Patent Grant
9978231
Many activities require secure electronic communications. To facilitate secure electronic communications, an encryption/decryption system may be implemented on an electronic assembly or printed circuit board assembly that is included in equipment connected to a communications network. Such an electronic assembly is an enticing target for malefactors since it may contain codes or keys to decrypt intercepted messages, or to encode fraudulent messages. To prevent this, an electronic assembly may be mounted in an enclosure, which is then wrapped in a security sensor and encapsulated with polyurethane resin. A security sensor may be, in one or more embodiments, a web or sheet of insulating material with circuit elements, such as closely-spaced, conductive lines fabricated on it. The circuit elements are disrupted if the sensor is torn, and the tear can be sensed in order to generate an alarm signal. The alarm signal may be conveyed to a monitor circuit in order to reveal an attack on the integrity of the assembly. The alarm signal may also trigger an erasure of encryption/decryption keys stored within the electronic assembly.
Provided herein, in one or more aspects, is an enhanced tamper-respondent assembly which includes an inner enclosure, at least one tamper-respondent sensor, at least one protective wrap, and an outer enclosure. The inner enclosure is sized to enclose at least one electronic component to be protected, and the at least one tamper-respondent sensor wraps around the inner enclosure. The at least one protective wrap overlies and wraps around the at least one tamper-respondent sensor and the inner enclosure. Together the inner enclosure, at least one tamper-respondent sensor and at least one protective wrap form, at least in part, a tamper-respondent subassembly. The outer enclosure receives, and surrounds, at least in part, the tamper-respondent subassembly, with the at least one tamper-respondent sensor and at least one protective wrap disposed between the inner enclosure and the outer enclosure.
In another aspect, a tamper-proof electronic package is provided which includes at least one electronic component to be protected, and a tamper-respondent assembly. The tamper-respondent assembly includes an inner enclosure, at least one tamper-respondent sensor, at least one protective wrap, and an outer enclosure. The inner enclosure surrounds and encloses, at least in part, the at least one electronic component, and the at least one tamper-respondent sensor wraps around and covers the inner enclosure. The at least one protective wrap overlies and wraps around the at least one tamper-respondent sensor and inner enclosure. Together the inner enclosure, at least one tamper-respondent sensor and at least one protective wrap form, at least in part, a tamper respondent subassembly. The outer enclosure receives, and surrounds, at least in part, the tamper-respondent subassembly, with the at least one tamper-respondent sensor and at least one protective wrap disposed between the inner enclosure and the outer enclosure.
In a further aspect, a method of fabricating a tamper-respondent assembly is provided, which includes: providing an inner enclosure sized to receive at least one electronic component to be protected; wrapping at least one tamper-respondent sensor around the inner enclosure; providing at least one protective wrap over the at least one tamper-respondent sensor and wrapping around the at least one tamper-respondent sensor and inner enclosure, wherein the inner enclosure, at least one tamper-respondent sensor and at least one protective wrap form, at least in part, a tamper-respondent subassembly; and providing an outer enclosure sized to receive, at least in part, the tamper-respondent subassembly, with the at least one tamper-respondent sensor and the at least one protective wrap disposed between the inner enclosure and the outer enclosure.
Additional features and advantages are realized through the techniques of the present invention. Other embodiments and aspects of the invention are described in detail herein and are considered a part of the claimed invention.
One or more aspects of the present invention are particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed as examples in the claims at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of the invention are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Aspects of the present invention and certain features, advantages, and details thereof, are explained more fully below with reference to the non-limiting example(s) illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Descriptions of well-known materials, fabrication tools, processing techniques, etc., are omitted so as not to unnecessarily obscure the invention in detail. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific example(s), while indicating aspects of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, and are not by way of limitation. Various substitutions, modifications, additions, and/or arrangements, within the spirit and/or scope of the underlying inventive concepts will be apparent to those skilled in the art for this disclosure. Note further that reference is made below to the drawings, which are not drawn to scale for ease of understanding, wherein the same reference numbers used throughout different figures designate the same or similar components. Also, note that numerous inventive aspects and features are disclosed herein, and unless otherwise inconsistent, each disclosed aspect or feature is combinable with any other disclosed aspect or feature as desired for a particular application, for establishing a secure volume about an electronic component or electronic assembly to be protected.
Reference is first made to
In one or more implementations, a tamper-proof electronic package such as depicted is configured or arranged to detect attempts to tamper-with or penetrate into electronic assembly enclosure 110. Accordingly, electronic assembly enclosure 110 may also include, for instance, a monitor circuit which, if tampering is detected, activates an erase circuit to erase information stored within the associated memory, as well as the encryption and/or decryption module within the communications card. These components may be mounted on, and interconnected by, a multi-layer circuit board, such as a printed circuit board or other multi-layer substrate, and be internally or externally powered via a power supply provided within the electronic assembly enclosure.
In the embodiment illustrated, and as one example only, electronic assembly enclosure 110 may be surrounded by a tamper-respondent sensor 120, an encapsulant 130, and an outer, thermally conductive enclosure 140. In one or more implementations, tamper-respondent sensor 120 may include a tamper-respondent laminate that is folded around electronic assembly enclosure 110, and encapsulant 130 may be provided in the form of a molding. Tamper-respondent sensor 120 may include various detection layers, which are monitored through, for instance, a ribbon cable by the enclosure monitor, against sudden violent attempts to penetrate enclosure 110 and damage the enclosure monitor or erase circuit, before information can be erased from the encryption module. The tamper-respondent sensor may be, for example, any such article commercially available or described in various publications and issued patents, or any enhanced article such as disclosed herein.
By way of example, tamper-respondent sensor 120 may be formed as a tamper-respondent laminate comprising a number of separate layers with, for instance, an outermost lamination-respondent layer including a matrix of, for example, diagonally-extending or conductive or semi-conductive lines printed onto a thin insulating film. The matrix of lines forms a number of continuous conductors which would be broken if attempts are made to penetrate the film. The lines may be formed, for instance, by printing carbon-loaded Polymer Thick Film (PTF) ink onto the film and selectively connecting the lines on each side, by conductive vias, near the edges of the film. Connections between the lines and an enclosure monitor of the communications card may be provided via, for instance, one or more ribbon cables. The ribbon cable itself may be formed of lines of conductive ink printed onto an extension of the film, if desired. Connections between the matrix and the ribbon cable may be made via connectors formed on the film. As noted, the laminate may be wrapped around the electronic assembly enclosure 110 to define the tamper-respondent sensor 120 surrounding the enclosure.
In one or more implementations, the various elements of the laminate may be adhered together and wrapped around enclosure 110, in a similar manner to gift-wrapping a parcel, to define the tamper-respondent sensor shape 120. The assembly may be placed in a mold which is then filled with, for instance, cold-pour polyurethane, and the polyurethane may be cured and hardened to form an encapsulant 130. The encapsulant may, in one or more embodiments, completely surround the tamper-respondent sensor 120 and enclosure 110, and thus form a complete environmental seal, protecting the interior of the enclosure. The hardened polyurethane is resilient and increases robustness of the electronic package in normal use. Outer, thermally conductive enclosure 140 may optionally be provided over encapsulant 130 to, for instance, provide further structural rigidity to the electronic package.
Note that, as an enhancement, within a sealed electronic package, such as the tamper-proof electronic package depicted in
Hollow spacers 213 may be placed below dimples 206 in top metal shell 204, and rivets 214 provided, extending through openings in dimples 206, through hollow spacers 213 and through openings in printed circuit board 210 to base metal shell 202 in order to fixedly secure electronic assembly 208 within the enclosure formed by base and top metal shells 202, 204. A security mesh or tamper-respondent sensor 216 is wrapped around the top, base, and four sides of the enclosure formed by base and top metal shells 202, 204. As illustrated, in one or more embodiments, top metal shell 204 may have an opening through which a bus 220 extends. One end of bus 220 may be connected to conductors (not shown) on printed circuit board 210, and the other end may be connected to conductors (not shown) on a printed circuit board 222. As bus 220 passes through the opening, the bus extends between an inner edge region 223 of the security mesh 216 and an overlapping, outer edge region 224 of the security mesh 216. A group of wires 226 connect, in one embodiment, security mesh 216 to conductors on printed circuit board 210. Circuitry on printed circuit board 210 is responsive to a break or discontinuity in security sensor array 216, in which case, an alarm signal may be emitted on bus 220, and also encryption/decryption keys stored within electronic assembly 208 may be erased.
In one or more implementations, liquid polyurethane resin may be applied to security mesh 216 and cured. An outer, thermally conductive enclosure 228, such as a copper enclosure, may be filled with liquid polyurethane resin with the electronic assembly and inner enclosure and security mesh suspended within it. Upon curing the resin, the electronic assembly and inner enclosure and security mesh become embedded in a polyurethane block or encapsulant 230, as shown. The enclosure 228 is mounted on the printed circuit board 222, which can be accomplished using, for instance, legs 240 which extend through slots in printed circuit board 222 and terminate in flanges 242, which are then bent out of alignment with the slots. Bus 220 may be connected, by way of printed circuit board 222 to connectors 244 located along, for instance, one edge of printed circuit board 222.
When considering tamper-proof packaging, the electronic package needs to maintain defined tamper-proof requirements, such as those set forth in the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) Publication FIPS 140-2, which is a U.S. Government Computer Security Standard, used as a reference to accredit cryptographic modules. The NIST FIPS 140-2 defines four levels of security, named Level 1 to Level 4, with Security Level 1 providing the lowest level of security, and Security Level 4 providing the highest level of security. At Security Level 4, physical security mechanisms are provided to establish a complete envelope of protection around the cryptographic module, with the intent of detecting and responding to any unauthorized attempt at physical access. Penetration of the cryptographic module enclosure from any direction has a very high probability of being detected, resulting in the immediate zeroization of all plain text critical security parameters (CSPs). Security Level 4 cryptographic modules are useful for operation in physically unprotected environments. Security Level 4 also protects a cryptographic module against a security compromise due to environmental conditions or fluctuations outside of the module's normal operating ranges for voltages and temperature. Intentional excursions beyond the normal operating ranges may be used by an attacker to thwart the cryptographic module's defenses. The cryptographic module is required to either include specialized environmental protection features designed to detect fluctuations and zeroize critical security parameters, or to undergo rigorous environmental failure testing to provide reasonable assurance that the module will not be affected by fluctuations outside of the normal operating range in a manner that can compromise the security of the module.
To address the demands of ever-improving anti-intrusion technology, and the higher-performance encryption/decryption functions being provided, enhancements to the tamper-proof, tamper-evident packaging for the electronic assembly at issue are desired. Numerous enhancements are described herein below to, for instance, tamper-respondent assemblies and tamper-respondent sensors. Note that the numerous inventive aspects described herein may be used singly, or in any desired combination. Additionally, in one or more implementations, the enhancements to tamper-proof electronic packaging described herein may be provided to work within defined space limitations for existing packages. For instance, one or more of the concepts described may be configured to work with peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) size limits, and the limitations resulting from being capsulated in, for instance, an insulating encapsulant.
Thus, disclosed herein below with reference to
As noted, as intrusion technology continues to evolve, anti-intrusion technology needs to continue to improve to stay ahead. In one or more implementations, the above-summarized tamper-respondent sensor 300 of
In one or more aspects, disclosed herein is a tamper-respondent sensor 300 with circuit lines 301 having reduced line widths Wl of, for instance, 200 μm, or less, such as less than or equal to 100 μm, or even more particularly, in the range of 30-70 μm. This is contrasted with conventional trace widths, which are typically on the order of 350 μm or larger. Commensurate with reducing the circuit line width Wl, line-to-line spacing width Ws 303 is also reduced to less than or equal to 200 μm, such as less than or equal to 100 μm, or for instance, in a range of 30-70 μm. Advantageously, by reducing the line width Wl and line-to-line spacing Ws of circuit lines 301 within tamper-respondent sensor 300, the circuit line width and pitch is on the same order of magnitude as the smallest intrusion instruments currently available, and therefore, any intrusion attempt will necessarily remove a sufficient amount of a circuit line(s) to cause resistance to change, and thereby the tamper intrusion to be detected. Note that, by making the circuit line width of the smaller dimensions disclosed herein, any cutting or damage to the smaller-dimensioned circuit line will also be more likely to be detected, that is, due to a greater change in resistance. For instance, if an intrusion attempt cuts a 100 μm width line, it is more likely to reduce the line width sufficiently to detect the intrusion by a change in resistance. A change in a narrower line width is more likely to result in a detectable change in resistance, compared with, for instance, a 50% reduction in a more conventional line width of 350 μm to, for instance, 175 μm. The smaller the conductive circuit line width becomes, the more likely that a tampering of that line will be detected.
Note also that a variety of materials may advantageously be employed to form the circuit lines. For instance, the circuit lines may be formed of a conductive ink (such as a carbon-loaded conductive ink) printed onto one or both opposite sides of one or more of the flexible layers 302 in a stack of such layers. Alternatively, a metal or metal alloy could be used to form the circuit lines, such as copper, silver, intrinsically conductive polymers, carbon ink or nickel-phosphorus (NiP), or Omega-Ply®, offered by Omega Technologies, Inc. of Culver City, Calif. (USA), or Ticer™ offered by Ticer Technologies, Chandler, Ariz. (USA). Note that the process employed to form the fine circuit lines or traces on the order described herein is dependent, in part, on the choice of material used for the circuit lines. For instance, if copper circuit lines are being fabricated, then additive processing, such as plating up copper traces, or subtractive processing, such as etching away unwanted copper between trace lines, may be employed. By way of further example, if conductive ink is employed as the circuit line material, fine circuit lines on the order disclosed herein can be achieved by focusing on the rheological properties of the conductive ink formulation. Further, rather than simple pneumatics of pushing conductive ink through an aperture in a stencil with a squeegee, the screen emulsion may be characterized as very thin (for instance, 150 to 200 μm), and a squeegee angle may be used such that the ink is sheared to achieve conductive ink breakaway rather than pumping the conductive ink through the screen apertures. Note that the screen for fine line width printing such as described herein may have the following characteristics in one specific embodiment: a fine polyester thread for both warp and weave on the order of 75 micrometers; a thread count between 250-320 threads per inch; a mesh thickness of, for instance, 150 micrometers; an open area between threads that is at least 1.5× to 2.0× the conductive ink particle size; and to maintain dimensional stability of the print, the screen snap-off is kept to a minimum due the screen strain during squeegee passage.
In one or more implementations, circuit lines 301 of tamper-respondent sensor 300 are electrically connected to define one or more resistive networks. Further, the circuit lines may include one or more resistive circuit lines by selecting the line material, line width Wl and line length Ll, to provide a desired resistance per line. As one example, a “resistive circuit line” as used herein may comprise a line with 1000 ohms resistance or greater, end-to-end. In one specific example, a circuit line width of 50 μm, with a circuit line thickness of 10 μm may be used, with the line length Ll and material selected to achieve the desired resistance. At the dimensions described, good electrical conductors such as copper or silver may also be employed and still form a resistive network due to the fine dimensions noted. Alternatively, materials such as conductive ink or the above-noted Omega-Ply® or Ticer™ may be used to define resistive circuit lines.
In a further aspect, the flexible layer 302 itself may be further reduced in thickness from a typical polyester layer by selecting a crystalline polymer to form the flexible layer or substrate. By way of example, the crystalline polymer could comprise polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF), or Kapton, or other crystalline polymer material. Advantageously, use of a crystalline polymer as the substrate film may reduce thickness of the flexible layer 302 to, for instance, 2 mils thick from a more conventional amorphous polyester layer of, for instance, 5-6 mils. A crystalline polymer can be made much thinner, while still maintaining structural integrity of the flexible substrate, which advantageously allows for far more folding, and greater reliability of the sensor after folding. Note that the radius of any fold or curvature of the sensor is necessarily constrained by the thickness of the layers comprising the sensor. Thus, by reducing the flexible layer thickness to, for instance, 2 mils, then in a four tamper-respondent layer stack, the stack thickness can be reduced from, for instance, 20 mils in the case of a typical polyester film, to 10 mils or less with the use of crystalline polymer films.
As noted, the circuit lines 301 forming the at least one resistive network may be disposed on either the first side or the second side of the opposite sides of the flexible layer(s) 302 within the tamper-respondent sensor 300, or on both the first and second sides. One embodiment of this depicted in
As illustrated in
An alternate tamper-respondent sensor 300′ is depicted in
In addition, or alternatively, the first circuit lines 301 of the first flexible layer may be formed of a first material, and the second circuit lines 301′ of the second flexible layer may be formed of a second material, where the first material of the first circuit lines 301 may be different from the second material of the second circuit lines 301′. For instance, first circuit lines 301 may be formed of conductive ink, and second circuit lines 301′ may be formed of a metal, such as copper. By providing tamper-respondent sensor 300′ with at least some of the circuit lines formed of a metal material, such as copper, enhanced tamper-detection may be obtained. For instance, an intrusion tool passing through one or more layers of circuit lines 301′ formed of a metal could generate debris which may be distributed during the intrusion attempt and result in shorting or otherwise damaging one or more other tamper-respondent layers within the tamper-respondent sensor 300′. If desired, more than two materials may be employed in more than one layers of circuit lines within the tamper-respondent sensor.
Based on the description provided herein, those skilled in the art will understand that the tamper-respondent sensors described above in connection with
By way of further enhancement, in one or more implementations, thermal dissipation enhancements to the tamper-proof electronic package are disclosed herein, which work (for example) with defined size limitations for existing packages. For instance, a thermally enhanced electronic package may need to work with peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) size limits, and the limitations resulting from being encapsulated in, for example, an insulating encapsulant.
Referring collectively to
In the embodiment illustrated, electronic system 401 includes a substrate 402, such as a printed circuit board, and a plurality of heat-dissipating components, such as a plurality of electronic components 405, 405′, 405″, with one or more electronic components 405′, 405″ of the plurality of electronic components being higher heat-flux-producing components, such as, for instance, processor modules 405′ and supporting memory modules 405″.
In the depicted embodiment, enclosure 410 includes a thermally conductive cover 412 overlying electronic system 401, and a base 414, such as a thermally conductive base, disposed beneath electronic system 401. A plurality of spacers or standoffs 415 are provided extending, for instance, through respective openings 403 in substrate 402 and engaging respective recesses 416 in base 414. The plurality of spacers 415 define a spacing between thermally conductive cover 412 and base 414, and also set the height of the inner main surface 413 of thermally conductive cover 412 over, for instance, respective upper surfaces of the electronic components 405, 405′, 405″, of electronic system 401. This height is set sufficient to accommodate all the differently sized components within the electronic system without the cover physically contacting any of the components to guard against applying undue pressure to the components, potentially damaging the highest component or electrical interconnects to, for instance, substrate 402.
In the embodiment depicted, thermally conductive cover 412 includes recessed edge regions 411 along an edge thereof, and an opening 417. Note that recessed edge regions 411 and opening 417 are for one embodiment only of enclosure 410, being provided, for instance, for a tamper-proof electronic package, where enclosure 410 is to be surrounded by, in part, one or more layers such that an airtight or sealed compartment is defined within electronic package 400, and more particularly, within enclosure 410. By way of example, recessed edge regions 411 may be provided to accommodate flexible ribbon cables 430, which may, for instance, electrically interconnect a tamper-respondent sensor (not shown) surrounding enclosure 410 to monitor circuitry within electronic system 401. Opening 417 may be provided to facilitate, for instance, electrical interconnection to one or more components or connectors associated with electronic system 401, with the opening being subsequently sealed about the cabling to provide, in one embodiment, an airtight enclosure about electronic system 401. In addition, note that in one or more embodiments, thermally conductive cover 412 may include one or more recessed regions 418 in inner main surface 413 thereof, configured and sized to accommodate, for instance, one or more cables (not shown) electrically connecting to one or more components of electronic system 401.
In one or more implementations, thermally conductive cover 412 of enclosure 410 may be formed of copper, brass, or aluminum, or alternatively, gold, diamond, graphite, graphene, beryllium oxide, etc., assuming that the desired high thermal conductivity is provided by the material. In one or more other embodiments, a metal alloy may be employed, or multiple layers of thermally conductive material could be used to define thermally conductive cover 412. Base 414 may comprise, in one or more implementations, a thermally conductive material as well, such as the above-noted materials of thermally conductive cover 412. In addition, base 414 may include sidewalls 419 facilitating defining enclosure 410 about electronic system 401, and more particularly, about the substrate and the plurality of electronic components thereof.
As illustrated, one or more heat transfer elements 420 may be provided extending from main surface 413 of thermally conductive cover 412. For instance, heat transfer elements 420 may be coupled to, or integrated with, thermally conductive cover 412 to provide heat conduction pathways from one or more electronic components 405′, 405″, to thermally conductive cover 412 of enclosure 410, to facilitate heat dissipation from the one or more electronic components, which in one example, may be higher heat-flux-dissipating components within the enclosure. By way of example, relatively large heat transfer elements 420′ may be provided, configured to and aligned over the higher heat-dissipating, electronic components 405′, with each heat transfer element 420′ being sized in one or more dimensions (for instance, in x-y dimensions) to correspond to the upper surface area and configuration of the respective electronic component 405′, over which the heat transfer element is disposed, and to which the heat transfer element 420′ couples via, for instance, a thermal interface material (TIM), such as a thermal interface pad or material offered by Parker Chomerics of Woburn, Mass., USA, a liquid dispense, thermally conductive material or gap pad, offered by the Bergquist Company, of Chanhassen, Minn., USA, or a phase change material, etc.
As depicted in
In one or more implementations, heat transfer elements 420, 420′, 420″ are provided sized to the particular electronic component or components, which they are configured to overlie. By way of example, heat transfer element 420″ is configured to overlie multiple heat-dissipating components 405″ to facilitate conductive transfer of heat from those components in parallel to thermally conductive cover 412. By way of further example, one or more heat transfer elements 420 may reside within recessed region 418 of thermally conductive over 412 and couple to one or more electronic components of the system lying beneath the recessed region 418 via the thermal interface material. As noted, the thickness of heat transfer elements, 420, 420′, 420″ may vary, depending upon the set spacing between the upper surfaces of the respective electronic components to which the heat transfer elements align, and main surface 413 of thermally conductive cover 412.
By way of additional enhancement,
In place of a poured resin, one or more protective wraps, such as one or more sheets of a solid, thermally conductive gap filler material may be employed with an adhesive securing, for instance, the protective wrap (s) about the tamper-respondent sensor(s) and inner enclosure. With this modification, significantly improved tamper-proof electronic packaging may be provided with improved thermal performance, allowing for increased electronic performance. Additionally, fabrication complexity is reduced as well. Advantageously, the enhanced tamper-respondent assemblies disclosed herein meet the requirements set forth in NIST document FIPS 140-2, level 4 for tamper-proof, tamper-evident technology for encryption cards. Further, the disclosed tamper-proof electronic packages, such as depicted in
Referring to
In one or more embodiments, tamper-respondent assembly 501 may include an inner enclosure 520 sized to receive the electronic component(s) 510 to be protected. By way of example, one or more implementations, inner enclosure 520 may be a thermally conductive, inner enclosure, and may comprise multiple housing elements, such as a base metal shell and a top metal plate or shell, such as in the above-described embodiments. In one specific example, thermally conductive inner enclosure 520 may be fabricated of copper, or other good thermally conductive metal.
Wrapped around inner enclosure 520 is one or more tamper-respondent sensor 530. In one or more implementations, tamper-respondent sensor(s) 530 is wrapped around inner enclosure 520 in a similar manner to gift-wrapping a parcel, with one or more regions of the tamper-respondent sensor overlapping 531 about inner enclosure 520. An adhesive 525 may be provided between tamper-respondent sensor(s) 530 and inner enclosure 520 to facilitate holding tamper-respondent sensor(s) in fixed position about inner enclosure 520. In one or more alternate implementations, no adhesive 525 may be employed between tamper-respondent sensor(s) 530 and inner enclosure 520, or may be employed only in selected regions between the tamper-respondent sensor(s) and inner enclosure.
As noted, as a thermal performance enhancement, one or more protective wraps or layers 540 are employed within tamper-respondent assembly 501 in place of, for instance, the above-described cured resin surrounding the tamper-respondent sensor and inner enclosure. By way of example, the protective wrap(s) 540 may comprise a flexible, thermally conductive sheet, layer, or pad, such as a layer of thermally conductive gap filler material. By way of specific example, protective wrap(s) 540 could comprise a layer of ThermaCool®, TC100, TC2006, TC 3006 or TC3008 provided by Stockwell Elastomerics, Inc., of Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A. Alternatively, the protective wrap (s) could comprise a thermally conductive sponge material, such as the R10404 material available from Stockwell Elastomerics. These exemplary materials provide good physical protection to the underlying tamper-respondent sensor(s) to prevent the tamper-respondent sensor, and in particular, the tamper-detect network of the sensor from being damaged by contact with, for instance, one or more surfaces of outer enclosure 550 of tamper-respondent assembly 501. By way of example, protective wrap(s) 540 may have an optimal thickness range of 0.1 to 3.0 mm.
As shown, protective wrap(s) 540 is wrapped around tamper-respondent sensor(s) 530 and inner enclosure 520. For instance, protective wrap 540 may be wrapped around tamper-respondent sensor(s) 530 in a similar manner to gift wrapping a parcel, and may include one or more regions of overlap 541. An adhesive 535 may be provided between tamper-respondent sensor(s) and protective wrap (s) 540 to secure the sensor and the wrap together. By way of example, adhesive 535 may be a thermally conductive adhesive, such as a thermally conductive thermoset material that is also chemically resistant to attack. For instance, 1-4173 thermally conductive adhesive offered by Dow Corning of Midland, Mich., U.S.A. may be used. Note in this regard that, in one or more other implementations, the tamper-respondent sensor(s) and overlaying protective wrap(s) could be pre-assembled together prior to wrapping about inner enclosure 520, that is, rather than being separately wrapped about the inner enclosure as illustrated. Together, the thermally conductive adhesive 535 and protective wrap 540 provide significantly greater thermal transferability than, for instance, the cured resin approach described above.
If desired, an additional adhesive layer 545 may be employed about protective wrap(s) 540 to adhere and provide good coupling of the protective wrap to one or more inner surfaces of outer enclosure 550. By way of example, outer enclosure 550 may comprise a thermally conductive, outer enclosure, and may be, for instance, an outer enclosure container and an outer enclosure cap, which together seal outer enclosure 550, for instance, about all six sides of the assembly in the exemplary embodiment of
As in the embodiment described above in connection with
As depicted in
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprise” (and any form of comprise, such as “comprises” and “comprising”), “have” (and any form of have, such as “has” and “having”), “include” (and any form of include, such as “includes” and “including”), and “contain” (and any form contain, such as “contains” and “containing”) are open-ended linking verbs. As a result, a method or device that “comprises”, “has”, “includes” or “contains” one or more steps or elements possesses those one or more steps or elements, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more steps or elements. Likewise, a step of a method or an element of a device that “comprises”, “has”, “includes” or “contains” one or more features possesses those one or more features, but is not limited to possessing only those one or more features. Furthermore, a device or structure that is configured in a certain way is configured in at least that way, but may also be configured in ways that are not listed.
The corresponding structures, materials, acts, and equivalents of all means or step plus function elements in the claims below, if any, are intended to include any structure, material, or act for performing the function in combination with other claimed elements as specifically claimed. The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of one or more aspects of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand one or more aspects of the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
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