Patent Application
20180071151
The present invention pertains to the application of compositions to webs and the resultant webs thereof.
Nonwovens, films, and laminates thereof are widely used in disposable absorbent article manufacturing. For example, many commercially available disposable absorbent articles utilize a nonwoven topsheet and some may use a nonwoven/film laminate backsheet. Many of these articles comprise printing on the nonwoven and/or film.
Typically, it is desired for operations like printing to occur at the normal operating speed of the manufacturing line. As such, registration marks are often utilized in conjunction with vision systems to trigger certain operations. Typically, printing may be offset to some extent in a machine direction and to some extent in a cross machine direction. In general, any offset would be passed along to the entirety of the print design such that the entire print design would be offset. So as long as the offset in either the machine direction or the cross machine direction was not too great, the print design would appear in tolerance with respect to the article.
However, where printing is desired to be based upon particular features of the article, there is increased complexity. For example, where the printing is desired to coincide with the features, to overlap features, or to be spaced from features, an offset between the printing and the desired location could impact functionality and/or falsely highlight features which are not desired. As a specific example, where printing is desired to coincide with apertures in a topsheet of an article, any offset in the machine direction and/or cross machine direction can cause the printing to be offset from the aperture.
Based on the foregoing, there is a need for a process which can effectively deposit compositions based upon particular features on the web or vice versa.
The present invention provides systems and methods for applying compositions on a web and resultant webs created therefrom. In some forms of the present invention, an inspection/print station is provided which can detect one or more discontinuities. With such forms, one or more composition sites may be provided to a web in accordance with a pre-rendered pattern which most closely correlates to one or more detected discontinuities. In addition to or independently from the foregoing, one or more detected discontinuities may be provided to a web which correlates to one or more composition sites. In addition to or independently from the foregoing, the inspection/print station may detect one or more features and generate a print pattern based upon the one or more detected features.
In other forms of the present invention, an absorbent article comprises a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet. The absorbent article further comprises a web having a first surface and an opposing second surface, the web comprising a plurality of discontinuities each having a distal end and sidewalls joining the distal end to the first surface or the second surface; a plurality of openings corresponding to the discontinuities, wherein openings are disposed opposite distal ends of the discontinuities; a plurality of land areas disposed between adjacent discontinuities and adjacent openings; and wherein the web further comprises a plurality of first composition sites comprising a plurality of composition dots, wherein at least a portion of the distal ends or at least a portion of the land areas of the web comprise first composition sites. And, the web forms a portion of the topsheet of the absorbent article.
The systems and methods of the present invention can facilitate the deposition of a composition or a plurality of compositions associated with discontinuities on a secondary web. For the purposes of the present disclosure, nonwoven webs, film webs, and laminates thereof will be generically referred to as a “web” unless otherwise expressed.
As used herein “hydrophilic” and “hydrophobic” have meanings as well established in the art with respect to the contact angle of a referenced liquid on the surface of a material. Thus, a material having a liquid contact angle of greater than about 90 degrees is considered hydrophobic, and a material having a liquid contact angle of less than about 90 degrees is considered hydrophilic. Compositions which are hydrophobic, will increase the contact angle of a referenced liquid on the surface of a material while compositions which are hydrophilic will decrease the contact angle of a referenced liquid on the surface of a material. Notwithstanding the foregoing, reference to relative hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity between a material and a composition, between two materials, and/or between two compositions, does not imply that the materials or compositions are hydrophobic or hydrophilic. For example, a composition may be more hydrophobic than a material. In such a case neither the composition nor the material may be hydrophobic; however, the contact angle exhibited by the composition is greater than that of the material. As another example, a composition may be more hydrophilic than a material. In such a case, neither the composition nor the material may be hydrophilic; however, the contact angle exhibited by the composition may be less than that exhibited by the material.
As used herein the term “print file” shall mean any streamed or batched electronic sequence provided to a printer such that all required rendering and formatting has been completed sufficient to allow the printer to execute a print pattern without further prerequisite processing or rendering. Various printers may require that the sequence be provided in specific formats. The sequences may have proprietary layers for either the protocols or the physical layers. Common examples include USB, USB 3.0, USB 3.1, Ethernet 10/100, Ethernet IP, GigE, CameraLink, Coax-Express, LVDS, TTL, RS485, RS422, and Serial Comm ; however, the printer may require its own unique protocols instead of industry common protocols.
The process pertains to the deposition of compositions onto a web. The composition deposition may include a plurality of composition sites which are based upon discontinuities. In some forms however, at least one composition site may be deposited on a web prior to the formation of the discontinuity. For example, in some forms of the present invention, one or more composition sites may be deposited on a web. Subsequently, the web may be manipulated thereby forming discontinuities.
The first unit operation 140 may provide the precursor web 10 with a first plurality of discontinuities 111 (see
While
As shown, inspection/print station 135 may comprise a camera 131 which is in signal communication 132 with a computational device 121 and a printer 141 in signal communication with the computational device 121. The camera 131 may capture an image or multiple images of the secondary web 180 and transmit the image or images to the computational device 121. The computational device 121 analyzes the image or images and may provide a signal to the printer 141 such that composition may be deposited by the printer 141 onto the secondary web 140.
In some forms of the present invention, the composition provided by the printer 141 may be registered with at least a portion of the first plurality of discontinuities 111 (see
With regard to
Forms of the present invention are contemplated where the camera 131 is positioned on the upstream side of the first unit operation 140. In such forms, the camera 131 may capture an image or images of the precursor web 10 and provide the image or images to the computational device 121. In such forms, the composition(s) provided by the printer 141 may be highlighted such that the location of the composition(s) may be determined. From their location, the first unit operation 140 may be advanced or retarded such that the composition(s) are associated with the discontinuities 111 in the secondary web 180 as desired.
Regarding
Referring to
As noted previously, the web can track in the CD direction as the web moves through the apparatus 100 (shown in
And, for those forms requiring the composition(s) to be highlighted for location determination, the composition sites may be evaluated in the same manner as described above. Namely, the phase shift of the composition sites may be evaluated.
It is worth noting that the machine centerline 130 is a fixed reference. The discontinuities described herein are not required to straddle the centerline. For example, the discontinuities may be—by design—spaced from the machine centerline 130. In such cases, the discontinuities would be evaluated regarding their predetermined location from the machine centerline 130. Any offset from the predetermined location would be evaluated as a phase shift of greater than or less than zero.
Referring again to
After the determination of the phase shift of the first group 111A, second group 111B and/or third group 111C, the computational device 121 may compare the determined phase shift to a plurality of stored pre-rendered patterns. The computational device 121 may then choose which of the stored patterns most closely correlates to the determined phase shift of the first group 111A, second group 111B, and/or third group 111C. The computational device 121 may then provide the chosen stored pattern to the printer 141 for the first group 111A, second group 111B, and/or third group 111C such that composition could be applied to the secondary web 180 in the case of
With the provision of the chosen stored pattern by the computational device 121, the printer 141 then applies composition to the precursor web 10 or the secondary web 180 depending on the orientation of the inspection/print station 135 disclosed herein. Regardless of the arrangement, the resultant secondary web 180 may comprise the first plurality of discontinuities 111 and a first plurality of composition sites 235 (shown in
In some forms of the present invention, the camera 131 may provide images directly to the printer 141. For example, as noted previously, the camera 131 may capture an image or image(s) with respect to the intermediate features and/or discontinuities. The camera 131 may then provide the image(s) directly to the printer 141 as a print file. The printer 141 may then apply compositions to the web in accordance with the image(s) provided by the camera 131. In such forms, there may be no need to have stored pre-rendered patterns for comparison.
As shown in
In some forms, the first plurality of composition sites 135 may be based upon the determined phase shift of the first group 111A of discontinuities 111. The printer 141 may also deposit a second plurality of composition sites according to a second stored pre-rendered pattern. The second plurality of composition sites may be based upon the determined phase shift of the second group 111B of discontinuities 111. In some forms, the first stored pre-rendered pattern may be different than the second stored pre-rendered pattern. Additionally, the printer 141 may also deposit a third plurality of composition sites according to a third stored pre-rendered pattern. The third plurality of composition sites may be based upon the determined phase shift of the third group 111C of discontinuities 111. In some forms, the first stored, pre-rendered pattern, the second stored, pre-rendered pattern, and/or the third stored, pre-rendered pattern may be different.
Referring to
Each of the discontinuities 111 of the present disclosure may comprise at least one composition site. For example, a composition site 235C may be provided on the distal ends 354 of the discontinuities 111. As another example, composition site 235A and/or 235B may be provided on the sidewalls 356 of the discontinuity. As yet another example, composition sites 235D may be provided on a land area 340 between adjacent discontinuities 111. Forms of the present invention are contemplated where secondary webs 180 of the present invention comprise at least one of the composition sites 235A, 235B, 235C, 235D, or any combination thereof. Additionally, forms of the present invention are contemplated where each of the composition sites 235A, 235B, 235C, 235D comprise a different compositions or wherein at least two or at least three of the foregoing composition sites comprise differing compositions.
As shown in
As shown in
It is worth noting that where the application of composition is desired on an inner-facing surface of the discontinuity 111, some additional challenges may present themselves. For example, as web processing is generally a continuous operation, it may be difficult to apply composition on the inner-facing surface of a discontinuity on a moving web. And, stopping the web, even for a brief instance, introduces additional cost to the manufacturing of the web. However, the arrangement of the printer in
Referring back to
Referring back to
Specific forms of the present invention are provided with regard to prophetic examples E1through E12. For each of the prophetic examples E1 though E12, the discontinuities of the present disclosure are oriented in the positive Z-direction, as shown in
For the prophetic examples of E8 through E9, the precursor web may be hydrophobic. For example, in some forms, the precursor web may comprise a hydrophobic melt additive. Webs comprising melt additives are discussed in additional detail in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/849630 and 62/305726.
In contrast to the above prophetic examples E8 and E9, forms of the present invention are contemplated where the precursor web comprises a hydrophilic melt additive or is otherwise hydrophilic. Prophetic examples E10 through E12 are described based upon this condition of the precursor web.
Specific forms of the present invention are provided with regard to prophetic examples E13 through E23. For each of the prophetic examples E13 though E23, the discontinuities of the present disclosure are oriented in the negative Z-direction, as shown in
For the prophetic examples of E20 through E21, the precursor web may be hydrophobic. For example, in some forms, the precursor web may comprise a hydrophobic melt additive. Webs comprising melt additives are discussed in additional detail in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/849630 and 62/305726.
In contrast to the above prophetic examples E20 and E21, forms of the present invention are contemplated where the precursor web comprises a hydrophilic melt additive or is otherwise hydrophilic. Prophetic examples E22 through E23 are described based upon this condition of the precursor web.
As noted previously, the discontinuities of the present invention generally comprise a similar macro structure but may have vastly different micro structure. A1so, the discontinuities of the present invention may comprise a variety of different forms. Exemplary discontinuities for use with the present invention are provided herein.
One specific example of a discontinuity for use in with the present invention comprises embossments. The first unit operation 140 (shown in
In contrast to fusion bond sites, discussed hereafter, embossments 420 do not comprise the fusion of the constituent material of the secondary web 180 to adjacent materials. Instead, embossments 411 tend to compress the precursor web 10. Embossments 411 can vary acquisition rates in an absorbent article. For example, where the secondary web 180 forms a portion of a topsheet of an absorbent article, the embossment 411 may not readily receive a liquid insult. Instead, the embossment 411 may act as a liquid highway which can distribute the insult to multiple areas of an absorbent core in the absorbent article.
An exemplary cross section of the secondary web 180 in an absorbent article 421 is shown in
Composition sites may be applied to the secondary web 180 as described heretofore with regard to
Other forms of the present invention are contemplated where the composition sites 490 comprises a hydrophilic composition. In such forms, the hydrophilic composition may facilitate fluid acquisition by the embossments 411. It is worth noting however, that in such forms, the level of compression in the embossments 411 can offset the hydrophilic composition. For example, where the embossments 411 are formed with high compression, the embossments 411 have an increased density which generally inhibits fluid acquisition. In contrast, embossments 411 derived from lighter compression can drive better interaction between layers of the absorbent article 421 which can improve liquid acquisition. Forms of the present invention are also contemplated where composition sites are provided on the land areas 440 of the absorbent article 421. In such forms, these composition sites may have a similar composition or a different composition than what is provided in the composition sites 490.
Any suitable embossment pattern may be utilized in conjunction with the secondary web 180 of the present invention. Some suitable examples of embossment patterns are provided with regard to U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,170,393; 6,652,500; 7,056,404; 8,030,535; 8,492,609; 8,496,775; and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2013/0281953; and 2014/0031779.
The discontinuities of the present invention may comprise tunnel tufts or filled tufts as provided herein. The tunnel tufts or filled tufts may be utilized in conjunction with the embossments described herein. Referring to
The apparatus described in the publications above can urge the material of the precursor web in the positive Z-direction (see
As shown, each of the tunnel tufts 570, filled tufts 572, and outer tufts 530 comprise a base 550, a distal end 554, 555 spaced from the base 550, and sidewalls 556, 557 between the base 550 and the distal end 554, 555. As shown, a composition site 590 may be associated with the tunnel tuft 570, filled tuft 572, or with the outer tuft 530. An opening 585 in the second layer 535 or strata or in the first layer 525 or strata generally corresponds to the outer tuft 530, tunnel tuft 570, or filled tuft 572.
In the forms shown in
Referring specifically to
Similarly, the tufts 572 shown in
With regard to the tunnel tufts 570, filled tufts 572, and outer tufts 530 oriented in the negative Z-direction, as shown in
Regarding
Regarding
In contrast to the tunnel tufts 570 shown in
Where the secondary webs 180 of the present invention comprise crimped filaments, the secondary web 180 has a higher caliper for a given basis weight. This higher caliper can in turn deliver consumer benefits of comfort due to cushiony softness, faster absorbency due to higher permeability, and improved masking. Additional benefits may include less redmarking, higher breathability and resiliency.
Yet another example of discontinuities which may be utilized in the present invention comprise nested tufts. Methods and apparatuses for making webs comprising nested tufts are described in U.S. Patent Publication Nos. US 2012/0064298 and 2016/0074252.
A schematic cross section of an exemplary nested tuft is shown in
For those forms of the present invention where the nested tufts 632 extend in the negative Z-direction (away from a user of a disposable absorbent article)—assuming the secondary web 180 is being used as a topsheet—the composition site 690 may comprise a hydrophilic composition. For those forms of the present invention where the nested tufts 632 extend in the positive Z-direction (toward the user of a disposable absorbent article)—assuming the secondary web 180 is being used as a topsheet—the composition site 690 may comprise a hydrophobic composition.
Where the nested tufts 632 are oriented in the negative Z-direction, forms of the present invention are contemplated where the composition is disposed on an inner surface of the sidewalls and/or inner surface of the distal end of the nested tufts. Such forms may be beneficial where the secondary web 180 forms a portion of a topsheet of a disposable absorbent article—with the distal ends 654 oriented toward an absorbent core of the disposable absorbent article—in that a hydrophilic composition on the inner surface can improve acquisition speeds of liquid insults. In contrast, if the hydrophilic composition were instead disposed on an outer surface, liquid insults may not have easy access to the hydrophilic composition which may negatively impact liquid acquisition speeds of the topsheet. This aspect may be particularly relevant where the constituent chemistry of the material of the secondary web 180 is hydrophobic.
Additionally, forms of the present invention are contemplated where, the secondary web 180 comprises multiple layers or multiple strata. The nested tufts 632 described herein may be formed in a secondary web comprising multiple layers or multiple strata.
Additional tufts are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0121624.
The discontinuities of the present invention may additionally comprise corrugations comprising ridges and grooves. Schematic cross sections of secondary webs comprising corrugations are provided with regard to
As shown, the secondary web 180 of the present invention may comprise ridges 770 which can extend in a direction generally parallel to the MD or generally parallel to the CD. The ridges 770 may comprise any suitable shape. For example, as shown, the ridges 770 may have an arcuate shape. As another example, the ridges 770 may comprise a triangular shape. Regardless of the shape, the ridges 770 may comprise—similar to their tuft counterparts—a distal end 754 and sidewalls 756 extending from a groove 775. Additionally, examples are contemplated where a nonwoven web constructed in accordance with the present invention comprises at least one ridge having an arcuate shape and one ridge comprising a triangular shape.
As shown, the secondary web 180 may comprise composition sites 790 disposed on the distal ends 754 of the ridges 770. The composition sites 790 may also be disposed on at least a portion of the sidewalls 756. Forms are contemplated where the composition sites 790 are provided to only a portion of the distal ends 754 of the secondary web 180. Additional forms are contemplated where the composition sites 790 are provided to the distal ends 754 of all of the ridges 770 of the secondary web 180.
Additionally, in some forms of the present invention, composition sites 795 may be provided to the grooves 775 of the secondary web 180. In some forms, the composition sites 795 may be provided to each of the grooves between adjacent ridges 770. In some forms, the composition sites 795 may be provided to only a portion of the grooves 775 between adjacent ridges 770.
In some forms, the composition sites 790 may be provided sans the composition sites 795 and vice versa. Additionally, the composition provided in the composition sites 790 may be the same as or different from the composition provided in the composition sites 795. Additionally, forms of the present invention are contemplated where composition sites are provided on an inner surface of the ridges 770 or an inner-surface of the grooves 775.
Additional forms of the present invention are contemplated where the secondary web 180 described with regard to
Another example of a secondary web 180 comprising corrugations is shown with regard to
In the case of a nonwoven, the basis weight is also decreased in the stretched areas, again resulting in a web with alternating regions of higher and lower basis weight, with the higher basis weight regions located in the tops of the ridges and bottoms of the grooves, and the lower basis weight regions located in the sidewalls in-between.
Webs made by the processes and apparatuses described herein may comprise ridges that run discontinuously across a deformed zone, or, ridges that run continuously across a deformed zone. To create such apertured web materials, the rolls used may comprise zones of ridges and grooves. Or, the rolls can have zones where the ridges are different heights, thereby creating differing depth of engagement (DOE), differing depth below the raised ridge, and thus apertures with differing widths and open areas. A1ternatively or in addition, the rolls may comprise different zones, wherein ridge heights are different in different zones.
Still in other forms of the present invention, the secondary web 180 may comprise rib like elements 3770 (corrugations) shown in
Referring now to
For the forms of the invention described in
Still another exemplary process which may be utilized as a first unit operation 140 (shown in
As shown in
Processes and apparatuses for forming fusion bonds in laminate structures is provided in additional detail in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2015/0173961.
The discontinuities described herein may be utilized in any suitable combination with one another. For example, a secondary web may comprise tunnel tufts, nested tufts, outer tufts, embossments, and/or fusion bonds. As another example, a secondary web may comprise filled tufts, outer tufts, embossments and/or fusion bonds. As yet another example, a secondary web may comprise corrugations, embossments, and/or fusion bonds.
Additionally, the precursor or secondary webs described herein may comprise apertures which can enhance fluid acquisition times. The apertures may be utilized in conjunction with any of the discontinuities described herein or any combination of discontinuities described herein.
The apertures may be produced by any suitable method. Some suitable methods include stretch aperturing as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,658,639; 5,628,097; 5,916,661; 7,917,985; and U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0021951. Additional processes are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,679,391 and 8,158,043, and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2001/0024940 and 2012/0282436. Other methods for aperturing webs are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,566,726; 4,634,440; and 4,780,352.
The apertures may be arranged in any suitable manner In some forms, the apertures may be arranged such that the apertures form indicia on an absorbent article. Exemplary aperture arrays/patterns are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2016/0129661. Additionally, forms are contemplated where the precursor web and/or secondary web comprises apertures which are treated with a composition, e.g. a surfactant. Such treatment can facilitate fluid acquisition by the apertures. Treatment of apertures via non-contact printing methods are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Ser. No. 62/291709.
Additional forms of the present invention are contemplated where the discontinuities form a shaped web. Shaped webs are a shaped nonwoven fabric directly formed on a shaped forming belt with continuous spunbond filaments in a single forming process. The web of the present disclosure can assume a shape which corresponds to the shape of the forming belt.
As shown in
Importantly, the web 1800, in addition to taking the shape of the forming belt, because of the attributes of the forming belt and the apparatus for forming the fabric is imparted with beneficial properties for use in personal care articles, garments, medical products, and cleaning products. Specifically, because of the nature of the forming belt and other apparatus elements, as described below, the three-dimensional features of the web 1800 have intensive properties that can differ from feature to feature in ways that provide for beneficial properties of the web 1800 when used in personal care articles, garments, medical products, and cleaning products. For example, first three-dimensional feature 1820 can have a basis weight or density that is different from the basis weight or density of second three-dimensional feature 1822, and both can have a basis weight or density that is different from that of third three-dimensional feature 1824, providing for beneficial aesthetic and functional properties related to fluid acquisition, distribution and/or absorption in diapers or sanitary napkins.
Forms of the present invention are contemplated where composition is provided on at least a portion of the first three-dimensional feature 1820, at least a portion of the second three-dimensional features 1822 and/or at least a portion of the third three-dimensional features 1824. In some forms, the composition provided on the first three-dimensional features 1820 may be more hydrophobic than the composition provided to the third three-dimensional features 1824. In some forms, the composition provided to the first three-dimensional feature 1820 may be more hydrophilic than the composition provided to the third three-dimensional features 1824. In such forms, the composition provided to the third three-dimensional features 1824 may be a blood modifying agent.
Additional details regarding shaped webs 1800 and processes of making shaped webs 1800 is discussed in additional detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/221624.
Referring generally to
The land areas 2412 may be positioned intermediate: (1) adjacent projections 2416, (2) adjacent recesses 2414 and/or adjacent apertures 2422. The land areas 2412 may also surround at least a portion of, or all of, a majority of, or all of, the recesses 2414 and/or the apertures and at least a majority of, or all of, the projections 2416. The land areas 2412 may be positioned between a plane of a perimeter of at least a majority of the apertures 2422 and a plane of at least a majority of the top peaks 2425 of the projections 2416.
Forms of the present invention are contemplated where webs of the present disclosure comprise compositions applied to a plurality of the projections 2416, a plurality of the land areas 2412, a plurality of recesses 2414, and/or a plurality of apertures 2422. For example, where the plurality of projections are facing in the positive Z-direction and form a portion of a topsheet of a disposable absorbent article, a hydrophobic composition may be applied to distal ends of a plurality of the projections 2416. In conjunction therewith, or independently therefrom, a composition may be applied to a plurality of land areas 2412. In such forms, the composition may be hydrophilic. In conjunction with the foregoing, or independently therefrom, a composition may be applied to the land areas 2414 and/or the apertures 2422. In such forms, the composition may be hydrophilic. In some forms, the composition may be a hydrophobic blood modifying agent as disclosed herein.
The projections 2416, land areas 2412, recesses 2414, and apertures 2422 are described in additional detail along with description on how to make such webs in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2015/0250662A1 and 2015/0250663A1.
The projections 2416 may be configured as described heretofore with regard to
Forms of the present invention are contemplated where the apparatus 100 of
Still referring to
Additional processes are contemplated which do not utilize a visual system. Examples are provided with regard to
Heretofore, the application of composition(s) to the precursor web, secondary web, and/or tertiary web have been via a printer, i.e. non-contact deposition. However, forms of the present invention are contemplated where contact methods may be utilized. For example, a slot gun may be utilized to deposit composition(s) on the precursor, secondary, and/or tertiary web. As shown in
For the deposition of discrete composition areas, particularly on the distal ends of the discontinuities, the secondary web 180 may require tensioning upstream and downstream of the nozzle 1250 to minimize Z-direction movement of the secondary web 180. Additionally, depending on the height of the discontinuity and the viscosity of the composition being extruded through the nozzle 1250, the inlet/outlet angle of the secondary web 180 with respect to the nozzle 1250 may need to be adjusted.
For those forms where the second surface 237 of the secondary web 180 is desired to comprise a plurality of composition sites, where interconnectedness of the composition sites is preferred, the discontinuities of the secondary web 180 may be oriented in the positive Z-direction. In such forms, composition extruded by the nozzle 1250 would be deposited on the second surface 237 of the secondary web 180 sans the openings in the second surface 237.
In some forms, as shown in
Forms of the present invention are contemplated where one nozzle may comprise multiple slots from which compositions can be extruded. In such forms, one nozzle may deposit a plurality of compositions on the secondary web 180. For example, a nozzle may deposit a first composition in a center zone of the secondary web 180 and deposit a second composition in a second and/or third zone spaced from one another in the CD via the central zone. In some forms, the first composition may be different than the second composition. In other forms, a third composition may be deposited on the third zone. In such forms, the third composition may be different than the second composition and the first composition.
In general, application of compositions via a slot gun can allow for much greater basis weight of composition deposition than non-contact printing. However, application of compositions via slot gun do not allow for precision application as described above with regard to non-contact printing. Slot guns may similarly be utilized to deposit composition(s) on the tertiary webs 1080 (shown in
The slot gun device is disclosed in additional detail in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/405,456 titled “Method and Device for Applying Fluids to Substrates” filed Apr. 2, 2003 by Lippelt and assigned to Nordson Corp. Versions of slot gun device are commercially available as Meltex Series Model No. EP-11 and EP-12 slot guns from Nordson Corp., Duluth, Ga.
Still other forms of the present invention are contemplated where a combination of non-contact printing and contact deposition are utilized. For example, as shown in
The slot guns 1250 and 1251 may be positioned in any suitable location. The printers 1341 and 1342 may similarly be configured/arranged in any suitable configuration as described herein.
In some forms of the present invention, the printer 141 (shown in
As discussed previously, the precursor web may comprise a single layer or multiple layers of material. For example, the precursor web may comprise a nonwoven layer. As another example, the precursor web may comprise a film layer. Still in other examples, the precursor web may comprise a laminate which includes multiple nonwoven layers, multiple film layers, or a combination thereof. In some forms, the precursor web may comprise a single layer with multiple stratums of material wherein the stratums of material are produced via a spunmelt process, e.g. spunbonding, spunlaying, or meltblowing.
The precursor web may comprise any suitable material. Some suitable examples include nonwovens, wovens, cellulosic materials, films, elastic materials, non-elastic materials, high-loft materials, and/or foams. The precursor webs may also comprise one or more layers of one or more nonwoven materials, one or more films, combinations of different nonwoven materials, combinations of different films, combinations of one or more films and one or more nonwoven materials, or combinations of one or more different materials, for example. Precursor webs having one or more layers of the same or similar materials are also within the scope of the present disclosure.
Precursor webs may comprise any suitable material. For example, precursor web materials may comprise PE/PP bi-component fiber spunbond webs. Other suitable precursor webs may comprise spunbond webs comprising side-by-side crimped fibers (e.g. PE/PP or PP/PP) that are bonded via calendar (thermal point) bonding or through-air bonding. For those configurations with multiple layers a first layer and second layer of the patterned apertured web of the present invention may comprise a crimped spunbond layer. For these configurations, the crimped spunbond layers may be combined from roll stock and joined as provided herein. However, where the precursor web comprises a first substrate and a second substrate, each may be crimped spunbond substrates formed on a spunbond manufacturing line where the first substrate is formed from a first spin beam while the second substrate is formed from a second spin beam.
Other suitable precursor webs may comprise carded staple fibers comprising polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene/polypropylene bi-component, polyethylene/polyethylene terephthalate bi-component, or the like, which are calendar bonded, through-air bonded, resin bonded or hydroentangled. The precursor webs may comprise microfibers and/or nanofibers, optionally with other fibers. In some circumstances, multiple layer webs may be desired over a single layer webs (even at the same basis weight) due to increased uniformity/opacity and the ability to combine webs having different properties. For example, an extensible spunbond nonwoven carrier layer may be combined with a soft, crimped fiber nonwoven (spunbond or carded). The substrates may have the same or different surface energy, for example, the top layer may be hydrophobic and the lower layer may be hydrophilic. The layers may have different permeability/capillarity, e.g. the upper layer may have higher permeability and the lower layer have higher capillarity in order to set up a capillary gradient and aid in moving fluid away from the surface (or topsheet) of an absorbent article and into an absorbent core of the absorbent article.
Additionally, the precursor webs may comprise a surface treatment and/or additive to the constituent material of the precursor web. For example, the precursor web may comprise a hydrophobic surface treatment. For such webs, a composition applied in a composition site may be hydrophilic. Still in other examples, the precursor web may comprise a hydrophilic surface treatment or the constituent material of the precursor web may comprise hydrophilic material. For such webs, a composition applied in a composition site may be hydrophobic. As another example, precursor webs of the present invention may comprise a melt additive. In one specific example, the precursor web may comprise fibers which comprise a hydrophobic melt additive. In such example, at least one of the composition sites may comprise a hydrophilic composition.
Suitable melt additives and surface treatments of materials is discussed in additional detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,178,748, 8,026,188; 4,578,414; 5,969,026; U.S Patent Application Publication Nos. 2012/0100772; 2014/0272261; 2012/0296036; 2014/0087941; U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 14/849,630; 13/833,390; European Patent No. 2411061; and PCT Patent Application Publication No. 2012/162130.
Other suitable materials for precursor webs include films. Some suitable films are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,929,135; 4,324,426; 4,324,314; 4,629,643; 4,463,045; and 5,006,394.
As mentioned previously, webs of the present invention may comprise a plurality of composition sites each of which comprises a composition. Similarly, the stored pre-rendered patterns described herein may correspond to a plurality of composition sites each of which comprises a composition. The composition sites on the webs described herein may comprise a variety of compositions. For example, a first plurality of composition sites may comprise a hydrophilic composition while a second plurality of composition sites may comprise a hydrophobic composition. And, as noted previously, some webs may comprise the first plurality of composition sites sans the second plurality of composition sites or vice versa. As noted herein, a third plurality of composition sites may be applied to a web in some forms. The third plurality of composition sites may be in addition to or sans the first plurality of composition sites and/or the second plurality of composition sites. Additional composition sites may be provided on a web.
As shown in
As shown in
Still referring to
As noted previously, composition sites may be provided to the web in a variety of configurations which are described herein. Some additional configuration are provided with regard to
In some forms of the present invention, the second portion width 1530 may be greater than the first portion length 1520. The second portion width 1530 may be greater than the first portion length 1520 in any suitable ratio. Some suitable ratios include about 0.1 to 1.0, about 1.2 to 1.0, about 1.3 to 1.0, about 1.4 to 1.0, about 1.5 to 1.0, about 1.6 to 1.0, about 1.7 to 1.0, about 1.8 to 1.0, about 1.9 to 1.0 about 2.0 to 1.0, about 2.5 to 1.0, or about 2.75 to 1.0, specifically including all ratios within the above and any ranges created thereby.
In some forms of the present invention, the first portion length 1520 may be greater than the second portion width 1530. The first portion length 1520 may be greater than the second portion width 1530 in any suitable ratio. Some suitable ratios include about 1.1 to 1.0, about 1.2 to 1.0, about 1.3 to 1.0, about 1.4 to 1.0, about 1.5 to 1.0, about 1.6 to 1.0, about 1.7 to 1.0, about 1.8 to 1.0, about 1.9 to 1.0 about 2.0 to 1.0, about 2.5 to 1.0, about 2.75 to 1.0, about 3.0 to 1.0, about 3.25 to 1.0, about 3.50 to 1, about 3.75 to 1, about 4.0 to 1.0, about 4.25 to 1, about 4.5 to 1, about 4.75 to 1, or about 5.0 to 1.0 specifically including all ratios within the above and any ranges created thereby.
In some forms, the first portion length 1520 may be less than the discontinuity length 1580. For example, in some forms, the first portion length 1520 may be less than about 90 percent of the discontinuity length 1580, less than about 80 percent, less than about 75 percent, less than about 70 percent, less than about 60 percent, less than about 50 percent, less than about 40 percent, less than about 30 percent, less than about 20 percent, less than about 10 percent, or less than about 5 percent, specifically including all values within the above and any ranges created thereby.
In some forms, the second portion width 1530 may be greater than the discontinuity 1590. For example, in some forms, the second portion width 1530 may be greater than the discontinuity width 1590 by at least 10 percent, at least 20 percent, at least 30 percent, at least 40 percent, at least 50 percent, at least 60 percent, at least 70 percent, at least 80 percent, at least 90 percent at least 100 percent, at least 110 percent, at least 120 percent, at least 130 percent, at least 140 percent, at least 150 percent, at least 160 percent, at least 170 percent, at least 180 percent, at least 190 percent, or at least 200 percent, specifically including all values within the above ranges and any ranges created thereby.
In some forms, the composition site 1535 may cover greater than about 10 percent of the area of the discontinuity 111, greater than about 20 percent, greater than about 30 percent, greater than about 40 percent, greater than about 50 percent, greater than about 60 percent, greater than about 70 percent, greater than about 80 percent, greater than about 90 percent, greater than about 100 percent, greater than about 110 percent, greater than about 110 percent, greater than about 120 percent, greater than about 130 percent, greater than about 140 percent, greater than about 150 percent, greater than about 160 percent, greater than about 170 percent, greater than about 180 percent, greater than about 190 percent, or greater than about 200 percent, specifically including all values within these ranges and any ranges created thereby.
Additional configurations for composition sites are contemplated. As noted previously, compositions in accordance with the present disclosure may be deposited on the webs described herein via printing. In such forms, the composition sites may comprise a plurality of dots or droplets of composition. With regard to
As shown, the composition site 1635 may comprise a first portion 335A and a second portion 335B each of which comprises a plurality of discrete dots. For ease of illustration, the discrete dots have been enlarged along with the discontinuity 111. The first portion 1635A may comprise a first plurality of discrete dots which are spaced apart at a particular dots per inch, “DPI” spacing. The second portion 335B may comprise a second plurality of discrete dots which are spaced apart at a different DPI. In some forms, the DPI of the first plurality of discrete dots may be greater than the DPI of the second plurality of discrete dots.
Such configurations may form a gradient. For example, where the discontinuity is a tuft, the composition is disposed on an inner surface of the tuft, and the composition comprises a surfactant, a higher DPI in the first portion 335A of discrete dots as opposed to the DPI of the second portion 335B of discrete dots would create a hydrophilicity gradient where hydrophilicity increases with decreasing distance from the distal end of the tuft.
Additional, configurations of the composition site 1635 where the DPI of the second portion 335B of discrete dots is greater than the DPI of the first portion 335A of discrete dots are also contemplated. For example, where the composition site 1635 comprises a hydrophobic substance, the DPI of the second portion 335B of discrete dots may be greater than the DPI of the first portion 335A of discrete dots. Such a configuration may create a hydrophobic gradient where hydrophobicity increases with increasing distance from the distal end of the discontinuity. In such forms, the distal end of the discontinuity can be oriented in the positive Z-direction.
Additional configurations are contemplated where the first portion 335A and the second portion 335B comprise different compositions. For example, the first portion 335A of discrete dots may comprise a hydrophilic composition and the second portion 335B of discrete dots may comprise a hydrophobic composition or vice versa.
The compositions applied to the webs described herein may comprise any suitable chemistry known in the art of absorbent articles. Some examples, include hydrophilic, hydrophobic, lotions, blood modifying agents, etc. Additional suitable compositions are disclosed herein.
Some suitable examples of hydrophilic compositions include a surfactant or combination of surfactants with hydrophilic/lyophilic balance number (HLB) of greater than or equal to about 7, more desirably greater than or equal to about 10, and even more desirably, a HLB of greater than or equal to about 14. hyrophilic agents that do not generally have a measured HLB may also be used.
Some suitable examples of hydrophilic compositions include non-ionic surfactants including esters, amides, carboxylic acids, alcohols, ethers—polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, sorbitan, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, alyl phenol polyethoxylates, lecithin, glycerol esters and their ethoxylates, and sugar based surfactants (polysorbates, polyglycosides). Other suitable nonionic surfactants include: ethoxylates, including fatty acid ester ethoxylates, fatty acid ether ethoxylates, and ethoxylated sugar derivatives (e.g., ethoxylated fatty acid polyesters, ethoxylated fatty acid sorbitan esters, and the like), and the like, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing. Other suitable examples include anionic surfactants including sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, alkali metal salts of fatty acids, fatty alcohol monoesters of sulfuric acid, linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl diphenyloxide sulfonates, lignin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, sulfosuccinates, and sulfated ethoxylates of fatty alcohols. Other suitable examples include cationic surfactants including amines (primary, secondary, tertiary), quaternary ammoniums, pyridinium, quaternary ammonium salts- QUATS, alkylated pyridinium salts, alkyl primary, secondary, tertiary amines, and alkanolamides. Other suitable examples include zwiterionic surfactants including amino acids and derivatives, amine oxide, betaines, and alkyl amine oxides. Other suitable examples include polymeric surfactants including polyamines, carboxylic acid polymers and copolymers, EO/PO block copolymers, ethylene oxide polymers and copolymers, and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Other suitable examples include silicone surfactants including dimethyl siloxane polymers with hydrophile. And other suitable examples include perfluorocarboxylic acid salts and fluorosurfactants.
The hydrophilic agents that do not generally have a measured HLB may also be used. Such hydrophilic agents may include, without limitation, diols, such as glycols and polyglycols. Suitable nonionic surfactants include, but are not intended to be limited to, C2-8 diols and polyglycols, and the like. Generally, the diol may be glycols (C2 and C3 diols) and polyglycols. The term “polyglycol” refers to a dihydroxy ether formed by dehydration of two or more glycol molecules. A representative, non-limiting list of useful polyglycols, includes: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, block copolymers of butylene oxide and ethylene oxide, and the like, as well as combinations comprising at least one of the foregoing.
Additionally, suitable philic composition include finishing treatments which are typically proprietary blends of synthetic surfactant solutions which are commercially available. Examples include materials from Schill & Seilacher AG under the tradename Silastol (e.g. Silastol PHP 26, Silastol PHP 90, Silastol PST-N, Silastol PHP 207, Silastol PHP 28 & Silastol PHP 8), from Pulcra Chemicals under the tradename Stantex® (e.g. Stantex S 6327,Stantex S 6087-4, & Stantex PP 602), among others.
Some suitable examples of hydrophobic compositions include fluorinated or perfluorinated polymers; silicones; fluorochemicals; zirconium compounds; oils; latexes; waxes; crosslinking resins; and blends thereof; fluorochemical urethanes, ureas, esters, ethers, alcohols, epoxides, allophanates, amides, amines (and salts thereof), acids (and salts thereof), carbodiimides, guanidines, oxazolidinones, isocyanurates, and biurets; nanostructured particles selected from fumed silica, hydrophobic titania, zinc oxide, nanoclay, and mixtures thereof; fats and oils, glycerol derivatives; hydrophobic silicones or suitable combinations thereof.
Examples of suitable silicone polymers are selected from the group consisting of silicone MQ resins, polydimethysiloxanes, crosslinked silicones, silicone liquid elastomers, and combinations thereof. Polydimethylsiloxanes can be selected from the group consisting of vinyl-terminated polydimethsiloxanes, methyl hydrogen dimethylsiloxanes, hydroxyl-terminated polydimethysiloxanes, organo-modified polydimethylsiloxanes, and combinations thereof, among others.
Other hydrophobic materials suitable for the present invention are well defined and documented in the art. For example, US Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0064639 describes hydrophobic compositions selected from the group consisting of silicones, fluorochemicals, zirconium compounds, oils, latexes, waxes, crosslinking resins, and blends thereof. Representative water repellent fluorochemical compounds described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,407,899 include fluorochemical urethanes, ureas, esters, ethers, alcohols, epoxides, allophanates, amides, amines (and salts thereof), acids (and salts thereof), carbodiimides, guanidines, oxazolidinones, isocyanurates, and biurets. U.S. Pat. No. 6,548,732 describes hydrophobic substances from the group consisting of theobroma oil, cacao butter, cocoa butter, petrolatum, mineral jelly, white mineral oil, dimethicone, zinc oxide preparation, chinese white, zinc white, beeswax, lanolin, jojoba oil and combinations thereof. Additionally, U.S. application Ser. No. 13/193,065, filed Jul. 28, 2011 discusses substrates that exhibit superhydrophobic properties when treated with a composition comprising a hydrophobic component selected from fluorinated polymers, perfluorinated polymers, and mixtures thereof; nano-structured particles selected from fumed silica, hydrophobic titania, zinc oxide, nanoclay, and mixtures thereof; and water for an overall water-based, non-organic solvent. Examples of such compositions and surfaces in U.S. application Ser. No. 13/193,065, filed Jul. 28, 2011 exemplify the superhydrophobic treated surfaces that may be used as the nonwoven topsheet of the present invention.
Additionally waxes and other hydrophobic materials can be used, including petroleum-based emollients; fatty acid esters; polyol polyesters; fatty alcohol ethers; sterols and sterol esters, and their derivatives; triglycerides; glyceryl esters; ceramides; and mixtures thereof. The fatty acids may originate from vegetable, animal, and/or synthetic sources. Some fatty acids may range from a C8 fatty acid to a C30 fatty acid, or from a C12 fatty acid to a C22 fatty acid. In another embodiment, a substantially saturated fatty acid may be used, particularly when saturation arises as a result of hydrogenation of fatty acid precursor. Examples of fatty acid derivatives include fatty alcohols, fatty acid esters, and fatty acid amides.
Suitable fatty alcohols (R—OH) include those derived from C12-C28 fatty acids.
R—OH R═C12-C28 alkyl chain
Suitable fatty acid esters include those fatty acid esters derived from a mixture of C12-C28 fatty acids and short chain (C1-C8, preferably C1-C3) monohydric alcohols preferably from a mixture of C12-C22 saturated fatty acids and short chain (C1-C8, preferably C1-C3) monohydric alcohols. The hydrophobic melt additive may comprise a mixture of mono, di, and/or tri-fatty acid esters. An example includes fatty acid ester with glycerol as the backbone and is shown in formula (1).
The glycerol derived fatty acid ester has at least one alkyl chain, at least two, or three chains to a glycerol, to form a mono, di, or triglyceride. Suitable examples of triglycerides include glycerol thibehenate (C22), glycerol tristearate (C18), glycerol tripalmitate (C16), and glycerol trimyristate (C14), and mixtures thereof. In the case of triglycerides and diglycerides, the alkyl chains could be the same length, or different length. Example includes a triglyceride with one alkyl C18 chain and two C16 alkyl chain, or two C18 alkyl chains and one C16 chain. Preferred triglycerides include alkyl chains derived from C14-C22 fatty acids.
Suitable fatty acid amides include those derives from a mixture of C12-C28 fatty acids (saturated or unsaturated) and primary or secondary amines. A suitable example of a primary fatty acid amide includes those derived from a fatty acid and ammonia and is shown in formula (2).
Suitable examples include erucamide, oleamide and behanamide. Other suitable hydrophobic melt additives include hydrophobic silicones, ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
Any suitable lotion may be utilized as a composition of the present invention. Some suitable lotions are described in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2003/0206943 and 2007/0219515. Lotions suitable for use as compositions in the present invention may comprise from about 60-99.9 percent of a carrier. Suitable carrier compounds include petroleum-based hydrocarbons having from about 8 to about 32 carbon atoms, fatty alcohols having from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms, polysiloxane compounds, fatty acid esters, alkyl ethoxylates, lower alcohols having from about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms, low molecular weight glycols and polyols, fatty alcohol ethers having from about 12 to about 22 carbon atoms in their fatty chain, lanolin and its derivatives, ethylene glycol derivatives of C12-C22 fatty acids, glyceride and its derivatives including acetoglycerides and ethoxylated glycerides of C12 -C18 fatty acids, and mixtures thereof. Other suitable carriers include oils or fats, such as natural oils or fats, or natural oil or fat derivatives, in particular of plant or animal origin. Suitable carriers further encompass waxes. As used herein, the term ‘wax’ refers to oil soluble materials that have a waxy constituency and have a melting point or range of above ambient temperature, in particular above 25° C. Waxes are materials that have a solid to semi-solid (creamy) consistency, crystalline or not, being of relative low viscosity a little above their liquefying point. Suitable waxes which can be incorporated into the lotion composition include animal, vegetable, mineral or silicone based waxes which may be natural or synthetic, and including mixtures thereof.
Additionally, lotions suitable for use with the present invention may comprise optional ingredients such as skin treatment agents including hexamidine, zinc oxide, and niacinamide, glycerine, chamomile, panthenol, fats and oils, and/or skin conditioning agents, perfumes, deodorants, opacifiers, astringents, preservatives, emulsifying agents, film formers, stabilizers, proteins, lecithin, urea, colloidal oatmeal, pH control agents. Additional optional ingredients include particles, wetting agents, and/or viscosity or thickening agents.
Additional compositions are contemplated. For example, compositions utilized with the present invention may comprise health actives. Some examples include prebiotics which include mucopolysaccharides, oligosaccharides such as galactooligosaccharides (“GOS”), polysaccharides, amino acids, vitamins, nutrient precursors, harvested metabolic products of biological organisms, lipids, and proteins. Other suitable prebiotics are disclosed in PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO 2013122932 A2. The health actives may be provided to the precursor web or the secondary web independently or in a carrier, e.g. a lotion as described herein.
Other suitable health actives comprise organic acids including acetic acid, propionic acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid, phenylalanine, citric acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, capronic acid, succinic acid and/or a salt thereof, soluble acrylic acid polymers known to the art as Carbopols ®, alone or in combination with organic acids known to the art such as alphahydroxy acids, more preferably benzoic acid, alginic acid, sorbic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, edetic acid, gluconodeltalactone, acetic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, citric acid, propionic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, gluconic acid, ascorbic acid and tartaric acid and the like.
Other suitable health actives include calcium salts, calcium lactate and/or calcium citrate malate, bacterial metabolites and extracellular products. In some forms, compositions useful with the present invention may comprise skin care actives including allantoin, aluminum hydroxide gel, calamine, cocoa butter, colloidal oatmeal, dimethicone, cod liver oil (in combination), glycerine, hard, fat, kaolin, petrolatum, lanolin, mineral oil, shark liver oil, white petrolatum, sodium bicarbonate, topical starch, zinc acetate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, and the like. Additional skin care actives are disclosed in PCT Patent Application Publication No. WO 2013/1222932.
Other suitable health actives include ingredients useful for regulating and/or improving a condition of mammalian skin. Some non-limiting examples of such ingredients include vitamins; peptides and peptide derivatives; sugar amines, phytosterols, salicylic acid compounds, hexamidines, dialkanoyl hydroxyproline compounds, flavonoids, retinoid compounds, botanicals, N-acyl amino acid compounds, their derivatives, and combinations thereof. Other examples include a sugar amine, which is also known as an amino sugar. Exemplary sugar amines suitable for use herein are described in PCT Publication No. WO 02/076423 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,159,485.
Other examples of suitable compositions include a vitamin B3 compound (e.g., niacinamide). Vitamin B3compounds may regulate skin conditions as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,939,082. Some exemplary derivatives of the foregoing vitamin B3 compounds include nicotinic acid esters, including non-vasodilating esters of nicotinic acid (e.g., tocopheryl nicotinate, myristyl nicotinate). Other examples include a salicylic acid compound, its esters, its salts, or combinations thereof. Still other examples include hexamidine compounds, its salts and derivatives. Other suitable examples include a flavonoid compound. Flavonoids are broadly disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,686,082 and 5,686,367.
Additional examples include one or more N-acyl amino acid compounds. The amino acid can be one of any of the amino acids known in the art. A list of possible side chains of amino acids known in the art are described in Stryer, Biochemistry, 1981, published by W. H. Freeman and Company.
Additional examples include a retinoid. “Retinoid” as used herein means natural and synthetic analogs of Vitamin A, or retinol-like compounds which possess the biological activity of Vitamin A in the skin, as well as the geometric isomers and stereoisomers of these compounds.
Other suitable examples may comprise a peptide, including but not limited to, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-peptides and derivatives thereof. Peptides may contain ten or fewer amino acids and their derivatives, isomers, and complexes with other species such as metal ions (e.g., copper, zinc, manganese, magnesium, and the like). Peptide refers to both naturally occurring and synthesized peptides. A1so useful herein are naturally occurring and commercially available compositions that contain peptides.
Compositions of the present invention may also include one or more water-soluble vitamins Examples of water-soluble vitamins including, but are not limited to, water-soluble versions of vitamin B, vitamin B derivatives, vitamin C, vitamin C derivatives, vitamin K, vitamin K derivatives, vitamin D, vitamin D derivatives, vitamin E, vitamin E derivatives, provitamins thereof, such as panthenol and mixtures thereof.
Other suitable ingredients include a conditioning agent such as a humectant, a moisturizer, or a skin conditioner. Some non-limiting examples of conditioning agents include, but are not limited to, guanidine; urea; glycolic acid and glycolate salts (e g ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); salicylic acid; lactic acid and lactate salts (e.g., ammonium and quaternary alkyl ammonium); aloe vera in any of its variety of forms (e.g., aloe vera gel); polyhydroxy alcohols such as sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, erythritol, glycerol, hexanetriol, butanetriol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol and the like; polyethylene glycols; sugars (e.g., melibiose) and starches; sugar and starch derivatives (e.g., alkoxylated glucose, fucose); hyaluronic acid; lactamide monoethanolamine; acetamide monoethanolamine; panthenol; allantoin; and mixtures thereof. A1so useful herein are the propoxylated glycerols described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,976,953. A1so useful are various C1-C30 monoesters and polyesters of sugars and related materials. These esters are derived from a sugar or polyol moiety and one or more carboxylic acid moieties.
The blood modifying agent of this disclosure can have an LOB of about 0.00-0.60, a melting point of no higher than about 45 deg. C., a water solubility of about 0.00-0.05 g at 2.5 deg. C., and a weight-average molecular weight of less than about 1,000. The LOB (Inorganic Organic Balance) is an indicator of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, and as used herein, it is the value calculated by the following formula by Oda et al. inorganic valuelorganic value. The inorganic value and the organic value are based on the organic paradigm described in “Organic compound predictions and organic paradigms” by Fujita A., Kagaku no Ryoiki. (Journal of Japanese Chemistry), Vol. 11., No. 10 (1957) p. 719-725 which is incorporated by reference herein.
Preferably, the blood modifying agents is selected from the group consisting of fo items (i)-(iii), and any combination thereof: (i) a hydrocarbon; (ii) a compound having a hydrocarbon moiety, and one or more, same or different groups selected from the group consisting of carbonyl group (—CO—) and oxy group (0 inserted between a C—C single bond of the hydrocarbon moiety; and (iii) a compound having (iii-1) a hydrocarbon moiety, (iii-2) one or more, same or different groups selected from the group consisting of carbonyl group (—CO—) and oxy group (—O—) inserted between a C—C single bond of the hydrocarbon moiety, and (iii-3) one or more, same or different groups selected from the group consisting of carboxyl group (—COOH) and hydroxyl group (—OH) substituting a hydrogen of the hydrocarbon moiety. As used herein, “hydrocarbon” refers to a compound composed of carbon and hydrogen, and it may be a chain hydrocarbon, such as, a paraffinic hydrocarbon (containing no double bond or triple bond, also referred to as alkane), an olefin-based hydrocarbon (containing one double bond, also referred to as alkene), an acetylene-based hydrocarbon (containing one triple bond, also referred to as alkyne), or a hydrocathon comprising two or more bonds selected from die group consisting of double bonds and triple bonds, and cyclic hydrocarbon, such as, aromatic hydrocarbons and alicyclic hydrocarbons.
Examples of suitable blood modifying agents include esters of chain hydrocarbon polyols. The polyol may have 2-5 alcohol groups on a 2-5 carbon backbone, and between 1 and 5 of the alcohols may be derivatives with a fatty acid having between 4-22 carbon atoms and 0 to 4 double bonds. Suitable examples include triesters of glycerin and fatty acids, represented by formula (3):
diesters of glycerin and fatty acids, represented by the following formula (4):
and monoesters of glycerin and fatty acids, represented by the following formula (5):
wherein R5-R7 each represent a chain hydrocarbon.
The fatty acid composing the ester of glycerin and a fatty acid (R5COOH, R6COOH and R7COOH) is not particularly restricted so long as the ester of glycerin and a fatty acid satisfies the conditions for the LOB, melting point and water solubility. The esters of glycerin and a fatty acid is preferably a diester or triester, and more preferably a triester. A triester of glycerin and a fatty acid is also known as a triglyceride, and examples include triesters of glycerin and octanoic acid (C8), triesters of glycerin and decanoic acid (C10), triesters of glycerin and dodecanoic acid (C12), triesters of glycerin and 2 or more different fatty acids, and mixtures of the forefwing. Examples of triesters of glycerin and 2 or more fatty acids include triesters of glycerin with octanoic acid (C8) and decanoic acid (C10), triesters of glycerin with octanoic acid (C8), decanoic acid (CH) and dodecanoic acid (C12), and triesters of glycerin with octanoic acid (C8), decanoic acid (C10), dodecanoic acid (C12), tetradecanoic acid (C14), hexadecanoic acid (C16) and octadecanoic acid (C18).
Blood modifying agents are described further in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2014/0358102 and U.S. Pat. No. 9,248,060. In some forms of the present disclosure, it may be beneficial, particularly from a cost standpoint, if the blood modifying agent were applied in a plurality of discrete areas on a web as opposed to a uniform coating of the web.
The absorbent articles of the present disclosure—particularly the topsheets of the absorbent articles—may comprise a myriad of compositions to provide a wide range of benefits to a user of the absorbent articles. However, depending on the manner in which the compositions are provided to the web, it is important to consider the rheology of the compositions being applied. For example, viscosity of the composition can be an important factor as viscosities which are too low can migrate out of the applied area, e.g. first composition sites. In contrast, a composition with too high of a viscosity can be difficult to apply via digital printer. And, other forms of application of the composition may prove to be much slower than that of the digital printer.
The composition of the present invention may be formulated to optimize its deposition by non-contact printing, e.g. ink jet printing. For example, the components of the desired composition can be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable solvent, such as water or another organic solvent. Some suitable organic solvents include ketones such as acetone, diethyl ketone, cyclophexanone and the like. Additional suitable solvents include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, and the like. Additional suitable solvents include esters such as ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate and the like. Additional examples include ethers, lactones and amides. If desired, a mixture of solvents may be used. Additionally surfactants, rheology modifiers, and colorants such as dyes or pigments may be added to the formulation.
Additional forms are contemplated where the compositions to be deposited can be heated such that the viscosity of the composition is provided in the correct range for deposition via ink jet. For example, heated print heads are available from Fujifilm Dimatix under the trade name Galaxy PH256/80HM.
Ink jet printing generally relies on the generation of sequences of droplets. Behavior of the composition during droplet ejection is dependent on material properties such as density, viscosity and surface tension. The behavior of a composition when ink jet printed can be predicted via two dimensionless numbers, i.e. Ohnesorge number and Weber number. The equation for determining the Oh number is provided below.
where η is viscosity, ρ is density, γ is surface tension of the composition, and L is the characteristic diameter (print head nozzle diameter for ink jet printing in meters).
Stable drop formation can be characterized by the reciprocal of the Ohnesorge number, namely Z=1/Oh. Stable drop formation can be expected from compositions when 14≧Z≧1. The viscosity of the desired composition should be measured at target operating temperature with shear rates between 200 and 20 s−1. The surface tension should be recorded in N/m. The density should be calculated in kg/m3, and the viscosity should be recorded in Pa·s.
Additionally, a composition of the present invention may comprise a Weber number of between about 4 and 1000. The Weber number may be calculated as follows:
where ρ is the density of the composition in kg/m3; v is the velocity of the composition in m/s; L is the characteristic diameter (print head nozzle diameter for ink jet printing; and y is the surface tension in N/m.
The compositions of the present invention may comprise a viscosity of between about 5 and 25 centipoise. The compositions may comprise a surface tension of between about 25 and 40 dyne. In some forms of the present invention, the compositions may comprise a density of from about 0.6 grams/cubic cm to about 2.0 grams/cubic cm, specifically including all values within this range and any ranges created thereby.
The camera 131 can be fixed with respect to a manufacturing line such that the centerline of the camera 131 is co-linear with the machine centerline 130. In some forms, the centerline of the camera 131 is not co-linear with the machine centerline 130 but utilizes the machine centerline 130 and/or another fixed reference.
Any suitable camera may be utilized. For example, a camera having a bit depth of at least 8 may be utilized. In another example, a camera having a bit depth of at least 12 or at least 16 may be utilized. Cameras with higher bit depth can provide the computational device with much more numerical resolution allowing for better filtering of images by the computational device.
Any suitable computational device may be utilized with the present invention. Some suitable examples can include central processing units (CPU), graphical processing units (GPU), and/or field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). The processing power/speed of the computational device may vary depending on the speed of the manufacturing line of which images are being provided to the computational device. For example, faster line speeds may require additional processing power to ensure that the computational device can keep up with the images being provided by the camera. In some forms of the present invention, manufacturing line speeds can be greater than about 1 m/s, greater than about 3 m/s, greater than about 4 m/s, greater than about 5 m/s, greater than about 6 m/s, greater than about 7 m/s, greater than about 8 m/s, greater than about 9 m/s, greater than about 10 m/s, greater than about 11 m/s, greater than about 12 m/s, greater than about 13 m/s or greater than about 14 m/s specifically including all values within the above values and any ranges created thereby.
The computational device can comprise any suitable vision analysis software. Some suitable examples include National Instruments® Vision Development Module, MathWorks® Image Processing toolkit, OpenCV—open source computer vision library written in C++, or ImageJ. The vision analysis software can allow a user to extract a Fourier plane from the image provided by the camera and extract the phase plane from the image provided by the camera. Depending on the intermediate features and/or discontinuities being analyzed, settings may need to be adjusted. For example, apertures may be difficult to discern in low basis weight nonwovens without adjustment to the filtering to reduce the noise of the image signal. However, less filtering may be required for the same size apertures in a higher basis weight nonwoven. Samples of the images to be analyzed can be used in test runs to hone the filter settings and produce a signal which can provide accurate results.
Similarly, samples may be utilized to determine the best highlighting method for the discontinuities. For example, backlighting may be used to highlight apertures. However, backlighting may not provide good results for highlighting the discontinuities described herein. In general, the discontinuities herein may be highlighted via laser topography. Where compositions are desired to be highlighted, thermal imaging may be effective at highlighting compositions on webs described herein.
As noted previously, the vision analysis software can allow analysis of an image via the Fourier and phase plane of the image. Additionally, the vision analysis software can allow for comparisons between predetermined patterns and images from the camera—pattern recognition. Where the periodicity of the discontinuities is too disparate, Fourier analysis may not be appropriate. In such instances, pattern recognition may provide more accurate results/more accurate instructions to the printer. A pattern or a plurality of patterns of discontinuities would need to be provided to the computational device and/or printer such that the comparison could be made between the transmitted image and the stored pattern(s).
For pattern recognition, a plurality of patterns may be stored in the computational device and/or printer to address potential phase shift of the pattern with respect to its web. The plurality of patterns may account for phase shifts of the intermediate features and/or discontinuities in the web.
Configurations are contemplated where the camera provides an image to the computational device which then creates a print file from the image. The print file can then be provided to the printer without the need for analysis. For example, the print file can account for any phase shift in the MD or CD. In this form, the need for predetermined patterns may be obviated.
Any suitable printer may be utilized with the present invention. As noted previously, the composition sites may comprise a plurality of discrete dots or droplets. The volume of the composition droplets can depend on the particular printing technology. By way of example, printing units that are VIDEOJET™ continuous ink jet printers can have composition drop volumes of about 240 ρL and are delivered at relatively high drop velocities (e.g., about 13 m/s). Other printing technology (e.g. piezo drop on demand) can deliver composition drops having relatively small volumes, such as composition drops having a volume ranging from about 1 ρL to about 80 ρL, that are delivered at lower drop velocities (i.e., about ½ m/s) than continuous ink jet printing. Those skilled in the art know there are different ink jet technologies (e.g., continuous, piezo, thermal, valve) and different drop size ranges and different jet velocities. In general, smaller drop size infers that the CD dpi (resolution) is higher. The range 1-24 ρL would equate to a CD resolution of 300-600 dpi. The VIDEOJET CD resolution is 128 dpi. So, more drops in CD can mean better opportunity to hit a fiber, which can result in better image quality and less composition blow-though. The slower the drop speed, the less composition blow-through.
An exemplary continuous ink jet printer is available from Videojet™ sold under the trade name of Videojet BX™. For the continuous ink jet printer, the composition droplets are dispensed from all of the jets of the print heads continuously, but only certain composition droplets are allowed to reach the precursor web, intermediate web, or secondary web, at the composition sites. The other composition droplets can be prevented from reaching the precursor web, intermediate web, or secondary web by deflecting the composition droplets into a recycling flow for a continuous re-use. The operation of the individual ink jets of each print head can be controlled by a controller included in the Videojet BX™ system.
Exemplary drop on demand printers for use in the present invention may comprise multiple print heads allowing for the deposition of a plurality of compositions. In general, the printer of the present invention may comprise a controller, one or more print heads, and a composition management system. A suitable example of a printer includes the 1024 PH development kit available from FujiFilm Dimatix™ located in New Hampshire. A suitable example of the print heads which may be utilized, includes SG-1024 MA available from FujiFilm Dimatix™. Forms of the present invention are contemplated where the controller 120 (See
The webs of the present invention may be processed to a further extent to create disposable absorbent articles. Some suitable examples include diapers, diaper pants, feminine pads, adult incontinence pads, etc. The webs of the present invention may form any suitable portion of a disposable absorbent article. For example, the webs of the present invention may form a portion of a topsheet, a backsheet, or an absorbent core which is disposed between the toposheet and the backsheet. In some forms, the webs of the present invention may be utilized to form barrier cuffs for a disposable absorbent article. In other forms, the webs of the present invention may form a portion of at least one or more of the topsheet, backsheet, secondary topsheet, acquisition layer, distribution layer, absorbent core dusting layer, backsheet, barrier cuff, wing of a sanitary pad, ear on a diaper, or the like.
An exemplary disposable absorbent article is shown with regard to
The topsheet, backsheet, and/or absorbent core may comprise any suitable materials. Exemplary materials are disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2016/0167334A1; 2016/0129661A1; 2016/0136014A1; and U.S. Application Serial No. 62/076043.
Additional examples of webs comprising compositions and methods of creating the same are contemplated.
A method of providing composition(s) to a web, the method comprising the steps of: providing a web having a first surface and an opposing second surface; manipulating the web to form a plurality of discontinuities and a plurality of openings each of which correspond to a discontinuity, wherein each of the discontinuities comprise a distal end and sidewalls joining the distal end to the first surface or second surface of the web wherein a plurality of land areas are disposed between adjacent discontinuities and adjacent openings; and non-contact printing a first composition on at least a portion of the plurality of discontinuities or on a portion of the land areas between adjacent discontinuities.
The method of Example A, wherein the sidewalls join the distal end to the first surface of the web and wherein the first composition is disposed on an outer-facing surface of the distal ends.
The method of Examples A-A1, wherein the composition is hydrophobic.
The method of Examples A-A2, further comprising the step of non-contact printing a second composition on at least a portion of the plurality of land areas.
The method of Example A3, wherein the second composition is less hydrophobic than the first composition.
The method of Examples A3-A4, wherein the first composition is provided on the web at a first rate of dots per inch and wherein the second composition is provided on the web at a second rate of dots per inch, wherein the first rate of dots per inch is greater than the second rate of dots per inch.
The method of Examples A3-A5, wherein the second composition is a blood modifying agent.
The method of Examples A3-A6, wherein the second composition is more hydrophobic than the first composition.
The method of Example A, wherein the sidewalls join the distal end to the first surface of the web and wherein the first composition is disposed on at least a portion of the land areas between adjacent discontinuities.
The method of Example A8, wherein the composition is more hydrophilic than constituent material of the web.
The method of Examples A8-A9, further comprising the step of non-contact printing a second composition on at least a portion of an outer surface of the distal ends.
The method of Example A10, wherein the second composition is more hydrophobic than the composition on the land areas.
The method of Examples A8-A11, wherein the composition on at least a portion of the land areas is a blood modifying agent.
The method of Example A1, wherein the sidewalls join the distal end to the second surface of the web.
The method of Example A13, wherein the composition is disposed on an inner-facing surface of the distal ends.
The method of Example A14, wherein the composition is more hydrophilic than constituent material of the web.
The method of Examples A13-15, further comprising the step of non-contact printing a second composition on the web.
The method of Example A16, wherein the second composition is disposed on at least a portion of the land areas.
The method of Example A17, wherein the second composition is more hydrophobic than the composition.
The method of Example A13, wherein the composition is disposed on at least a portion of the land areas.
The method of Example A19, wherein the composition is more hydrophobic than constituent material of the web.
Various values are reported herein for the purposes of characterizing the invention. The methods for their determination are detailed below.
Distinguishing a printed dot pattern from a continuous composition layer is done by viewing a substrate under a magnified condition using a light microscope. Evidence of a printed dot pattern would include the presence of: clusters of discrete circular colored regions, regular pattern of interior non-printed regions, clusters of discrete circular regions which are a different color than the primary color of the substrate, and scalloped or rounded edges present at the boundaries between printed and non-printed regions. Areas of interest, defined below, may be viewed as described above for the appearance of printed dot patterns. As noted herein, some particular areas of interest include distal ends (both outer surface and inner surface) of discontinuities, sidewalls of discontinuities (both outer surface and inner surface), and land areas between adjacent discontinuities or openings.
Contact angles on substrates are determined using ASTM D7490-13 modified with the specifics as described herein, using a goniometer and appropriate image analysis software (a suitable instrument is the FTA200, First Ten Angstroms, Portsmouth, Va., or equivalent) fitted with a 1 mL capacity, gas tight syringe with a No. 27 blunt tipped stainless steel needle. One test fluid is used: Type II reagent water (distilled) in accordance with ASTM Specification D1193-99. All testing is to be performed at about 23° C. ±2° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% ±2%.
A 50 mm by 50 mm substrate to be tested is removed from the article taking care to not touch the region of interest or otherwise contaminate the surface during harvesting or subsequent analysis. Condition the samples at about 23° C. ±2° C. and a relative humidity of about 50% ±2% for 2 hours prior to testing.
Set up the goniometer on a vibration-isolation table and level the stage according to the manufacturer's instructions. The video capture device must have an acquisition speed capable of capturing at least 10-20 images from the time the drop hits the surface of the specimen to the time it cannot be resolved from the specimen's surface. A capture rate of 900 images/sec is typical. Depending on the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity of the specimen, the drop may or may not rapidly wet the surface of the sample. In the case of slow acquisition, the images should be acquired until 2% of the volume of the drop is absorbed into the specimen. If the acquisition is extremely fast, the first resolved image should be used if the second image shows more than 2% volume loss.
Place the specimen on the goniometer's stage and adjust the hypodermic needle to the distance from the surface recommended by the instrument's manufacturer (typically 3 mm). If necessary adjust the position of the specimen to place the target site under the needle tip. Focus the video device such that a sharp image of the drop on the surface of the specimen can be captured. Start the image acquisition. Deposit a 5 μL ±0.1 μL drop onto the specimen. If there is visible distortion of the drop shape due to movement, repeat at a different, but equivalent, target location. Make two angle measurements on the drop (one on each drop edge) from the image at which there is a 2% drop volume loss. If the contact angles on two edges are different by more than 4°, the values should be excluded and the test repeated at an equivalent location on the specimen. Identify ten additional equivalent sites on the specimen and repeat for a total of 11 measurements (22 angles). Calculate the arithmetic mean for this side of the specimen and report to the nearest 0.01°. In like fashion, measure the contact angle on the opposite side of the specimen f or 11 drops (22 angles) and report separately to the nearest 0.01°.
For any sites which demonstrate an arithmetic mean which is higher or lower than another arithmetic mean—by at least 2 times the highest standard deviation the angle measurements comprised by the two arithmetic means—an equivalent site on a specimen from another article shall be measured in accordance to the SEM Method for determining contact angle on fibers. Any such sites shall be termed “area of interest.”
Moreover, when an area of interest of the specimen is on a distal end and/or sidewall of a protrusion, the contact angle measurements with regard to the distal end and/or sidewall shall be performed in accordance with the SEM Method for determining contact angle on fibers described herein.
A rectangular specimen measuring 1 cm×2 cm is cut from the topsheet of a disposable absorbent product taking care not to touch the surface of the specimen or to disturb the structure of the material. The specimen shall include the area of interest determined in the Contact Angle Method heretofore described. If multiple areas of interest are identified then additional specimens shall be obtained in accordance with this method to accommodate all areas of interest identified. The specimen has a length of (2 cm) aligned with a longitudinal centerline of the article. The specimen is handled gently by the edges using forceps and is mounted flat with the skin-facing side up on an SEM specimen holder using double-sided tape. The specimen is sprayed with a fine mist of water droplets generated using a small hobby air-brush apparatus. The water used to generate the droplets is distilled deionized water with a resistivity of at least 18 MΩ-cm. The airbrush is adjusted so that the droplets each have a volume of about 2 pL. Approximately 0.5 mg of water droplets are evenly and gently deposited onto the specimen Immediately after applying the water droplets, the mounted specimen is frozen by plunging it into liquid nitrogen. After freezing, the sample is transferred to a Cryo-SEM prep chamber at −150° C., coated with Au/Pd, and transferred into Cryo-SEM chamber at −150° C. A Hitachi S-4700 Cry-SEM or equivalent instrument is used to obtain high-resolution images of the droplets on the fibers. Droplets are randomly selected, though a droplet is suitable to be imaged only if it is oriented in the microscope such that the projection of the droplet extending from the fiber surface is approximately maximized This is further discussed with regard to
Examples of images are provided with regard to
The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean “about 40 mm.”
Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or related patent or application and any patent application or patent to which this application claims priority or benefit thereof, is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwise limited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it is prior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein or that it alone, or in any combination with any other reference or references, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further, to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62385265 | Sep 2016 | US |
