Patent Application
20170228981
The present invention is an improved method and apparatus for awarding a progressive prize on a casino table game. There are a number of casino table games that are based on the rules of poker, such as pai gow, as well as proprietary games such as 3 Hand Hold 'Em™, Three Card Poker™, Crazy For Poker™, Ultimate Texas Hold 'Em™ and others. Each of these games is typically played with one standard deck of playing cards. Other popular casino table games, such as blackjack, may be played with one or more decks of cards.
The basic object of most casino table games is for the player and house (represented by a dealer) to each make a hand. If the house's hand is better than the player's hand, evaluated using a predetermined set of rules, the player typically loses his wager. If the player's hand is better than the house's, the player typically is awarded a prize equal to his wager. In order for the game to be profitable for the casino, the rules have to provide the house with an edge over the player.
In some games, the house's edge in the game is large enough that the player may be awarded a multiple of his wager in certain situations. Players enjoy receiving multiplied returns on their wagers. The house's edge is rarely great enough to support a multiplier of greater than three however, and almost never greater than ten. As the house's edge is increased, the players win much less often and view the game as unfairly weighted to the house's advantage and the game becomes less enjoyable for players. Thus, to provide enjoyable table games, casinos must balance the player's desire to receive a multiplied prize against the player's desire to play a game where the house's edge is perceived as small.
One of the ways casinos achieve the desired balance is to award multipliers based on the probability of the hand made by the players or the house or a combination thereof. These hands can have sufficiently rare probabilities that attractive multipliers can be awarded to the player. For instance, in a five-card stud poker game, the highest and rarest hand that can be achieved using a standard fifty-two card deck and traditional poker hand rankings is a royal flush (ace, king, queen, jack and ten, all of the same suit). The probability of that hand occurring is 325,635 to 1. A casino could conceivably pay a player a multiplier of 300,000× on a wager when they achieve a royal flush and still maintain an edge.
The multiplier may be paid based on the player's primary wager (typically the wager the player makes that their hand will be better than the house's) or it may be paid on a separate side wager. The advantage of using a side wager is that higher multipliers may be paid while maintaining the house's edge. For instance, if a five-card stud table game pays even money on a primary wager and the player wins 48% of the time, the house's edge would be 4% (i.e., 1−(2×0.48)=0.04). It will be understood by those skilled in the art that if the house's edge is 4%, the return to the player is the remainder from 100%, or 96%. Any additional multiplier payout made on the primary wager would reduce the house's edge further. So if a multiplier were to be paid for a player receiving a royal flush, and only a royal flush, it would be limited to approximately 13,025 to 1 (i.e., 4% of 325,635). As additional hands other than a royal flush are included in the group of hands that award multipliers, the maximum multiplier would be reduced even further. By awarding multipliers on a side wager versus a primary wager, the house is no longer constrained by the 4% edge associated with the primary wager.
With sufficiently rare hands, the casino can also award a player a progressive prize. A progressive prize is generally understood to be a large prize (typically the largest prize available at a given game) with an amount that is increased over time. This is typically done by taking a small portion of each wager made and adding it to the progressive amount. Other progressive prizes may increment solely on the amount of time it takes for a player to win it. Still further, progressive prizes have been suggested that decrease over time or that reset to a minimum value once a maximum value is reached. Typically the progressive prize could only be won by a player at a table game by achieving the rarest hand possible (e.g., a royal flush in five-card stud). To further increase the odds, some casinos have specified additional restraints, such as suit (e.g., a royal flush in spades in the five-card stud game). In such instances, lesser or more commonly occurring hands (e.g., a royal flush in any of the other three suits) may be awarded a small percentage, perhaps 10%, of the progressive. By requiring a rarer hand to win the progressive prize, casinos ensure that the progressive prize will grow for a longer period of time. Players typically are attracted to games with larger progressive prizes. However, it is believed that players also become frustrated if the progressive prize is too difficult to achieve. Therefore, once again casinos are left to find the best balance for a game that is profitable to the casino and enjoyable to the player.
Two related inventions that attempt to allow casinos and game designers to more easily achieve this balance is Johnson, U.S. Pat. No. 7,931,532 and Place, U.S. Pat. No. 5,707,285 issued to Paltronics and incorporated herein by reference. These references generally teach allowing table game player to play a bonus game driven by a computer generated random number (or random number generator or RNG) whenever the player achieves a specific qualifying event (e.g., a black jack in a twenty-one game). The bonus game disclosed is a physical wheel which is spun to indicate one of a variety of payouts, one of which includes the progressive prize.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that by adding the intermediate bonus game, these references necessarily decrease the probability of the player winning the progressive. Indeed, this is the stated intent of Place. For instance, if in the hypothetical five-card stud game previously discussed, the player gets to play the bonus game disclosed in Johnson and Place upon achieving a royal flush, and the bonus game awards the progressive once every hundred tries, then the odds of winning the progressive are 325,635 (the odds of a royal flush) times 100 (the odds of winning the progressive in the bonus game) or 32,563,500 to 1.
The present invention improves on the prior art by providing players the opportunity to achieve at least one of a plurality of qualifying events for at least one of a plurality of bonus games. In the preferred embodiment, the method for the player to qualify for a bonus game will be for the player and/or the house to achieve one of a plurality of predetermined hand combinations. The qualifying event will entitle the player to play one of a plurality of bonus games. Preferably, each qualifying event will be associated with a different bonus game and the bonus games will be at least differentiable by the probability of winning a progressive prize and/or their expected return to the player.
By providing a plurality of qualifying events and a plurality of differentiated bonus games, the casino and/or table game designer is afforded a much greater flexibility in awarding a progressive prize. The progressive prize can now be awarded more or less frequently, as the casino desires. Additionally, prior art games were generally constrained by the inherently fixed odds of achieving a specific hand combination in a table game using a standard playing deck of cards for a given game's established rules. Therefore it was impractical for two different types of table games to compete for the same progressive prize. The present invention overcomes that limitation and allows players of multiple distinct games the opportunity to fairly contribute to a single progressive prize and compete for the prize through a plurality of bonus games.
These and other advantages of the present invention will become more clear as explained below.
One embodiment of the present invention may be played on a table 50 as shown in
Play of the game begins by each player placing a wager in the primary wager circles 64 of their player position 60. The players may also place a wager in the secondary wager circles 65 of their player position 60. In the preferred embodiment, the secondary wager is voluntary and the primary wager is mandatory. However, in alternative embodiments the secondary wager may be mandatory. Once all of the wagers have been placed, the dealer deals seven cards to at least each occupied player position 60 and to the dealer from a randomly shuffled deck of cards. Preferably it is a standard playing card deck with fifty-two suited cards and one joker that can be used as an ace or to complete a straight, flush or straight flush.
The player then examines his cards and divides them into a high hand consisting of five cards and a low hand consisting of two cards. The rules of pai gow poker dictate that the high hand (using standard five-card poker hand rankings) must be higher in value than the two card hand. The standard rank of five-card poker hands is shown in the table below:
The player indicates his hand is set by placing the high hand in the high hand position 62a and the low hand in the low hand position 62b. Once all of the player hands are set, the dealer reveals her hand and sets the hand according to pre-established house rules. The dealer sets her high hand in a dealer high hand position 70 and her low hand in a dealer low hand position 68.
The dealer then reveals each of the player's hands and compares them to the dealer's hands. The primary wager is resolved as follows: If player's high hand beats the dealer's high hand and the player's low hand beats the dealer's low hand, the dealer pays the player even money on the primary wager in primary wager circle 64. If player's high hand loses to the dealer's high hand and the player's low hand loses to the dealer's low hand, the player loses and the dealer collects the primary wager in primary wager circle 64. All other instances result in a push between the dealer and the player.
After the dealer has resolved the primary wager, the dealer evaluates the secondary wager. Preferably the secondary wager is paid according to the pay table shown on the legend 66. Each player hand is preferably evaluated regardless of how the player chose to set their hand. For instance, a player dealt a full house that chooses to play three of a kind for his high hand and a pair for his low hand is still paid for a full house. The seven-card hand rankings, with the associated multipliers that are paid for the player's secondary wager for a prior art game are shown in the table below:
The seven-card hand rankings, with the associated pay table (that is preferably shown legend 66) for a preferred embodiment of the present invention applied to a pai gow poker game are shown in the table below:
As demonstrated by Table 3, whenever a player achieves a flush, straight or three of a kind, they receive a fixed multiplier on their secondary wager, as in the prior art game. Whenever a player achieves the rarest hand possible, the seven-card straight flush without the use of a joker, the player is awarded the progressive prize without further play as in the prior art game demonstrated on Table 2. However when the player achieves one of the six hands comprising a seven-card straight flush with a joker, five aces (using the joker), a royal flush (with or without the joker), a straight flush (with or without the joker), four of a kind or a full house, the player will be awarded the opportunity to play a bonus game. The bonus game to be played is determined by the combination of cards, or hand hierarchy, achieved.
Referring now to
The segment and therefore the prize to be awarded to the player is indicated by a pointer 305. In practice, the wheel is spun and the segment is selected using a computer 400 executing a RNG using methods well known in the art. The probability of a specific segment being selected can therefore be weighted as desired.
The amount of the progressive prize may also be shown on the video display 80 in a banner 310 that is continually updating the amount of the progressive. Alternatively, the amount of the progressive may be shown on a separate display (not shown).
In the preferred embodiment the dealer enters a player's qualifying hand in the control pad 82. The control pad 82 communicates with the computer 400 via an input pathway 410 and the computer 400 alters the video output sent to the video display 80 via a video pathway 420 to display the appropriate bonus wheel 300. In the exemplar shown on
Each bonus wheel 300 comprises the bonus game and can be defined by the multiplier values shown on the segments 300A to 300F as well as the probability of each segment being selected. Tables 4 to 9 below shows the bonus games and average return to the player for the preferred embodiment of the present game where the progressive resets at an amount of $5,000 and the secondary wager is $1. The bonus game shown on the display device 80 in
By displaying a different wheel 300 with different amounts indicated in segments 300A-F, the same display 80 can also be used to play the following bonus games:
The total return to the player for the secondary wager can be calculated by summing the return to the player for each hand combination along with the percentage contribution of each bet that is added to the progressive prize. The return for each hand is the probability of each hand times the average return to the player for that hand, when expressed as a “for one” pay for its associated bonus game (e.g., the return on a full house is 0.027172988×(4.44+1)=0.147814531). Similarly, the probability of a player winning the progressive prize can be calculated by summing the probability of a qualifying hand by the probability of winning the progressive through the associated bonus game. These two calculations are illustrated for the discussed preferred embodiment in Table 10 below:
Therefore, the secondary wager in the preferred embodiment discussed has a house edge of approximately 6.4%. By inverting the total probability of winning the progressive, the average number of hands required for the progressive to be won, or progressive cycle, can also be determined. In the preferred embodiment discussed the progressive cycle is 420,341 games (e.g. 1/2.37902E-06). It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the progressive cycle for the prior art games was always greater than 4,816,971. Thus, through the addition of a plurality of bonus games and associated qualifying events the progressive cycle has been reduced to a level more desired by the casino.
Preferably, as indicated in the previously discussed embodiment, the probability of the hand resulting in the bonus game is inversely related to the probability of winning the progressive prize by playing the associated bonus game. In other words, when players qualify for a bonus game with rarer hand, they are more likely to win the progressive prize relative to when players qualify for a bonus game with a hand that is not as rare.
Although the bonus games in the preferred embodiment have been described as a plurality of video reels, there is no requirement that all of the bonus games be the same type of game. For instance, one of the bonus games could be a video reel, or a group of reels as is routinely used in slot machines. Other bonus games are also possible. Additionally, although the bonus games described have been played in a video format, it would be a simple matter to develop one or more mechanical bonus games, such as a mechanical wheel. The use of the video display 80 is preferable because the plurality of bonus games can readily be played on a single device, however.
The computer 400 is configured to output video to one or more display devices 230 using a video controller 270 or controllers 275. The display devices 230 preferably include the control pad 82 and video display 80. Preferably the computer 400 receives inputs from a touch screen 260 affixed to the control pad 82 utilizing a touch screen controller 265. Other input devices 220, such as buttons, may also be utilized by either the player or the dealer to communicate with the computer 400. Other input devices 220 may be used to detect wagers placed in the wager circles 65 and 64. In addition to video output, the computer may provide audio output via a sound card 240 and speakers 250.
The computer 400 has two primary purposes in the present invention. The first is to administer the progressive prize and increment accordingly. This is done by storing the amount of the progressive prize in memory 210. Additionally, preferably secondary wagers placed on secondary wager circles 65 are detected using methods well known in the gaming art, such as, but not limited to, mechanically detecting a gaming chip placed in a slot, or using light, sonic waves, RFID technology or cameras communicating with pattern recognition software to detect the presence and/or denomination of gaming chips. Such systems are generally described in Bahar, U.S. Pat. No. 7,559,839, incorporated herein by reference. The current amount of the progressive prize is preferably shown by the computer 400 using one of the display devices 230.
The second primary purpose of the computer 400 is to conduct the play of the plurality of bonus games. Preferably the software for play of the bonus games, including probabilities, pays, associated animations and a RNG are stored on the memory 210.
Additional advantages of the present invention will now be described by discussing another embodiment utilizing a different basic table game.
Once all player hands are set, the dealer reveals the dealer's hand at a dealer hand position 69. Each player's hand is then compared to the dealer's hand using a predetermined hierarchy of hands and the player is paid on for winning hands on the primary wagers. If the player's hand is sufficiently high on the hierarchy of hands, they were also paid, in the prior art game, a fixed multiplier of the player's secondary wager. By applying the present invention to this known game a plurality of bonus games will now be awarded to the player in lieu of the fixed multiplier. The hierarchy for the four card poker hands as well as the pays (which are indicated on legend 66) and probabilities associated with each in a preferred embodiment are shown in Table 11, below:
As with the Bonus Games 1 to 6 for the previous embodiment involving pai gow, Bonus Games 7 to 11 for an embodiment of the present invention for use in a Four Card Poker™ game can be defined by the following Tables 12 to 16.
Again, the total return to the player for the secondary wager in an embodiment suited for the game Four Card Poker™ can be calculated by summing the return to the player for each hand combination along with the percentage contribution of each bet that is added to the progressive prize. The return for each hand is the probability of each hand times the average return to the player for that hand, when expressed as a “for one” pay for its associated bonus game. Similarly, the probability of a player winning the progressive prize can be calculated by summing the probability of a qualifying hand by the probability of winning the progressive through the associated bonus game. These probabilities are illustrated for the discussed embodiment of Four Card Poker™ in Table 17 below:
As demonstrated before, the progressive cycle is the inverse of the total probability of winning the progressive, 420,341 hands.
By comparing Tables 3 and 10 with Tables 11 and 17 some important similarities as well as differences between the two exemplars will become apparent. First, it will be appreciated that the probabilities of the rarest hands in each exemplar game differ by nearly two orders of magnitude. The seven card straight flush with no joker in pai gow is almost 100 times less probable than the four aces in Four Card Poker™. However, by utilizing the present invention, the probability of a player winning the progressive on a given pai gow hand has been shifted to be greater than the probability of the of the rarest hand. In contrast, by utilizing the present invention, the probability of a player winning the progressive on a given hand of Four Card Poker™ has been shifted to be less than the probability of the rarest hand.
But more importantly, the probability of a player winning the progressive prize in either game is now substantially equal. In fact, the progressive cycle for the two games is identical to the nearest whole number. By equalizing the progressive cycle, the two disparate games can now contribute to, and play for the same progressive prize fairly. Gambling regulators often require this level of fairness for two games to contribute and vie for the same progressive prize. Therefore, for the purposes of this invention, substantially equal probabilities of winning the progressive prize or the progressive cycle should be understood to mean meeting the required level of fairness imposed by various gaming regulators in the United States.
Similarly, a progressive prize that is fairly awarded should be understood to mean that when players of two different types of games are both contributing to a single progressive prize, each player will have a substantially equal chance of winning the prize if their contributions to the prize are equal. Although it is preferable to have each player's contribution be equal when calculated on a “per wager” basis, it should be understood that this does not need to be the case as long as the overall contribution of each player is proportional to the player's chances of winning the prize. Thus, if a player of game A contributes $1 to a progressive prize for each play of game A and game A has, based on the chances of winning the prize at game A, a progressive cycle of 100,000 games, the progressive prize could be fairly competed for by a player of game B, if a player of game B contributes $2 to the prize for each play of game B if game B has a progressive cycle of 50,000 games. Both the player of games A and B would contribute, on average $100,000 to the progressive prize before it is won.
Referring now to
The centralized controller 425 may physically reside on the same casino floor as tables 50a-b and 52c-d or it may be located at a remote site. In such a configuration disparate table games on different casino floors can be linked to the same progressive prize. Network pathway 430 may comprise an Internet connection, a wired or wireless local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN). Further, it may include additional servers, switches and other networking hardware for relaying the required data.
Other combinations, orders of operation, additions and modifications to the foregoing may also be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. Thus, the foregoing should be considered illustrative rather than limiting the invention, which is defined only by the following claims.
This patent application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §120 and is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/656,745, titled “TABLE GAME,” filed Oct. 22, 2012, by Van Asdale.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 13656745 | Oct 2012 | US |
| Child | 15498164 | US |
