Patent Application
20050258597
1. Field of the Invention
This description generally relates to the field of wagering or gaming, and more particularly to monitoring the wagers, cards, or other activities of players at a gaming table.
2. Description of the Related Art
Gaming has enjoyed phenomenal growth over the recent past, with the addition of numerous forms of wager based gaming, the legalization of wagering in a large number of jurisdictions domestically and internationally, and the construction of numerous casinos to service the increasing demand for gaming opportunities.
Casinos provide a large variety of games and other forms of entertainment of its customers. For example, casinos may provide slot machines, as well as, table games such as blackjack, poker, craps, roulette, baccarat, big wheel or wheel of fortune, to name a few. Due to the large amounts of money, particularly cash involved in gaming, casinos must carefully monitor the activities of both players and casino employees. Careful and continuous monitoring of gaming activities not only enhances security, but also permits the management to better manage the casinos' business, for example, selecting the number of mix of tables, the hours of operation of various tables, staffing, etc.
Typically, a customer exchanges currency or some form of credit for a casino's chips. The customer places the chips as wagers at various games, such as blackjack, craps, roulette, and baccarat. A game operator, such as a dealer, pays out winning wagers with additional chips based on the set of odds for the particular game. The dealer collects the customer's chips for losing wagers. The odds of each game slightly favor the casino, so on average the casino wins and is profitable.
Like many businesses, casinos wish to understand the habits of their customers. Some casinos have employees visually observe customer's game play, manually tracking the gaming and wagering habits of the particular customers. The information allows the casinos to select the number of different games that the casino will provide and to adequately staff those games.
The fast pace and large sums of money make casinos likely targets for cheating and stealing. Casinos employ a variety of security measures to discourage cheating or stealing by both customers and employees. For example, surveillance cameras covering a gaming area or particular gaming table provide a live or taped video signal that security personnel can closely examine. Additionally, or alternatively, “pit managers” can visually monitor the live play of a game at the gaming table.
While some aspects of a casino's security system should be plainly visible as a deterrent, other aspects of the security should be unobtrusive to avoid detracting from the players' enjoyment of the game and to prevent cheaters and thieves from avoiding detection.
The current methods of tracking have several drawbacks. The methods typically depend on manual observation of a gaming table. Thus coverage is not comprehensive, and is limited to tracking a relatively small number of games, customer's and employees. This problem is exacerbated by a customer's ability to rapidly move between gaming tables. A commonly known method for cheating customers to avoid detection is to switch tables frequently. The tracking methods are also prone to error since the manual methods rely on human observers who can become inattentive or distracted. In one commonly known method of cheating the casino, one member of a team will create a distraction while another member steals chips or swaps cards. These manual tracking methods are also labor intensive, and thus costly.
The monitoring of a player's wagers with video cameras placed somewhere with in the perimeter of the table also has several drawbacks. For example, the resolution of video images can be adversely effected by changes in lighting conditions, which may be caused by shadows cast on the table, smoke in the casino, or a variety of other reasons. The players and/or dealer may impede or block the line of sight of the imagers with their hands, clothing, or other items. In addition, some casinos prefer to keep records of each gaming day for some time. Because large quantities of computing memory are necessary to store video images, the video images from a given evening or week must be frequently overwritten.
Optical imagers located in a raised platform proximate to the player's seating positions is another arrangement that has been used to read chips on a gaming table during game play. The raised platform is raised slightly above the playing surface of the gaming table. A number of optical imagers or cameras and a number of illuminating lights are recessed or embedded in the raised platform and directed toward the playing surface. The raised platform has a dual purpose in that it functions as a railing or rim of the gaming table where players can lean, place beverages, etc. and also functions as a place to conceal the imagers and lights from the player's view.
There are several drawbacks to placing the optical imagers in the raised platform as described above. First, the imagers and the related optical components are susceptible to damage from spilled or leaky beverages. Second, the imagers are susceptible to interference from the players' hands, clothing, and/or personal items such as a purse. Lastly, the platform functions as a surface for the players to lean against and/or on, which may cause movement of the raised platform and which may then result in the imagers becoming misaligned relative to an area on the table that is to be imaged. To minimize movement of the raised platform relative to the gaming table, the platform should be securely connected to the table. This secure connection, however, makes it more time-consuming and difficult to perform maintenance on the imagers, replace the imagers, and/or replace the raised platform without disturbing the players and/or halting game play.
Another tracking option is to embed optical imagers in close proximity to the wagering area, the area where a player places his or her chips when making a wager. Close proximity to the wagering area is necessary to obtain sufficient resolution of the player's chips. However, placing optical imagers on the table surface detracts from the traditional look and feel of a gaming table. In addition, any protuberance in the table caused by the optical imagers creates an impediment the smooth flow of cards between the dealer and the players.
In one aspect, a gaming table includes a playing surface on which a card game may be played, the playing surface having a front portion about which a number of player positions are generally distributed and a back portion generally opposed across the playing surface from the front portion, the playing surface bearing a number of wagering areas corresponding to at least the number of player positions; a dealer podium spaced behind the back portion of the playing surface; and a reader carried by the dealer podium, the reader having at least one field of view extending generally toward at least one of the wagering areas.
In another aspect, a gaming table includes a front portion having number of player positions distributed adjacently thereto; a back portion to permit casino access to the gaming table; a playing surface on which a card game may be played, the playing surface disposed within a region defined by the front portion and the back portion, the playing surface bearing a number of wagering areas that correspond to the number of player positions; at least a portion of a dealer podium spaced behind the back portion of the gaming table; and a reader carried by the dealer podium, the reader configured to read at least one wager placed approximately within at least one of the number of wagering areas.
In yet another aspect, a gaming table includes playing surface means for supporting at least one wager, the playing surface means disposed generally between a front portion and a back portion of the gaming table, the front portion having a number of player positions generally distributed adjacently thereabout; optical reading means for reading the at least one wager on the playing surface means; and means for carrying the optical reading means, the means for carrying located behind the back portion of the gaming table.
In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the invention. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the invention may be practiced without these details. In other instances, well-known structures associated with computers, computer networks, readers and machine-vision have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments of the invention.
The headings provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the claimed invention.
This description initially presents a general explanation of gaming and gaming table monitoring components in the environment of a blackjack table. While blackjack is used as an example, the teachings herein are generally applicable to a variety of wagering games, such as craps, baccarat, poker, wheel of fortune, and roulette to name only a few. A more specific description of each of the individual hardware components and the interaction of the hardware components follows. A description of the overall operation of the system follows the hardware discussion.
Blackjack Gaming Environment With Automated Features
The gaming table 12 includes a useable playing surface 20, a front portion 15 disposed between two ends (identified by the darkened line adjacent to the player's 18), and a back portion 17 disposed between two ends (identified by the darkened line at the rear of the table 12). A number of player positions 18 are generally distributed about and adjacent to the front portion 15 of the playing table 12. The back portion 17 is generally opposed from the front portion 15 across the playing surface 20. The back portion permits access to the gaming table 12 by a casino employee, for example a blackjack or poker dealer. The back portion ends, can intersect or be proximately located with respect to front portion ends and thus define a perimeter 15, 17 that incorporates a useable and playing portion of the gaming table 12. The back portion 17 can take a variety of shapes and/or profiles. For example, the back portion 17 can be straight, as illustrated in
The gaming table 12 can have a padded rim or rail 13, which gives the players 18 a place to lean or rest their elbows. The padded rail 13 is placed on the playing surface 20. An edge or surface of the padded rail 13 may extend beyond or be contemporaneous with the front portion 15 of the table 12.
The playing surface 20 typically comprises a felt-type cover 20 carrying symbols 22. The symbols 22 demarcate and/or identify areas on the table that have special purposes. For example, on the blackjack table 12, there are typically seven to nine player positions 18, each position associated with a respective wagering area or betting circle 22 demarcated on the cover 20. Gaming tables 12 for games other than blackjack may also have wagering areas 22 printed or otherwise carried on the cover 20. Although the wagering areas 22 are illustrated as circles in
To complete the gaming environment 10, various gaming related items can be carried by the table 12 and/or the podium 14. For example, a drop box 24, a discard reader 26, a card shoe 28 or card shoe reader 29, and a chip tray 30 containing a number of gaming chips 36 are carried on the useable playing surface 20 of the gaming table 12. These items, either singularly or in some combination, are used to automate and/or otherwise enhance the gaming environment 10.
The drop box 24 is used by the dealer 16 uses to securely store currency or other items that have been exchanged for gaming chips 36. The discard reader 26 is configured to read, scan, or image cards discarded by the players 18 during the game and at the conclusion of each game, which is described in more detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,460,848, U.S. Pat. No. 6,652,379, and U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,568.
The card-dispensing device 28/29 houses one or more decks of cards, usually up to eight decks. The cards within the card-dispensing device 28/29 are typically removed one at a time. One type of card-dispensing device 28 is a non-automated card shoe 28. Card shoes 28 are generally loaded in a back room of the casino and brought to the individual gaming tables by a casino employee. Within the card shoe 28, a slanted ramp urges the cards toward a slotted opening and permits the cards to be easily drawn from the card shoe 28. The dealer 16 can individually draw the cards from the card shoe 28, or can remove an entire deck of cards from the card shoe 28 to deal by hand. Many players 18 appreciate the experience of a game where the cards are dealt from a deck held by the dealer 16, rather than being individually drawn from the card shoe 28.
An automated card-dispensing device 29 is typically referred to as a card shoe “reader” 29. The card shoe reader 29 can optically read (e.g., optically image, scan, or magnetically scan) at least some of the cards placed within the card shoe reader 29. The optical components of such a reader 29 are typically located under a transparent ramp within the card shoe reader 29. The ramp causes an edge portion of each card in the reader 29 to be exposed to the optical components, and thus to eventually be optically read. A card shoe reader 29 for automating a gaming table is described in detail U.S. Pat. No. 6,460,848, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/500,898, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/501,489, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/511,931.
A casino computing system, discussed in more detail below, communicates with the card shoe reader 29, the discard reader 26, and/or other devices, to automate a gaming table 12 according to one embodiment. In addition, any one of the aforementioned devices can be located, integrated, recessed into, attached to, supported by, or otherwise connected to the gaming table 12 and/or the podium 14.
Chips
While visually shown in
At least one method of making and encoding uniquely identifiable gaming chips 36 is described in detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/490,072. In one embodiment, the machine-readable symbol 38 on the chips 36 includes information about the denomination of the chip 36, at a minimum.
System Overview
As shown in
A play tracking subsystem 56 visually monitors activity on the playing surface 20 of the gaming table 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the play tracking subsystem 56 is located in the chip tray 30 and carried by the podium 14.
A chip tray monitoring subsystem 58 scans the machine-readable indicia 38 on the circumference of the chips 36 located therein. The chip tray monitoring system 58 is an integral component of the chip tray 30 according to one embodiment. The chip tray monitoring subsystem 58 is embedded or recessed in the podium 14 and removably attachable to the chip tray 30. One type of a chip tray for reading, imaging, or scanning chips located therein is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,696.
The overall system can be completed, at the casino's option, with a card verification subsystem 62, which is the optical hardware and/or software that reads at least some of the cards in the card shoe reader 29. The optical hardware can be integrally assembled with an independent card shoe reader 29, can be recessed in the table 12 and configured to be attachable to a card shoe 28, or recessed in the podium 14. Various assemblies and embodiments of card-dispensing devices 28/29 are described in detail in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/511,931. Finally, the system can have a cash accounting and validation subsystem 64, which monitors the contents of the drop box 24 (
Monitoring Gaming Chips
Still using the game of blackjack for illustration purposes, the players 18 place their respective wagers 36 by placing a number of gaming chips 36 in the wagering areas 22. Casinos usually require players 18 to use gaming chips 36 purchased from the casino's tellers or dealer 16 instead of using currency or credit at the gaming table 12.
At the end of a “hand” or game, the dealer 16 collects the wagered gaming chips 36 from losing players and pays out winnings in chips 36 to the winning players. The collected gaming chips 36 taken from the losing players are placed into a “bank” on the table. In one embodiment, the “bank” is the chip tray 30. The dealer 16 pays out the winnings using the required number of chips 36 from the chip tray 30. The chip tray 30 generally consists of a number of wells, sized to receive the gaming chips 36 with different wells generally used to contain different chip denominations. Changes to the contents of the chip tray 30 represent the winnings and losses of the casino (“house”) at the gaming table 12. Thus, maintaining an accurate count of the number and value of the chips 36 in the chip tray 30 can assist the casino in managing its operations. Periodically, for example at the end of a dealer's shift, the contents of the drop box 24 must be reconciled with contents of the chip tray 30, to ascertain that the correct number and value of chips were distributed.
One way for casinos to more accurately track the gaming chips 36 being wagered and exchanged at the gaming table is for the casino to periodically survey the wagers on the table 12, the chips 36 located in the chip tray 30, and/or both. The player's wager may be a single chip 36, two or more chips 36, or even several stacks of chips 36. Casinos typically request that the players place their multiple chips in a stack 36 or stacks (not shown) before moving the wagered chips 36 into proximity of one of the wagering areas 22.
The discussion of the present invention herein involves several embodiments for optically reading information on chips 36 after the chips 36 have been placed on the gaming table 12 during a game. One purpose for automating the monitoring of the gaming environment is to augment the casino's manual security measures so that the casino can determine whether a certain player may be improperly increasing or decreasing his or her wager as the game progresses. Another advantage is to notify the casino whether more gaming chips 36 need to be placed into circulation on the casino floor, especially during peak gaming times.
Yet another advantage of automating the gaming environment 10 is to track wagering patterns of players to ascertain whether the player may be card counting or partaking in some other undesired activity. For example, a player that consistently makes low or minimum wagers when a certain number of cards remain in the deck indicates that the player is invoking some sort of card counting strategy. Additionally or alternatively, automating the monitoring of the gaming environment 10 provides the casino with information to compensate (“comp”) players based on their duration of play, average value of their wagers, etc.
Podium Having Optical Detectors
The podium 102 includes an upper portion 103 that rises at least slightly above the playing surface 109 by a distance “T” so that optical readers 114 located in the upper portion 103 of the podium 102 have an adequate “line of sight” 122 (
At least one optical reader 114, such as a camera for taking still or video images and/or a laser scanner, is carried by the first portion 116 of the podium 102. Thus, the optical reader 114 is also located behind the back portion 108 of the table 12.
In the illustrated embodiment of
The back surface 132 may be covered with felt to have a similar look and feel as the gaming table surface 124. A different material that permits the transfer of light from the optical readers 114 to the chips 36 can be used in lieu of felt in desired locations. It is generally desirable for the casinos to keep their game monitoring systems concealed. Thus, in one embodiment, the back surface 132, or at least the upper portion 103 of the back surface 132 that rises above the gaming table 104 is made from a light transmissive material. For example, darkened glass with a scratch resistant coating and that matches the coloring of the gaming table is used to conceal the optical readers 114 in one embodiment.
A drop box 140 is set into the podium 102. Additionally or alternatively, a computing device 142, for example a CPU, is located within a chamber formed in the podium 102 according to the illustrated embodiment.
The illustrated gaming table 104 includes the front portion 106, the back portion 108, and the playing surface 109 according to the description provided above. In addition, the gaming table 104 may include the padded rail 112. Betting circles 134, and/or secondary wagering areas 136 are carried by the playing surface 109.
A chip tray 126 and a card-dispensing device 138/139 are located on the gaming table surface 109. The position or location of any of the aforementioned devices on the gaming table 104 is for illustrative purposes only and does not limit the scope of the claimed invention. Electrical and/or data wiring (not shown) from the podium 102 to/from the table 104 can be provided under the table 104.
The podium 202 has a width or depth “D” and a dealer's access region 244. The depth “D” of the podium 202 should is wide enough to allow the podium 102 to receive various automated components as described above, but not so wide that it adversely impacts a reach of the dealer, for example when the dealer attempts to collect or distribute chips 36, cards, or collect currency.
The dealer's access region 244 allows the podium 202 to have more depth “D,” which in turn allows more or larger items to be located on the upper surface 230and/or within the podium 202, for example a drop box 240 carried by the upper surface 230 and a computing system 242 located within the podium 202. In addition, the dealer's access region 244 provides the dealer easier or less cumbersome access to the gaming table 204. The dealer's access region 244 can include a step 246 according to the illustrated embodiment. The step 246 can be separable or removable from the podium 202.
The podium 302 includes an upper surface 330, a back surface 332, the dealer's access region 344, and a detachable step 346. In the illustrated embodiment, the podium 302 is supports or carries the majority of the gaming items such as a drop box 340, a card-dispensing device 328/329, and a chip tray 326. The chip tray 326 includes a number of optical readers 314 for reading chips 36 located on the gaming table 304. A foremost portion 327 of the chip tray 326 is located behind the back portion 308 of the gaming table 304. A computing system 342 is located within the podium 302 for communicating with the various items described above, for communicating with the casino's main computing system, or both.
The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. All of the above U.S. patents, patent applications, provisional patent applications and publications referred to in this specification, including, but not limited to, commonly assigned U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/517,297; U.S. Pat. No. 6,460,848; U.S. Pat. No. 6,652,379; U.S. Pat. No. 6,685,568; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/500,898; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/501,489; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/511,931; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/490,072; U.S. Pat. No. 6,712,696; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/562,796 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Aspects and/or embodiments described and/or incorporated by reference herein, to include features known by those skilled in the art, can be modified, if necessary, to create other systems, assemblies, devices, and/or concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further aspects and/or embodiments.
These and other changes can be made in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the invention to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all game monitoring systems and methods that operate in accordance with the claims. Accordingly, the invention is not limited by the disclosure, but instead its scope is to be determined entirely by the following claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/562,772 filed on Apr. 15, 2004, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60562772 | Apr 2004 | US |
