Patent Grant
10119836
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-139480 filed on Jul. 7, 2014, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to a tact measurement device for an actuator that measures a tact time taken for a movable member of the actuator to move from one end to another end of a movement range, and to a sensor signal detecting device that is used by the tact measurement device.
In production sites, for managing the performance of actuators or the like, situations occur in which it is necessary to measure a time that it takes for a movable member of an actuator to move from one end to another end of a movement range, for example, to measure a time that it takes for a piston to move from one end to another end of a movement range inside of a cylinder. Such a stroke time (operation time) is referred to as a tact time, or simply tact.
As one measurement method for measuring tact, for example, a method is used in which a device such as a linear displacement sensor or a laser displacement meter is arranged in the vicinity of the moveable member of the actuator, and the displacement of the movable member is measured. Further, in an apparatus which is equipped with magnetic proximity sensors (auto switches) provided respectively at one end (one end of the movement range of a piston) and another end (another end of the movement range of the piston) of a cylinder, and which performs a stop position confirmation of the cylinder by using output signals of the magnetic proximity sensors, it is possible for the tact of the cylinder to be measured by outputting the output signals from the magnetic proximity sensors to a PLC (Programmable Logic Controller).
Technologies in which the aforementioned measurement methods are used are disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-242522 and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-153432. According to Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2005-242522 and Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2000-153432, methods are disclosed in which the position of a movable member of an actuator is detected using limit switches or proximity switches or the like, and the tact of the actuator is measured by transmitting output signals to a control apparatus such as a PLC.
If tact is measured using a device such as a linear displacement sensor or a laser displacement meter, it is necessary for sensor heads thereof to be arranged at specified positions. However, there is a concern that, in the vicinity of the actuator, adequate space cannot be secured to enable installation of the sensor heads.
Further, in the case that a signal from a pre-existing magnetic proximity sensor or the like is used, it is necessary for new programs to be added to a control unit such as a PLC for the purpose of performing the tact measurement. However, for adding these types of new programs, it is necessary to have an understanding of the system for each line. Furthermore, it is necessary to prepare programs for each programming language that is used in the PLC. Moreover, if the capacity of the storage unit for storing such programs is small, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the storage unit. Considering these aspects overall, preparations must be undertaken to facilitate the addition of programs. As a result, the load or burden imposed for carrying out the tact measurement is increased.
The present invention has been devised taking into consideration the aforementioned problems, and has the object of providing a tact measurement device for an actuator, and a sensor signal detecting device that is used by the tact measurement device, which with a simple structure, are capable of reducing the load incurred for carrying out tact measurement.
The tact measurement device for an actuator according to the present invention measures a tact time taken for a movable member of the actuator to move from one end to another end of a movement range, and includes a detecting unit and a measurement unit, which are provided separately from sensors that are disposed on the actuator.
More specifically, in the tact measurement device for an actuator according to the present invention, the detecting unit detects a first output signal that is output responsive to detecting, by a first sensor, that the movable member is positioned at the one end of the movement range, the first sensor being disposed on the actuator, and outputs a first detection signal, and further detects a second output signal that is output responsive to detecting, by a second sensor, that the movable member is positioned at the other end of the movement range, the second sensor being disposed on the actuator, and outputs a second detection signal. The measurement unit measures the tact time taken for the movable member to move from the one end to the other end of the movement range, based on the first detection signal and the second detection signal.
According to the present invention, tact can be measured merely by disposing the detecting unit with respect to a pre-existing actuator driving device having the first sensor and the second sensor that detect the position of the movable member of the actuator. Therefore, measurement of tact can easily be performed. Furthermore, in comparison with large-scale equipment, such as a linear displacement sensor or a laser displacement meter, the detecting unit is simple in structure and conserves space. Moreover, the present invention enables tact to be measured at a low cost.
Further, according to the present invention, since output signals, which are output by the pre-existing first sensor and second sensor, are detected, and tact is measured by the measurement unit that is provided separately from the control unit of the actuator, there is no need for programs for the tact measurement to be added to the control unit such as a PLC. Therefore, it is unnecessary to take preparations for adding programs (understanding the system for each line, preparing programs for each programming language used by the PLC, increasing the capacity of the storage unit for storing such programs, etc.). Accordingly, the burden imposed when tact measurement is carried out is reduced.
In the tact measurement device according to the present invention, the detecting unit may include a first detecting unit and a second detecting unit. In this case, the first detecting unit may include a first output signal detecting unit that detects the first output signal and outputs the first detection signal, and a first detection signal output unit that outputs to the measurement unit the first detection signal that was output by the first output signal detecting unit. Further, the second detecting unit may include a second output signal detecting unit that detects the second output signal and outputs the second detection signal, and a second detection signal output unit that outputs to the measurement unit the second detection signal that was output by the second output signal detecting unit. By dividing the detecting unit into the first detecting unit and the second detecting unit, the first detecting unit and the second detecting unit can be reduced in size individually. Therefore, a further savings in space can be achieved.
In the tact measurement device according to the present invention, the first detecting unit may include a first connector configured to detachably mount the first output signal detecting unit to the first sensor that is disposed on the actuator, and the second detecting unit may include a second connector configured to detachably mount the second output signal detecting unit to the second sensor that is disposed on the actuator. By detachably providing the first detecting unit and the second detecting unit, when the actuator is operated, the first detecting unit and the second detecting unit can be detached from the actuator. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the space surrounding the actuator from becoming narrowed.
In the tact measurement device according to the present invention, the first detecting unit may include a marker that indicates an attachment direction with respect to the first sensor disposed on the actuator, and the second detecting unit may include a marker that indicates an attachment direction with respect to the second sensor disposed on the actuator. By the first and second detecting units including the marks, which indicate the directions in which the first and second detecting units should be installed, the operation when the detecting units are attached can be simplified.
In the tact measurement device for an actuator according to the present invention, the first connector may include a first gripping member that grips the first sensor disposed on the actuator, and the second connector may include a second gripping member that grips the second sensor disposed on the actuator. The structures of the first and second gripping members are simple. Further, if the first and second gripping members are used, the operation to attach and position the first and second detecting units with respect to the first and second sensors disposed on the actuator can be simplified.
In the tact measurement device for an actuator according to the present invention, the first connector may include a first projection that is fitted into the first sensor disposed on the actuator, and the second connector may include a second projection that is fitted into the second sensor disposed on the actuator. The structures of the first and second projections are simple. Further, if the first and second projections are used, the operation to attach and position the first and second detecting units with respect to the first and second sensors disposed on the actuator can be simplified.
In the tact measurement device for an actuator according to the present invention, the first connector may include a first adhesive that is adhered to the first sensor disposed on the actuator, and the second connector may include a second adhesive that is adhered to the second sensor disposed on the actuator. The arrangement of the first and second adhesives is simple. Further, by using the first and second adhesives, the operation to attach the first and second detecting units with respect to the first and second sensors disposed on the actuator can be simplified.
A sensor signal detecting device according to the present invention includes an output signal detecting unit that detects a signal output by a sensor, and outputs a detection signal, a detection signal output unit that externally outputs the detection signal that was output by the output signal detecting unit, and a connector configured to detachably mount the output signal detecting unit to the sensor.
In the sensor signal detecting device according to the present invention, there may further be provided a marker that indicates an attachment direction with respect to the sensor. Further, the connector may include a gripping member that grips the sensor, the connector may include a projection that is fitted into the sensor, or the connector may include an adhesive that is adhered to the sensor.
According to the present invention, tact can be measured merely by disposing the detecting unit (the first detecting unit and the second detecting unit, i.e., the sensor signal detecting device) with respect to a pre-existing actuator driving device having the first sensor and the second sensor that detect the position of the movable member of the actuator. Therefore, measurement of tact can easily be performed. Furthermore, in comparison with large-scale equipment, such as a linear displacement sensor or a laser displacement meter, the detecting unit is simple in structure and conserves space. Moreover, the present invention enables tact to be measured at a low cost.
Further, according to the present invention, since output signals, which are output by the pre-existing first sensor and second sensor, are detected, and tact is measured by the measurement unit that is provided separately from the control unit of the actuator, there is no need for programs for the tact measurement to be added to the control unit such as a PLC. Therefore, it is unnecessary to take preparations for adding programs (understanding the system for each line, preparing programs for each programming language used by the PLC, increasing the capacity of the storage unit for storing such programs, etc.). Accordingly, the burden imposed when tact measurement is carried out is reduced.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown by way of illustrative example.
A description will be given in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings of preferred embodiments of a tact measurement device for an actuator, and a sensor signal detecting device according to the present invention.
<Configuration of Actuator Driving Device 10>
As shown in
A piston (movable member) 20, which is connected to a piston rod 18, is disposed in the interior of the actuator 12. The piston 20 can be slidably moved between one end 12a and another end 12b of a movement range that is defined in the interior of the actuator 12. A one-end-side pressure chamber 12c is formed by the piston 20 and an inner wall of the cylinder on the side of the one end 12a, and an other-end-side pressure chamber 12d is formed by the piston 20 and an inner wall of the cylinder on the side of the other end 12b. An annular magnet 22 is disposed on the piston 20. A first sensor 24 is disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the actuator 12 on the side of the one end 12a, and a second sensor 26 is disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the actuator 12 on the side of the other end 12b.
The first sensor 24 and the second sensor 26 comprise magnetic proximity switches (also referred to as auto switches) that detect the magnetism of the magnet 22. The first sensor 24 is equipped with a light emitting body (e.g., an LED) 28, such that when the magnet 22 is positioned inside of a magnetic detection region, the first sensor 24 detects the magnetism from the magnet 22 and transmits a signal to the control unit 16, and the first sensor 24 turns on the light emitting body 28 for thereby emitting light. Similarly, the second sensor 26 is equipped with a light emitting body 30, which is similar to the light emitting body 28, such that when the magnet 22 is positioned inside of a magnetic detection region, the second sensor 26 detects the magnetism from the magnet 22 and transmits a signal to the control unit 16, and the second sensor 26 turns on the light emitting body 30 for thereby emitting light. In the present embodiment, each of the light emitting bodies 28, 30 is made up from two light emitting bodies, more specifically, a light emitting body that emits a first light (e.g., green light), and another light emitting body that emits a second light (e.g., red light). The first sensor 24 and the second sensor 26 cause the light emitting bodies 28, 30 that emit the first light (green light) to become illuminated and emit light when the magnet 22 that is disposed on the piston 20 is positioned in the center and in the vicinity of the center of the magnetic detection regions, and cause the light emitting bodies 28, 30 that emit the second light (red light) to become illuminated and emit light when the magnet 22 is positioned away from the center and away from the vicinity of the center of the magnetic detection regions.
The directional switching valve 14 is a 4-way, 5-port, 3-position solenoid valve. Solenoids 32, 34 are disposed in the directional switching valve 14. In the case that the solenoid 32 is excited, the directional switching valve 14 switches to a valve position 14a. When the valve position 14a is switched to, pressure fluid that is supplied from a fluid pressure source 36 is supplied to the one-end-side pressure chamber 12c, and the pressure fluid that is discharged from the other-end-side pressure chamber 12d is discharged to the exterior through a silencer 38. In the case that the solenoid 34 is excited, the directional switching valve 14 switches to a valve position 14c. When the valve position 14c is switched to, pressure fluid that is supplied from the fluid pressure source 36 is supplied to the other-end-side pressure chamber 12d, and the pressure fluid that is discharged from the one-end-side pressure chamber 12c is discharged to the exterior through the silencer 38. Further, in the case that the solenoids 32, 34 are not excited, the directional switching valve 14 switches to a valve position 14b under an elastic force of an illustrated coil spring. When the valve position 14b is switched to, the one-end-side pressure chamber 12c and the other-end-side pressure chamber 12d are blocked from communication with the fluid pressure source 36 and the exterior.
The control unit 16 receives output signals that are transmitted from the first sensor 24 and the second sensor 26, and further, transmits excitation signals to the solenoids 32, 34. The output signals that are transmitted from the first sensor 24 and the second sensor 26 are used for various purposes. For example, the output signals can be used for confirming the position of the piston 20 (i.e., to confirm a compressed end position and an expanded end position).
<Configuration of Tact Measurement Device 50>
As shown in
The first detecting unit 52 comprises a first output signal detecting unit 60 that detects a first output signal (light emission signal) output by the light emitting body 28 of the first sensor 24 that is disposed on the actuator 12, and outputs a first detection signal, a first detection signal output unit 62 that outputs to the measurement unit 56 the first detection signal that was output by the first output signal detecting unit 60, and a first connector 64 for detachably mounting the first output signal detecting unit 60 to the first sensor 24 that is disposed on the actuator 12.
Similarly, the second detecting unit 54 comprises a second output signal detecting unit 66 that detects a second output signal (light emission signal) output by the light emitting body 30 of the second sensor 26 that is disposed on the actuator 12, and outputs a second detection signal, a second detection signal output unit 68 that outputs to the measurement unit 56 the second detection signal that was output by the second output signal detecting unit 66, and a second connector 70 for detachably mounting the second output signal detecting unit 66 to the second sensor 26 that is disposed on the actuator 12.
The measurement unit 56 receives the first detection signal that is output by the first detecting unit 52 and the second detection signal that is output by the second detecting unit 54, and based on the first and second detection signals, the measurement unit 56 measures the time taken for the piston 20 of the actuator 12 to move from the one end 12a to the other end 12b of the movement range. More specifically, a time is measured from switching of the first detection signal from on to off, to switching of the second detection signal from off to on. Of course, the time taken for the piston 20 to move from the other end 12b to the one end 12a of the movement range can also be measured. The measurement unit 56 displays the measured time on a display unit 56a. Further, the measurement unit 56 is equipped with a function that can input as a parameter the movement distance of the piston 20. Using the movement distance and the measured time, an average movement velocity of the piston 20 is calculated, and is displayed on the display unit 56a.
Below, using
Gripping members 78, 80 that correspond to the first connector 64 are formed on both side surfaces of the outer casing 72. An interval between inner sides of the gripping member 78 and the gripping member 80 is of substantially the same length as an outer shape in the longitudinal direction of the first sensor 24. Surrounding grooves 78a, 80a are formed respectively around the gripping members 78, 80. A rubber bushing 82 is installed in one of the grooves 78a. The bushing 82 is detachable with respect to the groove 78a. When the first detecting unit 52 is mounted on the first sensor 24, the bushing 82 serves to partially fill a small gap between the gripping member 78 and the first sensor 24, and also plays a role to prevent slipping. As a result, the gripping members 78, 80 can grip the first sensor 24 firmly without the gripping members 78, 80 becoming separated therefrom. By means of the first connector 64 that is formed in this manner (the gripping members 78, 80 and the bushing 82), the first detecting unit 52 can be arranged detachably with respect to the first sensor 24.
Further, the bushing 82 also carries out a role as a marker for indicating an attachment direction of the first detecting unit 52 with respect to the first sensor 24. Since by the existence of the bushing 82, the gripping member 78 and the gripping member 80 can be distinguished from each other, the attachment direction of the first detecting unit 52 with respect to the first sensor 24 can be grasped.
Further, since the interval between the inner sides of the gripping member 78 and the gripping member 80 is of substantially the same length as the outer shape in the longitudinal direction of the first sensor 24, when the first detecting unit 52 is mounted on the first sensor 24, the first detecting unit 52 can be attached easily without requiring precise positioning and alignment thereof.
<Process Flow of Tact Measurement Process>
Next, the process flow of a tact measurement process will be described with reference to
At time T0 in
Starting from time T0, when an excitation signal is transmitted to the solenoid 32 from the control unit 16, the directional switching valve 14 is switched to the valve position 14a, whereupon the pressure fluid is supplied from the fluid pressure source 36 to the one-end-side pressure chamber 12c of the actuator 12, whereas the pressure fluid is discharged from the other-end-side pressure chamber 12d of the actuator 12. Upon doing so, the piston 20 begins to move in a direction from the one end 12a to the other end 12b.
At time T1 in
At time T2 of
At time Tn−1 of
At time Tn in
The measurement unit 56 calculates a time interval from the time T2 at which the tact measurement was started until the time Tn at which the tact measurement was stopped, and displays the calculation result as a tact time on the display unit 56a. Further, using the calculated tact time and the movement distance of the piston 20 that was input as a parameter, the measurement unit 56 can calculate an average movement velocity of the piston 20, and can display the calculation result on the display unit 56a.
At time Tn+1 in
<Modification 1>
The first detecting unit 52 includes the outer casing 84 that accommodates the circuit shown in
A lead line 74, which connects the first detection signal output unit 62 and the measurement unit 56 shown in
Further, the first connector 64 also carries out a role as a marker for indicating an attachment direction of the first detecting unit 52 with respect to the first sensor 24. By the existence of the first connector 64, the attachment direction of the first detecting unit 52 with respect to the first sensor 24 can be grasped.
Further, since the head portion 90a of the bolt 90 of the first connector 64 is fitted into the hole 24a of the first sensor 24, which has been positioned beforehand, when the first detecting unit 52 is mounted on the first sensor 24, the first detecting unit 52 can be attached easily without requiring precise positioning and alignment thereof.
<Modification 2>
The first detecting unit 52 includes the outer casing 94 that accommodates the circuit shown in
On portions of the bottom surface of the outer casing 94 except for the entrance window 76, an adhesive 96 is provided, which corresponds to the first connector 64. The adhesive 96 is made up from a gel-like glue or sheet material. The adhesive 96 is adhered onto an outer peripheral surface of the first sensor 24 that is provided on the actuator 12. By means of the first connector 64 (the adhesive 96) that is formed in this manner, the first detecting unit 52 can be arranged detachably with respect to the first sensor 24.
According to the present invention, tact can be measured merely by disposing the detecting unit (the first detecting unit 52 and the second detecting unit 54, i.e., the sensor signal detecting device) with respect to a pre-existing actuator driving device 10 having the first sensor 24 and the second sensor 26 that detect the position of the piston 20 of the actuator 12. Therefore, measurement of tact can easily be performed. Furthermore, in comparison with large-scale equipment, such as a linear displacement sensor or a laser displacement meter, the detecting unit (the first detecting unit 52 and the second detecting unit 54) is simple in structure and conserves space. Moreover, the present invention enables tact to be measured at a low cost.
Further, according to the first embodiment, since output signals (light emission signals), which are output by the pre-existing first sensor 24 and second sensor 26, are detected, and tact is measured by the measurement unit 56 that is provided separately from the control unit 16 of the actuator driving device 10, there is no need for programs for the tact measurement to be added to the control unit 16 such as a PLC. Therefore, it is unnecessary to take preparations for adding programs (understanding the system for each line, preparing programs for each programming language used by the PLC, increasing the capacity of the storage unit for storing such programs, etc.). Accordingly, the burden imposed when tact measurement is carried out is reduced.
Further, the first detecting unit 52 and the second detecting unit 54 can be arranged detachably with respect to the actuator 12. Thus, when the actuator 12 is operated, the first detecting unit 52 and the second detecting unit 54 can be detached from the actuator 12. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the space surrounding the actuator 12 from becoming narrowed.
<Configuration of Tact Measurement Device 100>
As shown in
The first detecting unit 102 is a clamp meter. The first detecting unit (clamp meter) 102 comprises a first output signal detecting unit 108 that encloses the signal line 25 (clamping around the signal line 25), detects a first output signal output by the first sensor 24, and outputs a first detection signal, and a first detection signal output unit 110 that outputs to the measurement unit 106 the first detection signal that was output by the first output signal detecting unit 108.
Similarly, the second detecting unit 104 is a clamp meter. The second detecting unit (clamp meter) 104 comprises a second output signal detecting unit 112 that encloses the signal line 27, detects a second output signal output by the second sensor 26, and outputs a second detection signal, and a second detection signal output unit 114 that outputs to the measurement unit 106 the second detection signal that was output by the second output signal detecting unit 112.
When the first detecting unit (clamp meter) 102 is used, as shown in
The measurement unit 106 receives the first detection signal that is output by the first detecting unit 102 and the second detection signal that is output by the second detecting unit 104, and based on the first and second detection signals, the measurement unit 106 measures the time taken for the piston 20 of the actuator 12 to move from the one end 12a to the other end 12b of the movement range. More specifically, a time is measured from switching of the first detection signal from on to off, to switching of the second detection signal from off to on. Of course, the time taken for the piston 20 to move from the other end 12b to the one end 12a of the movement range can also be measured. The measurement unit 106 displays the measured time on a display unit 106a. Further, using the calculated tact time and the movement distance of the piston 20 that was input as a parameter, the measurement unit 106 can calculate an average movement velocity of the piston 20, and can display the calculation result on the display unit 106a.
Below, using
The process flow of the tact measurement process is substantially the same as in the first embodiment.
The second embodiment achieves the same advantageous effects as those of the first embodiment. More specifically, advantages are obtained in that measurement of tact is easily carried out, and the load incurred when measurement of tact is carried out is reduced. Further, the device is simple in structure and conserves space, tact measurement can be realized at a low cost, and operations of the actuator 12 are not hindered.
<Configuration of Tact Measurement Device 120>
As shown in
The detecting unit 122 is constituted from a camera equipped with an image sensor such as a CCD or a CMOS, etc., which captures an image of the first sensor 24 and the second sensor 26 that are disposed on the actuator 12. The detecting unit 122 captures first output signals (light emission signals) output by the light emitting body 28 of the first sensor 24 and second output signals (light emission signals) output by the light emitting body 30 of the second sensor 26, and outputs detection signals (image signals).
The measurement unit 124 receives the detection signals (image signals) that are output by the detecting unit 122, and based on the detection signals (image signals), the measurement unit 124 measures the time taken for the piston 20 of the actuator 12 to move from the one end 12a to the other end 12b of the movement range. More specifically, a time is measured from switching of the light emission signal output by the light emitting body 28 of the first sensor 24 from on to off, to switching of the light emission signal output by the light emitting body 30 of the second sensor 26 from off to on. Of course, the time taken for the piston 20 to move from the other end 12b to the one end 12a of the movement range can also be measured. The measurement unit 124 displays the measured time on a display unit 124a. Further, using the calculated tact time and the movement distance of the piston 20 that was input as a parameter, the measurement unit 124 can calculate an average movement velocity of the piston 20, and can display the calculation result on the display unit 124a.
An image processing device can be used as the measurement unit 124. In this case, in the image processing device, there are installed software that generates an image based on the image signals output from the detecting unit 122, software for recognizing from within the generated image the light emitting body 28 of the first sensor 24 and the light emitting body 30 of the second sensor 26, and software for discerning a change in the light emission signal that is output by the light emitting body 28 and a change in the light emission signal that is output by the light emitting body 30.
<Process Flow of Tact Measurement by Image Processing>
The process flow of the tact measurement process is substantially the same as in the first embodiment. However, according to the third embodiment, image processing is performed beforehand prior to the tact measurement.
In step S1, an image area 130 including the first sensor 24 and the second sensor 26 is captured by the detecting unit (camera) 122. An image signal that is generated by the detecting unit (camera) 122 is transmitted to the measurement unit (image processing device) 124. In step S2, within the measurement unit (image processing device) 124, sampling is carried out at a predetermined sampling time ΔT (=1/frame) that is set beforehand based on the image signals, and images 132 of the sampling time ΔT are generated as shown in
In the next step S4, measurement of tact is carried out. When the piston 20 begins to move from the one end 12a and then the magnet 22 is moved from within the magnetic detection region to outside of the magnetic detection region of the first sensor 24, the light emitting body 28 of the first sensor 24 changes from a light emitting state to a state of not emitting light. Such a condition occurs at time T2 shown in
As the piston 20 approaches the other end 12b and when the magnet 22 is moved from outside of the magnetic detection region to being within the magnetic detection region of the second sensor 26, the light emitting body 30 of the second sensor 26 changes from a non-light emitting state to a light emitting state. Such a condition occurs at time Tn shown in
In addition, in step S5, the measurement unit 124 calculates a time interval from the time T2 at which the tact measurement was started until the time Tn at which the tact measurement was stopped, and displays the calculation result as a tact time on the display unit 124a. Further, using the calculated tact time and the movement distance of the piston 20 that was input as a parameter, the measurement unit 124 can calculate an average movement velocity of the piston 20, and can display the calculation result on the display unit 124a.
The third embodiment achieves the same advantageous effects as those of the first embodiment. More specifically, advantages can be obtained, for example, in that the load incurred when measurement of tact is carried out can be reduced.
The present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. It goes without saying that various alternative or additional structures could be adopted therein without departing from the essential scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-139480 | Jul 2014 | JP | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5660567 | Nierlich | Aug 1997 | A |
| 8833149 | Zhao | Sep 2014 | B2 |
| 20020009568 | Bries | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20050008511 | Kim | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20090097040 | Robert | Apr 2009 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 2000-153432 | Jun 2000 | JP |
| 2004-11722 | Jan 2004 | JP |
| 2004-169887 | Jun 2004 | JP |
| 2005-242522 | Sep 2005 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| Office Action dated Apr. 11, 2017 in Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-139480 (with unedited computer generated English translation). |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160003640 A1 | Jan 2016 | US |
