This disclosure relates generally to systems and films for protecting surfaces of various substrates, including electronic devices, such as portable electronic devices. More specifically, this disclosure relates to systems and protective films that may be applied to a surface to be protected without the presence of contaminants or visible air bubbles between the film and the surface and without the use of a solution to eliminate the presence of visible air bubbles. This disclosure also relates to systems for ensuring that protective films are precisely aligned with the surfaces to which they are to be secured. In addition, this disclosure relates to methods for protecting the surfaces of substrates, such as portable electronic devices.
In various aspects and embodiments, this disclosure relates to systems for protecting surfaces of electronic devices (e.g., portable electronic devices, etc.) and other substrates. Such a system enables the application of a protective film to a surface of an electronic device or another substrate.
In one aspect, such a system includes a protective film with upper and lower surfaces, and a liner adhesively secured to the lower surface of the protective film. The liner, which may also be referred to as a “backing” (see, e.g., the '175 Application), may include two separate or separable elements—a strip liner and a main liner. The strip liner of such a liner may be located over an end of lower surface of the protective film, while the main liner may cover a remainder of the lower surface of the protective film. In addition, such an embodiment of a system for protecting a surface of an electronic device or another substrate may include a cap shield, which is also referred to as an “application tape” (see, e.g., the '175 Application) over the protective film. Optionally, a release layer may be located between the protective film and the cap shield.
In embodiments where a system according to this disclosure includes a cap shield, tabs may be located at opposite ends of the cap shield. The tabs, which may protrude beyond opposite ends of a protective film of the system, may enable alignment of the protective film over the surface.
Such a system may be used by removing the strip liner from the adhesive material-coated lower surface of a protective film to expose a strip of adhesive material, aligning the protective film with the surface to which it is to be secured and, with the protective film and the surface in alignment, securing the strip of adhesive material to the surface. Thereafter, an opposite end of the protective film may be lifted away from the surface. While the protective element is in such an orientation (i.e., an at least partially upright orientation), a linear force may be applied across a width of the portion of the protective film that has been secured to the surface, and then moved toward the end of the protective film that has been lifted. Once the protective film has been secured to the surface in a desired manner (e.g., when there are no or substantially no air bubbles between the protective film and the surface, etc.), a cap shield and a release layer, if any, may be removed from the upper surface of the protective film.
In another aspect, a system may include a protective film and a release layer or another element over the upper surface of protective film, which release layer or other element may be configured to enable precise alignment of the protective film with the surface on which it is to be adhesively secured. Thus, the release layer or other element may also be referred to as an “alignment element.” In such a system, the liner and the cap shield, if any, may be transparent and colorless. As a result, the boundaries of a transparent, colorless protective film between the liner and the cap shield may be invisible, or they may be very difficult for an individual to see. By providing an alignment element, such as a release layer, that has the same configuration (e.g., shape, dimensions, etc.) as the protective film, over the protective film in complete superimposition therewith, and that contrasts with (e.g., is transparent and colored, translucent, etc.) and is visible through the liner and the cap shield, the alignment element may enable precise alignment between the protective film and the surface to which the protective film is to be adhesively secured.
In use, at least a portion of a liner of such a system may be removed from an adhesive material-coated lower surface of the protective film and the surface to which the protective film is to be applied may be visualized through the alignment element, which may enable precise alignment of the alignment element and, thus, the protective film with the surface. With the alignment element and the protective film properly aligned, the protective film may be secured to the surface. The alignment element may then be removed from the upper surface of the protective film.
Other aspects, as well as features and advantages of various aspects, of the disclosed subject matter will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art through consideration of the ensuing description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.
In the drawings:
With reference to
The protective film 20 of the system 10 is configured to be secured to the surface of a substrate (not shown in
In some embodiments, the protective film 20 may be formed from a plastic material, such as a polyurethane. A number of polyurethanes may provide desirable protective properties. In embodiments where the protective film 20 is transparent, a polyurethane may impart the protective film 20 with desirable optical properties (e.g., a clarity through which information or images may be viewed with little or no visible (to the naked eye, without image enhancement, etc.) distortion, etc.). For the sake of simplicity, the term “polyurethane,” as used herein, includes polymers that include urethane, or “carbamate,” linkages. A polyurethane may also include urea linkages, as well as combinations of urethane and urea linkages (e.g., poly(urethane-urea)s, etc.).
Other materials that may be suitable for use in forming the protective film 20 include polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polypropylene, polyester, poly(meth)acrylate, polyethylene, and rubbery resins (e.g., silicone elastomers, etc.). In other embodiments, the protective film 20 of a system 10 according to this disclosure may comprise glass.
The adhesive material 24 may comprise a pressure-sensitive adhesive material that will semi-permanently secure the protective film 20 to the surface of a substrate. In addition, the adhesive material 24 may be optically transparent. Example of adhesive materials with these properties include, but are not limited to, (meth)acrylates (e.g., acrylates, methacrylate, etc.), as well as adhesive materials that include chemistries based on natural and synthetic rubbers, polybutadiene and copolymers thereof, polyisoprene and copolymers thereof, and silicones (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane, polymethylphenylsiloxane, etc.). In a particular embodiment, the adhesive material 24 may include 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, vinyl acetate, and polymerized acrylic acid monomers. Such an adhesive material is available from entrochem, inc., of Columbus, Ohio, under trade name ENTROCHEM™-ECA 340.
The embodiment of liner 30 depicted by
As shown, the liner 30 may be divided into a strip liner 32 and a main liner 36. Adjacent edges 33 and 37 of the strip liner 32 and the main liner 36, respectively, may be completely separated from one another at a boundary 35, which may comprise a cut line. The cut line may extend completely through the liner 30 without extending into the lower surface 22 of the protective film 20. Alternatively, the boundary 35 may comprise a cut line that extends partially into the liner 30, a series of perforations extending across the liner 30 or a weakened line across the liner 30, or it may have any other suitable configuration.
The strip liner 32 may cover a strip 25 of the adhesive material 24 on the lower surface 22 of the protective film 20 at a location adjacent to a first end 28 of the protective film 20. The main liner 36 may cover a remainder of the adhesive material 24, from a location adjacent to the strip 25 to a second end 29 of the protective film 20.
The system 10 may include a release layer 40 on the upper surface 26 of the protective film 20. In some embodiments, a configuration of the release layer 40 (e.g., shape(s), dimensions, etc.) may be the same as, or identical to, a configuration of the protective film 20. The release layer 40 may be completely superimposed over the protective film 20.
A lower surface 42 of the release layer 40 may be positioned against the upper surface 26 of the protective film 20 without being adhesively secured to the upper surface 26 of the protective film 20. Rather, static electricity, by way of so-called “static cling,” may releasably secure the lower surface 42 of the release layer 40 to the upper surface 26 of the protective film 20. The adhesive strength of the static cling between the release layer 40 and the protective film 20 may withstand (and even exceed) the strength with which the adhesive material 24 secures the liner 30 to the lower surface 22 of the protective film 20. This difference in adhesive strengths may enable removal of the liner 30 from the lower surface 22 of the protective film 20 while the upper surface 26 of the protective film 20 remains in place against the lower surface 42 of the release layer 40. The adhesive strength of the adhesive material 24 between the lower surface 22 of the protective film 20 and a surface of a substrate on which the protective film 20 is to be secured (e.g., a display of a portable electronic device, etc.) may, however, exceed the adhesive strength of static cling between the release layer 40 and the protective film 20, which may enable the lower surface 22 of the protective film 20 to remain in place on the surface against which it has been positioned when the release layer 40 is removed from (e.g., pulled away from, etc.) the upper surface 26 of the protective film 20.
In some embodiments, including those where the protective film 20, the liner 30 and any cap shield 50 are transparent, and where the release layer 40 has the same configuration as the protective film 20, the release layer 40 may be visible through the protective film 20, the liner 30 and any cap shield 50. Such visibility may be imparted by a combination of color and transparency, translucence, a visible border or in any other manner that will enable a surface of a substrate to be visualized through the release layer 40. Visibility of the release layer 40 through the protective film 20, the liner 30 and any cap shield 50 may enable use of the release layer 40 for precise alignment of the protective film 20 with the surface to which the protective film 20 is to be applied.
As indicated previously herein, in embodiments where a system 10 according to this disclosure includes a cap shield 50, the cap shield 50 may be transparent. The cap shield 50 may be configured to receive force and/or pressure applied to an upper surface 56 thereof and to distribute the same. The distribution of such force and/or pressure may protect (e.g., prevent denting of, prevent scuffing, scratching or other blemishing of, etc.) the protective film 20 before and during application of the protective film 20 to a surface of a substrate.
The cap shield 50 includes a lower surface 52 that is coated with an adhesive material 54. The adhesive material 54 may secure an upper surface 46 of the release layer 40 to the lower surface 52 of the cap shield 50. A strength with which the adhesive material 54 on the lower surface 52 of the cap shield 50 secures the upper surface 46 of the release layer 40 to the lower surface 52 may exceed a strength with which the lower surface 42 of the release layer 40 is secured to the upper surface 26 of the protective film 20, enabling removal of the release layer 40 from the protective film 20 when the cap shield 50 is pulled away from the protective film 20.
In some embodiments, the cap shield 50 and the liner 30 may extend beyond an outer periphery 21 of the protective film 20. In a more specific embodiment, such as that depicted by
Further, the adhesive material 54 may secure the peripheral portion 51 at a first end 58 of the cap shield 50 to the peripheral portion 31 at a first end 38 of the liner 30 with greater strength than the adhesive material 54 secures the peripheral portion 51 at a second end 59 of the cap shield 50 to the peripheral portion 31 at a second end 39 of the liner 30. This difference in adhesive strengths may be achieved in any of a number of different ways. Without limitation, such a differential adhesive strength may be achieved by adhering the peripheral portion 51 of the cap shield 50 to the peripheral portion 31 of the liner 30, lifting the peripheral portion 51 at the second end 59 of the cap shield 50 away from peripheral portion 31 at the second end 39 of the liner 30 while leaving the peripheral portions 31 and 51 at the first ends 38 and 58 of the liner 30 and cap shield 50 in an adhered relation and re-adhering the second end 59 of the cap shield 50 to the second end 39 of the liner 30. As another example, differential adhesive strength may be achieved by use of different adhesive materials 54 or by use of different amounts of adhesive material 54 at the first end 58 and the second end 59 of the cap shield 50. Such processes may result in a “bumped” adhesive material 54 at the second end 59 of the cap shield 50.
In addition, a system 10 according to this disclosure may include tabs 68C and 69C at opposite ends thereof. More specifically, the tabs 68C and 69C may comprise extensions from the opposite first end 58 and the second end 59, respectively, of the cap shield 50. In some embodiments, the system may also include tabs 68L and 69L that extend from the opposite first end 38 and second end 39, respectively, of the liner 30. Tabs 68C and 68L may be completely superimposed with respect to one another, and tabs 69C and 69L may be completely superimposed with respect to one another. The tabs 68C and 69C may enable a user to position the system 10 and the protective film 20 in a manner that provides an individual with more control over the application process than merely grasping the edges of the cap shield 50 and/or the protective film 20. Additionally, the tabs 68C and 69C may reduce the likelihood that an individual's hands will contact and contaminate the adhesive material 24 on the lower surface 22 of the protective film 20 as the protective film 20 is being applied to the surface of a substrate.
One or more of the tabs 68C, 68L, 69C, 69L may include indicia 70. In the specific embodiment depicted by
Tab 69C may include indicia 70 in the form of the number “2”, which may indicate that tab 69C is to be pulled at some point in time after tab 68L to remove the cap shield 50 (and the release layer 40) from the upper surface 26 of the protective film 20. In some embodiments, the orientation of the indicia 70 on tab 69c may be combined with bumping of the adhesive material 54 at the second end 59 of the cap shield 50 to prevent tab 68c and the first end 58 of the cap shield 50 from being pulled and the cap shield 50 (and, optionally, the release layer 40) from being removed from the protective film 20 prematurely; i.e., before the protective film 20 has been secured to a surface of a substrate.
Turning now to
Once the strip 25 of adhesive material 24 has been exposed, the protective film 20 may be aligned with the surface 102 to which the protective film 20 is to be applied, as shown in
With the protective film 20 in alignment with the surface 102 to which the protective film 20 is to be adhered, the strip 25 of adhesive material 24 may be applied to the surface 102, as illustrated by
Since only a relatively small strip 25 (
As an alternative, the entire liner 30 may be removed from the lower surface 22 of the protective film 20 before any portion of the adhesive material 24 on the lower surface 22 contacts the surface 102. Such a technique may be employed in embodiments where the protective film 20 is rigid (e.g., formed from a glass, etc.) and/or when so-called “wet apply” processes are used. When such a technique is employed, the process steps shown and described in reference to
In some embodiments, including those where the protective film 20 comprises a flexible film, after the first end 28 of the protective film 20 has been adhesively secured to the surface 102 of the substrate 100, the second ends 29, 39 and 59 of the protective film 20, the liner 30 (i.e., the main liner 36) and the cap shield 50, respectively, may be lifted away from the surface 102, as depicted by
With the system 10 in the arrangement depicted by
Once the protective film 20 has been properly secured to the surface 102 of the substrate 100, the cap shield 50 and the release layer 40 may be removed from the upper surface 26 of the protective film 20. Removal of the cap shield 50 and the release layer 40 may be effected by pulling tab 69c away from the surface 102. As illustrated, tab 69c and the second end 59 of the cap shield 50 may be pulled back across the protective film 20 and the surface 102 on which the protective film 20 resides.
With reference now turned to
Although the preceding disclosure provides many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of any of the ensuing claims. Other embodiments may be devised which do not depart from the scopes of the claims. Features from different embodiments may be employed in combination. The scope of each claim is, therefore, indicated and limited only by its plain language and the full scope of available legal equivalents to its elements.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/431,756, filed on Feb. 13, 2017 and titled SYSTEMS FOR SECURING PROTECTIVE FILMS TO SURFACES OF SUBSTRATES (“the '756 Application”), now U.S. Pat. No. 11,111,418, issued Sep. 7, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/750,370, filed on Jun. 25, 2015 and titled SYSTEMS FOR SECURING PROTECTIVE FILMS TO SURFACES OF SUBSTRATES (“the '370 Application”), now U.S. Pat. No. 9,580,626, issued Feb. 28, 2017. The '370 Application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/865,175, filed on Apr. 17, 2013 and titled DRY APPLY PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS AND METHODS (“the '175 Application”). In the '175 Application, a claim for the benefit of priority to the Apr. 17, 2012 filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/625,550, titled DRY APPLY PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS AND METHODS (“the '550 Provisional Application”) as made pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e). The '175 Application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/166,745, titled PROTECTIVE FILMS FOR DRY APPLICATION TO PROTECTED SURFACES, INSTALLATION ASSEMBLIES AND KITS INCLUDING THE FILMS, DEVICES PROTECTED WITH THE FILMS, AND ASSOCIATED METHODS, filed on Jun. 22, 2011 (“the '745 Application”), in which claims were made for the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/357,972, titled PROTECTIVE FILMS FOR DRY APPLICATION TO PROTECTED SURFACES, INSTALLATION ASSEMBLIES AND KITS INCLUDING THE FILMS, DEVICES PROTECTED WITH THE FILMS, AND ASSOCIATED METHODS and filed on Jun. 23, 2010 (“the '972 Provisional Application”) pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) and to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 61/357,427, titled PROTECTIVE FILMS FOR DRY APPLICATION TO PROTECTED SURFACES, INSTALLATION ASSEMBLIES AND KITS INCLUDING THE FILMS, DEVICES PROTECTED WITH THE FILMS, AND ASSOCIATED METHODS and filed on Jun. 22, 2010 (“the '427 Provisional Application”) pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e). The entire disclosure of each of the '756 Application, the '370 Application, the '175 Application, the '427 Provisional Application, the '972 Provisional Application, the '745 Application, and the '550 Provisional Application is hereby incorporated herein.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3971691 | Cairns | Jul 1976 | A |
3987569 | Chase | Oct 1976 | A |
4026485 | Ambrose | May 1977 | A |
4119332 | Merrill | Oct 1978 | A |
4709695 | Kohn et al. | Dec 1987 | A |
4728380 | Jones et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
RE33353 | Heinecke | Sep 1990 | E |
5147489 | Scrutton et al. | Sep 1992 | A |
5419666 | Best | May 1995 | A |
5498455 | Roberts | Mar 1996 | A |
5520629 | Heinecke et al. | May 1996 | A |
5888335 | Kobe et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
5951054 | Hagen et al. | Sep 1999 | A |
6008429 | Ritger | Dec 1999 | A |
6054009 | Cote et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6129929 | Wick | Oct 2000 | A |
6159497 | LaPrade et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
6297422 | Hansen et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6613411 | Kollaja et al. | Sep 2003 | B2 |
6700033 | Marcussen et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
6733863 | Mizuno et al. | May 2004 | B1 |
6758000 | Sandt et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
6821593 | Maggio et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
D578164 | Ingle | Oct 2008 | S |
8044942 | Leonhard et al. | Oct 2011 | B1 |
D658164 | Chan | Apr 2012 | S |
8236400 | Trigg et al. | Aug 2012 | B2 |
8333408 | Flynn | Dec 2012 | B2 |
8393377 | Patel et al. | Mar 2013 | B2 |
8517367 | Napier | Aug 2013 | B1 |
8594755 | Tages et al. | Nov 2013 | B1 |
8640759 | Chen | Feb 2014 | B2 |
8642173 | O'Donnell | Feb 2014 | B2 |
8655481 | Sheu | Feb 2014 | B2 |
D708804 | Piro | Jul 2014 | S |
8923937 | Tages et al. | Dec 2014 | B2 |
8940122 | Cohen et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
8944425 | Napier | Feb 2015 | B2 |
D727330 | Reaux | Apr 2015 | S |
9033019 | Patel et al. | May 2015 | B2 |
D734311 | Takamoto et al. | Jul 2015 | S |
9079383 | Tapio et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
9089085 | Patel et al. | Jul 2015 | B2 |
9120954 | Feller | Sep 2015 | B2 |
9192086 | Hsu et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
D746265 | Colby et al. | Dec 2015 | S |
9228117 | Sherman et al. | Jan 2016 | B2 |
9248634 | Cohen et al. | Feb 2016 | B2 |
9580626 | Colby et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
9688016 | Rostami | Jun 2017 | B2 |
9777195 | Colby et al. | Oct 2017 | B2 |
9918418 | Chou | Mar 2018 | B2 |
10009057 | Chaves et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
10364374 | Colby et al. | Jul 2019 | B2 |
10421885 | Colby et al. | Sep 2019 | B2 |
10608689 | Chaves et al. | Mar 2020 | B2 |
11111418 | Colby | Sep 2021 | B2 |
20010053648 | Furukawa et al. | Dec 2001 | A1 |
20030082327 | Pearson et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
20040131815 | Maggio et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040137249 | Kamiyama | Jul 2004 | A1 |
20040170817 | Fox et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20040246386 | Thomas et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
20050087977 | Crum | Apr 2005 | A1 |
20050116334 | Buehler | Jun 2005 | A1 |
20050168697 | Bruzzone et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
20060062953 | Trigg et al. | Mar 2006 | A1 |
20060186001 | Anderson et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
20060262405 | Brumwell | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20080099152 | Nakamura | May 2008 | A1 |
20090075006 | Lynam et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
20090186181 | Mase | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090186198 | McGuire, Jr. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
20090286073 | Hamano | Nov 2009 | A1 |
20090301907 | Mason | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20090313902 | Brisbois et al. | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20100092713 | Bullard et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100098942 | Stachnik et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100264566 | Moore et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
20110020640 | Sherman et al. | Jan 2011 | A1 |
20110250375 | Bries et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20110267793 | Cohen et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
20110293870 | Lin | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20110309608 | Flynn et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120008269 | Gengler | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120057287 | Chaves | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120064318 | Keite-Telgenbüscher et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
20120087072 | McGuire | Apr 2012 | A1 |
20120183712 | Leonhard et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120183713 | Leonhard et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120211168 | Patel et al. | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20130045371 | O'Donnell | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130045372 | O'Donnell | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130048203 | Yau et al. | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130156999 | Braesch et al. | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130171400 | Lin | Jul 2013 | A1 |
20130199714 | Patel et al. | Aug 2013 | A1 |
20130295310 | Tages et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20130296004 | Tages et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20130299075 | Colby et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20130316112 | Leonhard et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20140072749 | Leonhard et al. | Mar 2014 | A1 |
20140109284 | Lefrancois, Jr. | Apr 2014 | A1 |
20140124146 | Patel et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140130971 | Wu et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140134412 | O'Donnell | May 2014 | A1 |
20140139991 | Gengler | May 2014 | A1 |
20140230988 | Chou | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20150041069 | Wadsworth et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150047773 | Wadsworth et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150107767 | Wadsworth et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
20150169089 | Dixon et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
20150246514 | LaColla et al. | Sep 2015 | A1 |
20150246515 | Patel et al. | Sep 2015 | A1 |
20150273786 | Ozeki | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150291854 | Colby et al. | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20150314523 | Mason et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
20150321416 | Patel et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
20150323961 | Leonhard et al. | Nov 2015 | A1 |
20150370288 | Dinesh | Dec 2015 | A1 |
20160009024 | Mason | Jan 2016 | A1 |
20180117874 | Rothbauer et al. | May 2018 | A1 |
20180350641 | Nakamura et al. | Dec 2018 | A1 |
20190072692 | Baek et al. | Mar 2019 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2328071 | Feb 1999 | GB |
2002-297041 | Oct 2002 | JP |
2006168344 | Jun 2006 | JP |
2008030174 | Feb 2008 | JP |
1020050093046 | Sep 2005 | KR |
1020060022825 | Mar 2006 | KR |
1020060022952 | Mar 2006 | KR |
1020060094268 | Aug 2006 | KR |
2001052223 | Jul 2001 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Petite, Edward M., “Selecting an Adhesive—Like Selecting a Marriage Partner, Special Chem,” http://www.specialchem4adhesives.com/home/editorial./aspx?id353, May 28, 2003. |
Eclometer Instruments, 2006. |
USPTO as International Searching Authority, “International Search Report and Written Opinion,” International Application No. PCT/US2011/041525, Jan. 11, 2012. |
Korean Intellectual Property Office as International Searching Authority, “International Search Report and Written Opinion,” International Application No. PCT/US2011/050216, Apr. 12, 2012. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20210403764 A1 | Dec 2021 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61625550 | Apr 2012 | US | |
61357972 | Jun 2010 | US | |
61357427 | Jun 2010 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 15431756 | Feb 2017 | US |
Child | 17468598 | US | |
Parent | 14750370 | Jun 2015 | US |
Child | 15431756 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 13865175 | Apr 2013 | US |
Child | 14750370 | US | |
Parent | 13166745 | Jun 2011 | US |
Child | 13865175 | US |