Patent Grant
11199062
The present disclosure relates to identification of groundwater, and more particularly to systems, methods, and apparatuses for identifying groundwater during rock drill cutting.
Drilling holes in rock frequently intersects with groundwater while drilling. However, in quarry and mining applications if the operator is unable to detect the water location the use of expensive explosive products may be required. This can lead to higher cost for the blasting process and/or result in poor detonation of the explosives. In the context of in-ground stabilization drilling, if the operator does not know the existence or location of water, the hole column may be grouted more than necessary. This can lead to higher costs and result in unnecessarily hydrofracking rock.
European Patent Document EP 232149 (“the EP '149 patent document”) describes a method for handling drill cuttings, where drill cuttings are directed based on water content either to a dust separator of a dust collection system or away from the dust collection system before the dust separator. According to the EP '149 patent document, directing the drill cuttings away from the dust collection system prevents problems caused to the dust collection system by excessively aqueous drill cuttings. The EP '149 patent document also describes that water content of drill cuttings can be detected automatically using a water content sensor, such as a moisture detector. However, the EP '149 patent document is not understood to identify groundwater location in the drill hole based on the detected water content of the drill cuttings.
According to an aspect a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method is disclosed or provided. The method can comprise continuously determining presence or not of groundwater in a blasthole based on signals from one or more moisture sensors regarding moisture content of rock cuttings as a drilling machine drills the blasthole. The method can also comprise continuously mapping the blasthole for groundwater based on said continuously determining presence or not of groundwater as the drilling machine drills the blasthole, the mapping including location in the blasthole where the presence of groundwater is identified. The continuously determining presence or not of groundwater can include determining when a water content value of the rock cuttings increases by a predetermined amount.
In another aspect, a method of determining groundwater location at a worksite via a set of one or more drill holes at the worksite is disclosed or implemented. The method can comprise receiving, in real time, using an electronic processor, signaling from a moisture sensor regarding moisture content of cuttings at a collar of one of the one or more drill holes as the cuttings exit the drill hole as a drilling machine drills the drill hole; determining, in real time, using the electronic processor, whether groundwater exists in the drill hole based on the signaling from the moisture sensor regarding moisture content of the cuttings, as the drilling machine drills the drill hole; and logging, in real time, using the electronic processor, depth in the drill hole at which each groundwater determination occurs, as the drilling machine drills the drill hole. The determining whether groundwater exists can include determining when a water content value of the cuttings has increased by a predetermined amount relative to an immediately previous water content value of the cuttings.
And in another aspect a rock drill cutting system for determining groundwater elevation is disclosed or provided. The rock drill cutting system can comprise a groundwater detection sensor configured to measure, in real time, water content of rock cuttings exiting a collar of a blasthole as the rock cuttings are flushed from the blasthole using a stream of compressed air emanating from a rotary drill bit as the rotary drill bit performs a rock drill cutting operation to progressively drill the blasthole; and circuitry of a drilling machine operatively coupled to the groundwater detection sensor. The circuitry can be configured to continuously analyze, in real time, water content data from the groundwater detection sensor as the rotary drill bit progresses in depth of the blasthole, to determine existence of groundwater at predetermined depth intervals of the blasthole, and generate a map of the blasthole as the rotary drill bit progresses in depth of the blasthole to completion of the blasthole based on the continuous analysis of the water content data from the groundwater detection sensor, the map representing which depth or depths within the blasthole are identified to have groundwater and which are identified not to have groundwater. The continuous analysis to determine existence of groundwater can include determining when the water content data indicates that a water content value of the rock cuttings has increased by a predetermined amount relative to an immediately previous water content value of the rock cuttings.
Other features and aspects of this disclosure will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings.
The present disclosure relates to identification of groundwater, and more particularly to systems, methods, and apparatuses for identifying groundwater during rock drill cutting.
The drilling machine 200 can include a frame 202 supported on a transport mechanism, such as crawler tracks 204 in a rear portion 219 of the drilling machine 200, as illustrated in
The drilling machine 200 can also include a work tool 214, supported by the mast 206, for performing the drilling operation. The work tool 214 may include a rotary drill bit (e.g., a rotary tricone drill bit). The work tool 214 may be rotated via one or more electric motors of the drilling machine 200 or via a hydraulic system of the drilling machine 200. Thus, the drilling machine 200 may be characterized as an electric drilling machine (full or partial electric) or a hydraulic drilling machine (e.g., a hydraulic rock drill).
According to one or more embodiments, the drilling machine 200 may include a dust containment system 218 provided below the frame 202. The dust containment system 218 can define an enclosure 220 for covering the work tool 214 between one or more walls 222 and a dust curtain 224. In an embodiment, a plurality of dust curtains 224 may define the enclosure for covering the work tool 214. The drilling operation can be performed with the work tool 214 within the enclosure 220 of the dust containment system 218.
The dust containment system 218 may include one or more actuators 226 attached to the frame 202 of the drilling machine 200. The one or more actuators 226 may be connected to the dust curtain 224. Based on the movement of the actuators 226, the height of the dust curtain 224 with respect to a ground surface of the worksite can be adjusted. In accordance with an embodiment, the actuators 226 may be hydraulically operated. However, the actuators 226 may alternatively be operated pneumatically or mechanically, based on the particular configuration of drilling machine 200.
The drilling machine 200 may also include a dust suppression system 230. The dust suppression system 230 can be configured to control the amount of dust generated and released during a drilling operation performed by the drilling machine 200. According to one or more embodiments, the dust suppression system 230 can be configured to automatically detect and predict dust levels generated by the drilling operation of the drilling machine 200 at the worksite.
The dust containment system 218 and/or the dust suppression system 230 may be referred to as a dust management system 218/230. Discussed in more detail below, either or both parts of the dust management system 218/230 can be controlled based on identification of groundwater in the drill hole 100 during the drilling operation of the drilling machine 200. For instance, the dust suppression system 230 may be turned off in response to identification of groundwater in the drill hole 100 during the drilling operation of the drilling machine 200. To be clear, drilling machines, such as drilling machine 200, according to one or more embodiments of the disclosed subject matter may not include the dust containment system 218 or the like and/or may not include the dust suppression system 230 or the like. That is, according to one or more embodiments, the drilling machine without the dust containment system 218 and/or the dust suppression system 230 may detect and determine groundwater location within the drill hole 100 without regard to functionality of the dust containment system 218 and/or the dust suppression system 230.
A controller 250 of the drilling machine 200, which may represent one or more controllers, can be operatively provided to control various components of the drilling machine 200. For instance, the controller 250 can control the drilling operation, for instance, the rotation rate of the work tool 214, the rate or penetration of the work tool 214, retraction of the work tool 214, etc. The controller 250 can also control operation of the jacks 208, the crawler tracks 204, the dust containment system 218, and/or the dust suppression system 230. Optionally, the controller 250 can be operatively coupled to the operator control interface 212. Thus, some or all of such control can be via operator input to the operator control interface 212. Control information pertaining to the operation of the drilling machine 200 can also be sent to the operator control interface 212 via the controller 250.
One or more water or moisture sensors 240 can be provided. Each sensor 240 can be an optical or laser sensor aimed at and/or adjacent a collar of the drill hole 100 (as diagrammatically shown by the dashed arrow in
Different refractive ranges may be associated with groundwater coating the cuttings versus either no water coating the cuttings or a relatively small amount of water coating the cuttings. The relatively small amount of water may be introduced into the drill hole 100 from a water injection system 245 during the drilling operation of the drilling machine 200. Thus, the sensor 240 may be sensitive enough to sense changes in water content to detect that the change is representative of the work tool 214 intersecting groundwater as the drilling machine 200 drills the drill hole 100, even if water is being introduced or has been introduced into the drill hole 100 from the water injection system 245. The sensor 240 can also detect, or be used to determine, an amount (e.g., volume) of groundwater in the drill hole 100 associated with the cuttings exiting the drill hole 100. Thus, the sensor 240 can measure changes in moisture or water content of the cuttings exiting the drill hole 100 to identify existence of groundwater at particular locations (e.g., depths) in the drill hole 100. Such measurements can also identify locations (e.g., depths) in the drill hole 100 where groundwater is not identified, including transitions to and from groundwater locations relative to dry locations within the drill hole 100.
Generally, the drilling machine 200 can be configured to drill the drill hole 100 in earthen material below the drilling machine 200 using the work tool 214 and corresponding components (e.g., drill string, etc.). The drill hole 100 may be referred to as a blasthole 100 or a probe hole 100 and can be vertical or substantially vertical. An initial opening of the drill hole 100 may be referred to as a collar. After the drill hole 100 has been drilled and the drilling machine 200 moved from over the drill hole (and optionally after all drill holes or a subset of drill holes at the worksite have been completed), explosives can be placed at predetermined locations within one or more (e.g., all) of the drill holes 100. The path of the cuttings from the rock-work tool 214 interface to exiting the drill hole 100 can be substantially instantaneous, at least from the perspective of an operator of the drilling machine 200. For instance, the cuttings may exit the drill hole 100 at or about at a velocity of 5000 ft/min. Hence, the accuracy of measurements regarding the locations of the cuttings from within the drill hole 100 as described herein can be according to millimeter accuracy, for instance, within at or about 1 mm to at or about 2 mm.
The controller 250 can include an electronic processor 260, a non-transitory computer-readable media 265, and an input/output interface 270. The electronic processor 260, the computer-readable media 265, and the input/output interface 270 can be connected by one or more control and/or data buses that allow the components to communicate. It should be understood that the functionality of the controller 250 can be combined with one or more other controllers to perform additional functionality. Additionally or alternatively, the functionality of the controller 250 can be distributed among more than one controller.
The computer-readable media 265 can store program instructions and data. The electronic processor 260 can be configured to retrieve instructions from the computer-readable media 265 and execute, among other things, the instructions to perform the control processes and methods described herein. The input/output interface 270 can transmit data from the controller 250 to systems, networks, and devices located remotely or onboard the drilling machine 200 (e.g., over one or more wired and/or wireless connections). The input/output interface 270 can also receive data from systems, networks, and devices located remotely or onboard the drilling machine 200 (e.g., over one or more wired and/or wireless connections). The input/output interface 270 can provide received data to the electronic processor 260 and, in some embodiments, can also store received data to the computer-readable media 265.
As illustrated in
Generally, the operator control interface 212 can be configured to control the water injection system 245, the dust containment system 218, and/or the dust suppression system 230, at least in some respects. For example, the operator control interface 212 can allow an operator to enter desired settings for dust suppression, such as water flow rate, water flow cutoff depth, suction cutoff depth, particulate limit (e.g., size and/or amount), etc. However, the controller 250 may automatically control the water injection system 245, the dust containment system 218, and/or the dust suppression system 230, as discussed in more detail below, based on detection of groundwater in the drill hole 100. The operator control interface 212 can also output (e.g., display) information including a measured water tank level, a measured water flow rate, a water flow rate set point, a dust collector suction output, a dust collector suction set point, a measured particulate level, a particulate level set point, etc. pertaining to the dust management system 218/230 and/or the water injection system 245.
The controller 250 can also communicate with a hole depth sensor 275. Generally, the hole depth sensor 275 can measure depth of the drill hole 100 as the drill hole 100 is being drilled. As examples, such hole depth sensor 275 can sense position of the work tool 214 and/or a motor (e.g., electric motor) driving the work tool 214 to determine depth of the work tool 214 and hence the drill hole 100 as the drill hole 100 is drilled. The controller 250 can use depth data from the hole depth sensor 275 to associate depth of the drill hole 100 with location of identified groundwater.
A bit air exception sensor 280 may be provided to indicate a blockage in the drill hole 100. Remedial actions may need to be taken (e.g., retract the work tool 214) to clear the blockage. Such action can be performed manually via the operator control interface 212 or automatically using the controller 250, for instance.
The controller 250 can receive signals from the sensor 240. The signals can be received in real time and can be representative of moisture or water content of cuttings exiting the drill hole 100 as the work tool 214 of the drilling machine 200 progressively drills the drill hole 100. Such drilling operation of the drilling machine 200 may be referred to as a rock cutting operation, since the earthen material being drilled by the drilling machine 200 can be formed at least partially of rock.
The controller 250 can analyze the signals from the sensor(s) 240 in real time as the work tool 214 drills the drill hole 100. This can include analysis of water content data associated with the signals as the work tool 214 progresses in depth to identify that the work tool 214 has reached a water-bearing seam of earthen material (e.g., rock). Such identification can be referred to as determining existence of groundwater in the drill hole 100. According to one or more embodiments, the analysis can be performed continuously according to predetermined depth intervals as the work tool 214 progresses in the drill hole 100. For instance, the predetermined depth intervals may on a millimeter basis, for instance, at or about 1 mm to at or about 2 mm.
The controller 250 may determine existence of groundwater when the water content data associated with the signals from the sensor(s) 240 indicates that a water content value of the cuttings increases by a predetermined amount relative to an immediately previous water content value of the cuttings exiting the drill hole 100. The predetermined amount may be according to a percentage increase. Thus, the difference in moisture content can identify where the drill hole 100 intersects groundwater of a water-bearing seam. More than one intersection can be identified in each drill hole 100. The drill hole 100, therefore, may intersect multiple water-bearing seams in some cases. Distinct locations of identified groundwater within one drill hole 100 may be referred to herein as instances of existence or presence of groundwater within the drill hole 100.
According to one or more embodiments, the immediately previous water content value can be a non-zero value due to water introduced into the drill hole 100 from a source other than the water-bearing seam, such as water provided to the drill hole 100 by the water injection system 245. Such immediately previous water content value may be a constant value in that water from the water injection system 245 can be provided at a constant rate. Alternatively, the immediately previous water content value can be zero or substantially zero, meaning that the immediately previous cuttings correspond to no water from the water injection system 245 being provided and lack of groundwater at the immediately previous location within the drill hole 100.
The analysis by the controller 250 may also determine an amount of water volume associated with the location in the drill hole 100 at which groundwater is determined to exist. The determined amount of water volume may be determined based on the amount of increase in the water content value discussed above. Such water volume may represent or may be processed by the controller 250 to determine an amount of water volume added or estimated to be added to the drill hole 100 by the portion of the water-bearing earthen system. In the case of multiple distinct locations of groundwater for one drill hole 100, i.e., multiple water-bearing seams, the controller 250 record how much water volume each groundwater location individually provides to the drill hole 100. Alternatively, the controller 250 may keep a running total of the total amount of added water or alternatively, determine the total amount of added water upon completion of the drill hole 100.
Existence of groundwater within the drill hole 100 can be associated with a corresponding location or locations within the drill hole 100. The controller 250 can perform such association in real time as the drilling machine 200 drills the drill hole 100. Location (e.g., depth) data from the hole depth sensor 275 can be used to identify position of the bottom of the work tool 214 in the drill hole 100 and hence from the location in the drill hole 100 from where the cuttings originated.
The association of groundwater identification with location in the drill hole 100 may be characterized as mapping or logging the drill hole 100 in terms of groundwater locations within the drill hole 100. Such mapping or logging may also identify locations where groundwater is not identified to be present when drilling the drill hole 100. Thus, the association can represent depth or depths within the drill hole 100 at which the work tool 214 intersected groundwater. In this regard, the mapping or logging can also include location of transition to and transition from the groundwater seam. For instance, the mapping or logging can include one or more intersections in the drill hole 100 between dry rock and wet rock corresponding to existence of groundwater. The logging or mapping can also identify an amount of water volume associated with each existence of groundwater. Such amount of water volume may be representative of how much water the water-bearing seam provides to the drill hole 100.
According to one or more embodiments, the controller 250 can reduce an amount of water introduced into the drill hole 100 by the water injection system 245 when the existence of groundwater is determined from the analysis of the water content of the cuttings. For example, the controller 250 can reduce the amount of water to zero or a value less than a value prior when groundwater is identified during the drilling operation. Optionally, the controller 250 can reduce the amount of water supplied to the drill hole 100 by the water injection system 245 each time groundwater is identified when drilling the drill hole 100. Thus, in a case where the work tool 214 intersects multiple water-bearing seams separated by a non-water-bearing seam when drilling the drill hole 100, the water from the water injection system 245 may be reduced upon the work tool 214 reaching the first water-bearing seam, increased after the work tool 214 exits the first water-bearing seam, and reduced again upon the work tool 214 reaching the second water-bearing seam. The intervening location in the drill hole 100 associated with no groundwater may be referred to as a third depth within the drill hole 100 separating first and second depths associated with existence of groundwater within the drill hole 100. The reduction of water supplied from the water injection system 245 can be maintained until an identified transition from the groundwater location to the non-groundwater location in the drill hole 100 or a predetermined time after the transition.
Optionally, the controller 250 may control some or all of the dust management system 218/230 when the existence of groundwater is identified in the drill hole 100. For instance, the controller 250 may turn off the dust suppression system 230 or lower the suction speed thereof responsive to a determination of existence of groundwater in the drill hole 100. Such control of the dust management system 218/230 can be maintained until an identified transition from the groundwater location to a non-groundwater location in the drill hole 100 or a predetermined time after the transition.
Information regarding the groundwater determination may be provided to the operator via the operator control interface 212, for instance, on a display device thereof. Such groundwater determination information can be provided in real time to the operator control interface 212, including responsive to the determination of groundwater existence in the drill hole 100. Alternatively, such groundwater determination information can be continuously output by the operator control interface 212 and can include a mapping or logging of the groundwater determinations versus location in the drill hole 100 as the drilling machine 200 drills the drill hole 100. Output of such groundwater determination information may be used by the operator to control the drilling machine 200 or portions thereof, such as the dust management system 218/230 and/or the water injection system 245. Alternatively, as noted above, such systems can be automatically controlled by the controller 250 based on the determination of existence of groundwater within the drill hole 100.
Groundwater location information can be offloaded from the drilling machine 200, for instance, to the back office system 300. Such offloading can be via a wired and/or wireless network and can be performed after (e.g., upon) completion of the drilling operation to drill the drill hole 100. According to one or more embodiments, the groundwater location information can be offloaded as a mapping or a log, such as described above. Optionally, the groundwater location information can be formatted in a batch file and offloaded.
As noted above, the present disclosure relates to identification of groundwater, and more particularly to systems, methods, and apparatuses for identifying groundwater during rock drill cutting.
Generally, systems, methods, and apparatuses can identify groundwater as a drilling machine drills a drill hole, such as drilling machine 200 drilling drill hole 100. Presence (or not) of groundwater can be continuously monitored as the drilling machine 200 drills the drill hole 100 using one or more groundwater or moisture sensors 240 to detect moisture or water content of cuttings from the drill hole 100. Such data from the sensor(s) 240 can be processed, for instance, by a controller such as controller 250, to determine the presence (or not) of groundwater within the drill hole 100, as the drilling machine 200 drills the drill hole 100.
Location of the end of the work tool 214, as sensed determined position signaling from the hole depth sensor 275, for instance, can be used to identify a location within the drill hole 100 from which the cuttings associated with the determined groundwater came and hence location in the drill hole 100 where the work tool 214 met groundwater. A mapping or logging of the drill hole 100 can be generated, for instance, using the controller 250, with the location or locations where the presence of groundwater is identified. After completion of drilling the drill hole 100, the completed mapping or logging of the drill hole 100 can be offloaded from the drilling machine 200, for instance, to a back office system such as back office system 300. The mapping or logging information may be offloaded in a batch file.
The method 400, at 402, can receive water or moisture content data from one or more water or moisture sensors, such as sensor 240. Such data can be received in real time, for instance, by the controller 250. The data can be representative of water or moisture content of cuttings at a collar of the drill hole 100 as the cuttings are expelled from the drill hole 100 while the drilling machine 200 progressively drills the drill hole 100.
At 404, the method 400 can process the water content data to determine existence or not of groundwater within the drill hole 100 corresponding to a location within the drill hole 100 from where the cuttings came. Such processing can be performed by the controller 250 in real time. The determination of whether groundwater exists or not can include determining when a water content value of the cuttings has increased by a predetermined amount, for instance, relative to an immediately previous water content value of the cuttings. The increase in water content can also be used to determine an amount of water (e.g., volume) associated with the determined groundwater in the drill hole 100. The determined amount of water can represent the amount of water supplied to the drill hole 100 by the corresponding water-bearing seam.
At 406, the method 400 can identify location of the identified groundwater within the drill hole 100. Such processing can be performed by the controller 250 in real time. Operation 406 can also involve identify locations in the drill hole 100 without groundwater. Such identification may be referred to as association of the groundwater with location within the drill hole 100. According to one or more embodiments, the association can be by way of logging or mapping the existence of groundwater or not relative to location within the drill hole 100 in real time as the drilling machine 200 drills the drill hole 100. The mapping or logging can be stored in memory of the controller 250. Optionally, such location association can include association of a water amount (e.g., water volume) associated with location of the identified groundwater within the drill hole 100.
At operation 408 the mapping or logging information can be offloaded from the drilling machine 200. The mapping or logging information can be offloaded after (e.g., upon) completion of the drilling of the drill hole 100. According to one or more embodiments, the offloading can be from the drilling machine 200 to the back office system 300.
The operations 402-408 can be performed for one or more additional drill holes 100. Groundwater location data pertaining to a set drill holes 100 at the worksite can be mapped, for instance, by the back office system 300, to map the terrain of the worksite and corresponding groundwater or moisture for the terrain. Such mapping can be used for the management and placement of blast charges in the drill holes 100. According to one or more embodiments, such mapping of groundwater for the set of drill holes 100 can include interpolation of groundwater location estimates between the drill holes 100.
As used herein, the term “circuitry” can refer to any or all of the following: (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and/or digital circuitry); (b) to combinations of circuits and software (and/or firmware), such as (as applicable): (i) a combination of processor(s) or (ii) portions of processor(s)/software (including digital signal processor(s)), software and memory(ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions); and (c) to circuits, such as a microprocessor(s) or a portion of a microprocessor(s), that require software or firmware for operation, even if the software or firmware is not physically present.
While aspects of the present disclosure have been particularly shown and described with reference to the embodiments above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various additional embodiments may be contemplated by the modification of the disclosed machines, assemblies, systems, and methods without departing from the spirit and scope of what is disclosed. Such embodiments should be understood to fall within the scope of the present disclosure as determined based upon the claims and any equivalents thereof.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6839000 | Das et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 7193414 | Kruspe et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 8152410 | Roth | Apr 2012 | B2 |
| 9194183 | Stacy, II et al. | Nov 2015 | B2 |
| 10024114 | Vandapel et al. | Jul 2018 | B2 |
| 10151199 | Kuiper | Dec 2018 | B2 |
| 10222191 | Handel | Mar 2019 | B2 |
| 20170044894 | Surowinski | Feb 2017 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2 321 490 | Jan 2019 | EP |
| 11-247576 | Sep 1999 | JP |
| 2010029216 | Mar 2010 | WO |
