Patent Grant
11195171
The present disclosure is generally related to identifying target video content.
Video sharing services have become increasingly popular on the Internet. Services such as Metacafe and YouTube may allow users to upload video content for access by other users. Occasionally, a user may upload video content that they should not, such as video content that includes inappropriate subject matter or video content that is copyright protected and that the user does not have permission from the copyright owner to upload. Hence, there is a need for an improved method and system to identify target video content and to monitor transmissions of video content.
In a particular embodiment, a system to monitor data transmissions is provided. The system includes a network interface to receive video content data and a signature module to generate a content signature based on the video content data. The system also includes a prohibited content module to select one or more prohibited content signatures associated with at least one prohibited content item based on content metadata of the video content and to compare the content signature to the one or more prohibited content signatures.
A method of monitoring transmission of video content is also provided. The method includes monitoring a data transmission. The data transmission includes video content data. The method also includes generating a content signature based on the video content data and identifying content metadata associated with the video content. The method further includes determining whether the video content includes prohibited content by evaluating the content signature and the content metadata.
A system to identify target video content is also provided. The system includes a database interface to access at least one video content item from a content storage. The content storage includes the at least one video content item and content metadata of the at least one video content item. The system also includes a signature module coupled to the database interface to determine a content signature based on the at least one video content item and a target content module to compare the content signature to target content signature data based at least partially on the content metadata.
A method of identifying target video content is provided. The method includes accessing content metadata of a video content item at a content storage. The method also includes determining at least one content signature based on the video content item and determining whether the video content item includes target video content based at least partially on the content signature and the content metadata.
A computer-readable medium is also provided. That computer-readable medium includes instructions executable by a processor to access content metadata of a video content item at a content storage. The computer-readable medium also includes instructions executable by a processor to determine at least one content signature based on the video content item. The computer-readable medium further includes instructions executable by a processor to determine whether the video content item includes target video content based at least partially on the content signature and the content metadata.
In a particular embodiment, the registered user device 104 may be adapted to transmit data to the video content storage 108 to upload additional video content and to provide metadata related to the additional video content. The video content storage 108 may include any data storage device, such as one or more electric or static memory devices, one or more optical memory devices, one or more magnetic memory devices, any other memory device, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the video content storage 108 may include any data storage structure, such as a database, a flat file system, any other data storage arrangement, or any combination thereof. The system 100 may include a content control and management system 114. The content control and management system 114 may be adapted to monitor data transmissions received at the video content storage 108 to identify video content uploaded to the video content storage 108. The content control and management system 114 may be operated by an operator of the video content distribution system, or by any other entity. For example, the content control and management system 114 may be based at a client device, such as the registered use device 104, or may be based at or operated by an Internet service provider, a provider or video content (e.g., a copyright owner), a video content distributor (e.g., at a video head-end office), any other entity with access to a transmitted video stream, or any combination thereof.
The content control and management system 114 may include a network interface 118 to receive video content data uploaded to the video content storage 108. The video content data may include raw video content or compressed video content. The video content data may also include metadata related to the video content. In a particular illustrative embodiment, the video content data may include a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) video data stream. The content control and management system 114 may also include a processor 116 and memory 120 accessible to the processor 116. In an illustrative embodiment, the content control and management system 114 may include various modules 122-126 adapted to perform various functions of the content control and management system 114. The modules 112-126 can include logic, hardware, computer instructions that may be executable by the processor 116, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the modules 112-126 may be discrete functional elements, such as logic blocks, or may be combined functional elements, such as one or more software instructions set executable by the logic to perform the functions described herein.
In a particular embodiment, the content control and management system 114 may include an inspection module 122 to inspect data packets sent to the video content storage 108 to determine whether the data packets include video content. The content control and management system 114 may also include a signature module 123. The signature module 123 may be adapted to process video content sent to the video control store 108 to generate a content signature based on the video content. For example, the content signature may include a sequence of coefficients of a wavelet transform of at least a portion of the video content. In an illustrative embodiment, a content signature can be generated by applying a wavelet transform to a plurality of subsections of the video content. For example, the video content can include Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) content having a plurality of frames. The signature module 123 can determine a plurality of subsections of the MPEG video content based at least partially on a sequence of Intra-coded frames (I-frames), Predictive-coded frames (P-frames), or any combination thereof, within the MPEG video content. For instance, each subsection can be identified by a sequence number of an I-frame that is designated as the beginning or end of the subsection. By applying a wavelet transform, such as a Haar wavelet transform, to each of the subsections, a sequence of coefficients can be generated. Illustrative embodiments of content signatures are depicted in
In a particular illustrative embodiment, a Haar wavelet transform may be applied to each subsection of a video content item to generate one or more signatures corresponding to the video content. Each signature includes a sequence of coefficients produced by applying the wavelet transform to the plurality of I-frames. In an illustrative, non-limiting embodiment, a plurality of signatures corresponding to each subsection of the video content can be generated. Each of the plurality of signatures can correspond to a different scale or degree of resolution, such as a lowest degree of resolution having a fewest number of coefficients, a highest degree of resolution having a greatest number of coefficients, and other degrees of resolution having varying numbers of coefficients.
The content control and management system 114 may also include a prohibited content module 124. The prohibited content module 124 may be adapted to compare the content signature to prohibited content signature data. For example, the prohibited content signature data may include content signatures associated with prohibited content, such as copyrighted content or content that has been deemed inappropriate. In an illustrative embodiment, the prohibited content module 124 may compare the content signature to prohibited content signature data based at least partially on metadata associated with the video content. For example, a signature storage 128 may include a plurality of content signatures associated with prohibited content. The content signature for a particular video content item may vary depending on the resolution of the particular video content item. Therefore, the signature storage may include more than one prohibited content signature for each item of prohibited video content. The prohibited content module 124 may select one or more prohibited content signatures to compare the content signature to based on the resolution of the video content and resolution values associated with each prohibited content signature.
The content control and management system 114 may also include a detection module 125. The detection module 125 may be adapted to compare a previous version of particular prohibited video content to received video content to determine whether a user has modified the content format. For example, when video content including prohibited video content is received from the registered user device 104, the detection module 125 may compare metadata associated with the video content to prohibited content data to determine whether the registered user device 104 or a user associated with the registered user device 104 has previously uploaded the video content or attempted to upload the video content with different metadata.
The content control and management system 114 may so include a blocking module 126. The blocking module 126 may be adapted to block data transmissions when received video content includes prohibited video content. The blocking module may terminate an ongoing data transmission that includes the prohibited video content, may prevent future data transmissions from the device (such as, registered user device 104) or user that sent the prohibited video content, or any combination thereof.
In operation, a user at registered user device 104, such as a personal digital assistant, a mobile phone, a set-top box, a computer, a video game console, another device adapted to view or store video content, or any combination thereof, may upload video content to the video content storage 108 via the wide area network 106. The user may provide metadata descriptive of the video content transmitted to the video content storage 108. In a particular illustrative embodiment, at least a portion of the metadata may be automatically generated.
The inspection module 122 may inspect data packets received at the video content storage 108 to determine whether the data packets include video content. When video content is identified by the inspection module 122, the signature module 123 may be activated to generate at least one content signature based on the video content.
The prohibited content module 124 may identify metadata associated with the video content. For example, the prohibited content module 124 may access metadata 110 stored at the video content storage 108 and associated with the video content 112. In another particular embodiment, the inspection module 122 may identify the metadata from the data transmitted to the video content storage 108 and may provide the metadata to the prohibited content module 124. The prohibited content module 124 may access the signature storage 128 to identify content signatures associated with content that is prohibited from being stored at or accessible via the video content storage 108. In a particular embodiment, the prohibited content module 124 may access one or more prohibited content signatures based on metadata associated with the received video content. For example, the content signature associated with the received video content may be dependant upon the resolution of the video content. The prohibited content module 124 may identify the resolution of the video content based on the metadata, and may select a prohibited content signature associated with a resolution value similar to the resolution value of the received video content.
The prohibited content module 124 may compare one or more prohibited content signatures to the one or more content signatures associated with the received video content to determine whether the received video content includes prohibited video content. In a particular embodiment, prohibited video content may include copyright protected content not authorized for storage or uploading to the video content storage 108 or video content that is considered inappropriate for storage or uploading to the video content storage 108. To illustrate, prohibited content may include blacklisted content that has been identified by content providers or copyright owners as not being authorized for upload to or storage at the video content storage 108.
When the prohibited content module 124 determines that received video content includes prohibited video content, the blocking module 126 may be activated. The blocking module may inhibit transmission of the video content to the video content storage 108. For example, the blocking module 126 may add the registered user device 104 to a blacklist, thereby preventing receipt of video content from the registered user device 104. In another example, the blocking module 126 may remove the registered user device 104 from a list of authorized devices, thereby preventing access to the video content storage 108 for upload of video content. In a particular illustrative embodiment, action taken by the blocking module 124 to inhibit the transmission of the video content may be a short term measure, such as terminating a particular connection, or may include a long term measure, such as preventing the registered user device 104 or a user associated with the registered user device 104 from re-registering and uploading video content in the future.
In a particular embodiment, the detection module 125 may also be activated when prohibited video content is detected. The detection module 125 may determine whether a user associated with the registered user device 104 has attempted to modify the format of the video content. Modifying the format of the video content may be associated with an attempt to avoid the detection of the video content as prohibited video content. If the detection module 125 determines that the user associated with the registered user device 104 has attempted to modify the format, the blocking module 126 may initiate a longer term blocking function, such as prohibiting the user associated with the registered user device 104 from uploading content in the future.
The method 200 also includes, at 206, identifying content metadata associated with the video content. In a particular embodiment, the content metadata associated with the video content may be identified by accessing metadata transmitted with the video content. For example, metadata may be sent with the video content to the video content storage. The metadata may include information descriptive of the video content, such as a title, keywords, names of persons associated with the video content, etc.; information descriptive of the transmitted data, such as a file size, a file format, a saved or created date, an Internet Protocol address associated with the sending device, etc.; or any combination thereof. In another particular embodiment, the content metadata may be identified by accessing data previously stored to the video content storage. For example, prior to uploading the video content, a user may be asked to provide metadata to the video content storage. In an illustrative embodiment, the content metadata may be identified, at 208, by accessing content descriptive information provided by the user transmitting the video content data.
The method 200 also includes, at 210, determining whether the video content includes prohibited content based on the content signature and the content metadata. For example, the method 200 may include determining whether the video content includes prohibited content by, at 212, comparing the content signature to prohibited content signature data based at least partially on content metadata associated with the content. To illustrate, as shown in
Returning to
The method 200 also includes, at 216, blocking the data transmission when the video content includes prohibited content. Blocking the data transmission may include short term steps, such as closing a connection by which the data is being transmitted, or longer term steps, such as blacklisting a user associated with the data transmission or a user device associated with the data transmission. The method terminates at 218.
The method 300 also includes, at 304, accessing a prohibited content signature associated with at least one of the prohibited content items and, at 306, comparing a content signature to the prohibited content signature. The method 300 may also include, at 308, comparing the content metadata to prohibited content metadata to determine whether the video content includes prohibited video content. For example, a comparison of titles, file sizes, or other descriptive information provided by a user may be used to determine whether the video content includes prohibited video content.
In a particular embodiment, the video content storage 508 may be accessible to a control and management system 514. The control and management system 514 may include an interface 518 to communicate with the video content storage 508, a processor 516, and memory 520 accessible to the processor 516. The control and management system 514 may also include one or more modules 522-526 to implement functions of the control and management system 514. In an illustrative embodiment, the modules 522-526 can include logic, hardware, computer instructions executable by the processor 516, or any combination thereof. Additionally, the modules 522-526 may be discrete functional elements, such as logic blocks, or may be combined functional elements, such as one or more software instructions set executable by the logic to perform the functions described herein.
In a particular embodiment, the control and management system 514 may be adapted to scan the video content storage 508 to determine whether any of the video content 512 includes target video content. For example, the target video content may include prohibited video content identified at a signature storage 528.
In a particular embodiment, the control and management system 514 may include a signature module 522. The signature module 522 may be adapted to generate a content signature associated with a video content item stored at the video content storage 508. For example, the signature module 522 may access the video content 512 and may determine a series of coefficients associated with a wavelet transform of each video content item. In an illustrative embodiment, a content signature can be generated by applying a wavelet transform to a plurality of subsections of the video content item. For example, the video content item can include Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) content having a plurality of frames. The signature module 522 can determine a plurality of subsections of the MPEG video content based at least partially on a sequence of Intra-coded frames (I-frames), Predictive-coded frames (P-frames), or any combination thereof, within the MPEG video content. For instance, each subsection can be identified by a sequence number of an I-frame that is designated as the beginning or end of the subsection. By applying a wavelet transform, such as a Haar wavelet transform, to each of the subsections, a sequence of coefficients can be generated. Illustrative embodiments of content signatures are depicted in
The system 500 may also include a target content module 523. The target content module 523 may be adapted to compare the content signature to target content signature data based at least partially on content metadata 510 of the video content. For example, content signature associated with a particular video content item may be dependent upon a resolution value of the video content item. The signature storage 528 may include a plurality of target content signatures associated with each target content item. Each of the plurality of target content signatures associated with a particular target content item may be related to a different resolution value. To illustrate, a particular target content item may be associated with a first target content signature determined at a first resolution level. The particular target content item may also be associated with a second target content signature determined at a second resolution level. The signature module 522 may generate a content signature associated with a particular video content item and provide the content signature to the target content module 523. The target content module 523 may determine, based on metadata associated with the particular video content item, a resolution value associated with the video content item. The target content module 523 may access the signature storage 528 and identify target content signature data associated with a similar resolution value. The target content module 523 may compare the target content signature data to the content signature provided by the signature module 522 to determine whether the particular video content item is a target content item.
The system 500 may also include an access module 524. The access module 524 may be adapted to modify access settings of the video content storage 508 when target content is identified. For example, the access module 524 may determine a user associated with uploading the target content to the video content storage 508. The access module 524 may modify the user's rights to access the video content storage 508 based on the user uploading the target video content. To illustrate, the target video content may include prohibited video content, and the user associated with uploading the prohibited video content may be added to a blacklist to be prohibited from uploading video content in the future. In another example, the access module 524 may restrict access to the target video content by all users or a set of users. To illustrate, the target video content may be designated as inappropriate for certain users, such as minors, and the access module 524 may modify access settings associated with the target video content to prohibit certain users from accessing the target video content based on the designation. In a particular embodiment, the system 500 may also include a scrubbing module 525. The scrubbing module 525 may be adapted to remove a video content item from the video content storage 508 when the video content item is determined to include a target video content item.
The system 500 may also include a detection module 526. The detection module 526 may be adapted to determine whether particular video content item has been modified to avoid detection as target video content. For example, a user may modify the format of a video content item, e.g., change the format from an MPEG file to a Windows Media file, in an attempt to prevent the video content item from being identified as target video content. When the detection module 526 determines that a user has modified a video content item, additional measures may be taken to ensure that other content provided by the user at the video content storage 508 does not include target content items.
The method 600 also includes, at 608, accessing target content signature data. The target content signature data may include a plurality of content signatures associated with target content. The target content signature data may also include, metadata associated with the target content.
The method 600 also includes, at 610, determining whether the video content item includes target content based at least partially on the content signature and the content metadata. For example, determining whether the video content item includes target content may include comparing the first sequence of coefficients to a second sequence of coefficients related to the target content. To illustrate, one or more cross-correlation vectors may be evaluated. The cross-correlation vectors may compare a sequence of coefficients of the content signature with a sequence of coefficients of the target content signature data. Similarities between the cross-correlation vectors, such as substantially matching peaks, may indicate that the video content item includes the target content with an acceptable degree of confidence. Examples of cross-correlation vectors are illustrated in
In a particular embodiment, the method 600 may also include, at 614, inhibiting access to the video content item when the video content item includes target video content. In a particular illustrative embodiment, inhibiting access to the video content item may include, at 616, modifying access privileges associated with the video content item. For example, the access privileges may be modified such that certain users may not access or view the video content item. In another particular illustrative embodiment, inhibiting access to the video content item may include, at 618, removing the video content item from a video content storage.
The method 700 may also include, at 704, selecting at least one target signature with a degree of resolution similar to the degree of resolution of the video content. The method 700 may also include, at 706, comparing a content signature with the at least one target content signature. For example, comparing the content signature with the at least one content signature may include, at 708, determining a cross-correlation vector corresponding to the content signature and to the at least one target content signature.
Referring to
Referring to
In conjunction with the configuration of structure described herein, the systems and methods disclosed provide identification of target video content and monitoring transmission of video content. In a particular illustrative embodiment, a data stream carrying video content can be sent from a user device to a video content storage via a wide area network. A content control and management system may monitor the transmission and determine if the transmission includes data related to video content. When the transmission includes data related to video content, the content control and management system may determine a content signature related to the video content. The content control and management system may also determine content metadata related to the video content. The content control and management system may determine whether the video content includes prohibited content based on the content signature and the content metadata.
In another particular embodiment, a control and management system may access a video content storage to identify target video content. The control and management system may access content metadata related to a video content item at a content storage, and determine at least one content signature related to the video content item. The control and management system may determine whether the video content item includes target content based at least partially on the content signature and the content metadata.
Referring to
In a networked deployment, the computer system may operate in the capacity of a server or as a client user computer in a server-client user network environment, or as a peer computer system in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The computer system 1000 can also be implemented as or incorporated into various devices, such as a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a mobile device, a palmtop computer, a laptop computer, a desktop computer, a communications device, a wireless telephone, a land-line telephone, a control system, a camera, a scanner, a facsimile machine, a printer, a pager, a personal trusted device, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any other machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine. In a particular embodiment, the computer system 1000 can be implemented using electronic devices that provide voice, video or data communication. Further, while a single computer system 1000 is illustrated, the term “system” shall also be taken to include any collection of systems or sub-systems that individually or jointly execute a set, or multiple sets, of instructions to perform one or more computer functions.
As illustrated in
In a particular embodiment, as depicted in
In an alternative embodiment, dedicated hardware implementations, such as application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays and other hardware devices, can be constructed to implement one or more of the methods described herein. Applications that may include the apparatus and systems of various embodiments can broadly include a variety of electronic and computer systems. One or more embodiments described herein may implement functions using two or more specific interconnected hardware modules or devices with related control and data signals that can be communicated between and through the modules, or as portions of an application-specific integrated circuit. Accordingly, the present system encompasses software, firmware, and hardware implementations.
In accordance with various embodiments of the present disclosure, the methods described herein may be implemented by software programs executable by a computer system. Further, in an exemplary, non-limited embodiment, implementations can include distributed processing, component/object distributed processing, and parallel processing. Alternatively, virtual computer system processing can be constructed to implement one or more of the methods or functionality as described herein.
The present disclosure contemplates a computer-readable medium that includes instructions 1024 or receives and executes instructions 1024 responsive to a propagated signal, so that a device connected to a network 1026 can communicate voice, video or data over the network 1026. Further, the instructions 1024 may be transmitted or received over the network 1026 via the network interface device 1020.
While the computer-readable medium is shown to be a single medium, the term “computer-readable medium” includes a single medium or multiple media, such as a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers that store one or more sets of instructions. The term “computer-readable medium” shall also include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor or that cause a computer system to perform any one or more of the methods or operations disclosed herein.
In a particular non-limiting, exemplary embodiment, the computer-readable medium can include a solid-state memory such as a memory card or other package that houses one or more non-volatile read-only memories. Further, the computer-readable medium can be a random access memory or other volatile re-writable memory. Additionally, the computer-readable medium can include a magneto-optical or optical medium, such as a disk or tapes or other storage device to capture carrier wave signals such as a signal communicated over a transmission medium. A digital file attachment to an e-mail or other self-contained information archive or set of archives may be considered a distribution medium that is equivalent to a tangible storage medium. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include any one or more of a computer-readable medium or a distribution medium and other equivalents and successor media, in which data or instructions may be stored.
Although the present specification describes components and functions that may be implemented in particular embodiments with reference to particular standards and protocols, the disclosed embodiments are not limited to such standards and protocols. For example, standards for Internet and other packet switched network transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP/IP, HTML, HTTP) represent examples of the state of the art. Such standards are periodically superseded by faster or more efficient equivalents having essentially the same functions. Accordingly, replacement standards and protocols having the same or similar functions as those disclosed herein are considered equivalents thereof.
The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The illustrations are not intended to serve as a complete description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Many other embodiments may be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, the illustrations are merely representational and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be exaggerated, while other proportions may be reduced. Accordingly, the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
One or more embodiments of the disclosure may be referred to herein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any particular invention or inventive concept. Moreover, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the description.
The Abstract of the Disclosure is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together or described in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter may be directed to less than all of the features of any of the disclosed embodiments. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as defining separately claimed subject matter.
The above-disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments, which fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of the present invention is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.
This application claims priority from, and is a continuation of, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/959,905, filed Dec. 19, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
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