Patent Application
20100172984
The present invention relates to a tablet dosage form comprising an immediate release component comprising cetirizine and an extended release component comprising pseudoephedrine.
Cetirizine is a generic name for 2-[2-[4-[(4-chlorophenyl)phenylmethyl]-1-piperazinyl]ethoxy]-acetic acid and is typically provided as a dihydrochloride salt. Cetirizine is an orally active and selective H1-receptor antagonist currently prescribed for the treatment of seasonal allergies in patients aged 2 years and older.
Pseudoephedrine, as well as pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof such as the hydrochloride and sulfate salts, is a sympathomimetic drug known by those skilled in the art as a safe therapeutic agent for treating nasal congestion. It is commonly administered orally and concomitantly with an antihistamine for treatment of nasal congestion for the treatment of allergic rhinitis.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,469,009 discloses the combined use of pseudoephedrine, an individual optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and cetirizine, an individual optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in the treatment of rhinitis, cold, flu, cold-like and flu-like symptoms.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,171,618 discloses a solid dosage form comprising cetirizine and pseudoephedrine wherein at least a portion of said pseudoephedrine is contained in a core, whereby release of said pseudoephedrine into an environment of use is sustained; wherein said cetirizine is contained as an immediate-release component in said dosage form; and wherein said dosage form is substantially free of alcohols having a molecular weight lower than 100 and reactive derivatives thereof. It further states that contact of cetirizine with alcohols having a molecular weight less than 100 should be avoided since such contact can result in a reaction with cetirizine, usually esterification, and thereby damage the dosage form by reacting with the active medicinal agent.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,014,867 discloses a tablet comprising at least two distinct segments, one segment of which comprises as active ingredient predominantly cetirizine and a second segment of which comprises as active ingredient predominantly pseudoephedrine, said segments being composed and formed in such a way that the resulting tablet is substantially free of impurities formed by reaction of cetirizine with pseudoephedrine, wherein the interfacial surface area of the pseudoephedrine segment and cetirizine segment is less than 180 mm2.
Applicants have now developed an alternative tablet dosage form comprising an immediate release component comprising cetirizine or an optically active isomer thereof or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and an extended release component comprising pseudoephedrine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein interfacial surface area between cetirizine and pseudoephedrine component is more than 180 mm2. The tablet dosage forms obtained according to the present invention were found to be stable during the entire shelf life of the product.
Hence, according to one of the aspects, there is provided a tablet dosage form comprising
According to another aspect, there is provided a process for the preparation of a tablet dosage form comprising
According to another aspect, there is provided a method for treating a disorder selected from rhinitis, cold, flu, cold-like and flu-like symptoms in a human comprising administering a tablet dosage form comprising
According to one of the aspects, there is provided a tablet dosage form comprising
The tablet dosage form can be in the form of a core tablet and coating or in the form of a bilayer tablet.
According to another aspect, there is provided a tablet dosage form comprising
The process of preparation of a tablet dosage form, comprising the steps of
According to another aspect, there is provided a bilayer tablet dosage form comprising
The process of preparation of a bilayer tablet dosage form, comprising the steps of
The dosage forms according to any of the above aspects may further comprise alcohols having a molecular weight lower than 100.
“Cetirizine” as employed herein is intended to include not only the free compound but also any pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Preferred are acid addition salts, for example, especially the dihydrochloride. “Cetirizine” is also intended to cover individual enantiomers as well as the racemate. In particular, cetirizine includes cetirizine dihydrochloride, levocetirizine dihydrochloride or efletirizine dihydrochloride.
In the present application, the term “pseudoephedrine”, used herein means pseudoephedrine itself, an individual optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
The term “pharmaceutically acceptable salt” as used herein with respect to pseudoephedrine can be its hydrochloride and sulfate and equivalent non-toxic salts.
The dimensions of the core tablet or the layers of bilayer tablet are chosen so that interfacial surface area between cetirizine component and pseudoephedrine component is more than 180 mm2, for example, more than 200 mm2, or for example, more than 220 mm2.
Example of alcohols having a molecular weight lower than 100 include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, glycerin and mixtures thereof. The amount of alcohols having a molecular weight lower than 100 may range from 0.001-5% by weight of the dosage form. These may be present in the immediate release component or in the extended release component.
The term ‘extended release component’ as used herein achieves the slow release of pseudoephedrine over an extended period of time, and includes both prolonged and controlled release dosage forms.
The extended release component can further comprise extended release polymer such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, vinyl acetate copolymers, polysaccharides (such as alginate, xanthan gum, etc.), polyethylene oxide, methacrylic acid copolymers, maleic anhydride/methyl vinyl ether copolymers and derivatives, ethylcellulose and polyvinylalcohols or mixtures thereof. The extended release polymer may be present at about 20-50% by weight of the total dosage form.
The tablet dosage form may further comprise pharmaceutically acceptable inert excipients selected from, for example, surfactants, binder, diluents, disintegrants, lubricants, glidants, plasticizers, stabilizers and coloring agents.
Specific examples of binders include methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gelatin, gum arabic, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, pullulan, pregelatinized starch, agar, tragacanth, sodium alginate, propylene glycol, microcrystalline cellulose and the like.
Specific examples of diluents include lactose, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate-dibasic, calcium phosphate-tribasic, calcium sulfate, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose powdered and starch.
Surfactants include both non-ionic and ionic (cationic, anionic and zwitterionic) surfactants suitable for use in pharmaceutical dosage forms. These include polyethoxylated fatty acids and its derivatives, for example, polyethylene glycol 400 distearate, polyethylene glycol-20 dioleate, polyethylene glycol 4-150 mono dilaurate, polyethylene glycol-20 glyceryl stearate; alcohol-oil transesterification products, for example, polyethylene glycol-6 corn oil; polyglycerized fatty acids, for example, polyglyceryl-6 pentaoleate; propylene glycol fatty acid esters, for example, propylene glycol monocaprylate; mono and diglycerides, for example, glyceryl ricinoleate; sterol and sterol derivatives; sorbitan fatty acid esters and its derivatives, for example, polyethylene glycol-20 sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan monolaurate; polyethylene glycol alkyl ether or phenols, for example, polyethylene glycol-20 cetyl ether, polyethylene glycol-10-100 nonyl phenol; sugar esters, for example, sucrose monopalmitate; polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block copolymers known as “poloxamer”; ionic surfactants, for example, sodium caproate, sodium glycocholate, soy lecithin, sodium stearyl fumarate, propylene glycol alginate, octyl sulfosuccinate disodium, palmitoyl carnitine; and the like.
Specific examples of lubricants/glidants include colloidal silicon dioxide, stearic acid, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, hydrogenated castor oil, sucrose esters of fatty acid, microcrystalline wax, yellow beeswax, white beeswax, and the like.
Examples of coloring agents include any FDA approved colors for oral use. These may include Iron oxide, Lake of Tartrazine, Lake of Quinoline Yellow, Lake of Sunset Yellow, Aluminium Lake (blue), Lake of Erythrosine, Lack of Carmosine Ponceau, Allura Red.
Examples of suitable plasticizers include acetyl triethyl citrate, dibutyl phthalate, tributyl citrate, triethyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, propylene glycol, triacetin, polyethylene glycol and diethyl phthalate.
The core tablet or bilayer tablet can be prepared by wet or dry granulation or by direct compression process.
The dosage form may optionally be coated with non-functional layers comprising film-forming polymers, if desired. There may be an intermediate seal coat present between pseudoephedrine core and cetirizine coating.
Coating may be performed by applying one or more film forming polymers, with or without other pharmaceutically inert excipients, as a solution/suspension using any conventional coating technique known in the art, such as spray coating in a conventional coating pan or fluidized bed processor; or dip coating.
The coating may be selected from amongst one or more of those suitable coating materials known in the art. For example, the coating material can be Opadry or opadry AMB (aqueous moisture barrier).
Solutions or dispersions of cetirizine or nonfunctional coating can be prepared in solvents such as, for example, dichloromethane, isopropyl alcohol, acetone, methanol, ethanol, water or mixture thereof.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which is for illustrative purpose only and do not limit the scope of invention in any way.
Table 1 provides comparative dissolution data for the marketed Zyrtec® D and the tablet dosage form of Example 1 & 2. The testing was performed using type 1 USP dissolution apparatus, operating at 37° C. with a paddle rotating speed of 100 rpm. The tablets were tested in 900 ml of pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid for first 1 hr, followed by 900 ml of pH 6.8 phosphate buffer.
TABLE 1: Comparative dissolution data for the marketed Zyrtec® D and the tablet dosage form of Example 1 & 2.
Zyrtec® D Composition 1 Composition 2 Time Cumulative percentage (%) release of Pseudoephedrine HCl
5 min 9 2 3
18 17 18
27 27 28
41 39 41
64 63 67
4 hr 85 90 91
6 hr 99 101 102
101 104 105
10 hr 103 105 106
Cumulative percentage (%) release of Cetirizine HCl
85 67 60
97 99 89
101 103 92
103 103 92
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1356/DEL/2006 | Jun 2006 | IN | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB07/52136 | 6/6/2007 | WO | 00 | 4/21/2009 |
