Patent Grant
8721431
1. Technical Field
This disclosure generally relates to the field of games and more particularly to providing instances of a secondary game by a gaming machine configured to provide instances of a primary game and instances of a secondary game.
2. Description of the Related Art
Today, modern game-entertainment centers such as casinos provide electronic gaming machines which offer various games to players. Some electronic gaming machines may be configured to provide a primary game and a secondary game. For example, in a casino environment, a gaming machine may provide a slot-based game as the primary game of the gaming machine. A patron, player, of the casino may insert money into the gaming machine to purchase an instance of the slot-based game. The gaming machine may be further configured to provide the player with an instance of a secondary game based on an outcome of the primary game. For example, the gaming machine may provide the player with an instance of the secondary game when the outcome of the primary game is three-of-a-kind, e.g., three “bells.” The secondary game may be a different game title (e.g., an electronic game of roulette) or may be the same type of game as the primary game (e.g., a slot-based game) that may have different odds for winning and/or different payout amount.
For games of chance such as slot-based games, a player may have to play multiple instances of the primary game until the outcome of a primary game matches the conditions for triggering an instance of the secondary game. The player may truly desire to play the secondary game and may get frustrated and/or get bored playing the primary game, which may cause the player to leave the game-entertainment center prior to the player satisfying his/her desire to play the secondary game. Additionally, the player may run out of money and/or run out of time playing the primary game such that the players desire to play the secondary game is unfulfilled. In any case, unless the player has sufficient opportunity to satisfy his/her desire to play the secondary game, the player may quit playing the gaming machine or avoid playing the gaming machine in the future.
There is a need for systems, methods, and devices that address the problems with current gaming machines.
In one aspect, a method for enhancing gaming at a gaming machine configured to provide instances of gameplay of a primary game and selectively provide instances of gameplay of a secondary game includes: providing a secondary game buy-in option to a first respective instance of a secondary game that is triggerable based at least on at least one outcome of a primary game based at least on a determined current number of available credits; selectively providing the first respective instance of the secondary game based at least on player-input indicative of acceptance of the secondary game buy-in option; debiting a respective first number of credits from the current number of available credits based at least on the player-input indicative of acceptance of the secondary game buy-in option; selectively providing a respective instance of the primary game based at least on the current number of available credits; debiting a respective second number of credits from the current number of available credits based at least on the provisioning a player with the respective instance of the primary game; and from time-to-time, providing the secondary game buy-in option to a second respective instance of the secondary game based at least on respective outcomes of at least one instance of the primary game.
In one aspect, a method for enhancing gaming at a gaming machine configured to provide instances of gameplay of a primary game and selectively provide instances of gameplay of a secondary game includes: determining whether to provide a respective instance of a secondary game based at least on a respective first current amount of available secondary game credits. In response to determining to provide the first instance of the secondary game, the method further includes: enabling a secondary game buy-in option, collecting a respective first wager, and selectively providing the first instance of the secondary game. In response to determining not to provide the instance of the secondary game, the method further includes: collecting a respective second wager, providing a respective instance of the primary game, determining an outcome of the first instance of the primary game, and determining whether to provide a respective instance of the secondary game based at least on the outcome of the first instance of the primary game.
In one aspect, a gaming system to selectively provide an instance of a primary game or a secondary game includes a player interface configured to receive input from a player, a processor in communication with the player interface that executes instructions, and a memory in communication with the processor. The memory stores instructions that cause the processor to provide a secondary game buy-in option to a first respective instance of a secondary game that is triggerable based at least on at least one outcome of a primary game based at least on a determined current number of available credits; selectively provide the first respective instance of the secondary game based at least on player-input indicative of acceptance of the secondary game buy-in option; debit a respective first number of credits from the current number of available credits based at least on the player-input indicative of acceptance of the secondary game buy-in option; selectively provide a respective instance of the primary game based at least on the current number of available credits; debit a respective second number of credits from the current number of available credits based at least on the provisioning a player with the respective instance of the primary game; and from time-to-time, provide the secondary game buy-in option to a second respective instance of the secondary game based at least on respective outcomes of at least one instance of the primary game.
In one aspect, a gaming system to selectively provide an instance of a primary game or a secondary game includes a player interface configured to receive input from a player, a processor in communication with the player interface that executes instructions, and a memory in communication with the processor. The memory stores instructions that cause the processor to determine whether to provide a respective instance of a secondary game based at least on a respective first current amount of available secondary game credits. The memory stores further instructions that cause the processor to enable a secondary game buy-in option in response to determining to provide the first instance of the secondary game. The memory stores further instructions that cause the processor to collect a respective first wager in response to determining to provide the first instance of the secondary game. The memory stores further instructions that cause the processor to selectively provide the first instance of the secondary game in response to determining to provide the first instance of the secondary game. The memory stores further instructions that cause the processor to collect a respective second wager in response to determining not to provide the instance of the secondary game. The memory stores further instructions that cause the processor to provide a respective instance of the primary game in response to determining not to provide the instance of the secondary game. The memory stores further instructions that cause the processor to determine an outcome of the first instance of the primary game in response to determining not to provide the instance of the secondary game. The memory stores further instructions that cause the processor to determine whether to provide a respective instance of the secondary game based at least on the outcome of the first instance of the primary game in response to determining not to provide the instance of the secondary game.
In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. The sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of various elements and angles are not drawn to scale, and some of these elements are arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improve drawing legibility. Further, the particular shapes of the elements as drawn, are not intended to convey any information regarding the actual shape of the particular elements, and have been solely selected for ease of recognition in the drawings.
In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments. However, one skilled in the relevant art will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures associated with servers, networks, displays, computer type devices, ticket/currency validators, machine-readable symbols readers, and/or with game subsystems have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments.
Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive, sense that is as “including, but not limited to.”
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
The headings and Abstract of the Disclosure provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.
Any process descriptions or blocks in flowcharts described below may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or acts. In alternative embodiments, various logical functions, or acts may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, and/or manually, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art. Certain acts in the processes or process flow described in all of the logic flow diagrams referred to below must naturally precede others to function as described. However, the various embodiments are not limited to the order of the acts described if such order or sequence does not alter the functionality of one or more of the embodiments. That is, it is recognized that some acts may be performed before, after, or in parallel with other acts. Further, some embodiments may include additional acts and/or omit other acts.
The front end 102 includes gaming machines 106 and may include a ticket dispenser/redeemer 108. The ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 may be an automated device, kiosk, and/or a cashier's booth. A player (not shown) may purchase a ticket 110a by, among other ways, providing the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 with a unit 112a of a currency having a first monetary value or by providing a financial medium 114a such as, but not limited to, credit card, debit card, gift card, smart card, etc.
The front end 102 of the game-entertainment system 100 may include various games of chance and/or of skill that may be played for entertainment and/or for monetary wagers. Games of chance may include slot machines, roulette, etc. Games of skill may include poker, blackjack, arcade games, etc. In some embodiments, the front end 102 may provide players with the opportunity to place monetary wagers on, among other things, the outcome of a game using tickets, referenced individually as 110a, 110b, and 110c and collectively as 110, and units of a currency, referenced individually as 112a, 112b, 112c and collectively as 112. In some instances such wagers may use pretend money, which has no actual value outside of the game, casino, arcade or other establishment. Such may, for example, be used at charitable “casino night” type events.
In some embodiments, a nominal number of entertainment center credits (ECCs) may be associated with the ticket 110a. In some embodiments, the game-entertainment system 100 may employ a tiered entertainment center credit system such as fully redeemable entertainment center credits (fECCs) and partially-redeemable entertainment center credits (pECCs). A fully-redeemable entertainment center credit may be associated with a monetary value, and as such, the ticket 110a may be redeemable at the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108. The amount of money for which the ticket 110a may be redeemed may depend on the number of entertainment center credits associated with the ticket 110a and the monetary value of an entertainment center credit, whereas partially-redeemable entertainment center credits (pECCs) may only be redeemable for further entertainment center credit, goods or services offered by the game-entertainment system 100 or affiliated entities, etc. pECCs may be particularly useful where tickets are distributed as an incentive (e.g., comp).
In some embodiments, transactions at the game-entertainment system 100 may done using entertainment center credits (ECCs), which may, in some embodiments include pECCs and fECCs. For example, at a gaming machine 106, a player may purchase a number of ECCs by providing the gaming machine 106 with one or more units of currency 112b and/or a financial medium 114b. The gaming machine 106 may convert a monetary amount into a number of ECCs based at least on an exchange rate between a respective currency and ECCs. For example, a monetary amount of one U.S. dollar may equal one ECC. Based at least on a number of available ECCs, the gaming machine 106 may selectively provide the player with an instance of a primary game. As one example, if the number of available ECCs is greater than a primary game credit threshold (PGC_Thresh), then the gaming machine 106 may provide the player with an instance of a primary game. In some embodiments, the primary game credit threshold (PGC_Thresh) may correspond to an amount of a wager placed by the player. In some embodiments, the player may wager an amount of ECCs on an outcome of an instance of the primary game that is greater than the primary game credit threshold (PGC_Thresh). The number of available ECCs is decreased in accordance with the number of ECCs wagered on an instance of the primary game. Based at least on the outcome of an instance of the primary game, the player may receive additional ECCs.
In some embodiments, based at least on an outcome of the primary game, the gaming machine 106 may provide the player with an instance of a secondary game. As an example, an outcome of the primary game that triggers the instance of the secondary game may occur on average once every 150 primary games. In addition to providing an instance of a secondary game based on an outcome of the primary game, the gaming machine may provide an instance of the secondary game based at least on a number of available credits, ECCs, which may include fully or partially redeemable credits.
In some embodiments, based at least on multiple outcomes of the primary game, the gaming machine 106 may provide the player with an instance of a secondary game. As an example, based on outcomes of respective multiple instances of the primary game, a player may accrue a number of credits that may applied toward triggering an instance of the secondary game. In addition to accruing credits that may applied toward triggering an instance of the secondary game, the gaming machine may provide an instance of the secondary game based at least on a number of available credits, ECCs, which may include fully or partially redeemable credits and which may include credits accrued credits and/or purchased credits.
In some embodiments, the game-entertainment system 100 may provide additional tiered credit in conjunction with, or separate from, the entertainment center credits described above. The game-entertainment system 100 may provide primary game credits (PGCs) and secondary game credits (SGCs). Primary game credits may be redeemable at a gaming machine for purchasing an instance of a primary game provided by the gaming machine. Secondary game credits may be redeemable at a gaming machine for purchasing an instance of a secondary game provided by the gaming machine. The primary game credits (PGCs) and/or secondary game credits (SGCs) may be fully or partially redeemable. In some embodiments, partially redeemable (primary or secondary) game credits may be awarded to a player as comps and/or bonus points from playing a game. In some embodiments, fully redeemable (primary or secondary) game credits may be awarded to a player as comps and/or bonus points from playing a game and/or purchased by a player
In addition to being redeemable, an entertainment center credit may be used to purchase an instance, or instances, of gameplay at the gaming machines 106 and/or other services and goods offered at the game-entertainment system 100.
In addition to being redeemable, a primary game credit may be used to purchase an instance, or instances, of gameplay of a primary game offered at the gaming machines 106 and/or other services and goods offered at the game-entertainment system 100.
In addition to being redeemable, a secondary game credit may be used to purchase an instance, or instances, of gameplay of a secondary game offered at the gaming machines 106 and/or other services and goods offered at the game-entertainment system 100.
In the following description, credits of the game-entertainment system 100 are described as including ECCs (which may include fEECs and pEECs), PGCs (which may include fPGCs and pPGCs), and SGCs (which may include fSGCs and pSGCs), however, such description is non-limiting, and in some embodiments, the game-entertainment 100 may employ a single credit type, e.g., ECC, and in other embodiments, the game-entertainment 100 may employ additional credit types. Some or all the credit types of the game-entertainment system 100 may be converted into a monetary amount of a respective currency based at least on a respective exchange rate between the respective currency and the respective credit. Different types of credits may have different exchange rates. For example, one ECC may equal one U.S. dollar, one PGC may equal five U.S. dollars, and one SGC may equal ten U.S. dollars. Similarly, there may be various exchange rates between the types of credits. For example, five ECCs may equal one PGC, and ten ECCs may equal one SGC. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the various types of credits, e.g., ECCs, PGCs, and SGCs, may include fully redeemable credits and partially redeemable credits, which may have different exchange rates. For example, five fECCs may equal one fPGC, and ten fECCs may equal one fSGC, but seven and one-half pECCs may equal one pPGC, and fifteen pECCs may equal one pSGC.
For the purposes of this disclosure, a primary game is a game that the gaming machine 106 provides based only on a number of available credits (e.g., ECCs and/or PGCS) including credits which may be fully or partially redeemable.
For the purposes of this disclosure, a secondary game is a game that the gaming machine 106 provides based at least on at least one outcome of at least one primary game and is a game that the gaming machine 106 provides based at least on a number of available credits (e.g., ECCs and/or PGCs and/or SGCs) including credits which may be fully or partially redeemable. For example, the secondary game may be triggerable based on an outcome of an instance of the primary game and/or may be triggerable based on a number of available credits. As another example, the secondary game may be triggerable based on multiple outcomes of respective instances of the primary game, e.g., a player may accrue credits (e.g., ECCs and/or PGCs and/or SGCs, which also include credits that may be fully or partially redeemable) by playing the primary game, and when the player has a sufficient number of available credits (e.g., ECCs and/or PGCs and/or SGCs, which also include credits that may be fully or partially redeemable), the gaming machine 106 may provide an instance of the secondary game. Thus, primary games are not triggerable based on at least one outcome of a different game such as a secondary game, but secondary games are triggerable based on at least one outcome of a different game such as a primary game.
The first time a player uses the game-entertainment system 100, or any time thereafter, the player may purchase the ticket 110a from the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108. After the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 receives and/or verifies the unit 112a of a currency and/or the financial medium 114a, the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 may provide a purchase request to the back end 104. The purchase request may include a purchase amount that generally corresponds to the monetary value of the unit 112a of the currency, an amount to be charged to the financial medium 114a, an aggregate of an amount to be charged to the financial medium 114a and the monetary value of the unit 112a of the currency, and/or some other amount of money. The purchase request may further include time-stamps and an indication of an identity of the terminal, for example, a terminal identifier.
The gaming machines 106 may be of various types, such as wager gaming machines and non-wager gaming machines. Non-wager gaming machines include various arcade type games such as pinball, in which a player may attempt to accumulate a number of points which may, or may not, have actual monetary redeemable value. Wager gaming machines may include various games such as poker, blackjack, etc. The gaming machines 106 may include electronic-based devices where a player plays a virtual game. For example, in a game of virtual poker, virtual cards are dealt and displayed to a player, and the player may play against the gaming machine 106. Some of the game stations 106 may be a hybrid electro-mechanical game such as a gaming machine with electronic payment and accounting components and mechanical game components.
A player may commence a session of gameplay by purchasing an instance of gameplay from the gaming machine 106 using a ticket 110b and/or a unit 112b of the currency and/or a financial medium 114b. In some embodiments, the player may accrue credits (ECCs, PGCs, and SGCs) from an instance of gameplay. Some or all of the credits may be used to purchase another instance of gameplay during the session of gameplay or some or all of the credits may be saved for later redemption.
The gaming machines 106 provide instances of a primary game and selectively provide instances of a secondary game. A player may purchase an instance of a primary game using a ticket 110b and/or a unit 112b of the currency and/or a financial medium 114b. The respective gaming machines 106 may be configured provide an instance of a secondary game based at least on an outcome of a primary game and/or based at least on the respective outcomes of multiple primary games.
In some embodiments, a player may accrue SGCs based at least on playing instances of the primary game. In some embodiments, after the player has accrued a sufficient number of SGCs (e.g., a number greater than a secondary game credit threshold), the player may be offered the opportunity to play an instance of a secondary game.
The gaming machines 106 are configured to provide respective players with secondary game buy-in options. A secondary game buy-in option provides a player who does not have a sufficient number of SGCs to play an instance of a secondary game with an opportunity to purchase an amount of SGCs necessary to have the sufficient number of SGCs.
When the player has finished the session of gameplay, the gaming machine 106 may provide the player with a ticket 110c. The ticket 110c may be associated a number of credits, e.g., ECCs, PGCs, and SGCs. The number of credits associated with the ticket 110c may be depend at least on a number of credits initially associated with the ticket 110b (or the monetary value of the unit 112b of the currency or the amount of funds charged to or debited from financial medium 114b) and the total number of available credits saved during the session of gameplay.
In some embodiments, the gaming machine 106 may return the ticket 110b to the player when the player terminates a session of gameplay. Information associated with the ticket 110b may be updated based at least in part on the number of instances of gameplay purchased during the session of gameplay and/or the number of entertainment center credits received by the player during the session of gameplay.
In some embodiments, patrons of the game-entertainment system 100 may enroll in various membership programs. The patrons may receive a respective a medium such as a member identification medium (e.g., card with magnetic stripe, RFID chip, machine-readable medium, touch-memory), which may be associated with a specific player/patron. The gaming machine 106 may be configured to receive the respective member identification medium of members and read information such as a respective member indicator indicative of an identifier for a specific member. The gaming machine 106 may provide the back end 104 with information indicative of a read member indicator.
A respective one of the gaming machines 106 may be configured to provide players of the respective gaming machine with instances of a primary game and to selectively provide instances of a secondary game. In some embodiments, a player may present his or her member identification medium to the gaming machine 106. The gaming machine 106 may provide the back end 104 with information indicative of a member identifier for the player. The back end 104 may provide the gaming machine 106 with information related to amounts of various credit types, e.g., ECCs, PGCs, and SGCs, that may be associated with the player. Based at least on the amounts of the various credit types, the gaming machine 106 may selectively provide the player with an instance of a primary game and/or a secondary game offered by the gaming machine 106. During a session of gameplay, the player may accrue credits. The gaming machine 106 may provide the back end 104 with information indicative of accrued credits.
The back end 104 may include a system controller 116 which may be communicatively coupled to the gaming machines 106 and to the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 by communication links 118. The communication links 118 may be a network such as a wire, wireless, or combination thereof, network. The system controller 116 may include an authorizer subsystem 120 and an account/member manager subsystem 122 and may be embodied in a computing system, distributed computing system, servers, etc. The authorizer subsystem 120 is configured to respond to game session requests and to selectively grant or deny permission for a session of gameplay. The session request may include information indicative of a purchase amount and/or information indicative of unique ticket identification information, time-stamps and terminal identity.
The account/member manager subsystem 122 may include records 124, which include account records and membership records. Each one of the records 124 may include a unique identifier 126 and an amount of credit (and/or amounts of types of credits). If the respective record 124 is an account record, the unique identifier 126 may be associated with a ticket and the credit amount 128 may generally correspond to the purchase amount and/or a number of credits. The unique identifier 126 of a respective record 124 may associate the respective record 124 with one of the tickets 110a, 110b, 110c, and the credit amount 128 of the respective record 124 may be indicative of the number of credits associated with the same ticket 110a, 110b, 110c.
If the respective record 124 is a membership record, the unique identifier 126 may be associated with a specific player having a membership identification medium. The credit amount 128 may generally correspond to a number of credits associated with the specific player.
In some embodiments, when a player uses the ticket 110b to purchase an instance of gameplay at the gaming machine 106, the gaming machine 106 may provide the system controller 116 with information indicative of unique ticket identification information. Based at least in part on the information indicative of unique ticket identification information, the account/member manager 122 may determine with which one of the records 124 the ticket 110b is associated. The determination may also be based at least in part on the respective identifier 126 for the accounts records 124. Having determined the record 124 with which the ticket 110b may be associated, the account/member manager 122 may determine a number of entertainment center credits associated with the ticket 110b based at least in part on the credit amount 128 of the respective record 124. The system controller 116 may then provide the gaming machine 106 with information indicative of the number of entertainment center credits associated with the ticket 110b. The gaming machine 106 may determine whether to provide an instance of gameplay based at least in part on the information indicative of the number of entertainment center credits associated with the ticket 110b.
In some embodiments, the tickets 110 may be single-use only tickets. For example, a player may purchase the ticket 110a from the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108. A record 124 may be created and associated with the ticket 110b. The player may commence a session of gameplay at one of the gaming machines 106 by purchasing an instance of gameplay with the ticket 110b. During the session of gameplay, the gaming machine 106 audits entertainment center credits for the player, e.g., available entertainment center credits equals a number of entertainment center credits initially associated with the ticket 110a plus a number of available entertainment center credits accrued during the session of gameplay minus a number of entertainment center credits used to purchase instances of gameplay. At the end of the session of gameplay, the gaming machine 106 may provide the system controller 116 with information indicative of the number of available entertainment center credits and provide the player with a new ticket 110c. The new ticket 110c may be associated with a newly created record 124. The player may take the new ticket 110c to another gaming machine 106 to commence another session of gameplay or may redeem the ticket 110 at the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108.
In some embodiments, the tickets 110 may be multi-use tickets. For example, a player may commence a session of gameplay at one of the gaming machines 106 by purchasing an instance of gameplay with the ticket 110b. During the session of gameplay, the gaming machine 106 audits entertainment center credits for the player, e.g., available entertainment center credits equals a number of entertainment center credits initially associated with the ticket 110b plus a number of entertainment center credits accrued during the session of gameplay minus a number of entertainment center credits used to purchase instances of gameplay. At the end of the session of gameplay, the gaming machine 106 may provide the system controller 116 with information indicative of the number of available entertainment center credits and provide the player with the same ticket 110b. The system controller 116 may update account information based at least on the information indicative of the number of available entertainment center credits. The player may take the ticket 110b to another gaming machine 106 to commence another session of gameplay or may redeem the ticket 110 at the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108.
In some embodiments, the account/member manager subsystem 122 may create a record 124 when a player purchases the ticket 110a at the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108. The credit amount 128 of the record 124 may be based at least in part on the purchase amount of the ticket 110a. The account/member manager subsystem 122 may provide the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 with information indicative of a ticket identifier that may be associated with the newly created record 124. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the account/member manager subsystem 122 may receive from the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 information indicative of a ticket identifier or information indicative of ticket identification information that may be encoded by a ticket identifier, and the received information may be associated with the newly created record 124.
In some embodiments, the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 may generate ticket identification information and print a ticket identifier that encodes the ticket identification information on a surface of a ticket. In some embodiments, the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 may receive information indicative of ticket identification information and print a ticket identifier that encodes the ticket identification information on a surface of a ticket. In some embodiments, the ticket dispenser/redeemer 108 may provide the system controller 116 with information indicative of ticket identification information.
In some embodiments, the account/member manager subsystem 122 may create a record 124 when a player purchases an instance of gameplay at the gaming machine 106 with an item of value that is not a ticket 110. The credit amount 128 of the newly created record 124 may be based at least in part on the monetary value of the unit 112b of the currency and/or the amount of money to be charged to or debited from financial medium 114b. The account/member manager subsystem 120 may provide the gaming machine 106 with information indicative of a ticket identifier that is associated with the newly created record 124. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the account/member manager subsystem 120 may receive information indicative of a ticket identifier that is associated with the newly created record 124 from the gaming machine 106.
In some embodiments, the account/member manager subsystem 122 may create a record 124 after a player has ended a session of gameplay at the gaming machine 106. For example, the credit amount 128 of the newly created record 124 associated with ticket 110c may reflect a number of entertainment center credits based at least in part on the number of available entertainment center credits at the end of the session of gameplay by the player.
In some embodiments, the account/member manager subsystem 122 may update a record 124 after a player has ended a session of gameplay at the gaming machine 106. For example, the credit amount 128 of the record 124 associated with ticket 110b may be updated to reflect a change in a monetary value or a change in a number of entertainment center credits based at least in part on the number of available entertainment center credits at the end of the session of gameplay.
The display device 138 may take a variety of forms, for example cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, or flat panel displays such as liquid crystal (LCD) displays, liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) displays, plasma displays, digital light processing (DLP) displays, other projection type of displays, and touch sensitive displays.
The gaming machine 106 also includes an item of value (IOV) receiver 142 and a reader 144. The IOV receiver 142 may receive items that are purportedly of value. The IOV receiver 142 is configured to receive units 112b of a respective currency and tickets 110b. In some embodiments, the IOV receiver 142 may receive units 112b of a currency of various denominations and of various currencies, e.g., a Canadian ten-dollar bill and a U.S. ten-dollar bill.
The reader 144 may take a variety of forms including, but not limited to, one or more magnetic stripe readers operable to read information indicative of member identification information and/or account identification information encoded into one or more magnetic stripes. Alternatively, or additionally, the reader 110 may take the form of one or more optical machine-readable symbol readers operable to read information indicative of member identification information and/or account identification information encoded into one or more machine-readable symbols (e.g., barcode symbols, stacked code symbols, area or matrix code symbols, etc.). In addition, the reader 110 may take the form of one or more RFID readers or interrogators operable to read information indicative of member identification information and/or account identification information encoded into one or more RFID carriers (e.g., tags or cards).
In some embodiments, the reader 144 may receive financial media 114b such as credit cards, debit cards, gift cards, smart cards, etc. A user of the gaming machine 106 may use the IOV receiver 142 and/or the reader 144 along with ticket 110b and/or the unit 112a of the currency and/or financial medium 114b to commence a session of gameplay.
In some embodiments, the reader 144 may receive the member identification medium 132. The reader 110 may read the human readable indicia 134 and/or the machine readable medium 136.
Among other things, the gaming machine 106 may provide the back end 104 with an indication of the member identification information read from the machine-readable medium 136 of a player's member identification medium 132.
The gaming machine 106 includes a processor 146, a memory 148, network interface 150, and an IOV subsystem 152, which are communicatively coupled by one or more buses 154. The processor 146 may be a device for executing software, particularly that stored in the memory 148. The processor 146 may be a custom-made or commercially available processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a semiconductor-based microprocessor (in the form of a microchip or chip set), or generally any device for executing software instructions.
The memory 148 is communicatively coupled to the processor 146 via bus 154. The bus 154 can employ any known bus structures or architectures, including a memory bus with memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus.
The memory 148 includes read-only memory (“ROM”) 156 and random access memory (“RAM”) 158. A basic input/output system (“BIOS”) 160, which can form part of the ROM 154, contains basic routines that help transfer information between elements within the gaming machine 106, such as during start-up. The RAM 158 may include dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), static random-access memory (SRAM), synchronous dynamic random-access memory (SDRAM), flash RAM, etc.
The memory 148 may store one or more logic modules or logic routines, each of which may comprise an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. In particular, the memory 148 includes an operating system 162 and secondary game buy-in option logic 168. The execution of the operating system 162 by the processor 146 essentially controls the execution of other logic, such as secondary game buy-in option logic 168, and provides scheduling, input-output control, file and data management, memory management, and communication control and related services.
The secondary game buy-in option logic 168 may include various logic modules or logic routines, each of which may comprise an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. In particular, the secondary game buy-in option logic 168 may include logic for, among other things, gathering player data such as amounts of various types of credits (ECCs, PGCs, SGCs) associated with the player via a membership account and/or associated with a ticket presented by the player, determining a number of available credits for various types of credits, and selectively enabling and/or disabling a secondary game buy-in option.
In some embodiments, the secondary game buy-in option logic 168 or a portion of the secondary game buy-in option logic 168 may be implemented in firmware that is stored in a memory and that is executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in an alternative embodiment, the secondary game buy-in option logic 168 and/or various logic modules or logic routines of the gaming machine reconfiguration logic 162 may be implemented with any or a combination of the following technologies: a discrete logic circuit(s) having logic gates for implementing logic functions on data signals, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) having appropriate combinational logic gates, a programmable gate array(s) (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.
The memory 148 also includes primary game title logic 164 and secondary game title logic 166. The primary game title logic 164 and secondary game title logic 166 may respectively include various modules or routines or logic, each of which may comprise an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. In particular, the primary game title logic 164 and the secondary game title logic 166 may include logic for, among other things, providing instances of a primary game title and a secondary game title, respectively.
The network interface 150 may include network cards and/or wireless communication devices that provide a communication link 118 with the system controller 116.
The IOV subsystem 152 includes the IOV receiver 142 and a validator 170, and in some embodiments, the IOV subsystem 152 may include the reader 144. The IOV receiver 142 receives items that are purportedly items of value such as tickets 110 and units 112 of a respective currency. The IOV receiver 142 provides the validator 70 with the received items.
The validator 170 may be configured to validate purported items of value. The validator 170 may determine whether a purported item of value is a valid ticket and/or a valid unit of a currency. For example, the validator 170 may determine whether a purported item of value is a valid unit of a currency, such as, but not limited to, a United States (U.S.) dollar bill, a U.S. five-dollar bill, a U.S. ten-dollar bill, a U.S. twenty-dollar bill, etc. Such may include optically, magnetically, inductively, capacitively, or otherwise sensing various characteristics of the purported item of value and comparing the sensed characteristics to defined values representative of valid characteristics. In some embodiments, the validator 170 may be configured to validate units of currency for multiple currencies.
The validator 170 may be also configured to validate received tickets 110. Among other things, the validator 170 may read the ticket identifier 130 on a ticket 110. If the validator 170 determines that a purported item of value is valid, the validator 170 signals the processor 146. If the validator 148 cannot validate a purported item of value, the purported item of value may be rejected and may be ejected from the gaming machine 106.
The system controller 116 may take the form of a conventional mainframe or mini-computer that includes a processing unit 612, a system memory 614 and a system bus 616 that couples various system components including the system memory 614 to the processing unit 612. The system controller 116 will at times be referred to in the singular herein, but this is not intended to limit the embodiments to a single computing system since in typical embodiments there will be more than one computing system or other device involved. Non-limiting examples of commercially available systems include, but are not limited to, an 80x86 or Pentium series microprocessor from Intel Corporation, U.S.A., a PowerPC microprocessor from IBM, a Sparc microprocessor from Sun Microsystems, Inc., a PA-RISC series microprocessor from Hewlett-Packard Company, or a 68xxx series microprocessor from Motorola Corporation.
The processing unit 612 may be any logic processing unit, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc. Unless described otherwise, the construction and operation of the various blocks shown in
The system bus 616 can employ any known bus structures or architectures, including a memory bus with memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus. The system memory 614 includes read-only memory (“ROM”) 618 and random access memory (“RAM”) 620. A basic input/output system (“BIOS”) 622, which can form part of the ROM 618, contains basic routines that help transfer information between elements within the system controller 116, such as during start-up.
The system controller 116 also includes a hard disk drive 624 for reading from and writing to a hard disk 626, and an optical disk drive 628 and a magnetic disk drive 630 for reading from and writing to removable optical disks 632 and magnetic disks 634, respectively. The optical disk 632 can be a CD-ROM, while the magnetic disk 634 can be a magnetic floppy disk or diskette. The hard disk drive 624, optical disk drive 628 and magnetic disk drive 630 communicate with the processing unit 612 via the system bus 616. The hard disk drive 624, optical disk drive 628 and magnetic disk drive 630 may include interfaces or controllers (not shown) coupled between such drives and the system bus 616, as is known by those skilled in the relevant art. The drives 624, 628 and 630, and their associated computer-readable media 626, 632, 634, provide nonvolatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules and other data for the system controller 116. Although the depicted system controller 116 employs hard disk 624, optical disk 628 and magnetic disk 630, those skilled in the relevant art will appreciate that other types of computer-readable media that can store data accessible by a computer may be employed, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks (“DVD”), Bernoulli cartridges, RAMs, ROMs, smart cards, etc.
Program modules can be stored in the system memory 614, such as an operating system 636, one or more application programs 638, other programs or modules 640 and program data 642. The system memory 614 may also include communications programs, for example, player access logic 644. The player access logic 644 may allow a player to access a virtual game-entertainment environment via a communication network. For example, in some embodiments, a player may use a Web client such as a commercially available browser. Non-limiting examples of commercially available browsers include Mozilla Firefox developed by Mozilla Foundation based in Mountain View, Calif., USA, Safari developed by Apple Inc. based in Cupertino, Calif., USA., and Internet Explore by Microsoft Corp. based in Redmond, Wash., USA.
While shown in
An operator, such as casino personnel, can enter commands and information into the system controller 116 through input devices such as a touch screen or keyboard 646 and/or a pointing device such as a mouse 648. Other input devices can include a microphone, joystick, game pad, tablet, scanner, etc. These and other input devices are connected to the processing unit 612 through an interface 650 such as a serial port interface that couples to the system bus 616, although other interfaces such as a parallel port, a game port, a wireless interface, or a universal serial bus (“USB”) can be used. A monitor 652 or other display device is coupled to the system bus 616 via a video interface 654, such as a video adapter. The system controller 116 can include other output devices, such as speakers, printers, etc.
The system controller 116 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers and/or devices, for example, the server computing system 606. The server computing system 606 can be another personal computer, a server, another type of computer, or a collection of more than one computer communicatively linked together and typically includes many or all of the elements described above for the system controller 116. The server computing system 606 is logically connected to one or more of the game-entertainment system controllers 120 under any known method of permitting computers to communicate, for example, through one or more LANs 608 and/or WANs 610 such as the Internet. Such networking environments are well known in wired and wireless enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, extranets, and the Internet. Other embodiments include other types of communication networks including telecommunications networks, cellular networks, paging networks, and other mobile networks.
When used in a LAN networking environment, the system controller 116 is connected to the LAN 608 through an adapter or network interface 660 (communicatively linked to the system bus 616). When used in a WAN networking environment, the system controller 116 may include a modem 662 or other device, such as the network interface 660, for establishing communications over the WAN 610. The modem 662 is shown in
In a networked environment, program modules, application programs, data, or portions thereof, can be stored in the server computing system 606. In the depicted embodiment, the system controller 116 is communicatively linked to the server computing system 606 through the LANs 608 and/or WAN 610, for example with TCP/IP middle layer network protocols. However, other similar network protocol layers are used in other embodiments, such as User Datagram Protocol (“UDP”). Those skilled in the relevant art will readily recognize that the network connections shown in
The server computing system 606 includes server applications 664 for the routing of instructions, programs, data and agents between the gaming machine 106, player-activity sensor subsystem 118, and/or system controller 116. For example the server applications 664 may include conventional server applications such as WINDOWS NT 6.0 Server, and/or WINDOWS 2000 Server, available from Microsoft Corporation in Redmond, Wash. Additionally, or alternatively, the server applications 664 can include any of a number of commercially available Web servers, such as INTERNET INFORMATION SERVICE from Microsoft Corporation and/or IPLANET from Netscape/America On Line (AOL).
The server computing system 606 may also include secondary game buy-in option controller 666. Among other things, the secondary game buy-in option controller 666 may comprise an ordered listing of executable instructions for implementing logical functions. In particular, the secondary game buy-in option controller 666 may include logic for, among other things, enabling and/or disabling an option for a player of a respective gaming machine to select whether or not to play a secondary game. Among other things, the secondary game buy-in option controller 666 may include logic for determining an amount of available credits and/or available amounts of various types of credits. The secondary game buy-in option controller 666 may include logic for enabling and/or disabling an optional player buy-in for a secondary game based at least on available credit.
The gaming machine 106 and/or the user interface 140 may include one or more controllers and/or memories and may store and execute one or more applications for providing information to, and collecting information from, players of the gaming machine 106. For example, a player may accept or reject the opportunity to play a secondary game. The user interface 140 may provide the player with selectable icons on the display device 138 for accepting and/or rejecting an offer to buy-in to a secondary game.
At 702, a gaming machine is idle. The gaming machine may be idle when the gaming machine is not being played by a player. The gaming machine may also be idle before or after providing an instance of a game title provided by the gaming machine.
At 704, a determination is made as to whether a player of the gaming machine has enough available credits for a secondary game buy-in option. The determination may be made by the gaming machine. Alternatively, the determination may be made by a remote controller such as by the server computer system 606. In some embodiments, the gaming machine may employ a single credit type for primary and secondary games. In that case, the determination as to whether the player has enough credits may be based at least on a number of game credits (GCs). If the determination is negative, the method continues at 716. If the determination is affirmative, the process continues at 706.
However, in some embodiments, the gaming machine may employ different credit types for primary and secondary games. The determination as to whether the player has enough credits may be based at least on a number of secondary game credits (SGCs). The number of secondary game credits may include some secondary game credits that were awarded to the player and/or some secondary game credits that were purchased by the player. Some or all of the number secondary game credits may be fully redeemable secondary game credits (fSGCs). Some or all of the secondary game credits may be partially redeemable secondary game credits (pSGCs). Alternatively, the number of secondary game credits may be a combination of fully redeemable secondary game credits (fSGCs) and of partially redeemable secondary game credits (pSGCs).
In some embodiments, the determination may be based at least on a number of primary game credits (PGCs). The number of PGCs may include fully redeemable primary game credits (fPGCs) and/or partially redeemable primary game credits (pPGCs) and/or a combination of fPGCs and pPGCs.
In some embodiments, the determination may be based at least on a number of entertainment center credits (ECCs). The number of ECCs may include fully redeemable entertainment center credits (fECCs) and/or partially redeemable entertainment center credits (pECCs) and/or a combination of fECCs and pECCs.
In some embodiments, a determination may be based at least on a combination of a number of available secondary game credits (SGCs). The number of available SGCs may include fSGCs and/or pSGCs, and a number of entertainment center credits (ECCs), which may include fECCs and/or pECCs. A player's EECs may be converted into SGCs based on an exchange rate.
In some embodiments, a determination may be based at least on a combination of a number of available secondary game credits (SGCs), which may include fSGCs and/or pSGCs, a number of entertainment center credits (ECCs), which may include fECCs and/or pECCs, and a number of primary game credits (PGCs), which may include fPGCs and/or pPGCs. A player's EECs and PGCs may be converted into SGCs based on respective exchange rates In some embodiments, a determination may be based at least on a combination of a number of secondary game credits (SGCs), which may include fSGCs and/or pSGCs, and a number of primary game credits (PGCs), which may include fPGCs and/or pPGCs and which may be converted into SGCs based on an exchange rate.
At 706, a secondary game buy-in option is enabled. The gaming machine may provide notification to the player of the player's option to buy-in to a secondary game provided by the gaming machine. The notification may be visually provided on a display of the gaming machine, or audibly provided via speakers, and/or audiovisually. The notification may provide the player with information such as a number of game credits. The notification may include a game credit buy-in amount. The game credit buy-in amount may be indicative of a number of game credits necessary for exercising the secondary game buy-in option.
In some embodiments, the gaming machine may employ multiple types of credit. In that case, the notification may provide the player with information such as a number of secondary game credits and/or a number of entertainment credits and/or a number of primary game credits. The notification may include an entertainment credit center buy-in amount and/or a primary game credit buy-in amount. The entertainment center credit buy-in amount may be indicative of a number of entertainment center credits necessary for exercising the secondary game buy-in option. The primary game credit buy-in amount may be indicative of a number of primary game credits necessary for exercising the secondary game buy-in option.
At 708, a determination is made as to whether the player selected the secondary game buy-in option. The player may use the player interface of the gaming machine to make the selection. If the player rejected the secondary game buy-in option, the method continues at 718. However, if the player accepted the secondary game buy-in option, the method may continue at 710.
At 710, a determination is made as to whether the player confirms the selection of the secondary game buy-in option. If the player changes his/her mind and/or accidentally and/or unintentionally accepts the secondary game buy-in option, then the player cancels the previous selection, and the process reverts to 708. If the player confirms the selection of the secondary game buy-in option, the method continues at 712. In some embodiments, decision block 710 may be optional.
At 712, a buy-in amount of credits is collected. Credits associated with the player such as GCs, ECCs, PGCs, and/or SGCs may be debited to cover the buy-in amount of credits.
At 714, an instance of a secondary game title is provided to the player. After the player has completed playing the instance of the secondary game title, the process returns to 702.
Referring back to 704, if the determination was negative, the process continues at 716. At 716, the secondary game buy-in option is disabled. In some embodiments, block 716 may be optional. In some embodiments, a default state of the gaming machine may be that the secondary game buy-in option is disabled. The gaming machine may revert to the default state after the player confirms and/or cancels the selection of the secondary game buy-in option.
At 718, which may occur after the player rejects a secondary game buy-in option at 708 or after the secondary game buy-in option is disabled at 716, a wager by the player is collected. The wager may be a number of GCs. A number of game credits associated with the player may be debited to cover the wager.
In some embodiments, the gaming machine may employ multiple credit types. In that case, wager may be a number PGCs and/or a number of EECs and/or a combination of ECCs and PGCs. A number of credits associated with the player such as ECCs and/or PGCs may be debited to cover the wager.
At 720, an instance of a primary game title is provided.
At 722, a determination is made as to whether an outcome of the instance of the primary game triggers an instance of the secondary game. If the determination is affirmative, the process continues at 714. If the determination is negative, the process returns to 702.
At 802, a gaming machine is idle.
At 804, the gaming machine receives a member identification medium and validates the member identification medium. When the gaming machine receives a valid member identification medium, the gaming machine may read the member indicator indicative of an identifier for a specific member from the received member identification medium. The gaming machine may provide the system controller 116 with a unique identifier indicator that may be indicative of the member indicator. The system controller 116 may use the unique identifier indicator to determine a membership record 124 associated with the received member identification medium.
At 806, the gaming machine receives a ticket and validates the ticket. When the gaming machine receives a valid ticket, the gaming machine may have read the ticket identifier from the received member identification medium. The gaming machine may provide the system controller 116 with a unique identifier indicator that may be indicative of the ticket identifier. The system controller 116 may use the unique identifier indicator to determine a ticket record 124 associated with the received ticket.
At 808, amounts for various types of credits, e.g., ECCs, PGCs, and SGCs, may be determined. In some embodiments, the determination may be based at least on information received from the system controller 116. In some embodiments, the determination may be based at least on information read from one or both of a received membership identification medium and a ticket. In some embodiments, a respective membership identification medium may encode credit information indicative of amounts of various types of credits. In some embodiments, a respective ticket may encode credit information indicative of amounts of various types of credits.
In some embodiments, the gaming machine may employ a single game credit. In that case, the gaming machine determines an amount of GCs, which may be based at least on credit information encoded by a respective membership and/or credit information encoded by a respective ticket.
At 810, the gaming machine receives an item of value and validates the item of value. Among other things, the item of value may be a unit of a currency and/or a financial medium associated with a financial account.
At 812, the gaming machine determines a purchase amount. The purchase amount may be based at least on a determination of a denomination of a received unit of a currency. The purchase amount may be based at least on an indication of a monetary amount payable from a financial account associated with a received financial medium.
At 814, amounts of various types of credits, e.g., ECCs, PGCs, and SGCs, may be determined based at least on the determined purchase amount. In some embodiments, the player may select the various types of credits that the player desires to purchase. In some embodiments, the purchase amount may be applied to purchasing one type of credit such as, but not limited to, ECCs. However, in some embodiments, one type of credit, e.g., ECC, may be convertible into another credit type, e.g., SGC.
If the gaming machine employs a single credit type, a number of GCs is determined based at least on the purchase amount.
At 816, available amounts of types of credits may be calculated based at least on the determined numbers of types of credits. For example, a player's amount of available secondary game credits (ASGCs) may be based at least on a number of SGCs currently associated with the player and/or a number of SGCs awarded to the player and/or a number of SGCs purchased by the player. In addition, a player's amount of ASGCs may depend at least on a number of PGCs and/or ECCs. In some embodiments, a player's amount of ASGCs may depend at least on credits and/or a value carried by and/or associated with a membership identification medium. In some embodiments, a player's amount of ASGCs may depend at least on credits and/or a value carried by and/or associated with a ticket. In some embodiments, a player's amount of ASGCs may depend at least on a value carried by and/or associated with an item of value.
As another nonlimiting example, in some embodiments a player's amount of available primary game credits (APGCs) may be based at least on a number of PGCs currently associated with the player and/or a number of PGCs awarded to the player and/or a number of PGCs purchased by the player. In addition, a player's amount of APGCs may depend at least on a number of SGCs and/or ECCs. In some embodiments, a player's amount of APGCs may depend at least on credits and/or a value carried by and/or associated with a membership identification medium. In some embodiments, a player's amount of APGCs may depend at least on credits and/or a value carried by and/or associated with a ticket. In some embodiments, a player's amount of APGCs may depend at least on a value carried by and/or associated with an item of value.
Similarly, in some embodiments, a player's amount of available entertainment center credits (AECCs) may be based at least on a number of ECCs currently associated with the player and/or a number of ECCs awarded to the player and/or a number of PGCs purchased by the player. In addition, a player's amount of AECCs may depend at least on a number of PGCs and/or SGCs. In some embodiments, a player's amount of AECCs may depend at least on credits and/or a value carried by and/or associated with a membership identification medium. In some embodiments, a player's amount of AECCs may depend at least on credits and/or a value carried by and/or associated with a ticket. In some embodiments, a player's amount of AECCs may depend at least on a value carried by and/or associated with an item of value.
Similarly, in some embodiments if the gaming machine employs a single type of credit (GC), a player's amount of available game credits (AGCs) may be based at least on the amount of GCs determined at 808 or based at least on the amount of GCs determined at 814 and/or an aggregate of the amount of GCs determined at 808 and at 814.
At 818, a determination is made as to whether the player has a sufficient number of ASGCs, e.g., whether the player's number of ASGCs exceeds a secondary game credit threshold (SGC_Thresh).). If the determination is negative, the method continues at 820. On the other hand, if the determination is affirmative, the method continues at 836.
Similarly if the gaming machine employs a single type of credit (GC), the determination may be whether the player has a sufficient number of AGCs, e.g., whether the player's number of AGCs exceeds the secondary game credit threshold (SGC_Thresh
At 820, a determination is made as to whether the player has a sufficient number of APGCs, e.g., whether the player's number of APGCs exceeds a primary game credit threshold (PGC_Thresh). If the determination is negative, the method continues at 802. On the other hand, if the determination is affirmative, the method continues at 822.
Similarly if the gaming machine employs a single type of credit (GC), the determination may be whether the player has a sufficient number of AGCs, e.g., whether the player's number of AGCs exceeds the primary game credit threshold (SGC_Thresh).
At 822, amounts of credits for the player are updated. For example, at least a portion of the value of the PGC_Thresh may be subtracted from a number of PGCs of the player. If the player's number of PGCs is less than the value of the PGC_Thresh, then at least a portion of the PGC_Thresh may be subtracted from a number of ECCs and/or SGCs of the player. In some embodiments, a player may wager an amount of credits greater than the PGC_Thresh. In that case, the amounts of credits for the player are updated based on the wagered amount of credits.
Similarly, if the gaming machine employs a single credit, the number of GCs corresponding to the wager of the player, which may be greater than or equal to PGC_Thresh, is debited from the player's number of GCs.
At 824, an instance of the primary game is provided to the player.
At 826, amounts of types of credits are updated based at least on an outcome of the game most recently played. As a consequence of the played game, the player may receive and/or be awarded with a respective number of ECCs, PGCs, and/or SGCs. Based at least in part on the outcome of the most recently played game, the player's number of ECC's and/or PGCs and/or SGCs may be updated.
Similarly, if the gaming machine employs a single credit, player's number of GCs may be updated based at least in part on the outcome of the most recently played primary game.
At 828, a determination is made as to whether the outcome of the most recently played game triggers an opportunity for the player to play an instance of the secondary game. If the determination is negative, the method continues at 830, otherwise the method continues at 834.
At 830, a determination is made as to whether to end the player's session. The determination may be based at least in part on input provided by the player and/or a lack of input from the player. If the determination is affirmative, the method ends at 832. On the other hand, if the determination is negative, the method continues at 816.
At 834, a player's number of SGCs may be updated based at least on the outcome of the most recently played instance of the secondary game. The update may be based at least in part on the secondary game credit threshold. In some embodiments, the outcome of the most recently played game may trigger a “free” instance of the secondary game, and in that case, block 834 may not be necessary. In some embodiments, the outcome of the most recently played game may trigger a “discount” instance of the secondary game, and in that case, the update may be based at least in part on the secondary game credit threshold and/or the discount.
Similarly, if the gaming machine employs a single type of credit (GC), a player's number of GSs may be updated based at least on the outcome of the most recently played instance of the secondary game.
Referring back to decision block 818, when the decision is affirmative, the method continues at 836. At 836, secondary game buy-in option is enabled. The player may be provided with notice of an option to purchase an instance of the secondary game. Among others, the notice of the option may be provided by visual indicators shown on a display of the gaming machine and/or audibly.
At 838, a determination is made as to whether the player has accepted the second game buy-in option based at least on player input. If the determination is negative, the method continues at 822. Otherwise, the method may continue at decision block 840.
At 840, which may be optional in some embodiments, the player provides input that confirms the player has accepted the secondary game buy-in option. If the player changes their mind, or accidentally/inadvertently accepted the second game buy-in option and the player provides an input indicative of a failure to confirm the acceptance of the second game buy-in option, the method returns to 838. Otherwise, if the player confirms the acceptance of the second game buy-in option, the method continues at 842.
At 842, amounts of credits for the player are updated. For example, the at least a portion of the value of the SGC_Thresh may be subtracted from a number of SGCs of the player. If the player's number of SGCs is less than the value of the SGC_Thresh, then at least a portion of the SGC_Thresh may be subtracted from a number of ECCs and/or PGCs of the player.
Similarly, if the gaming machine employs a single credit type, at least a portion of the value of the SGC_Thresh may be subtracted from a number of GCs of the player.
At 844, an instance of the secondary game is provided to the player. After the secondary game has been played, the method continues at 826.
As an example, a slot-based game is configured to have a payback percentage of 90%. The secondary bonus game associated with the base game pays from 50 credits up to 500 credits with an average pay of 126 credits. In one embodiment, a player may apply 140 credits for the opportunity to play the secondary game without being required to play the primary game. The result will be the player experiencing the secondary bonus game for 140 credits with a chance of winning up to 500 credits. It is also possible that the player will only win the minimum 50 credits, but on average the player will win 126 credits, maintaining the 90% payback percentage of the game. The buy-in amount required from the player is calculated by dividing the average pay by the game's overall payback percentage, or, in this example, 126/0.9=140. This allows the gaming machine to maintain its theoretical payback percentage. The formula for one embodiment is:
W=A/p
where:
W=the wager amount required from the casino patron,
A=the average win amount of the secondary bonus game, and
p=the overall payback percentage of the game.
Alternative embodiments may use a formula based on hit frequency, games played, player tracking status, player tracking points, or other statistics or combinations thereof. As an example, an alternate embodiment may calculate the secondary game buy-in as the frequency of the secondary game multiplied by a minimum wager amount, multiplied by the payback percentage. For example, a slot-based game is configured for a 90% payback, where the secondary game is initiated every 170 games on average, with a minimum wager of 1 credit. In this example, the player buy-in to the secondary game is 153 credits, or 170×1×0.9=153. The formula for this alternative embodiment is:
W=F×B×p
where:
W=the wager amount required from the casino patron,
F=the frequency of initiating the secondary bonus,
B=the minimum bet, and
p=the overall payback percentage of the game.
Another alternate embodiment may allow the player to use player tracking points for the secondary game buy-in in conjunction with one of the embodiments above.
In yet another embodiment, the secondary game buy-in option may be configured to allow the player to buy-in to the secondary game for an amount that would be more than or less than the game's overall payback percentage.
Group Play:
In one embodiment, a player may buy-in to a group play secondary game. Once the group play has been initiated and enough credits are available on the credit meter to cover the buy-in amount, the player may be allowed to join the group play in the same method as one of the previously detailed embodiments.
At 902, a determination as to whether to provide an instance of a secondary game is made. The determination may be based at least in part on a current amount of available game credits (AGCs). If the determination is affirmative, the method continues at 904. Otherwise, the method continues at 910.
In some embodiments if the gaming machine employs tiered credits such as primary game credits, secondary game credits, and/or entertainment center credits, the determination may be based at least in part on a current amount of ASGCs. The number of ASGCs may be less than an actual number of secondary game credits (SGCs) for a player of the gaming machine. The amount of ASGCs may be based at least in part on the player's actual amount of ECCs and/or PGCs.
At 904, a secondary game buy-in option is enabled.
At 906, a secondary game wager is collected. The secondary game wager may be some or all of an amount of GCs. In some embodiments, the secondary game wager may correspond to a secondary game credit threshold, e.g., a minimum number of game credits needed to access an instance of the secondary game via the secondary game buy-in option.
In some embodiments if the gaming machine employs tiered credits such as primary game credits, secondary game credits, and/or entertainment center credits, the secondary game wager may be some or all of an amount of SGCs and/or an amount of PGCs and/or an amount of ECCs. In some embodiments, the secondary game wager may correspond to a secondary game credit threshold, e.g., a minimum number of secondary game credits needed to access an instance of the secondary game via the secondary game buy-in option.
At 908, an instance of the secondary game is selectively provided. In some embodiments, the instance of the secondary game is only provided if player input is indicative of acceptance of the secondary game buy-in option.
Referring back to 902, if the determination was negative, the method continues at 910, where a primary game wager is collected.
The primary game wager may be some or all of an amount of a player's GCs. In some embodiments, the primary game wager may correspond to a primary game credit threshold, e.g., a minimum number of game credits needed to access an instance of the primary game.
In some embodiments if the gaming machine employs tiered credits such as primary game credits, secondary game credits, and/or entertainment center credits, the primary game wager may be some or all of an amount of PGCs and/or an amount of SGCs and/or an amount of ECCs.
At 912, an instance of the primary game is provided.
At 914, an outcome of the instance of the primary game is determined. The determination of the outcome may include determining whether the outcome is a trigger for an instance of the secondary game. The determination of the outcome may include determining a number of GCs to be awarded to the player.
In some embodiments if the gaming machine employs tiered credits such as primary game credits, secondary game credits, and/or entertainment center credits, the determination may include determining a number of various credit types (ECCs, PGCs, SGCs) that may have been awarded to the player and/or determining whether the outcome triggers an instance of the secondary game, among other things.
At 916, a determination as to whether to provide an instance of the secondary game is made. The determination may be based at least in part on the determined outcome of the primary game. If the determination is to provide an instance of the secondary game, the method returns to 904. Otherwise, the method continues at 918, where the gaming machine is idle.
The above description of illustrated embodiments, including what is described in the Abstract, is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the precise forms disclosed. Although specific embodiments of and examples are described herein for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, as will be recognized by those skilled in the relevant art. The teachings provided herein of the various embodiments can be applied to ticket payment systems, not necessarily the exemplary game-entertainment system generally described above.
For instance, the foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, schematics, and examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, schematics, and examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, the present subject matter may be implemented via Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). However, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in standard integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more controllers (e.g., microcontrollers) as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of ordinary skill in the art in light of this disclosure.
In addition, in one embodiment, the IOV subsystem may be communicatively coupled to a remote server/computer system, and the remote server/computer system may generate a pseudo ticket code when an item of value is not a ticket. The remote server/computer system may provide the pseudo ticket code to the IOV subsystem which may then provide the pseudo ticket code to the game session subsystem.
In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms taught herein are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment applies equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of signal bearing media include, but are not limited to, the following: recordable type media such as floppy disks, hard disk drives, CD ROMs, digital tape, and computer memory; and transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links using TDM or IP based communication links (e.g., packet links).
The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. To the extent that they are not inconsistent with the specific teachings and definitions herein, all of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary, to employ systems, circuits and concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments.
These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3966047 | Steiner | Jun 1976 | A |
| 4244582 | Raees et al. | Jan 1981 | A |
| 4283708 | Lee | Aug 1981 | A |
| 4339798 | Hedges et al. | Jul 1982 | A |
| 4373726 | Churchill et al. | Feb 1983 | A |
| 4448419 | Telnaes | May 1984 | A |
| 4470496 | Steiner | Sep 1984 | A |
| 4475564 | Koester et al. | Oct 1984 | A |
| 4482058 | Steiner | Nov 1984 | A |
| 4503963 | Steiner | Mar 1985 | A |
| 4518001 | Branham | May 1985 | A |
| 4574824 | Paulsen et al. | Mar 1986 | A |
| 4588292 | Collins | May 1986 | A |
| 4592377 | Paulsen et al. | Jun 1986 | A |
| 4650057 | Koester | Mar 1987 | A |
| 4721307 | Okada | Jan 1988 | A |
| 4725079 | Koza et al. | Feb 1988 | A |
| 4802218 | Wright et al. | Jan 1989 | A |
| 4832341 | Muller et al. | May 1989 | A |
| 4837728 | Barrie et al. | Jun 1989 | A |
| 4861041 | Jones et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4885700 | Kondziolka et al. | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4926996 | Eglise et al. | May 1990 | A |
| 4948138 | Pease et al. | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4973851 | Lee | Nov 1990 | A |
| 4978322 | Paulsen | Dec 1990 | A |
| 4995615 | Cheng | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5083800 | Lockton | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5100137 | Fulton | Mar 1992 | A |
| 5167411 | Isobe | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5167413 | Fulton | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5167571 | Waller | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5179517 | Sarbin et al. | Jan 1993 | A |
| 5199710 | Lamle | Apr 1993 | A |
| 5242041 | Isobe | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5242163 | Fulton | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5248142 | Breeding | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5251897 | Fulton | Oct 1993 | A |
| 5258837 | Gormley | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5265874 | Dickinson et al. | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5275400 | Weingardt et al. | Jan 1994 | A |
| 5321241 | Craine | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5324035 | Morris et al. | Jun 1994 | A |
| 5326104 | Pease et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5332219 | Marnell, II et al. | Jul 1994 | A |
| 5344144 | Canon | Sep 1994 | A |
| 5364104 | Jones et al. | Nov 1994 | A |
| 5381019 | Sato | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5386103 | DeBan et al. | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5393067 | Paulsen et al. | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5397125 | Adams | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5398932 | Eberhardt et al. | Mar 1995 | A |
| 5411257 | Fulton | May 1995 | A |
| 5417430 | Breeding | May 1995 | A |
| 5420406 | Izawa et al. | May 1995 | A |
| 5431408 | Adams | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5435778 | Castle et al. | Jul 1995 | A |
| 5437451 | Fulton | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5472194 | Breeding et al. | Dec 1995 | A |
| 5487544 | Clapper, Jr. | Jan 1996 | A |
| 5493613 | Denno et al. | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5494144 | Izawa | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5505449 | Eberhardt et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5505461 | Bell et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5507489 | Reibel et al. | Apr 1996 | A |
| 5531640 | Inoue | Jul 1996 | A |
| 5544892 | Breeding | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5544893 | Jones et al. | Aug 1996 | A |
| 5562284 | Stevens | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5570885 | Ornstein | Nov 1996 | A |
| 5580311 | Haste, III | Dec 1996 | A |
| 5605334 | McCrea, Jr. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5605504 | Huang | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5605506 | Hoorn et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5613680 | Groves et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5613912 | Slater | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5615280 | Izawa et al. | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5636842 | Cabot et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5636843 | Roberts | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5643086 | Alcorn et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5645486 | Nagao et al. | Jul 1997 | A |
| 5653635 | Breeding | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5655961 | Acres et al. | Aug 1997 | A |
| 5676231 | Legras et al. | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5685774 | Webb | Nov 1997 | A |
| 5707287 | McCrea, Jr. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5711525 | Breeding | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5735525 | McCrea, Jr. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5737418 | Saffari et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5741183 | Acres et al. | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5745110 | Ertemalp | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5759102 | Pease et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5766076 | Pease et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5769458 | Carides et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5770533 | Franchi | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5779545 | Berg et al. | Jul 1998 | A |
| 5788574 | Ornstein et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5794964 | Jones et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5795225 | Jones et al. | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5800268 | Molnick | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5803809 | Yoseloff | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5813912 | Shultz | Sep 1998 | A |
| 5816918 | Kelly et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5823534 | Banyai | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5823879 | Goldberg et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5830067 | Graves et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5830068 | Brenner et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5836435 | Fujita et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5836586 | Marks et al. | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5839730 | Pike | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5842921 | Mindes et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5850447 | Peyret | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5851011 | Lott | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5851148 | Brune et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5851149 | Xidos et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5855515 | Pease et al. | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5867586 | Liang | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5885158 | Torango et al. | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5890963 | Yen | Apr 1999 | A |
| 5902983 | Crevelt et al. | May 1999 | A |
| 5910044 | Luciano, Jr. et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5911418 | Adams | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5911419 | Delaney et al. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5911626 | McCrea, Jr. | Jun 1999 | A |
| 5919091 | Bell et al. | Jul 1999 | A |
| 5931731 | Chwalisz | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5934999 | Valdez | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5941771 | Haste, III | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5957776 | Hoehne | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5971851 | Pascal et al. | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5999808 | LaDue | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6001016 | Walker et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6003651 | Waller et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6004205 | Lauretta et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
| 6019210 | Matsunaga et al. | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6019374 | Breeding | Feb 2000 | A |
| 6032955 | Luciano et al. | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6042150 | Daley | Mar 2000 | A |
| 6045130 | Jones et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6048269 | Burns et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6056641 | Webb | May 2000 | A |
| 6059289 | Vancura | May 2000 | A |
| 6062981 | Luciano, Jr. | May 2000 | A |
| 6066439 | Nohr et al. | May 2000 | A |
| 6068553 | Parker | May 2000 | A |
| 6070878 | Jones et al. | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6077161 | Wisler | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6080063 | Khosla | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6083105 | Ronin et al. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6089978 | Adams | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6089980 | Gauselmann | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6093103 | McCrea, Jr. | Jul 2000 | A |
| 6098837 | Izawa et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6099407 | Parker, Jr. et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6102799 | Stupak | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6104815 | Alcorn et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6105747 | Uemizo et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6106396 | Alcorn et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6110041 | Walker et al. | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6110043 | Olsen | Aug 2000 | A |
| 6117012 | McCrea, Jr. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6120377 | McGinnis, Sr. et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6120588 | Jacobson | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6123333 | McGinnis, Sr. et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6125195 | Ohya et al. | Sep 2000 | A |
| 6126542 | Fier | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6135887 | Pease et al. | Oct 2000 | A |
| 6146273 | Olsen | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6149522 | Alcorn et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6152822 | Herbert | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6152824 | Rothschild et al. | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6165069 | Sines et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6166763 | Rhodes et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6168513 | Souza et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6168523 | Piechowiak et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6179110 | Ohkawa et al. | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6179711 | Yoseloff | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6183366 | Goldberg et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6186892 | Frank et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6186894 | Mayeroff | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6186895 | Oliver | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6190256 | Walker et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6203430 | Walker et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6210275 | Olsen | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6210277 | Stefan | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6213877 | Walker et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6217447 | Lofink et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6219836 | Wells et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6220954 | Nguyen et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6224483 | Mayeroff | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6224484 | Okuda et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6227969 | Yoseloff | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6227972 | Walker et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6234898 | Belamant et al. | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6244958 | Acres | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6251014 | Stockdale et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6254484 | McCrea, Jr. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6264109 | Chapet et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6264561 | Saffari et al. | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6273424 | Breeding | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6275586 | Kelly | Aug 2001 | B1 |
| 6283856 | Mothwurf | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6287202 | Pascal et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6290603 | Luciano, Jr. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6293864 | Romero | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6302793 | Fertitta, III et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6309300 | Glavich | Oct 2001 | B1 |
| 6312332 | Walker et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6312334 | Yoseloff | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6315664 | Baerlocher et al. | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6322078 | Adams | Nov 2001 | B1 |
| 6328649 | Randall et al. | Dec 2001 | B1 |
| 6334614 | Breeding | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6334814 | Adams | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6336863 | Baerlocher et al. | Jan 2002 | B1 |
| 6346043 | Colin et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6346044 | McCrea, Jr. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6347738 | Crevelt et al. | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6350193 | Paulsen | Feb 2002 | B1 |
| 6352261 | Brown | Mar 2002 | B1 |
| 6364767 | Brossard et al. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6371482 | Hall, Jr. | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6375187 | Baerlocher | Apr 2002 | B1 |
| 6383076 | Tiedeken | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6394900 | McGlone et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6394902 | Glavich et al. | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6394907 | Rowe | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6400272 | Holtzman et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6406023 | Rowe | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6406369 | Baerlocher et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6409602 | Wiltshire et al. | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6413161 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6413162 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6416408 | Tracy et al. | Jul 2002 | B2 |
| 6419583 | Crumby et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6425824 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2002 | B1 |
| 6439995 | Hughs-Baird et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6439996 | LeMay et al. | Aug 2002 | B2 |
| 6443452 | Brune | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6443839 | Stockdale et al. | Sep 2002 | B2 |
| 6454266 | Breeding et al. | Sep 2002 | B1 |
| 6460848 | Soltys et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6461241 | Webb et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6464582 | Baerlocher et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6464584 | Oliver | Oct 2002 | B2 |
| 6468156 | Hughs-Baird et al. | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6471208 | Yoseloff et al. | Oct 2002 | B2 |
| 6471591 | Crumby | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6488581 | Stockdale | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6488585 | Wells et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6494454 | Adams | Dec 2002 | B2 |
| 6494785 | Gerrard et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6497408 | Walker et al. | Dec 2002 | B1 |
| 6503147 | Stockdale et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6505772 | Mollett et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6506118 | Baerlocher et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6508709 | Karmarkar | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6508710 | Paravia et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6511375 | Kaminkow | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6514141 | Kaminkow et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
| 6517435 | Soltys et al. | Feb 2003 | B2 |
| 6517436 | Soltys et al. | Feb 2003 | B2 |
| 6520857 | Soltys et al. | Feb 2003 | B2 |
| 6527271 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6527638 | Walker et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6530836 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6530837 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6533276 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6533662 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2003 | B2 |
| 6547131 | Foodman et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6561900 | Baerlocher et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6565433 | Baerlocher et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6565436 | Baerlocher | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6569015 | Baerlocher et al. | May 2003 | B1 |
| 6572472 | Glavich | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6572473 | Baerlocher | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6575829 | Coleman et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6575833 | Stockdale | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6575834 | Lindo | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6578847 | Hedrick et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6579179 | Poole et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6579180 | Soltys et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6579181 | Soltys et al. | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6581747 | Charlier et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6582306 | Kaminkow | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6582307 | Webb | Jun 2003 | B2 |
| 6585588 | Hartl | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6585591 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6585592 | Crumby | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6585598 | Nguyen et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6592458 | Ho | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6595854 | Hughs-Baird et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6595857 | Soltys et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6599185 | Kaminkow et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6599192 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6599193 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6602135 | Gerrard | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6602136 | Baerlocher et al. | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6602137 | Kaminkow et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6605000 | Adams | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6607438 | Baerlocher et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6607441 | Acres | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6609974 | Mead et al. | Aug 2003 | B2 |
| 6609978 | Paulsen | Aug 2003 | B1 |
| 6612928 | Bradford et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6620046 | Rowe | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6620047 | Alcorn et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6629184 | Berg et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
| 6629591 | Griswold et al. | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6632139 | Baerlocher | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6634943 | Baerlocher | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6634945 | Glavich et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6638161 | Soltys et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6638164 | Randall et al. | Oct 2003 | B2 |
| 6638170 | Crumby | Oct 2003 | B1 |
| 6641484 | Oles et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6645073 | Lemay et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6645077 | Rowe | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6648753 | Tracy et al. | Nov 2003 | B1 |
| 6648754 | Baerlocher et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6651985 | Sines et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6652378 | Cannon et al. | Nov 2003 | B2 |
| 6656048 | Olsen | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6659461 | Yoseloff et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6659864 | McGahn et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6663488 | Adams | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6663489 | Baerlocher | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6663490 | Soltys et al. | Dec 2003 | B2 |
| 6669559 | Baerlocher et al. | Dec 2003 | B1 |
| 6675152 | Prasad et al. | Jan 2004 | B1 |
| 6676522 | Rowe et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6682423 | Brosnan et al. | Jan 2004 | B2 |
| 6685564 | Oliver | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6685567 | Cockerille et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6688975 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6688977 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
| 6688979 | Soltys et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6692354 | Tracy et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6692355 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6699128 | Beadell et al. | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6702291 | Grebler et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6709324 | Beadell | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6712695 | Mothwurf et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6712696 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2004 | B2 |
| 6718361 | Basani et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6719632 | Palmer et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6722974 | Sines et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6722981 | Kaminkow et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6722982 | Kaminkow et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6722983 | Kaminkow et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6726563 | Baerlocher et al. | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6726565 | Hughs-Baird | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6728740 | Kelly et al. | Apr 2004 | B2 |
| 6733386 | Cuddy et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6733389 | Webb et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6736250 | Mattice | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6739975 | Nguyen et al. | May 2004 | B2 |
| 6743102 | Fiechter et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6745330 | Maillot | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6746330 | Cannon | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6749504 | Hughs-Baird | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6749515 | Hedrick et al. | Jun 2004 | B2 |
| 6752312 | Chamberlain et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6755741 | Rafaeli | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6758747 | Baerlocher | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6758750 | Baerlocher et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6758751 | Soltys et al. | Jul 2004 | B2 |
| 6769983 | Slomiany | Aug 2004 | B2 |
| 6789801 | Snow | Sep 2004 | B2 |
| 6800029 | Rowe et al. | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6808173 | Snow | Oct 2004 | B2 |
| 6811488 | Paravia et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6817948 | Pascal et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6823419 | Berg et al. | Nov 2004 | B2 |
| 6837789 | Garahi et al. | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6846238 | Wells | Jan 2005 | B2 |
| 6848994 | Knust et al. | Feb 2005 | B1 |
| 6866581 | Martinek et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6866586 | Oberberger et al. | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6874681 | Izawa et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6874786 | Bruno et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6884173 | Gauselmann | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6884174 | Lundy et al. | Apr 2005 | B2 |
| 6896618 | Benoy et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6899627 | Lam et al. | May 2005 | B2 |
| 6905411 | Nguyen et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6908387 | Hedrick et al. | Jun 2005 | B2 |
| 6923446 | Snow | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 6938900 | Snow | Sep 2005 | B2 |
| 6955599 | Bourbour et al. | Oct 2005 | B2 |
| 6960134 | Hartl et al. | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6962530 | Jackson | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 6971956 | Rowe et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6972682 | Lareau et al. | Dec 2005 | B2 |
| 6986514 | Snow | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6991540 | Marlow | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6991544 | Soltys et al. | Jan 2006 | B2 |
| 6993587 | Basani et al. | Jan 2006 | B1 |
| 6997803 | LeMay et al. | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7000921 | Schultz | Feb 2006 | B2 |
| 7025674 | Adams et al. | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7035626 | Luciano, Jr. | Apr 2006 | B1 |
| 7037195 | Schneider et al. | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7050056 | Meyringer | May 2006 | B2 |
| 7062470 | Prasad et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7063617 | Brosnan et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7077332 | Verschuur et al. | Jul 2006 | B2 |
| 7086947 | Walker et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7099035 | Brooks et al. | Aug 2006 | B2 |
| 7112138 | Hedrick et al. | Sep 2006 | B2 |
| 7114718 | Grauzer et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7116782 | Jackson et al. | Oct 2006 | B2 |
| 7147558 | Giobbi | Dec 2006 | B2 |
| 7168089 | Nguyen et al. | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7179170 | Martinek et al. | Feb 2007 | B2 |
| 7186181 | Rowe | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7197765 | Chan et al. | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7198571 | LeMay et al. | Apr 2007 | B2 |
| RE39644 | Alcorn et al. | May 2007 | E |
| 7291068 | Bryant et al. | Nov 2007 | B2 |
| 7303475 | Britt et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7309065 | Yoseloff et al. | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7311605 | Moser | Dec 2007 | B2 |
| 7329185 | Conover et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7330822 | Robson et al. | Feb 2008 | B1 |
| 7331520 | Silva et al. | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7331579 | Snow | Feb 2008 | B2 |
| 7346682 | Basani et al. | Mar 2008 | B2 |
| 7349920 | Feinberg et al. | Mar 2008 | B1 |
| 7351147 | Stockdale et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7356770 | Jackson | Apr 2008 | B1 |
| 7363342 | Wang et al. | Apr 2008 | B1 |
| 7364510 | Walker et al. | Apr 2008 | B2 |
| 7370282 | Cary | May 2008 | B2 |
| 7384339 | LeMay et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7390256 | Soltys et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7398327 | Lee | Jul 2008 | B2 |
| 7410422 | Fine | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7419428 | Rowe | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7427233 | Walker et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7427234 | Soltys et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7427236 | Kaminkow et al. | Sep 2008 | B2 |
| 7434805 | Grauzer et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7435179 | Ford | Oct 2008 | B1 |
| 7438643 | Brosnan et al. | Oct 2008 | B2 |
| 7448626 | Fleckenstein | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7455591 | Nguyen | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7460863 | Steelberg et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7465231 | Lewin et al. | Dec 2008 | B2 |
| 7473178 | Boyd et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7483394 | Chang et al. | Jan 2009 | B2 |
| 7494413 | Singer et al. | Feb 2009 | B2 |
| 7500915 | Wolf et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7510186 | Fleckenstein | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7510194 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7510474 | Carter, Sr. | Mar 2009 | B2 |
| 7515718 | Nguyen et al. | Apr 2009 | B2 |
| 7534169 | Amaitis et al. | May 2009 | B2 |
| 7549576 | Alderucci et al. | Jun 2009 | B2 |
| 7559080 | Bhargavan et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7566274 | Johnson et al. | Jul 2009 | B2 |
| 7575234 | Soltys et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7577847 | Nguyen et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7578739 | Gauselmann | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7581256 | Cockerille et al. | Aug 2009 | B2 |
| 7585217 | Lutnick et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7607976 | Baerlocher et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7607977 | Baerlocher et al. | Oct 2009 | B2 |
| 7611407 | Itkis et al. | Nov 2009 | B1 |
| 7611409 | Muir et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7617151 | Rowe | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7618317 | Jackson | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7621809 | Baerlocher et al. | Nov 2009 | B2 |
| 7629886 | Steeves | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7634550 | Wolber et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7637810 | Amaitis et al. | Dec 2009 | B2 |
| 7644861 | Alderucci et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7648414 | McNutt et al. | Jan 2010 | B2 |
| 7666081 | Baerlocher et al. | Feb 2010 | B2 |
| 7682249 | Winans et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7684874 | Schlottmann et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7685593 | Solomon et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7686688 | Friedman et al. | Mar 2010 | B2 |
| 7690995 | Frankulin et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7699697 | Darrah et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7699703 | Muir et al. | Apr 2010 | B2 |
| 7702719 | Betz et al. | Apr 2010 | B1 |
| 7722453 | Lark et al. | May 2010 | B2 |
| 7730198 | Ruppert et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7744462 | Grav et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7747741 | Basani et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
| 7753790 | Nguyen et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7769877 | McBride et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7778635 | Crookham et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7780525 | Walker et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7780526 | Nguyen et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7780529 | Rowe et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7783881 | Morrow et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7785204 | Wells et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7824267 | Cannon et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7828649 | Cuddy et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7841946 | Walker et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7846020 | Walker et al. | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7850528 | Wells | Dec 2010 | B2 |
| 7862425 | Cavagna | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7867081 | Schneider et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7874920 | Hornik et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7874921 | Baszucki et al. | Jan 2011 | B2 |
| 7892093 | Kniesteadt et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
| 7898679 | Brack et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7901294 | Walker et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7905780 | Morrow et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7931533 | LeMay et al. | Apr 2011 | B2 |
| 7937464 | Ruppert et al. | May 2011 | B2 |
| 7963847 | Baerlocher | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 8070597 | Cuddy | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8075396 | Roemer | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8267773 | Jaffe et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 8267797 | Thomas et al. | Sep 2012 | B2 |
| 20010019966 | Idaka | Sep 2001 | A1 |
| 20020084587 | Bennett et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020086725 | Fasbender et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020111210 | Luciano, Jr. et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020111213 | McEntee et al. | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020113371 | Snow | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020115487 | Wells | Aug 2002 | A1 |
| 20020142844 | Kerr | Oct 2002 | A1 |
| 20020195773 | Dunn | Dec 2002 | A1 |
| 20030004871 | Rowe | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030022714 | Oliver | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030027625 | Rowe | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030032474 | Kaminkow | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030036425 | Kaminkow et al. | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030042679 | Snow | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030045354 | Giobbi | Mar 2003 | A1 |
| 20030064798 | Grauzer et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030075869 | Breeding et al. | Apr 2003 | A1 |
| 20030090064 | Hoyt et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030104865 | Itkis et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030130024 | Darby | Jul 2003 | A1 |
| 20030186739 | Paulsen et al. | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030203755 | Jackson | Oct 2003 | A1 |
| 20030206548 | Bannai et al. | Nov 2003 | A1 |
| 20030224858 | Yoseloff et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030232651 | Huard et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20030236110 | Beaulieu et al. | Dec 2003 | A1 |
| 20040002386 | Wolfe et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040002388 | Larsen et al. | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040029635 | Giobbi | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040033095 | Saffari et al. | Feb 2004 | A1 |
| 20040043815 | Kaminkow | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040043820 | Schlottmann | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040048671 | Rowe | Mar 2004 | A1 |
| 20040082385 | Silva et al. | Apr 2004 | A1 |
| 20040087375 | Gelinotte | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040090003 | Snow | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040092310 | Brosnan et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20040106452 | Nguyen et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040110119 | Riconda et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040127291 | George et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040132529 | Mkrtchyan et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040133485 | Schoonmaker et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040142744 | Atkinson et al. | Jul 2004 | A1 |
| 20040150702 | Tsuyoshi et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040166918 | Walker et al. | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040166940 | Rothschild | Aug 2004 | A1 |
| 20040185936 | Block et al. | Sep 2004 | A1 |
| 20040259618 | Soltys et al. | Dec 2004 | A1 |
| 20050043094 | Nguyen et al. | Feb 2005 | A1 |
| 20050054438 | Rothschild et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050054445 | Gatto et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055113 | Gauselmann | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050059479 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050070358 | Angell et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20050101383 | Wells | May 2005 | A1 |
| 20050116417 | Soltys et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050119052 | Russell et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050143166 | Walker et al. | Jun 2005 | A1 |
| 20050153778 | Nelson et al. | Jul 2005 | A1 |
| 20050176502 | Nishimura et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050181856 | Cannon et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050181864 | Britt et al. | Aug 2005 | A1 |
| 20050215311 | Hornik et al. | Sep 2005 | A1 |
| 20050221882 | Nguyen et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050222891 | Chan et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050227760 | Vlazny et al. | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050239542 | Olsen | Oct 2005 | A1 |
| 20050266919 | Rowe et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20050282626 | Manfredi et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20060004618 | Brixius | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060009282 | George et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060015716 | Thornton et al. | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060019745 | Benbrahim | Jan 2006 | A1 |
| 20060026499 | Weddle | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060035707 | Nguyen et al. | Feb 2006 | A1 |
| 20060046849 | Kovacs | Mar 2006 | A1 |
| 20060116208 | Chen et al. | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060121970 | Khal | Jun 2006 | A1 |
| 20060183541 | Okada et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060195847 | Amano et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060205508 | Green | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060211481 | Soltys et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060247013 | Walker et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060247057 | Green et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060248161 | O'Brien et al. | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20060277487 | Poulsen et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20060287077 | Grav et al. | Dec 2006 | A1 |
| 20070004500 | Soltys et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070004501 | Brewer et al. | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070015583 | Tran | Jan 2007 | A1 |
| 20070026935 | Wolf et al. | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070033247 | Martin | Feb 2007 | A1 |
| 20070054725 | Morrow et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070054740 | Salls et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070057453 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070057454 | Fleckenstein | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070057462 | Fleckenstein | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070057466 | Soltys et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070057469 | Grauzer et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060259 | Pececnik | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060260 | Fleckenstein | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060307 | Mathis et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070060365 | Tien et al. | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070077990 | Cuddy et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070077995 | Oak et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070093298 | Brunet | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20070105628 | Arbogast et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070111775 | Yoseloff | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070111791 | Arbogast et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070111794 | Hogan et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070117608 | Roper et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070124483 | Marples et al. | May 2007 | A1 |
| 20070129145 | Blackburn et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070150329 | Brook et al. | Jun 2007 | A1 |
| 20070167235 | Naicker | Jul 2007 | A1 |
| 20070191102 | Coliz et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070192748 | Martin et al. | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070198418 | MacDonald | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20070208816 | Baldwin et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070218998 | Arbogast et al. | Sep 2007 | A1 |
| 20070235521 | Mateen et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070241497 | Soltys et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070241498 | Soltys | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070243925 | LeMay et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070243927 | Soltys | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070243935 | Huizinga | Oct 2007 | A1 |
| 20070259709 | Kelly et al. | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070259711 | Thomas | Nov 2007 | A1 |
| 20070287535 | Soltys | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070298865 | Soltys | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20070298868 | Soltys | Dec 2007 | A1 |
| 20080004108 | Klinkhammer | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080009344 | Graham et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080026832 | Stevens et al. | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080026848 | Byng | Jan 2008 | A1 |
| 20080038035 | Shuldman et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080045341 | Englman | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080045344 | Schlottmann et al. | Feb 2008 | A1 |
| 20080064501 | Patel | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080076572 | Nguyen et al. | Mar 2008 | A1 |
| 20080090651 | Baerlocher | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080096659 | Kreloff et al. | Apr 2008 | A1 |
| 20080108433 | DiMichele et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080113704 | Jackson | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080113764 | Soltys | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080113773 | Johnson et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080113793 | Miyamoto et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080117339 | Kirsche | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080119284 | Luciano, Jr. et al. | May 2008 | A1 |
| 20080146337 | Halonen et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080153599 | Atashband et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080153600 | Swarna | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080154916 | Atashband | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080155665 | Ruppert et al. | Jun 2008 | A1 |
| 20080162729 | Ruppert | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080171588 | Atashband | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080171598 | Deng | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20080200255 | Eisele | Aug 2008 | A1 |
| 20080243697 | Irving et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080261701 | Lewin et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
| 20080287197 | Ruppert et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080293494 | Adiraju et al. | Nov 2008 | A1 |
| 20080311971 | Dean | Dec 2008 | A1 |
| 20080318685 | Oak et al. | Dec 2008 | A9 |
| 20090005176 | Morrow et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090011833 | Seelig et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090029775 | Ruppert et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090031008 | Elliott et al. | Jan 2009 | A1 |
| 20090104977 | Zielinski | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| 20090115133 | Kelly et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090117994 | Kelly et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090118001 | Kelly et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090118005 | Kelly et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090118006 | Kelly et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090124392 | Ruppert et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090124394 | Swarna | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090125603 | Atashband et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090131144 | Allen | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090131163 | Arbogast et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090132720 | Ruppert et al. | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090170594 | Delaney et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090176556 | Gagner et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090176580 | Herrmann et al. | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090181776 | Deng | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| 20090253483 | Pacey et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090270170 | Patton | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275374 | Nelson et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275393 | Kisenwether et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275394 | Young et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275398 | Nelson | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275399 | Kelly et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275400 | Rehm et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275401 | Allen et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275402 | Backover et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275407 | Singh et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275410 | Kisenwether et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090275411 | Kisenwether et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090276341 | McMahan et al. | Nov 2009 | A1 |
| 20090298583 | Jones | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20090307069 | Meyerhofer | Dec 2009 | A1 |
| 20100016067 | White et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100016068 | White et al. | Jan 2010 | A1 |
| 20100029385 | Garvey et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100048291 | Warkentin | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100093441 | Rajaraman et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
| 20100124990 | Crowder | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100125851 | Singh et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100130280 | Arezina et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100131772 | Atashband et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
| 20100137056 | Hoffman et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100151926 | Ruppert et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100161798 | Ruppert et al. | Jun 2010 | A1 |
| 20100234104 | Ruppert et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20100248842 | Ruppert | Sep 2010 | A1 |
| 20110009184 | Byng | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110124417 | Baynes et al. | May 2011 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 1206173 | Jun 1986 | CA |
| 19940954 | Mar 2001 | DE |
| 0 700 980 | Nov 1999 | EP |
| 1074955 | Feb 2001 | EP |
| 1463008 | Sep 2004 | EP |
| 2 370 791 | Jul 2002 | GB |
| 8255059 | Oct 1996 | JP |
| 2001-0084838 | Sep 2001 | KR |
| 2002-0061793 | Jul 2002 | KR |
| 2003-0091635 | Dec 2003 | KR |
| 9736658 | Oct 1997 | WO |
| 0022585 | Apr 2000 | WO |
| 0205914 | Jan 2002 | WO |
| 03060846 | Jul 2003 | WO |
| 2005035084 | Apr 2005 | WO |
| 2006110348 | Oct 2006 | WO |
| 2007033207 | Mar 2007 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Bally Technologies, Inc., iVIEW, http://ballytech.com/systems/product.cfm?id=9, download date Nov. 6, 2007, 2 pages. |
| Mikohn, “Tablelink™, The New Standard in Table Games,” before Jan. 1, 2004, 14 pages. |
| White et al., Entitled “Networked Gaming System With Enterprise Accounting Methods and Apparatus”, U.S. Appl. No. 12/470,349, filed May 21, 2009, 411 pages. |
| White et al., Entitled “Networked Gaming System With Enterprise Accounting Methods and Apparatus”, U.S. Appl. No. 12/470,353, filed May 21, 2009, 410 pages. |
| International Search Report, mailed Dec. 22, 2009 for PCT/US2009/042149, 3 pages. |
| Written Opinion, mailed Dec. 22, 2009, for PCT/US2009/042149, 3 pages. |
| Bally TMS, “MP21—Automated Table Tracking/Features,” 2 pages, Nov. 2005. |
| Bally TMS, “MPBacc—Specifications/Specifications,” 2 pages, Nov. 2005. |
| Bally TMS, “MPLite—Table Management System/Features,” 2 pages, Nov. 2005. |
| Bulaysky, J., “Tracking the Tables,” Casino Journal, May 2004, pp. 44-47, accessed Dec. 21, 2005, URL=http://www.ascendgaming.com/cj/vendors—manufacturers—table/Trackin916200411141AM.htm, 5 pages. |
| Burke, A., “Tracking the Tables,” reprinted from International Gaming & Wagering Business, Aug. 2003, 4 pages. |
| Crowder, “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multiple Processor Architecture for Server-Based Gaming,” Amendment dated Aug. 5, 2011 for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,736, 18 pages. |
| Crowder, “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multiple Processor Architecture for Server-Based Gaming,” Office Action dated May 5, 2011 for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,736, 10 pages. |
| Crowder, “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multiple Processor Architecture for Server-Based Gaming,” Notice of Allowance dated May 16, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,736, 9 pages. |
| Gros, R., “All You Ever Wanted to Know About Table Games,” reprinted from Global Gaming Business, Aug. 1, 2003, 2 pages. |
| MagTek, “Port Powered Swipe Reader,” Technical Reference Manual, Manual Part No. 99875094 Rev 12, Jun. 2003, 20 pages. |
| Singh et al., “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multi-Core Processor for an Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM),” Advisory Action dated Jul. 25, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,337, 4 pages. |
| Singh et al., “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multi-Core Processor for an Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM),” Amendment dated Mar. 7, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,337, 11 pages. |
| Singh et al., “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multi-Core Processor for an Electronic Gaming Machine (EGMm),” Amendment dated Jul. 16, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,337, 8 pages. |
| Singh et al., “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multi-Core Processor for an Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM),” Amendment dated Aug. 16, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,337, 8 pages. |
| Singh et al., “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multi-Core Processor for an Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM),” Office Action dated Dec. 7, 2011, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,337, 9 pages. |
| Singh et al., “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multi-Core Processor for an Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM),” Office Action dated Mar. 16, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,337, 10 pages. |
| Singh et al., “Apparatus, Method, and System to Provide a Multi-Core Processor for an Electronic Gaming Machine (EGM),” Notice of Allowance dated Aug. 30, 2012, for U.S. Appl. No. 12/271,337, 7 pages. |
| Terdiman, D., “Who's Holding the Aces Now?”, reprinted from Wired News, Aug. 18, 2003, 2 pages. |
| Winkler, C., “Product Spotlight: MindPlay,” reprinted from Gaming and Leisure Technology, Fall 2003, 2 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20090275393 A1 | Nov 2009 | US |
