Patent Grant
10711954
The present invention is generally directed to decorative lighting. More specifically, the present invention is directed to decorative lighting assemblies having a net-like structure.
Decorative lighting assemblies, and in particular net lights are traditionally assembled using elaborate patterns of interconnected wires and lights to form a particular desired shape or structure. Net lights, for example, often form rectangular or square outlines using zig-zag patterns of conductors powering incandescent or light-emitting diode (LED) lamps. The extensive lengths of wire conductors twisted together to form the desired shape or outline of such decorative assemblies results in a consumer product prone to tangling. Not only does such tangling of wires result in consumer frustration, but the untangling of the wires can result in wires being pulled from their connectors, resulting in potential safety hazards.
Further, from a manufacturing perspective, assembling net-like decorative lighting assemblies to achieve consistent appearances can be challenging.
A decorative lighting assembly comprises a first power wire electrically connected to a first power contact and a second power wire electrically connected to a second power contact. The first power wire and the second power wire cooperate to surround a display area of the decorative lighting assembly. A plurality of lamp assemblies are distributed across the display area. The plurality of lamp assemblies includes a first row of lamp assemblies aligned along a first line, a second row of lamp assemblies aligned along a second line, a third row of lamp assemblies aligned along a third line, and a fourth row of lamp assemblies aligned along a fourth line. A first cord is disposed along a first zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the first row with the lamp assemblies in the second row. A plurality of intermediate wires are disposed along a second zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the second row with the lamp assemblies in the third row. A second cord is disposed along a third zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the third row with the lamp assemblies in the fourth row.
The invention can be understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
A plurality of lamp assemblies 108 of decorative lighting assembly 100 may be inter-connected by wires to form one or more electrical circuits. A plurality of lamp assemblies 108 of decorative lighting assembly 100 may be mechanically coupled by cords which provide mechanical support. In some embodiments, the wires and the cords cooperate to form a net-like structure. In the embodiment of
Decorative lighting assembly 100 of
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In some embodiments of decorative lighting assembly 100, the intermediate wires 130 have a first outer diameter, the cords 136 have a second outer diameter, and the second outer diameter is substantially equal to the first outer diameter so that decorative lighting assembly 100 has a uniform appearance.
In some embodiments of decorative lighting assembly 100, the intermediate wires 130 comprise a plurality of conductor strands and an outer insulating layer adjacent to, and covering, one or more of the conductor strands. The cords 136 may comprise a solid strand. In some embodiments of decorative lighting assembly 100, the insulating layer of the intermediate wires 130 and the solid strand of the cords 136 comprise the same material so that the decorative lighting assembly has a uniform appearance. In some embodiments of decorative lighting assembly 100, the insulating layer of the intermediate wires 130 and the solid strand of the cords 136 are substantially the same color so that the decorative lighting assembly has a uniform appearance.
In some embodiments of decorative lighting assembly 100, the first power wire comprises 18 AWG wire, the second power wire comprises 18 AWG wire, and the intermediate wires comprise 22 AWG wire.
In some embodiments of decorative lighting assembly 100, the first power wire comprises 18 AWG wire, the second power wire comprises 18 AWG wire, and the intermediate wires comprise 22 AWG reinforced wire.
In some embodiments of decorative lighting assembly 100, the first power wire comprises 18 AWG wire, the second power wire comprises 18 AWG wire, and the intermediate wires comprise 25 AWG reinforced wire.
A plurality of lamp assemblies 308 of decorative lighting assembly 300 may be inter-connected by wires to form one or more electrical circuits. A plurality of lamp assemblies 308 of decorative lighting assembly 300 may be mechanically coupled by cords which provide mechanical support. In some embodiments, the wires and the cords cooperate to form a net-like structure. In the embodiment of
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In some embodiments, intermediate wires 330, first power wire 302 and second power wire 304 may comprise a reinforced wire such as the reinforced wire described in issued U.S. Pat. No. 9,243,788, which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. Reinforced wire is depicted in
Decorative lighting assembly 300 of
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A second cord 336B is disposed along a third zig-zag path 332C mechanically coupling the lamp assemblies 308 in the third row 320C with the lamp assemblies in the fourth row 320D in the embodiment of
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A second cord 336B is disposed along a third zig-zag path 332C mechanically coupling the lamp assemblies 308 in the third row 320C with the lamp assemblies in the fourth row 320D in the embodiment of
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Reinforced decorative-lighting wire 1100 may comprise a variety of sizes, resistances, and ampacities, and may be described in terms of electrically-equivalent wire gauge standards, e.g., 20 AWG (American Wire Gauge), 22 AWG, 24 AWG, etc. For example, in an embodiment, wire 1100 may comprise a conductive equivalent to a wire normally described as a 22 AWG wire having an equivalent cross sectional area of conductive copper of approximately 0.326 mm2 and having a typical resistance of approximately 52.96 ohms/km, though the overall diameter of the complete wire may be greater than a standard 22 AWG wire due to the additional reinforcing strands.
Reinforced decorative-lighting wire 1100 may also be described in terms of other equivalent wire standards, such as Underwriter's Laboratories Standard UL 62 insofar as it pertains to decorative-lighting wire, including standards directed to Type XTW or Type CXTW as typically used in decorative-lighting applications. For example, an embodiment of a reinforced decorative-lighting wire 1100 may be designed to include characteristics equivalent to selected characteristics of an 18, 20 22, 25, or 25 AWG CXTW wire, particularly conductive characteristics such as DC resistance per conductor strand, and insulative characteristics.
As depicted in
In an embodiment, and as depicted, reinforcing strand 1102 extends axially along a length of wire 1100, and along central wire Axis A, surrounded by, or adjacent to, conductor strands 1104. In an embodiment, reinforcing strand 1102 is generally located radially at a center of wire 1100.
Reinforcing strand 1102 may define a generally cylindrical shape defining a circular cross-sectional area, though the cross-sectional area may define other shapes, such as square, oval, rectangular, and so on. In other embodiments, and as will be described further below with respect to
In an embodiment, central reinforcing strand 1102 comprises one or more fibers or strands of fibrous reinforcing material. In the depicted embodiment, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises a single strand or fiber of reinforcing material. In other embodiments, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises multiple strands of reinforcing material that may comprise twisted strands, threads or fibers such that reinforcing strand 1102 comprises a yarn of multiple strands or fibers.
In the embodiment depicted, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises a single 1500 Denier fiber having an outside diameter of approximately 0.45 mm. In another embodiment, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises a fiber ranging from 500 Denier to 2500 Denier. In other embodiments, reinforcing strand 1102 may comprise a larger or smaller diameter and/or greater or lesser Denier fiber depending on the properties of the reinforcing material and desired reinforcing properties. In an embodiment, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises a single or multi-fiber strand sized to be within the range of 1000 to 1500 Denier. Reinforced wire 1100 with reinforcing strands 1102 comprising such a size may provide appropriate reinforcing strength for wires 1100 that most decorative lighting applications that would typically use an 118-24 AWG standard wire.
The reinforcing material of reinforcing strand 1102 may comprise a generally non-conductive or nonmetallic material, such as a plastic or polymer, including a polyester or polyethylene (PE) material. In one such embodiment, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) material. Other reinforcing materials may include, though will not be limited to, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), and so on. Reinforcing strand 1102 may consist entirely or substantially of a non-conductive or nonmetallic material, such as PET, though in some embodiments, reinforcing strand 1102 may comprise a composite material. Such a composite material may comprise a non-conductive material, such as PET, as well as some other conductive, partially-conductive, or other non-conductive material.
In an embodiment, and as depicted, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises a substantially solid structure in cross section (radially), as compared to a hollow core strand such as a pipe or other annular shape. Further, in an embodiment, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises the same material continuously along its axial length. In an embodiment, reinforcing strand 1102 may have a hardness that is less than a hardness of a conductor strand 1104. In an embodiment, reinforcing strand 1102 has a Rockwell hardness of R117.
In an embodiment, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises primarily a PET material, having a specific gravity ranging from 1380-1405 kg/m3, and a melting point of 200-250 degrees Celsius. In other embodiments, reinforcing strand 1102 comprises a polymer having a specific gravity that ranges from 1000-2000 kg/m3, and a melting point of 1150-300 degrees Celsius. Material in such a range may provide an appropriate balance of strength and flexibility for decorative light string applications. Further, as will be explained further below, such properties allow for deformation of reinforcing strand 1102 during the manufacturing assembly process.
In an embodiment, wherein reinforcing strand 1102 comprises primarily a PET material, strand 1102 comprises an elongation at break of 300%, or may comprise an elongation range of 200% to 400%, and a tensile strength of 55 MPa (7,977 psi). Herein, tensile strength refers to its ordinary meaning as understood in the field of conductive wires, including tensile strength being the maximum amount of stress that wire 1100 can withstand before failing or breaking, while being stretched or pulled axially along axis A (along a length of wire 1100) by opposing axial forces labeled F1 and F2 in
In another embodiment wherein strand 1102 comprises a PET material, an elongation property of strand 1102 ranges from 200% to 400%, and a tensile strength ranges from 45 to 65 MPa. In an embodiment, the elongation of strand 1102 may be less than an elongation of conductor strand 1104. In another embodiment, the elongation of a strand 1102 may be approximately the same as, or greater than, a conductor strand 1104. In an embodiment, the tensile strength of a strand 1102 may be less than the tensile strength of a conductor strand 1104. In another embodiment, the tensile strength may be approximately the same as, or greater than, a conductor strand 1104. In an embodiment, the elongation of a strand 1102 may be less than the overall elongation of reinforced wire 1100. In another embodiment, the elongation may be approximately the same as, or greater than, reinforced wire 1100. In an embodiment, the tensile strength of a strand 1102 may be less than the overall tensile strength of reinforced wire 1100. In another embodiment, the tensile strength may be approximately the same as, or greater than, reinforced wire 1100.
Conductor strands 1104 may comprise any number of known conductive materials, including metals and metal alloys, such as copper, aluminum, steel, nickel, aluminum, and so on. Embodiments of alloys may include copper aluminum alloy, copper steel alloy, and so on. In an embodiment, one or more conductor strands comprise soft-annealed copper strands, which may be uncoated, or in some embodiments, coated with tin. Conductor strands 1104 comprised of copper, including comprised primarily of copper, provide not only superior tensile strength, but also superior ductility properties as compared to conductor strands 1104 comprising other metals, such as aluminum. A relatively higher ductility deriving from the use of copper conductor strands 1104, in combination with a polymer reinforcing strand 1102, allows deformation, particularly elongation when wire 1100 is subjected to tensile stress. Such a feature provides advantages in decorative lighting. In contrast, stranded conductors commonly used in overhead power line applications typically rely on aluminum conductors having low ductility, resulting in low elongation. In such an application, sagging of the heavy power lines/conductors is a concern, and the desirable low ductility or inability to elongate, is an important consideration. On the other hand, in decorative lighting, the ability of a wire to deform or elongate (relatively high ductility, e.g., the ductility of copper) may be advantageous. For example, when subjected to a tensile stress or force, wire 1100 may elongate rather than break, thereby preventing exposure of conductor strands 1104, and preventing a potentially hazardous situation. Elongation properties of reinforced decorative lighting wire 1100 are discussed further below.
Further, properties of high tensile strength, flexibility, and the ability to stretch or elongate when subjected to axial pulling may be advantageous for reinforced wire 1100 when applied to a decorative lighting apparatus. Unlike cables and wires used in overhead power transmission applications, wires used in decorative lighting applications tend to be supported over much of their length. For example, decorative light strings applied to trees, such as Christmas trees, are generally affixed to the branches of the tree and are well supported, with only very short runs of wire that are unsupported. Conversely, in overhead power transmission applications, extremely long lengths of wire are unsupported between power poles. Consequently, the materials and properties of cables and wires for such power transmission applications may be significantly different than those of reinforced decorative lighting wire 1100 as described herein.
In addition to ductility, tensile strength of conductor strands 1104 and associated conductor layers 1106 and 1108, as well as overall tensile strength of reinforced wire 1100 remains a consideration. In an embodiment of reinforced wire 1100 comprising soft-annealed copper conductor strands 1104, a tensile strength of each copper strand 1104 will have a higher tensile strength, for example, ranging from 200-250 N/mm2, as compared to aluminum alloys, for example, 100 N/mm2. In an embodiment, each conductor strand 1104 has a tensile strength that is less than a tensile strength of reinforcing strand 1102. In one such embodiment, conductor strands 1104 comprise a copper material, and reinforcing strand 1102 comprises PET.
In an embodiment, each conductor strand 1104 comprises a continuous, solid-core strand, though the entire wire 1100 comprises a multi-stranded wire. In other embodiments, each conductor strand 1104 may comprise multiple, individual strands. In an embodiment, all strands have approximately the same average diameter.
In a stranded conductor embodiment of wire 1100, individual conductor strands comprise 27 to 36 AWG copper conductor strands. In an embodiment, conductor strands comprise 27 AWG strands. In an embodiment, conductor strands comprise copper strands having diameters measuring, on average, 0.16 mm (34 AWG, or 0.16 AS). In other embodiments, copper strands comprise other diameters, including strands that have average diameters of 0.16 mm, or average diameters of approximately 0.16 mm, such as 0.16 mm+/−10%. In another embodiment, average diameters of copper strands used in a single wire 1100 range from 0.15 mm to 0.16 mm, or in another embodiment 0.25 mm+/−10%. In decorative lighting applications, a relatively wide range or tolerance in strand diameter may be sufficient due to a common practice of operating decorative light strands at currents significantly below maximum safe ampacity limits. Conductor strands 1104 may comprise copper strands complying with ASTM B 3-90 standards.
Conductor strands 1104 extend axially along Axis A, and may or may not be twisted about reinforcing strand 1102 or other conductor strands 1104.
Conductor strands 1104 may generally be cylindrical, presenting a generally circular cross section, though in other embodiments, each strand 1104 may present other cross-sectional shapes.
The number of conductor strands 1104 may vary based on a combination of factors, including desired conductive properties, and mechanical design characteristics. For example, for a 22 AWG equivalent wire, which in the decorative lighting industry may typically comprise 116 copper strands, reinforced decorative-lighting wire 1100 may also comprise 116 conductor strands. In another embodiment reinforced wire 1100 may be equivalent to 25 AWG in its current-carrying capability (maximum of 0.73 A), and may comprise 8 conductor strands, which in an embodiment comprises (8) 0.16 mm diameter strands. In other embodiments of 25 AWG equivalent wire, reinforced wire 1100 may include 8-10 conductor strands 1104; in an embodiment, each conductor strand 1104 may have a diameter averaging 0.16 mm, or alternatively, 0.157-0.154 mm.
In other embodiments of wire 1100, which in an embodiment may comprise 24 AWG equivalent wire, reinforced wire 1100 may include 8 conductor strands 1104; in an embodiment, each conductor strand 1104 may have a diameter averaging 0.16 mm, or alternatively, 0.157-0.154 mm.
In embodiments, the above configurations of strands 1104 may be combined with polymer reinforcing strands 1102 sized to fall within a range of 1000 to 1500 Denier.
The number of conductor strands 1104 may be greater or fewer than that of an equivalent wire having similar conductive properties, though it will be understood that particular embodiments of wire 1100 are intended to match the electrical or conductive properties of equivalent standard wires described by the American Wire Gauge standard, e.g., 22 AWG wire, such that even if the number of strands is not equal to the number of strands in an equivalent standard wire, the size of each conductor strand 1104 will be increased or decreased to maintain electrical equivalence. An embodiment of a reinforced decorative wire 1100 having electrical properties similar or equivalent to a 22 AWG wire will be described below to further clarify and emphasize the above.
Referring also to
Strands 1104 extend axially along Axis A and in an embodiment, are twisted about reinforcing strand 1102. As depicted, strands 1104 are helically twisted about reinforcing strand 1102 in a counter-clockwise direction, though in other embodiments, strands 1104 may be twisted or wrapped about reinforcing wire 1102 in a clockwise direction.
Central axes of conductor strands 1104 are depicted in
The twist or “pitch” of conductor strands 1104 may be defined by a “length of lay”, or the length of conductor strand 1104 required to turn a full rotation, or turn 360 degrees. As compared to standard gauge wire having equivalent electrical properties, wire 1100 of the claimed invention may have lesser lengths of lay when the same number of conductor strands 1104 are used. For example, in an embodiment of a 22 AWG equivalent wire, a length of lay of a conductor strand 1104 of first layer 1108 is approximately 118.5 mm, as compared to approximately 32 mm for an equivalent standard 22 AWG wire commonly used for decorative lighting. The additional twists per unit of length, or decreased length of lay provides axial reinforcing strength in addition to the reinforcing strength added by reinforcing strands 1102.
Furthermore, the shorter length of lay may allow further stretching and elongation of wire 1100 without breakage when subjected to axial opposing forces, such as F1 and F2 as depicted in
In an embodiment, conductor strands 1104 of layer 1108 each have an approximately equal length of lay, though in other embodiments, including some described further below, conductor strands 1104 may have different lengths of lay.
Additionally, unlike typical wires used in decorative lighting that comprise only conductive strands, i.e., no reinforcing strand, the use of one or more reinforcing strands 1102 in wire 1100 may allow for some slight radial compression of strands 1102 by conductor strands 1104 when wire 1100 is subjected to axial forces. This provides the added advantage of allowing wire 1100 to elongate even further than a typical decorative lighting wire of a similar wire gauge and ampacity.
Second conductor layer 1110 is formed on first conductor layer 1108, and also comprises a plurality of conductor strands 1104. In an embodiment, and as depicted, second conductor layer 1110 comprises eleven conductor strands 1104. In other embodiments, second conductor layer 1110 comprises more or fewer strands 1104. In an embodiment, the number of conductor strands 1104 in second layer 1110 ranges from four strands to 30 strands.
Strands 1104 extend axially along Axis A, and are adjacent strands 1104 of first layer 1108. In an embodiment, strands 1104 of second layer 1110 are adjacent to, and twisted about first layer 1108. As depicted, strands 1104 are twisted about layer 1108 and its strands 1104 in a counter-clockwise direction. As such, in an embodiment, conductor strands 1104 of second conductor layer 1110 twists in the same direction as the direction that conductor strands 1104 of second conductor layer 1108 twist. In other embodiments, strands 1104 may be twisted over layer 1108 in a clockwise direction, and may twist in a direction opposite to a twist direction of first conductor layer 1110. Strands 1104 forming conductor layer 1108 generally are positioned adjacent one another.
In an embodiment, conductor strands 1104 of layer 1110 each have an approximately equal length of lay, though in other embodiments, including some described further below, conductor strands 1104 may have different lengths of lay.
Insulating layer (or jacket) 1106 wraps about second conductive layer 1110, covering and insulating conductor strands 1104 and reinforcing strand 1102. Insulating layer 1106 may comprise any of a variety of known insulating materials, including polymers such as PVC, PE, thermoplastics, and so on. In addition to providing insulative properties, insulating layer 1106 may add mechanical strength through its other properties. In an embodiment, insulating layer 1106 has a minimum elongation percentage of 150%. In an embodiment, insulating layer 1106 comprises a polymer having a composition different than the polymer comprising reinforcing strand 1102.
Referring still to
Each conductive strand 1104 defines an approximately 0.16 mm diameter, circular or round wire, such that the equivalent cross-sectional area of the conductive portion of wire 1100 is approximately the same as a standard 22 AWG wire, also denoted as 116/0.16 AS, meaning 116 strands of 0.16 mm diameter conductor strands. In this embodiment, the resistivity ranges from 54 to 57 ohms/km. In an embodiment, the resistivity is 56.8 ohms/km or less. In an embodiment, the resistivity is substantially 55 ohms/km.
The length of lay, sometimes referred to as lay of strand, of each conductor strand 1104 of first layer 1108, in an embodiment is 32 mm or less. In an embodiment, the length of lay of conductor strand 1104 of first layer 1108 ranges from 15 mm to 25 mm. In an embodiment, the length of lay of conductor strands 1104 of first layer 1108 is approximately 18.5 mm. In an embodiment the length of lay of all conductor strands 1104 of first layer 1108 are approximately the same. In an embodiment, a lineal length of each strand per unit length is within 5% of an average lineal length (note: the lineal length of a strand will be longer than a unit length due to the helical twisting of a wire, e.g., a 1 foot length of wire 1100 will include strands 1104 having lineal lengths longer than 1 ft. In other embodiments, the lineal length of individual strands 1104 may vary more substantially per unit length of wire 1100, particularly when lengths of lay of individual strands 1104 are allowed to vary from strand to strand.
The length of lay of conductor strands 1104 of second conductive layer 1110 may be the same as conductor strands 1104 of first conductor layer 1108, or in some embodiments, may be different. In an embodiment a length of lay of conductor strands 1104 of second layer 1110 is 32 mm or less. In an embodiment, the length of lay of conductor strand 1104 of second layer 1110 ranges from 15 mm to 25 mm. In an embodiment, the length of lay of conductor strands 1104 of second layer 1110 is substantially 18.5 mm. In an embodiment, lengths of lay of conductor strands 1104 of both layers 1108 and 1110 are, on average, approximately 18.5 mm. In an embodiment, the direction of twisting is the same, as depicted in
In an embodiment, including an embodiment of 22 AWG reinforced wire 1100, insulation layer 1106, comprising primarily PVC material, has a minimum thickness of 0.69 mm. In an embodiment, insulation 1106 comprises a thickness ranging from 0.69 mm to 1.0 mm. In an embodiment, an average thickness of insulating layer 1106 has an average thickness of 0.76 mm or greater. In one such embodiment, insulating layer 1106 has an average thickness of 0.84. In an embodiment insulating layer 1106 has an insulation resistance of at least 225 MΩ/Kft.
In an embodiment, the overall diameter of wire 1100 in 22 AWG ranges from 2.40 to 2.70 mm. In an embodiment, an average overall diameter is approximately 2.6 mm; in an embodiment, an average overall wire 1100 diameter is 101 mil.
With respect to elongation, in an embodiment, wire 1100 has an elongation of 150% or greater. In an embodiment, the elongation of wire 1100 ranges from 150% to 400%. In one embodiment, wire 1100 exhibits 300% elongation, significantly longer than standard, all-copper multi-stranded 22 AWG CXTW wire.
With respect to tensile strength, embodiments of wire 1100 have an improved tensile strength, which in one embodiment includes a tensile strength of 1,500 PSI or greater. In an embodiment, the tensile strength ranges from 1,500 PSI to 4,000 PSI, in another embodiment, the tensile strength ranges from 2,500 to 3,500 PSI. Such a range may provide sufficient strength for various decorative lighting applications, including trees, net lights, sculptures, and so on. In some applications where wires are affixed tightly to supporting structure, such as trees of metal frames, a required tensile strength may be on the lower end of the range, while wires of light strings that are not affixed to, or are less supported, may require higher tensile strength due to possible pulling or yanking by a user.
Another method of describing and measuring “strength” of a wire, including a reinforced wire 1100, and as commonly used in decorative lighting is to measure an axially-applied pulling force required to cause the wire to begin to break, such that an outer insulation shows breakage, or an inner conductor shows breakage. In an embodiment, reinforced wire 1100 may withstand axial pulling forces of various ranges depending on the particular reinforced wire 1100 configuration.
In an embodiment, reinforced wire 1100 may withstand a minimum axially-applied pulling force ranging from 22 lbf to 46 lbf. In one such embodiment, reinforced wire 1100 comprises an ampacity equivalent to a 22 AWG wire, and can withstand a minimum 22.4 lbf without breaking; in another embodiment, reinforced wire 1100 comprises an ampacity equivalent to a 20 AWG wire, and can withstand a minimum 30 lbf without breaking; in another embodiment, reinforced wire 1100 comprises an ampacity equivalent to a 18 AWG wire, and can withstand a minimum 46 lbf without breaking.
In another embodiment, reinforced wire 1100 comprises 7-10 conductor strands 1104 defining a range of minimum axial pulling force ranging from 22.4 lbf to 46 lbf. In one such embodiment, reinforced wire 1100 comprises 8 conductor strands and has a minimum axial pulling force at breakage of 46 lbf; in one such embodiment, each conductor strand 1104 may have an average diameter in the range of 0.15 mm to 0.17 mm; alternatively, each conductor strand 1104 may have an average diameter of 0.154 mm to 0.157 mm. Such ranges accommodate expected current flows in various decorative lighting applications, while offering substantial overall tensile strength.
In an embodiment, wire 1100 includes a 1500 Denier PET reinforcing strand 1102 extending axially along Axis A, 16 copper conductor strands of 0.16 mm average diameter (5 first layer 1108 strands and 11 second layer 1110 strands) having a 55 Ω/km resistivity, and insulating layer 1106 of PVC material. In one such embodiment, elongation is greater than 300% (in an embodiment is 306%), with a tensile strength of 2800 PSI, requiring a force of approximately 21 kg to break. Such a wire may be used as a substitute for standard 22 AWG wire, including 22 AWG CXTW wire for improved decorative-lighting applications.
Referring to
As described above, embodiments of wire 1100 are not limited to the 1-5-11 configuration described above (1 reinforcing strand 1102, 5 first layer conductors 1105 and 11 second layer conductors 1110).
Although embodiments of reinforced wire 1100 may comprise multi-layer conductor strand embodiments, such as those depicted in
Referring to
In an embodiment, fewer than three strands 1102, namely two strands may be used. In other embodiments, greater than three strands 1102 may be used.
In an embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the three reinforcing strands 1102a, 1102b, and 1102c is equivalent to the 1500 Denier strand described above with respect to the embodiment of
Referring to
As depicted, first conductor layer 1108 actually includes a single, central conductor 1104a surrounded by four outer conductors 1104b, 1104c, 1104d, and 1104e. Between each outer conductor 1104b, 1104c, 1104d and 1104f is a reinforcing strand 1102. Second conductor layer 1110 is adjacent both the four conductors 1104b-e, and the four reinforcing strands 1102.
Embodiments of the invention are not intended to be limited to the specific patterns and structures depicted in
As described above, embodiments of the disclosure include a number of decorative lighting assemblies that are tangle resistant and easier to manufacture as compared to known decorative lighting structures. Various embodiments include, but are not limited to the following embodiments:
A decorative lighting assembly, comprising:
a first power wire electrically connected to a first power contact;
a second power wire electrically connected to a second power contact;
the first power wire and the second power wire cooperating to surround a display area of the decorative lighting assembly;
a plurality of lamp assemblies distributed across the display area, the plurality of lamp assemblies including a first row of lamp assemblies aligned along a first line, a second row of lamp assemblies aligned along a second line, a third row of lamp assemblies aligned along a third line, and a fourth row of lamp assemblies aligned along a fourth line;
a first cord disposed along a first zig-zag path mechanically coupling the lamp assemblies in the first row with the lamp assemblies in the second row;
a plurality of intermediate wires disposed along a second zig-zag path mechanically coupling and electrically connecting the lamp assemblies in the second row with the lamp assemblies in the third row; and
a second cord disposed along a third zig-zag path mechanically coupling the lamp assemblies in the third row with the lamp assemblies in the fourth row.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein the display area has a shape generally corresponding to a four-sided polygon.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 2, wherein the shape of the display area generally corresponds to a rectangle having a first long side, a second long side, a first short side, and a second short side.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 3, wherein:
the first power wire defines the first short side and the first long side of the rectangle; and the second power wire defines the second short side and the second long side of the rectangle.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, further comprising a fifth row of lamp assemblies aligned along a fifth line and a plurality of intermediate wires disposed along a zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the fourth row with the lamp assemblies in the fifth row.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, further comprising a zeroth row of lamp assemblies aligned along a zeroth line and a plurality of intermediate wires disposed along a zeroth zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the zeroth row with the lamp assemblies in the first row.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, further comprising a first connector that mechanically couples a first end of a cord to the first power wire and a second connector that mechanically couples a second end of the cord to the second power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 7, wherein the first connector forms an electrical connection between two portions of the first power wire and the second connector forms an electrical connection between two portions of the second power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein the first power wire and the second power wire comprise reinforced wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 9, wherein the intermediate wires comprise reinforced wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 10, wherein the reinforced wire comprises:
a longitudinally-extending reinforcing strand, the reinforcing strand comprising one or more fibers comprising a polymer material;
a plurality of conductor strands wound about the reinforcing strand; and
an outer insulating layer adjacent to, and covering, one or more of the conductor strands.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein:
the first power wire comprises 18 AWG wire;
the second power wire comprises 18 AWG wire; and
the intermediate wires comprise 22 AWG wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein:
the first power wire comprises 18 AWG wire;
the second power wire comprises 18 AWG wire; and
the intermediate wires comprise 22 AWG reinforced wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein:
the first power wire comprises 18 AWG wire;
the second power wire comprises 18 AWG wire; and
the intermediate wires comprise 25 AWG reinforced wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein:
the intermediate wires have a first outer diameter;
the at least one cord has a second outer diameter; and
the second outer diameter is substantially equal to the first outer diameter so that the decorative lighting assembly has a uniform appearance.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein:
the intermediate wires comprise a plurality of conductor strands and an outer insulating layer adjacent to, and covering, one or more of the conductor strands;
the at least one cord comprises a solid strand; and
the insulating layer of the intermediate wires and the solid strand comprise the same material so that the decorative lighting assembly has a uniform appearance.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein:
the intermediate wires comprise a plurality of conductor strands and an outer insulating layer adjacent to, and covering, one or more of the conductor strands;
the at least one cord comprises a solid strand; and
the insulating layer of the intermediate wires and the solid strand are substantially the same color so that the decorative lighting assembly has a uniform appearance.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein a first series circuit of the decorative lighting assembly comprises:
a first lamp assembly electrically connected to the first power wire;
an nth lamp assembly connected to the second power wire; and
a plurality of intermediate lamp assemblies electrically connected in series between the first lamp assembly and the nth lamp assembly.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 18, further comprising a first connector electrically connecting a first end of the series circuit to the first power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 19, further comprising a second connector electrically connecting a second end of the series circuit to the second power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 20, wherein the second connector mechanically couples one end of a cord to the second power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 21, wherein the first series circuit follows a winding path between the first connector and the second connector so that the lamp assemblies are distributed across a portion of the display area.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 22, wherein the winding path of the first series circuit comprises the plurality of intermediate wires disposed along the first zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the first row with the lamp assemblies in the second row.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 23, wherein at least one cord extends between pairs of lamp assemblies that are adjacent to one another physically and are not adjacent to one another in the first series circuit.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein the at least one cord forms a connection with each of the lamp assemblies in the second row, each connection comprising a portion of the at least one cord extending through a loop.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein a loop of wire is fixed to each of the lamp assemblies in the second row and the at least one cord extends through the loop of wire fixed to each of the lamp assemblies in the second row.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 1, wherein the at least one cord forms a connection with each of the lamp assemblies in the second row, each connection comprising a tortuous path defined by each lamp assembly and a portion of the at least one cord extending through the tortuous path.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 25, wherein the portion of the at least one cord extends through a first eye defined by a lamp holder of each lamp assembly and a second eye defined by a lamp holder of each lamp assembly.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 26, wherein a bight of the portion of the at least one cord extends along an outer surface of the lamp holder between the first eye and the second eye.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 27, wherein the portion of the at least one cord includes a first bend disposed between the first eye and the bight.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 27, wherein the portion of the at least one cord includes a second bend disposed between the second eye and the bight.
A decorative lighting assembly, comprising:
a first power wire electrically connected to a first power contact;
a second power wire electrically connected to a second power contact;
the first power wire and the second power wire cooperating to surround a display area of the decorative lighting assembly;
a plurality of lamp assemblies distributed across the display area, the plurality of lamp assemblies including a first column of lamp assemblies aligned along a first line, a second column of lamp assemblies aligned along a second line, a third column of lamp assemblies aligned along a third line, and a fourth column of lamp assemblies aligned along a fourth line;
a plurality of intermediate wires disposed along a first zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the first column with the lamp assemblies in the second column;
at least one cord disposed along a second zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the second column with the lamp assemblies in the third column; and
a plurality of intermediate wires disposed along a third zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the third column with the lamp assemblies in the fourth column.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, wherein the display area has a shape generally corresponding to a four-sided polygon.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 32, wherein the shape of the display area generally corresponds to a rectangle having a first long side, a second long side, a first short side, and a second short side.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 33, wherein:
the first power wire defines the first short side, the first long side, and the second short side of the rectangle; and
the second power wire defines the second long side of the rectangle.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, further comprising a fifth column of lamp assemblies aligned along a fifth line; and
wherein the at least one cord is disposed along a fourth zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the fourth column with the lamp assemblies in the fifth column.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 35, wherein the at least one cord comprises a single cord that extends through both the first zig-zag path and the fourth zig-zag path.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 36, further comprising a first fastener that mechanically couples a first end of the single cord and a second end of the single cord to the first power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 37, wherein the first power wire extends through a passageway defined by the first fastener.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 36, further comprising a bushing that mechanically couples an intermediate portion of the single cord to the second power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 39, wherein the single cord and the second power wire extend through a passageway defined by the bushing.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 36, wherein the single cord extends through a passageway defined by a clip of each lamp assembly in the second column and each lamp assembly in the third column.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 35, further comprising:
a first top-most intermediate wire that extends between a top-most lamp assembly in the first column and a top-most lamp assembly in the third column; and
a bushing that mechanically couples an intermediate portion of the first top-most intermediate wire to the second power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, wherein the first power wire and the second power wire comprise reinforced wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 43, wherein the intermediate wires comprise reinforced wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 44, wherein the reinforced wire comprises:
a longitudinally-extending reinforcing strand, the reinforcing strand comprising one or more fibers comprising a polymer material;
a plurality of conductor strands wound about the reinforcing strand; and
an outer insulating layer adjacent to, and covering, one or more of the conductor strands.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, wherein:
the first power wire comprises 18 AWG wire;
the second power wire comprises 18 AWG wire; and
the intermediate wires comprise 22 AWG wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, wherein:
the first power wire comprises 18 AWG wire;
the second power wire comprises 18 AWG wire; and
the intermediate wires comprise 22 AWG reinforced wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, wherein:
the first power wire comprises 18 AWG wire;
the second power wire comprises 18 AWG wire; and
the intermediate wires comprise 25 AWG reinforced wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, wherein:
the intermediate wires have a first outer diameter;
the at least one cord has a second outer diameter; and
the second outer diameter is substantially equal to the first outer diameter so that the decorative lighting assembly has a uniform appearance.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, wherein:
the intermediate wires comprise a plurality of conductor strands and an outer insulating layer adjacent to, and covering, one or more of the conductor strands;
the at least one cord comprises a solid strand; and
the insulating layer of the intermediate wires and the solid strand comprise the same material so that the decorative lighting assembly has a uniform appearance.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, wherein:
the intermediate wires comprise a plurality of conductor strands and an outer insulating layer adjacent to, and covering, one or more of the conductor strands;
the at least one cord comprises a solid strand; and
the insulating layer of the intermediate wires and the solid strand are substantially the same color so that the decorative lighting assembly has a uniform appearance.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 31, wherein a first series circuit of the decorative lighting assembly comprises:
a first lamp assembly electrically connected to the first power wire;
an nth lamp assembly connected to the second power wire; and
a plurality of intermediate lamp assemblies electrically connected in series between the first lamp assembly and the nth lamp assembly.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 52, further comprising a first connector electrically connecting a first end of the series circuit to the first power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 53, further comprising a second connector electrically connecting a second end of the series circuit to the second power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 54, wherein the second connector mechanically couples one end of a third cord to the second power wire.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 55, wherein the first series circuit follows a winding path between the first connector and the second connector so that the lamp assemblies are distributed across the display area.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 56, wherein the winding path of the first series circuit includes:
the plurality of intermediate wires disposed along the first zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the first column with the lamp assemblies in the second column; and
the plurality of intermediate wires disposed along the third zig-zag path connecting the lamp assemblies in the third column with the lamp assemblies in the fourth column.
The decorative lighting assembly of Embodiment 52, wherein the at least one cord extends between pairs of lamp assemblies that are adjacent to one another physically and are not adjacent to one another in the first series circuit.
The embodiments above are intended to be illustrative and not limiting. Additional embodiments are within the claims. In addition, although aspects of the present invention have been described with reference to particular embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes can be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined by the claims.
Persons of ordinary skill in the relevant arts will recognize that the invention may comprise fewer features than illustrated in any individual embodiment described above. The embodiments described herein are not meant to be an exhaustive presentation of the ways in which the various features of the invention may be combined. Accordingly, the embodiments are not mutually exclusive combinations of features; rather, the invention may comprise a combination of different individual features selected from different individual embodiments, as understood by persons of ordinary skill in the art.
Any incorporation by reference of documents above is limited such that no subject matter is incorporated that is contrary to the explicit disclosure herein. Any incorporation by reference of documents above is further limited such that no claims included in the documents are incorporated by reference herein. Any incorporation by reference of documents above is yet further limited such that any definitions provided in the documents are not incorporated by reference herein unless expressly included herein.
For purposes of interpreting the claims for the present invention, it is expressly intended that the provisions of Section 112, sixth paragraph of 35 U.S.C. are not to be invoked unless the specific terms “means for” or “step for” are recited in a claim.
The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/333,535, filed Oct. 25, 2016, entitled TANGLE-RESISTANT DECORATIVE LIGHTING ASSEMBLY, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/246,423, filed Oct. 26, 2015, entitled TANGLE-RESISTANT DECORATIVE LIGHTING ASSEMBLY, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
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| 20190285232 A1 | Sep 2019 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62246423 | Oct 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 15333535 | Oct 2016 | US |
| Child | 16368681 | US |
