combining baking soda and vinegar, combining bicarbonates and water, combining citric acid flakes, baking soda and water, melting dry ice, combining calcium carbonate with an acid, using fungus for microbial fermentation of carbon dioxide, reducing iron from its oxides (exothermic rust formation), combining hydrochloric acid with limestone or chalk (calcium carbonate), or combinations thereof. Other chemicals or compounds such as sugars or pheromones can also be used or can be used independently.
The attractant pad 28 can be selectively removable from the trap 10 such that multiple attractant pads 28 can be used with the same trap 10 over time. Carbon dioxide is an attractant for many insects, where including an attractant pad 28 may draw insects into the trap 10 for capture on the coating 16. It will be appreciated that any suitable attractant is contemplated including chemical attractants, pheromones, or heat. In an example embodiment, the attractant pad can include a heating element, such as a heating element that is activated when exposed to air, to draw insects into a trap. It will be appreciated that any suitable number of attractant pads 28, compartments 26, materials, or the like are contemplated in any suitable configuration. Such attractant pads 28 can be specific for a particular species of insect or can be broad spectrum.
In one example, a coating can be placed on a first planar surface, a second planar surface, and a plurality of spacers, which can allow for the entire interior surface of the trap to be used as a trapping surface for insects and can reduce or eliminate exposed PSA on the exterior of the trap. In an example embodiment, the trap 10 can be easily placed across a broad range of locations and orientations such as under mattresses, between couch cushions, behind pictures and headboards, on bedframes and furniture legs, inside luggage or drawers, etc. The trap 10, in one embodiment, can be easily handled without the user contacting any PSA, or other active or adhesive material, which may make the trap 10 appealing to users with children or pets.
The trap 10 can be configured with a low-profile and an open edge design which can allow insects to enter the trap 10 from any point around the perimeter without the need to climb up ramps or seek out openings within the trap. In an example embodiment, the first planar surface 12 and the second planar surface 14 can be an optically clear film and the coating 16 can be an optically clear PSA. The trap 10 can be transparent or substantially transparent, which can facilitate the early detection and monitoring of target insects in situ. Such a configuration may allow for the improved viewing and documenting of insects trapped in situ from multiple perspectives, including close examination under a microscope without requiring the user to have any direct exposure or contact with insects.
The trap 10 can have a substantially hollow construction having a closely spaced parallel first planar surface 12 and second planar surface 14, separated by a plurality of spacers 18, which can create a multiplicity of narrow nesting spaces for insect colonies. The spacing between the first planar surface 12 and the second planar surface 14 can be adjusted during fabrication to be optimized for attracting specific target insect species by leveraging the natural instinct of harboring together and nesting within tight enclosed spaces. Any suitable number and configuration of spacers 18 is contemplated. The trap 10 can have a substantially uniform thickness or, in an alternate embodiment, can have a variable or user-adjusted thickness where, for example, the spacers 18 can be telescoping members allowing for a range of thicknesses.
The trap 10 can include a low profile and narrow perimeter entry gap 20, having a thickness “T”, that can allow insects unrestricted access around the entire exterior perimeter of the monitor or trap 10, which can offer the insects 360 degrees of access without the need to climb up inclines or entry ramps. The narrow perimeter entry gap can also prevent any unwanted or accidental contact with the adhesives or coating 16 by adults, children, pets or the like. In an example embodiment, by optimizing the narrow perimeter entry gap 20, the exposure of the coating 16 to ambient air currents can be minimized which can reduce exposure of the coating 16 to airborne dust or contaminants that may cause a loss of the beneficial properties of the coating 16.
In an example embodiment, the trap 10 can be substantially flexible, elastic, or malleable such that the trap 10 can be shaped around curves, corners, or complex shapes, where the trap 10 can be deployed as an effective perimeter barrier for furniture, bed frames, chair legs, cabinetry, doorways, windows, baseboards and the like. In an example embodiment, the trap 10 can have an elongate flexible configuration the can allow the trap 10 to be placed substantially within the entire gap underneath a door.
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In certain embodiments it may only be useful to provide adhesive 818 that extends laterally only just beyond the aperture defined by the top of the sidewalls 814. During the manufacturing process, it may be challenging to apply adhesive 818 such that it will cover the entirety of the floor 812, however, such coverage may be unnecessary and/or wasteful. During operation of the insect trap 810, the bed bugs 820 may fall from the sidewalls 814 directly downward into the receptacle 816. So long as the adhesive 818 is below where the bed bugs 820 fall the coverage may be sufficient to capture the bed bugs 820. It may still be beneficial to extend the adhesive 818 radially outward beyond this perimeter somewhat, such as from about 1 mm to about 3 mm, from about 1 mm to about 5 mm, from about 2 mm to about 10 mm, or any other suitable distance, but where the adhesive 818 does not completely cover the floor 812.
The sidewalls 814 can be angled in such a way to allow bed bugs 820 to easily climb the sidewalls 814 and fall into the receptacle 816 and onto the adhesive 818. The sidewalls 814 can be angled with respect to the floor 812 by from about 10 degrees to about 20 degrees, from about 5 degrees to about 45 degrees, from about 5 degrees to about 90 degrees, or from about 15 degrees to about 25 degrees, where other angles are also contemplated. Each of the sidewalls 814 can have a uniform shape and oblique angle or, alternatively, each of the sidewalls 814 can have a different shape and/or angle. The sidewalls 814 can be monolithic such that they have a unitary, one piece construction. The sidewalls 814 can be fixedly coupled to one another such that that the form a substantially rigid perimeter around the insect trap 810. In an alternative embodiment, the edges of each of the sidewalls 814 may be adjacent one another, but not fixedly coupled, such that each of the sidewalls 814 is pivotably movable (e.g., a living hinge) relative to the floor 812. In one embodiment, one or a plurality of the sidewalls 814 can be selectively adjusted by a user to a particular angle depending upon the needs of a particular application.
The sidewalls 814 can each have an upper surface 822 and a lower surface 824. Each upper surface 822 can have a coefficient of friction that enables bed bugs (e.g., 820) to effectively climb the respective sidewalls 814. The lower surface 824 can have a coefficient of friction that is less, or substantially less, than the upper surface 822 (e.g., by a factor of at least 2), which may aid in encouraging the bed bugs 820 into the receptacle 816 and may prevent the bed bugs 820 that are captured in the receptacle 816 from climbing the sidewalls 814 and escaping the receptacle 816. For example, when a bed bug 820 falls from the sidewall 814, the bed bug 820 may briefly swing under the sidewall 814 and into contact with the lower surface 824. The bed bug 820, however, may be unable to effectively grasp the lower surface 824 (due to its sufficiently low coefficient of friction) and can thus fall into the receptacle 816 and onto the adhesive 818. Once the bed bug 820 is adhered to the adhesive 818, the low coefficient of friction of the lower surface 824 can prevent the bed bug 820 from using the lower surface 824 to pull away from the adhesive 818 and climb out of the receptacle 816. In one embodiment, the lower surface 824 can be coated with, embedded with, or formed using a low friction material such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), talcum powder, or the like. In another embodiment, the sidewalls 814 can be formed of a substantially translucent material that allows a user to easily view the contents of the receptacle 816 without the need to handle the insect trap 810.
In one embodiment, the upper surface 822 of the sidewalls 814 can include a surface effect that can increase the coefficient of friction to readily allow insects, such as bed bugs 820, to climb the sidewalls. The surface effect can include texturing, a stepped shape, a tacky mild adhesive, or the like. In one embodiment the surface effect on the upper surface 822 is operably configured to allow the bed bug 820 to climb the upper surface 822, but resists the bed bug climbing down the upper surface 822. Although the sidewalls 814 are shown as substantially planar in
The insect trap 810 can include an attractant device 826 that is configured to produce an attractant for the bed bugs 820. In one embodiment, as illustrated in
The top of the sidewalls 814 can be spaced apart from the overcap 834 a sufficient distance such that the bed bugs 820 are unable to climb directly from the sidewalls on the overcap 834. For example, the gap “G” defined by the overcap 834 and the top of the sidewalls 814 can be from about 5 mm to about 10 mm, from about 10 mm to about 20 mm, from about 10 mm to about 25 mm, from about 15 mm to about 25 mm, or any other suitable distance. It may also be beneficial for the gap G to be small enough that the release of gasses from the insect trap 810 is controlled and not excessive such that the insect trap 810 has a long effective life. It may also be advantageous to provide a relatively small gap G to reduce the likelihood that children, animals, or the like will be able to access the receptacle 816, the adhesive 818, and/or the bed bugs 820 trapped within the receptacle 816. With reference to
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The dissolvable tablets 832 can be stacked on the sponge 830, as illustrated in
It will be appreciated that any suitable number, shape, and position of the dissolvable tablets 832 is contemplated. In one embodiment, as illustrated in
Water or other fluids can be introduced to the dissolvable tablets 832 in any suitable manner. In one embodiment, the overcap 834 can be removed and water can be added by a user to start, for example, a chemical reaction to activate the trap. In an alternate embodiment, an appropriate volume of fluid (e.g., water) can be provided with the trap (e.g. insect trap 810), but isolated from the dissolvable tablets 832 until the insect trap is ready for use. A pull tab, spacer, or the like can separate the dissolvable tablets 832 from the water or other fluid until the user removes the divider and allows the fluid to mix with the dissolvable tablets. Such a self-contained unit may be easier to operate for the user and may beneficially limit the users direct access to the dissolvable tablets. In another version, the necessary fluid can be provided in a frangible ampoule within the attractant element, similar to a glow stick, where “cracking” or breaking the ampoule can release the fluid such that it can contact the dissolvable tablets to activate the insect trap.
The concentration of carbon dioxide from the stack of dissolvable tablets 832 can be heavier than ambient air and can represent any suitable percent concentration within the receptacle 816. The percent concentration within the receptacle 816 can be, for example, from about 90% to about 100%, from about 50% to about 95%, from about 75% to about 85%, from about 95% to about 99%, or any other suitable percent concentration. By prolonging the production of carbon dioxide from the receptacle 816, a high concentration of carbon dioxide can collect in the receptacle 816 and excess carbon dioxide can escape to the surrounding environment. The environmental carbon dioxide profile created by the insect trap 810 can substantially mimic that of a living being (e.g., a human), which can leverage the instinctual behavior of the bed bugs 820 to entice them to the insect trap 810. In one embodiment, a method of catching bed bugs can include providing a receptacle 816 having a percent concentration of carbon dioxide of greater than 90%, operably configuring the insect trap 810 such that carbon dioxide can flow out of the receptacle 816 to attract the bed bugs, providing sidewalls 814 shaped to create a pitfall for bed bugs, and providing an adhesive 818 to capture the bed bugs that fall from the sidewalls 814.
When the dissolvable tablets 832 and/or the water in the sponge 830 have been depleted, the attractant device 826 can be easily accessed to replenish the dissolvable tablets 832 or the water on the sponge 830 which can encourage refilling and reuse of the insect trap 810, thus alleviating the environmental harm often associated with conventional disposable traps. In addition, since the sponge 830 and the dissolvable tablets 832 can be non-toxic, the attractant device 826 can be refilled without substantial risk of harm to the user or the surrounding environment. Moreover, since the sponge 830 and dissolvable tablets 832 are effectively self-contained within the container 828 the risk of spilling the contents of the container are alleviated, which can encourage refilling and reuse of the insect trap 810.
It is to be appreciated that various characteristics of the sponge 830 and the dissolvable tablets 832 can be selected to achieve certain performance metrics. For example, the saturation and/or porosity of the sponge 830 can be selected to achieve a desired rate of reaction with the dissolvable tablets 832. Furthermore the concentration and/or material of the dissolvable tablets 832 can be selected to achieve a desired attractant characteristic. For example, in one embodiment, the dissolvable tablets 832 can be 20 g tablets formed of a yeast and sugar fermentation reaction that generates relatively low levels of carbon dioxide. This approach can have many of the same benefits as the dissolvable tablets 832 of effervescent carbon dioxide described above but can require more moisture from the sponge 830 to generate a longer reaction rate profile. It is also to be appreciated that, any of a variety of suitable alternative water sources and/or tablet arrangements are contemplated. For example, an acidic solution or weak acidic solution can be used.
It is to be appreciated that the attractant device 826 can additionally or alternatively include attractants such as pheromones, kairomones and the like that produce an olfactory signal that attracts bed bugs. It is also to be appreciated that while bed bugs are described herein, the insect trap 810 can be utilized to attract any of a variety of other insects. It may be advantageous to provide an insect trap 810 that has been marked or otherwise accessed by bed bugs 820 prior to use by an end user. Bed bugs 820 may be attracted to where other bed bugs 820 have been, where “seeding” an insect trap 820 with bed bugs prior to use may increase the attractant power of the insect trap 810. In one embodiment, all or a portion of the insect traps 810 can be exposed to an environment of bed bugs 820 such that the portion of the insect trap is impregnated, permeated, or marked with the scent of other bed bugs 820. In an alternate embodiment, the chemical signature of bed bugs can be simulated, synthesized, and/or extracted for application to all or a portion of the insect trap 810.
In general, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that at least some of the embodiments described herein can be implemented in many different embodiments of hardware, features, and materials. The materials, hardware, and configurations that can be used to implement embodiments is not limiting. For example, embodiments described herein can be implemented using any suitable materials, adhesives, coatings, and can be assembled using any suitable manufacturing system or method.
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In an alternate version, which may be useful between mattresses and the like, the insect trap 810 can be used in connection with a support device that can resemble a pizza saver or package saver. Such a support device can have a flat upper surface supported by three, four, or more support pillars to space apart, for example, two mattresses. The support device can be sized such that the insect trap 810 can be inserted into the space created by the support device.
In yet another version that may be useful between mattresses or other such surfaces, the attractant device 826 can project upwardly (not shown) beyond the top of the sidewalls 814 to serve as a tent pole or support pole. For example, the attractant device 826, or a projection extending from the attractant device 826, can project from about 50 mm to about 100 mm above the floor 812 to create enough space for bed bugs 820 to enter the gap G and the receptacle 816.
It will be appreciated that the insect traps, such as insect traps 810 and 910, can include a variety of color patterns that may attract bed bugs. The insect traps 810, 910 can be a single color, can be multiple colors, and can have any suitable design or pattern.
It may be advantageous to provide a system for monitoring or trapping bed bugs that both attracts bed bugs to an adhesive and urges the bed bugs towards the adhesive from an external source. For example, a perimeter around an insect trap (e.g., insect trap 810) can be provided to flush bed bugs or otherwise urge them towards the trap. Such a treatment might include beta-cyfluthrin and imidacloprid, or another fluid, having an odor, scent, or chemical that is repellant to bed bugs. During use of the insect trap 810, where the insect trap is placed under a bed, a solution of rubbing alcohol or the like can be sprayed around the perimeter of the room to urge bed bugs towards the insect trap 810. Other potential repellants can include moth balls or naphthalene.
Electrical outlets in walls can be a common access point for bed bugs traveling between the rooms of a house, or the like. It is contemplated that insect traps in accordance with versions described herein can have prongs or extensions that can engage with electrical outlets.
Heat may be an attractant for bed bugs and numerous exothermic reactions associated with the traps described herein are contemplated. Additional heating mechanisms powered by batteries, a USB connector, or the like are also contemplated as optional sources of energy for the generation of heat. Such power sources may also provide the insect traps with sounds, coloration, vibration, or other visual, auditory, and/or haptic features to attract bed bugs.
With reference to
Numerous insect traps, such as those shown in
In various embodiments disclosed herein, a single component can be replaced by multiple components and multiple components can be replaced by a single component to perform a given function or functions. Except where such substitution would not be operative, such substitution is within the intended scope of the embodiments. Some of the figures can include a flow diagram. Although such figures can include a particular logic flow, it can be appreciated that the logic flow merely provides an exemplary implementation of the general functionality. Further, the logic flow does not necessarily have to be executed in the order presented unless otherwise indicated.
The foregoing description of embodiments and examples has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limiting to the forms described. Numerous modifications are possible in light of the above teachings. Some of those modifications have been discussed, and others will be understood by those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best illustrate principles of various embodiments as are suited to particular uses contemplated. The scope is, of course, not limited to the examples set forth herein, but can be employed in any number of applications and equivalent devices by those of ordinary skill in the art. Rather it is hereby intended the scope of the invention to be defined by the claims appended hereto.
The present application is a continuation-in-part (CIP) of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/480,165, filed Apr. 5, 2017, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/320,809, filed on Jul. 1, 2014, which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/842,755, filed Jul. 3, 2013, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61842755 | Jul 2013 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14320809 | Jul 2014 | US |
| Child | 15480165 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15480165 | Apr 2017 | US |
| Child | 15730237 | US |
