Patent Grant
RE47365
For some high-speed electronic devices (also referred to here as “host devices”), it is desirable to use fiber optic cabling for interconnecting the ports of such devices. Examples of host devices include switches, routers, gateways, access points, server computers, end-user computers, appliance computers (such as network-attached storage (NAS) devices), and nodes of a storage area network (SAN). Typically, using fiber optic cabling with such a host device requires the use of active optical components (for example, to perform electrical-to-optical (E/O) and optical-to-electrical (O/E) conversions necessary for signals to be sent and received by the host device over the passive fiber optic cabling).
However, in some cases, manufacturers of the host devices do not wish to include the active optical components in the host device itself. In these cases, the host devices are designed to be used with active optical cables. An active optical cable includes, in addition to the passive fiber optic cabling, the active optical components that perform the E/O and O/E conversions necessary for signals to be sent and received by the host device over the passive fiber optic cabling. Traditionally, each active optical cable comprises a matched pair of active optical modules that are designed to be used with a single segment of fiber optic cabling (typically a duplex segment comprising two optical fibers). In one type of single-segment active optical cable, each of the matched pair of active optical modules is permanently attached to the single segment of fiber optic cabling. In another type of single segment active optical cable, each of the matched pair of active optical modules includes an appropriate connector or (other mechanism) to removably attach the single segment of fiber optical cabling to the module. With this second type of active optical cable, the fiber optic cabling used in the active optical cable can be changed (for example, to change between single mode fiber and multi-mode fiber or to replace defective cabling). However, with both types of active optical cables, the active optical modules are designed to be used with a single segment of fiber optic cabling, and the modules are designed to be together as a pair.
Each active optical module typically includes an optical transceiver, a controller, a storage device, and an electrical connector. The electrical connector is connected to a port of a host device. Typically, the host device and the active optical module exchange “transmit” and “receive” signals in electrical form (typically, as respective differential signal pairs). The optical transceiver in the active optical module handles the E/O and 0/E conversions necessary for the electrical transmit and receive signals. The interface implemented between the electrical connector and the port of the host device also includes appropriate power and ground lines for providing power and ground to the active components in the active optical module.
Manufacturers of some host devices require that, when an active optical cable is used to connect a port of a first host device to a port of a second host device, the active optical cable must first be authenticated before those ports can be enabled for use with that active optical cable. These ports are also referred to here as “authenticated” ports. This authentication is done, for example, to ensure that only active optical cables manufactured by an authorized manufacturer are used with the host devices.
The interface implemented between the authenticated ports of the host devices and the electrical connectors included in the active optical modules includes one or more signal lines over which data can be exchanged between a given host device and an active optical module that is connected to one of its authenticated ports. These lines are also referred to here as the “control interface.” In one example, when an active optical module is connected to an authenticated port of a host device, the host device uses the control interface to write challenge data to the storage device included in the active optical module. The controller in the active optical module then generates an encrypted response by encrypting the challenge data with a private key that is stored in the active optical module. The generated response data is stored in the storage device. The host device then uses the control interface to read the response data from the storage device along with a cable identifier (using the control interface that is provided between the port and the electrical connector). The challenge data, cable identifier, and encrypted response data are provided to an authentication entity (for example, software that is a part of a network management system) for authenticating the active optical module. The authentication entity uses the cable identifier to look up the private key assigned to the active optical module and then decrypts the encrypted response read from the storage device in the active optical module. If the decrypted response matches the challenge data that was encrypted, the associated active optical module is considered to be successfully authenticated.
In some applications, the active optical modules for both ends of the active optical cable must be authenticated before either of the two involved authenticated ports will be enabled for use with that active optical cable. As noted above, the active optical modules used in a single-segment active optical cable traditionally are a “matched pair” in that they are designed to always be used together as a part of the same single-segment active optical cable. For example, both of the active optical modules can be assigned the same cable or module identifier or can be assigned different module identifiers that are associated with one another a priori by the authentication entity. This is the case regardless of whether the single-segment of fiber optic cabling used with such active optical cables is permanently or removably attached to the active optical modules. As a result, it is typically not difficult for the authentication entity to determine which active optical modules are associated with one another for the purposes of authentication. This approach—where both active optical modules that are being authenticated for use with two authenticated ports—would not be suitable, however, where the two active optical modules are not a matched pair that is a part of the same single-element active optical cable.
One embodiment is directed to a method of authenticating first and second active optical modules that terminate first and second active optical cable segments, each of which having a respective active end and a respective passive end. The method comprises reading information from active-end storage devices attached to the respective active ends of the first and second active optical modules, providing information read from the active-end storage devices to an aggregation point, reading information from passive-end storage devices attached to the respective passive ends of the first and second active optical cable segments, providing information read from passive-end storage devices to the aggregation point, and authenticating the first and second active optical modules using information provided to the aggregation point.
Another embodiment is directed to a system for use with a first and second active optical cable segment, each of the first and second active optical cable segments having a respective active end and a passive end. The system comprises first and second host devices, the first host device having a first authenticated port and the second host device having a second authenticated port. The first authenticated port is configured so that a respective electrical connector terminating the respective active end of the first active optical cable segment can be coupled to the first authenticated port, wherein the first authenticated port is also configured to provide access to a first active-end storage device associated with the active end of the first active optical cable segment when the first active optical cable segment is coupled to the first authenticated port. The second authenticated port is configured so that a respective electrical connector terminating a respective active end of a second active optical cable segment can be coupled to the second authenticated port, wherein the second authenticated port is also configured to provide access to a second active-end storage device associated with the active end of the second active optical cable segment when the second active optical cable segment is coupled to the second authenticated port. The system further comprises first and second passive optical interconnects. The first passive optical interconnect comprises a first port, and the second passive optical interconnect comprises a second port. The first port is configured so that a respective passive optical connector terminating the respective passive end of the first active optical cable segment can be coupled to the first port, wherein the first port is also configured to provide access to a first passive-end storage device associated with the passive end of the first active optical cable segment when the first active optical cable segment is coupled to the first port. The second port is configured so that a respective optical passive connector terminating the respective passive end of the second active optical cable segment can be coupled to the second port, wherein the second port is also configured to provide access to a second passive-end storage device associated with the passive end of the second active optical cable segment when the second active optical cable segment is coupled to the second port. The first and second ports are communicatively coupled to one another via one or more other cable segments. An active optical communication path can be established between the first authenticated port and the second authenticated port using the first active optical cable segment, the second active optical cable segment, and one or more passive cable segments. The system further comprises an aggregation point that is communicatively coupled to the first and second host devices and the first and second passive optical interconnects. The aggregation point is configured to receive: information read from the first and second active-end storage devices attached to the first and second active optical cable segments, respectively; information read from the first and second passive-end storage devices attached to the first and second active optical cable segments, respectively; and information about the one or more other cable segments used to establish the active optical communication path between the first and second authenticated ports. The system further comprises an aggregation point that is communicatively coupled to the aggregation point and the first and second host devices, wherein information indicative of the active optical communication path is communicated from the aggregation point to the authentication entity in connection with authenticating the first and second active optical cable segments for use with the first and second authenticated ports.
Another embodiment is directed to a cable comprising at least a first optical fiber extending from a first end to a second end and an active optical component terminating the first end of the first optical fiber. The active optical component includes an electrical connector configured to receive electrical signals converted from optical signals carried over the first optical fiber. The active optical component includes a first storage device that is electrically connected to the electrical connector. A fiber optic connector terminates the second end of the first optical fiber. The fiber optic connector includes an optical ferrule that is configured to receive optical signals carried over the first optical fiber. The fiber optic connector includes a second storage device and a media reading interface that are isolated from the optical signals carried over the first optical fiber. The second storage device is electrically connected to the media reading interface.
In this example, the active optical modules 102 that are used to connect two host devices 104 are not part of the same single-segment active optical cable, unlike with the conventional active optical cable products described above. Instead, as described in more detail below, the ports 106 of the host devices 104 are connected to one another using multiple segments of cabling—including both active segments 110 and using one or more fiber patch panels 108 (or other passive optical interconnects). In certain implementations, passive segments 144 also may extend between the patch panels 108 to connect the segments 110. In this way, the benefits of using fiber patch panels 108 (for example, increased or improved flexibility, range, slack and length management, and convenience in making moves, adds, and changes) can be obtained when using active optical modules 102.
However, because the active optical modules 102 that are used to connect two host devices 104 are not part of the same single-segment active optical cable (and are not a matched pair), the active optical modules 102 will not be assigned the same cable or module identifier or otherwise be associated with one another a priori, and the authentication entity 154 that authenticates the active optical modules 102 for use with those host devices 104 will need additional information in order to associate the two active optical modules 102 with one another.
In this example, the cable segments that are directly connected to the ports 106 of the host devices 104 are referred to here as the “active optical cable segments” 110.
One example of an active optical cable segment 110 suitable for use in the example shown in
Each active optical cable segment 110 has an active end 114 and a passive end 116. Each active optical cable segment 110 includes an active optical module 102 that is attached to the active end 114 of that active optical cable segment 110 (more specifically, to the active end 114 of the fiber pair 112 used in the active optical cable segment 110). Each active optical module 102 also includes a passive optical connector 118 that is attached to the passive end 116 of the active optical cable segment 110 (more specifically, to the passive end 116 of the fiber pair 112 used in the active optical cable segment 110).
Each active optical module 102 includes an electrical connector 120 by which transmit and receive signals are input and output in electrical form (typically, as respective differential signal pairs) to and from the active optical module 102. The electrical connector 120 also includes appropriate power and ground lines for providing power and ground to the active components in the active optical module 102. In the example shown in
Each active optical module 102 includes the active optical components that perform the electrical-to-optical (E/O) and optical-to-electrical (O/E) conversions necessary for signals to be sent and received over the fiber pair 112. In the example shown in
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In this example, each active optical module 102 also includes a storage device 128 (also referred to here as an “active-end” storage device 128) and a controller 130. The electrical connector 120 in each active optical module 102 is configured to include a control interface via which the controller 130 and the active-end storage device 128 can be accessed. In the particular example shown in
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Various examples of passive-end storage device interfaces are described in United States Patent Publication No. US 2011-0116748, filed Oct. 15, 2010, and titled “MANAGED CONNECTIVITY IN FIBER OPTIC SYSTEMS AND METHODS THEREOF,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/025,841, filed on Feb. 11, 2011, titled “MANAGED FIBER CONNECTIVITY SYSTEMS,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/025,750, filed on Feb. 11, 2011, titled “COMMUNICATIONS BLADED PANEL SYSTEMS,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/152,624, filed on Feb. 13, 2009, titled “MANAGED CONNECTIVITY SYSTEMS AND METHODS,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/705,497, filed on Feb. 12, 2010, titled “AGGREGATION OF PHYSICAL LAYER INFORMATION RELATED TO A NETWORK,” all of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. In some of these examples, a four-line storage-device interface is used, where the interface includes a single data line for reading and writing data, a power line for providing power to the storage device, a ground line for providing a ground level, and an extra line reserved for future use. Also, in these examples, a storage device that supports the UNI/O bus protocol is used, where the UNI/O bus protocol is used for communicating over the single data lead.
In the example shown in
Many types of host devices 104 and passive optical interconnects 108 include multiple ports, though the techniques described here are not limited to host devices 104 or passive optical interconnects 108 that include multiple ports.
In this example, any active optical modules 102 (which are attached to the active optical cable segments 110) must be authenticated before the ports 106 can be enabled for use with those active optical modules 102. Consequently, the ports 106 of the switches 104 are also referred to here as “authenticated” ports 106.
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In this example, each patch panel port 138 in the first fiber patch panel 108 is communicatively coupled to a respective patch-panel port 138 in the second fiber patch panel 108 via an optical trunk cable 144. The optical trunk cable 144 is a multiple-fiber cable, where each duplex port 138 of each of the fiber patch panels 108 is connected to a respective pair of fibers in the trunk cable 144. The trunk cable 144 includes a multi-fiber connector 146 (for example, a suitable MPO or MTP connector) at each end of the cable 144. Each fiber patch panel 108 includes a trunk connector 148 (for example, a suitable MPO or MTP connector) designed to be connected to the multi-fiber connector 146 attached to the trunk cable 144. However, it is to be understood that patch panel ports 138 in the first fiber patch panel 108 can be communicatively coupled to respective patch-panel ports 138 in the second fiber patch panel 108 in other ways. For example, an optical patch cable comprising a pair of optical fibers terminated with a pair of connectors (such as LC or SC connectors) can be used to communicatively couple pairs of duplex ports 138 of the patch panels 108 to one another.
In this example, each multi-fiber connector 146 attached to the optical trunk cable 144 also includes or is otherwise associated with a respective storage device 150, and the connectors 146 and 148 include or are otherwise associated with a respective storage-device interface (not shown) by which the software 140 running on each fiber patch panel 108 can read and write data to the storage device 150. The storage devices 150 that are included in or otherwise associated with the multi-fiber connectors 146 attached to the trunk cable 144 are also referred to here as the “trunk-cable” storage devices 150. The storage-device interface can implemented as described in the manner described in the aforementioned US provisional patent applications and US non-provisional patent applications.
In other implementations, the trunk cable 144 plugged into the first patch panel 108 is different from the trunk cable 144 plugged into the second patch panel 108. In some implementations, the two trunk cables 144 may be connected at a third patch panel. In other implementations, the two trunk cables 144 may be connected using a panel network of multiple patch panels and trunk cables. In still other implementations, multiple trunk cables may extend between the first and second patch panels 108. For example, in some implementations, multiple single optical fiber cables may extend between the patch panels 108 or panel network. In other implementations, multiple multi-fiber cables may extend between the patch panels 108 or panel network.
Non-limiting examples of patch panels suitable for use as panels 108 are shown and disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/025,750 and United States Publication No. US 2011-0116748, which were incorporated by reference above. Other non-limiting examples of patch panels suitable for use as panels 108 are shown and disclosed in United States Publication No. US 2011-0115494 A1, filed Oct. 19, 2010, and titled “MANAGED ELECTRICAL CONNECTIVITY SYSTEMS,” U.S. application Ser. No. 12/905,689, filed Oct. 15, 2010, and titled “MANAGED CONNECTIVITY IN ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS AND METHODS THEREOF,” U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/295,742, filed on Nov. 14, 2011, and titled “CABLE MANAGEMENT IN RACK SYSTEMS,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/466,696, filed Mar. 23, 2011, and titled “CABLE MANAGEMENT IN RACK SYSTEMS,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/476,041, filed Apr. 15, 2011, and titled “MANAGED ELECTRICAL CONNECTIVITY SYSTEMS,” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/446,574, filed Apr. 13, 2012, and titled “MANAGED ELECTRICAL CONNECTIVITY SYSTEMS,” the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
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In one embodiment, the network 156 comprises an INTERNET PROTOCOL network. The network 156 can be implemented using one or more of a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), the INTERNET, a virtual local area network (VLAN), and a virtual private network (VPN), an enterprise network, and a telecommunication service provider network. Moreover, the switches 104 and fiber patch panels 108 can be a part of the equipment used to implement the network 156.
The authentication entity 154 is typically implemented in software that runs on a computer that is coupled to the network 156. In one embodiment, the authentication entity 154 is implemented as software that runs on a server maintained by the manufacture of the switches 104 or the active optical cable segments 110. In another embodiment, the authentication entity 154 is implemented as software that runs on a computer that is local with respect to the switches 104 (for example, on a computer that is also running a network management system for the network that the switches 104 are a part of). In another embodiment, the authentication entity 154 is implemented as software that runs on the switches 104 themselves.
In this example, the switches 104 communicate with the authentication entity 154 using a suitable communication protocol (such as the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). For example, when the first active optical module 102 is connected to the first authenticated port 106 of the first switch 104, the software 134 executing on the first switch 104 sends a message informing the authentication entity 154 of that fact and including information that the authentication entity 154 uses in authenticating the first active optical module 102 as described in more detail below. Examples of such information include a segment or module identifier, challenge data, and encrypted response data. Then, after performing the authentication processing described below is completed, the authentication entity 154 can send a response to the first switch 104 either enabling or disabling the first authenticated port 106 depending on whether both the first and second active optical modules 102 were successfully authenticated.
The aggregation point 152 is typically implemented as software that runs on a computer that is coupled to the network 156.
The aggregation point 152 is configured to receive physical layer information pertaining to various devices and media used to implement the physical layer in the network 156 (not just the active optical cable segments 110). The physical layer information (PLI) includes information about various devices in the network 156 (for example, information about the switches 104 and fiber patch panels 108) (also referred to here as “device information”) as well as information about any segments of physical communication media attached to the ports of those devices (also referred to here as “media information”). The device information includes, for example, an identifier for each device, a type identifier that identifies the device's type, and port information that includes information about the device's ports. The media information includes information that is read from storage devices that are attached to various segments of physical communication media (for example, from storage devices that are attached to the active optical cable segments 110 and the optical trunk cables 144).
Examples of media information that can be stored in such storage devices include, without limitation, an identifier that uniquely identifies that particular segment of physical communication media (similar to an ETHERNET Media Access Control (MAC) address but associated with the physical communication media and/or connector attached to the physical communication media), a part number, a plug or other connector type, a cable or fiber type and length, a serial number, a cable polarity, a date of manufacture, a manufacturing lot number, information about one or more visual attributes of physical communication media or a connector attached to the physical communication media (such as information about the color or shape of the physical communication media or connector or an image of the physical communication media or connector), and other information used by an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system or inventory control system. In other embodiments, alternate or additional data is stored in such storage devices. For example, testing, media quality, or performance information can be stored in such storage devices. The testing, media quality, or performance information, for example, can be the results of testing that is performed when a particular segment of media is manufactured or installed.
The media information can also include information about physical communication media that does not have any storage devices attached to it. This latter type of media information can be manually supplied to the aggregation point 152.
The aggregation point 152 includes a database or other data store (not shown) for storing the physical layer information provided to it. The aggregation point 152 also includes functionality that provides an interface for external devices or entities to access the physical layer information maintained by the aggregation point 152. This access can include retrieving information from the aggregation point 152 as well as supplying information to the aggregation point 152. In this example, the aggregation point 152 is implemented as “middleware” that is able to provide such external devices and entities with transparent and convenient access to the PLI maintained by the aggregation point 152. Because the aggregation point 152 aggregates PLI from the relevant devices in the network 156 and provides external devices and entities with access to such PLI, the external devices and entities do not need to individually interact with all of the devices in the network 156 that provide PLI, nor do such devices need to have the capacity to respond to requests from such external devices and entities.
The aggregation point 152, in this example, implements an application programming interface (API) by which application-layer functionality can gain access to the physical layer information maintained by the aggregation point 152 using a software development kit (SDK) that describes and documents the API.
More information about physical layer information and the aggregation point 152 can be found in U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/152,624, filed on Feb. 13, 2009, titled “MANAGED CONNECTIVITY SYSTEMS AND METHODS” and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/705,497, filed on Feb. 12, 2010, titled “AGGREGATION OF PHYSICAL LAYER INFORMATION RELATED TO A NETWORK”, both of which are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
One example of a method 300 of authenticating one or more active optical modules 102 is shown in
Method 300 comprises reading information from the active-end storage device 128 attached to each of the first and second active optical modules 102 (block 302 shown in
Also, the software 134 executing on that switch 104 provides information identifying the active optical module 102 (and/or active optical cable segment 110 of which it is a part), the switch 104, and the authenticated port 106 (for example, by providing a module or segment identifier, switch identifier, and a port identifier) to the aggregation point 152. As is noted below, the information that is provided to the aggregation point 152 to identify the active optical module 102 (and/or the active optical cable segment 110 of which it is a part), the switch 104, and/or the authenticated port 106 may not be the same as the identifier information provided to, and used by, the authentication entity 154 to identify those things (for example, because the manufacture of the switch 104 or the active optical module 102 wishes for such information to remain confidential).
The processing associated with blocks 302-306 is performed for each of the first and second authenticated ports 106.
Method 300 further comprises reading information from the passive-end storage device 132 attached to the passive end 116 of each of the first and second active optical cable segments 110 (block 308) and providing the read information, along with information about the associated fiber patch panel 108 and patch-panel port 138, to the aggregation point 152 (block 310). Method 300 further comprises receiving this information at the aggregation point 152 and adding it to the database maintained by the aggregation point 152 (block 312). In this example, when the passive optical connector 118 attached to the passive end 116 of each of the first and second active optical cable segments 110 is attached to each of the first and second patch-panel ports 138, respectively, the software 140 associated with the respective fiber patch panel 108 reads information from the associated passive-end storage device 132 using the storage-device interface implemented between that passive optical connector 118 and that patch-panel port 138 and communicates the read information to the aggregation point 152. In association with the information read from the passive-end storage device 132, the software 140 communicates information about the fiber patch panel 108 and the patch panel port 138 to the aggregation point 152. The aggregation point 152 receives this information and adds it to the database it maintains.
The information read from the passive-end storage device 132 can include, for example, an identifier for the active optical cable segment 110 and/or an identifier that identifies the active optical module 102 that is attached to the active-end 114 of that active optical cable segment 110. Also, the information read from the passive-end storage device 132 can include other information about the active optical cable segment 110, the associated active optical module 102, or passive optical connector 118. Other examples of media information that can be read from the storage device 132 are described above. The information read from the passive-end storage device 132 is provided to the aggregation point 152 along with information that identifies the fiber patch panel 108 and the patch-panel port 138 (for example, by including a patch panel identifier and a port identifier). The information about the fiber patch panel 108 that is provided to the aggregation point 152 includes, in this example, a port map that associates each patch-panel port 138 with one of the fiber pairs in the optical trunk cable 144.
The processing associated with blocks 308-312 is performed for each of the first and second patch-panel ports 138.
Method 300 further comprises reading information from each trunk-cable storage device 150 attached to the optical trunk cable 144 (block 314) and providing to the aggregation point 152 the read information along with information about the associated fiber patch panel 108 and associated trunk connector 148 (block 316). Method 300 further comprises receiving this information at the aggregation point 152 and adding it to the database maintained by the aggregation point 152 (block 318).
In this example, when the multi-fiber connector 146 attached to each end of the trunk cable 144 is connected to the trunk connector 148 of each of the first and second fiber patch panels 108, the software 140 associated with that respective fiber patch panel 108 reads information from the associated trunk-cable storage device 150 using the storage-device interface implemented between the connectors 146 and 148 and communicates the read information to the aggregation point 152. In association with the information read from trunk-cable storage device 150, the software 140 communicates to the aggregation point 152 information that associates that optical trunk cable 144 (and the associated multi-fiber connector 146) with the trunk connector 148 it is inserted into and the associated fiber patch panel 108. The aggregation point 152 receives this information and adds it to the database it maintains.
The information read from the trunk-cable storage device 150 can include, for example, an identifier for the trunk cable 144. Also, the information read from the trunk-cable storage device 150 can include other information about the trunk cable 144 or the associated multi-fiber connector 146. Other examples of media information that can be read from the trunk-cable storage device 150 are described above. The information read from the trunk-cable storage device 150 is provided to the aggregation point 152 along with information that identifies the fiber patch panel 108 and the trunk connector 148 (for example, by including a patch panel identifier and a trunk connector identifier).
The processing associated with blocks 314-318 is performed for each of the trunk connectors 148.
Although blocks 302-306, blocks 308-312, and 314-318 are arranged sequentially in
Method further comprises associating the first active optical module 102 with the second active optical module 102 using the information provided to the aggregation point 152 (block 320 shown in
The aggregation point 152 responds to such a request by using the information it maintains in its database to “walk” or “trace” the communication path formed from that authenticated port 106 to the other end of the logical communication path of which the identified active optical module 102 is a part. This information includes information that was previously communicated to the aggregation point 152 from the switches 104, fiber patch panels 108, etc. and stored in the database
In this example, the aggregation point 152 is able to associate the first active optical module 102 with the first passive optical connector 118 based on the segment identifier that is stored in both the active-end storage device 128 and the passive-end storage device 132. As noted above, this information was communicated to the aggregation point 152 in connection with the processing described above in connection with blocks 302-306.
The aggregation point 152 is able to associate the first passive optical connector 118 (and, therefore, the first active optical module 102) with the first patch panel port 138 based on the information provided to it by the first patch panel 108, which associates the connector identifier for the first passive optical connector 118 with the port identifier for the first patch-panel port 138. Also, the port map for the first fiber patch panel 108 provided to the aggregation point 152 by the first patch panel 108 is used to associate the first fiber patch-panel port 138 (and, therefore, the first passive optical connector 118, and the first active optical module 102) to one of the fiber pairs in the optical trunk cable 144. Likewise, the port map for the second fiber patch panel 108 provided to the aggregation point 152 by the second fiber patch panel 108 is used to associate that fiber pair in the optical trunk cable 144 with the second patch-panel port 138 of the second fiber patch panel 108. The aggregation point 152 is able to associate the second patch-panel port 138 (and, therefore, the first patch-panel port 138, the first passive optical connector 118, and the first active optical module 102) with the passive optical connector 118 attached to the second active optical cable segment 110. The aggregation point 152 does this using the information provided to it by the second fiber patch panel 108, which associates the port identifier for the second patch-panel port 138 with the segment identifier for the second active optical cable segment 110.
The aggregation point 152 is able to associate the passive optical connector 118 attached to the second active optical cable segment 110 to the second active optical module 102 attached to the active end 114 of the second active optical cable segment 110 based on the module or segment identifier that is stored in both the active-end storage device 128 and the passive-end storage device 132 that are attached to the second active optical cable segment 110. As noted above, this information was communicated to the aggregation point 152 in connection with the processing described above in connection with blocks 302-306. The aggregation point 152 is able to associate the second active optical cable segment 110 (and the second active optical module 102 attached thereto) to the second authenticated port 106 based on the information provided to it by the second switch 104, which associates the module or segment identifier for the second active optical module 102 (and/or the active optical cable segment 110 of which it is part) with the port identifier for the second authenticated port 106.
In this way, the aggregation point 152 is able to associate the first active optical module 102 with the second active optical module 102. The aggregation point 152 responds to the request from the authentication point 154 by sending a message that identifies the second active optical module 102 as being at the other end of the logical communication path that the first active optical module 102 is a part of.
Method 300 further comprises authenticating the first and second active optical modules 102 using the authentication information (block 322). In this example, the authentication entity 154 authenticates each of the first and second active optical modules 102 by using the associated segment identifier for that module 102 to look up the private key assigned to the module 102, decrypting the encrypted response data using that private key, and then comparing the decrypted response data to the challenge data. If the decrypted response data matches the challenge data, that module 102 is considered authentic.
Method 300 further comprises enabling the first and second authenticated ports 106 for use with the first and second active optical modules 102 if both of the first and second active optical modules 102 are successfully authenticated (block 324). In this example, if both the first and second active optical modules 102 are successfully authenticated by the authentication entity 154, the authentication entity 154 sends messages to both the first and second switches 104 instructing those switches 104 to enable the first and second authenticated ports 106, respectively. In this example, if either one of the first and second active optical modules 102 is not successfully authenticated by the authentication entity 154, the authentication entity 154 sends messages to both the first and second switches 104 instructing those switches 104 to not enable (or to disable) the first and second authenticated ports 106, respectively.
In some situations, the manufacturer of the switches 104 and/or the active optical module 102 may not want the identifiers used in authenticating the active optical module 102 to be used for other purposes (including for the purpose of the aggregation point 152 associating one active optical module 102 with another active optical module 102).
To address this, the segment identifier that is stored in the passive-end storage device 132 and used by the aggregation point 152 to identify the active optical module 102 can comprise a predetermined bit sequence that is derived from a fixed part of the encrypted data stored in the active-end storage device 128. This predetermined bit sequence can be a subset of the fixed part of the encrypted data or can be generated from the fixed part of the encrypted data (or a subset thereof) (for example, using a hash function).
This predetermined bit sequence need only be sufficient to uniquely identify the active optical module 102 (and the associated active optical cable segment 110), and it does not need to correspond to the identifier used by the authentication entity 154 in authenticating the active optical module 102. In this way, the aggregation point 152 will be able to uniquely identify each active optical cable segment 110 and active optical modules 102 while preserving the secrecy of the identifiers used for authenticating the active optical modules 102.
A number of embodiments have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications to the described embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention.
Example 1 includes a method of authenticating first and second active optical modules that terminate first and second active optical cable segments, each of which having a respective active end and a respective passive end, the method comprising: reading information from active-end storage devices attached to the respective active ends of the first and second active optical modules; providing information read from the active-end storage devices to an aggregation point; reading information from passive-end storage devices attached to the respective passive ends of the first and second active optical cable segments; providing information read from passive-end storage devices to the aggregation point; and authenticating the first and second active optical modules using information provided to the aggregation point.
Example 2 includes the method of Example 1, wherein the passive end of the first active optical cable segment is connected to a first port of a first passive optical interconnect and wherein the passive end of the second active optical cable segment is connected to a second port of a second passive optical interconnect.
Example 3 includes the method of Example 2, wherein the first and second passive optical interconnect are communicatively coupled to one another using a trunk cable, wherein the method further comprises providing information about the trunk cable to the aggregation point.
Example 4 includes a system for use with a first and second active optical cable segment, each of the first and second active optical cable segments having a respective active end and a passive end, the system comprising: first and second host devices, the first host device having a first authenticated port and the second host device having a second authenticated port; wherein the first authenticated port is configured so that a respective electrical connector terminating the respective active end of the first active optical cable segment can be coupled to the first authenticated port, wherein the first authenticated port is also configured to provide access to a first active-end storage device associated with the active end of the first active optical cable segment when the first active optical cable segment is coupled to the first authenticated port; and wherein the second authenticated port is configured so that a respective electrical connector terminating a respective active end of a second active optical cable segment can be coupled to the second authenticated port, wherein the second authenticated port is also configured to provide access to a second active-end storage device associated with the active end of the second active optical cable segment when the second active optical cable segment is coupled to the second authenticated port; wherein the system further comprises first and second passive optical interconnects, the first passive optical interconnect comprising a first port and the second passive optical interconnect comprising a second port; wherein the first port is configured so that a respective passive optical connector terminating the respective passive end of the first active optical cable segment can be coupled to the first port, wherein the first port is also configured to provide access to a first passive-end storage device associated with the passive end of the first active optical cable segment when the first active optical cable segment is coupled to the first port; wherein the second port is configured so that a respective optical passive connector terminating the respective passive end of the second active optical cable segment can be coupled to the second port, wherein the second port is also configured to provide access to a second passive-end storage device associated with the passive end of the second active optical cable segment when the second active optical cable segment is coupled to the second port; wherein the first and second ports are communicatively coupled to one another via one or more other cable segments; and wherein an active optical communication path can be established between the first authenticated port and the second authenticated port using the first active optical cable segment, the second active optical cable segment, and one or more passive cable segments; wherein the system further comprises an aggregation point that is communicatively coupled to the first and second host devices and the first and second passive optical interconnects; wherein the aggregation point is configured to receive: information read from the first and second active-end storage devices attached to the first and second active optical cable segments, respectively; information read from the first and second passive-end storage devices attached to the first and second active optical cable segments, respectively; and information about the one or more other cable segments used to establish the active optical communication path between the first and second authenticated ports; and wherein the system further comprises an aggregation point that is communicatively coupled to the aggregation point and the first and second host devices, wherein information indicative of the active optical communication path is communicated from the aggregation point to the authentication entity in connection with authenticating the first and second active optical cable segments for use with the first and second authenticated ports.
Example 5 includes the system of Example 4, wherein the information read from the first and second active-end storage devices attached to the first and second active optical cable segments, respectively, includes encrypted authentication information.
Example 6 includes the system of Example 5, wherein each of the first and second host devices is configured to do the following in connection with reading the encrypted authentication information from the first and second active-end storage devices, respectively: write respective challenge data to the first or second active-end storage device, respectively; read a respective encrypted response from the first or second active-end storage device, respectively, wherein the respective encrypted response is generated and stored in the first or second active-end storage device by the first or second active optical cable segment by encrypting the respective challenge data using a respective private key.
Example 7 includes the system of any of Examples 4-6, wherein the host devices comprises one or more of: switches, routers, gateways, access points, server computers, end-user computers, appliance computers, network-attached storage (NAS) devices, and nodes of a storage area network (SAN).
Example 8 includes the system of any of Examples 4-7, wherein the passive optical interconnects comprise at least one of: fiber patch panels, fiber distribution hubs (FDH), fiber splice panels, fiber trays, and fiber termination points.
Example 9 includes the system of any of Examples 4-8, wherein each active optical cable segment comprises: one or more optical fibers; an active optical module at the active end of the optical fibers; a passive optical connector at the passive end of the optical fibers.
Example 10 includes the system of any of the Examples 49, wherein each active optical module comprises: an optical transceiver; a controller; the active-end storage device; and an electrical connector.
Example 11 includes the system of any of Examples 4-10, wherein the first and second passive optical interconnects comprise first and second fiber patch panels, respectively, including the first and second ports, respectively, wherein the first and second fiber patch panels are communicatively coupled to one another using an optical trunk cable, wherein the optical trunk cable communicatively couples the first port of the first fiber patch panel to the second port of the second fiber patch panel.
Example 12 includes the system of Example 11, wherein the optical trunk cable comprises first and second multi-fiber connectors at ends thereof, wherein each multi-fiber connector comprises a respective trunk-cable storage device in which information about the optical trunk cable is stored.
Example 13 includes the system of Example 12, wherein the aggregation point is configured to receive information read from the first and second trunk-cable storage devices.
Example 14 includes the system of any of Examples 4-13, wherein respective identifiers for the first and second active optical cable segments communicated to the aggregation point differ from respective identifiers for the first and second active optical cable segments used by the authentication entity for the authenticating the first and second active optical cable segments.
Example 15 includes the system of Example 14, wherein each of the identifiers for the first and second active optical cable segments communicated to the aggregation point comprises a predetermined bit sequence based on a portion of a fixed part of the information stored in the respective first or second active-end storage device.
Example 16 includes the system of any of Examples 4-15, wherein the active optical cable segments comprise at least one of an ETHERNET cable segment, a FIBRE CHANNEL cable segment, an INFINIBAND cable segment, a Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) cable segment, and a SONET/SDH cable segment.
Example 17 includes a cable comprising at least a first optical fiber extending from a first end to a second end; an active optical component terminating the first end of the first optical fiber, the active optical component including an electrical connector configured to receive electrical signals converted from optical signals carried over the first optical fiber, and the active optical component including a first storage device that is electrically connected to the electrical connector; and a fiber optic connector terminating the second end of the first optical fiber, the fiber optic connector including an optical ferrule that is configured to receive optical signals carried over the first optical fiber, the fiber optic connector including a second storage device and a media reading interface that are isolated from the optical signals carried over the first optical fiber, wherein the second storage device is electrically connected to the media reading interface.
Example 18 includes the cable of Example 17, wherein at least a first optical fiber comprises a plurality of optical fibers, wherein the active optical component terminates a first end of each of the optical fibers.
Example 19 includes the cable of Example 18, wherein the fiber optic connector terminates a second end of each of the optical fibers.
Example 20 includes the cable of any of Examples 18-19, wherein a second end of each of the optical fibers is separately terminated at a single fiber optical connector.
This applicationReissue Application is a reissue of application Ser. No. 13/707,908, filed Dec. 7, 2012, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 9,038,141 and which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/567,755, filed on Dec. 7, 2011, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61567755 | Dec 2011 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13707908 | Dec 2012 | US |
| Child | 15600121 | US |
