Patent Application
20180119696
The present invention generally relates to air compressor systems having a refrigerated dryer, and more particularly, but not exclusively, to harvesting condensate from a compressed air stream of the air compressor system using the refrigerated dryer.
Providing condensate harvesting for air compressor systems remains an area of interest. Some existing systems have various shortcomings relative to certain applications. Accordingly, there remains a need for further contributions in this area of technology.
One embodiment of the present invention is a unique condensate harvester used with a refrigerated dryer for a compressor system. Other embodiments include apparatuses, systems, devices, hardware, methods, and combinations for harvesting condensate. Further embodiments, forms, features, aspects, benefits, and advantages of the present application shall become apparent from the description and figures provided herewith.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the described embodiments, and any further applications of the principles of the invention as described herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
With reference to
The gas compressor 102 can take many forms including a positive displacement compressor, rotary compressor, etc. Any variety of gas compressors 102 are contemplated herein, such as rotary screw compressors, centrifugal compressors, etc. The compressor 102 is capable of compressing any variety of fluids, with air being just one nonlimiting example. In one form the air that is compressed by compressor 102 includes water vapor, such as might be expected to occur in elevated humidity locations.
The compressor system 100 can include an air to air heat exchanger 108 used to exchange air between an uncooled compressed air stream from the compressor 102, and the compressed air stream from the compressor 102 after it has been cooled by the refrigerated dryer 106. Not all embodiments need include the air to air heat exchanger 108. In those embodiments, compressed air from the compressor 102 can be passed to the refrigerated dryer 106 and then direct to an end user.
The refrigerated dryer 106 includes an evaporator 110, refrigerant compressor 112, and a condenser 114. The refrigerated dryer 106 can also include an expansion valve 116 and a hot gas bypass valve 118. The expansion valve 116 is used to rapidly expand (and thus cool) refrigerant and can be part of the evaporator in some embodiments, but not all embodiments need include the expansion valve 116. Not all embodiments of the refrigerated dryer need include the hot gas bypass valve 118.
The evaporator 110 can be any suitable device operable to absorb heat from a surrounding component/fluid, etc. As suggested above, the evaporator 110 can integrate the expansion valve 116 and in general is structured as a heat exchanger to exchange heat between a cooled refrigeration fluid and a passing flow stream (such as the wet compressed air flow stream produced by operation of the compressor 102). Various constructions of the evaporator 110 are contemplated in which refrigeration fluid is in thermal communication with the wet compressed gas. For example, the evaporator 110 can include a surface that is directly contacted by the passing flow stream of wet compressed gas such that thermal energy is exchanged directly between the refrigeration fluid and the wet compressed gas. But in other forms the evaporator 110 can be structured to include intermediate thermally conductive structure between the evaporator 110 and the wet compressed gas such that thermal energy is exchanged via the intermediate structure. In either event, the evaporator 110 is used to elevate the temperature of the refrigeration fluid while cooling the temperature of the wet compressed gas.
The refrigerant compressor 112 is any suitable compressor that can elevate the pressure of refrigeration fluid for purposes of flowing the fluid through and participating in the refrigeration cycle. Any suitable type of compressor is contemplated that is capable of producing sufficient pressure and flow rate of refrigeration fluid in the cycle. As used herein, and unless indicated to the contrary, use of the term compressor is intended to cover all devices that serve to elevate the pressure of the refrigeration fluid and provide a motive force to encourage flow of the refrigeration fluid throughout the closed cycle of the refrigerated dryer
The condenser 114 is any suitable device capable of cooling the refrigeration fluid in the refrigerated dryer 106. In one non-limiting form the condenser 114 is an air cooled condenser in which local ambient air, or a flow stream of local ambient air, is used to exchange heat with the high temperature refrigeration fluid flowing through the condenser 114.
The compressor system 100 further includes a condensate harvester 120 for collecting condensate produced as a consequence of operation of the refrigerated dryer 106, and providing that condensate to the condenser 114 of the refrigerated dryer 106. The condensate harvester 120 includes a condensate collector 122 structured to direct liquid condensate away from the evaporator 110, a condensate drain 124 and check valve 126 (not required in all embodiments), and an expansion tank 128 useful for depositing and storage of condensate collected from operation of the evaporator 110.
The expansion tank 128 can take on a variety of forms. In one non-limiting example, the expansion tank 128 can be a closed vessel having a venting/breather feature (to permit the vessel to breathe and accept volumetric changes in liquid level with minimal disruptions in internal gas pressurization. Such a breather/vent can take any variety of forms well known and can include a filter to minimize intrusion of foreign debris into the expansion tank 128. In other embodiments the tank 128 can take on the form of an open top container.
The condensate harvester 120 also includes provisions to provide the collected condensate to the condenser 114. A pump 134 and diffuser 136 are in fluid communication with liquid from the expansion tank 128. The pump 134 can be any device suitable to convey liquid from the expansion tank 128 to the condenser 114, such as a positive displacement pump, diaphragm pump, rotary pump, etc. The pump 134 can be a single speed pump in some embodiments in which case it can be cycled on and off as needed, but in other forms can be a multi-speed pump. Such multi-speed pump can be a pump that operates at a variety of pump speeds, whether continuously variable or pre-set speeds.
The diffuser 136 is any suitable device either integrated with or in fluid communication with the pump 134 sufficient to disperse the liquid provided from the pump 134 to the condenser 114. Such a diffuser 136 can include a spray head that disperses the passing liquid into separate streams or droplets sufficient to provide some amount of cooling to the condenser 114 to assist in heat rejection from the refrigerant in the condenser 114.
In operation of the compressor system 100, when the wet compressed gas from the compressor 102 is provided to the evaporator 110, condensation can be formed when the wet compressed gas is cooled below its dew point. Such condensation can take the form of water liquid when the gas to be compressed is a mixture of air and water vapor, to set forth just one non-limiting example. The condensation can also take the form of solid water in those instances where the temperature of the evaporator during use falls below a freezing point of the gas composition which is to be extracted from the compressed gas (e.g. water vapor in the case of air and water mixture). Condensation received by the collector 122 can be provided to the expansion tank 128 where it can either accumulate over time and/or be used to cool the condenser 114.
The compressor system 100 depicted in
A high liquid level in the tank 128 can therefore be at or below a top level of the tank 128. In those forms where the expansion tank 128 is a closed vessel (possibly also including a vent/breather), the high condensate level can occur at a level below a top of the closed vessel to prevent undesirable pressure buildup cessation of harvesting abilities, or an overflow condition. Overflow event includes an event where condensate undesirably backflows into the conduit (such as conduit that leads from the evaporator), or undesirably overflows from the top of an open container, or undesirably flows into an air vent of the expansion tank 128, etc.
When the high condensate level sensor 130 detects a liquid level that reaches the pre-determined level, a signal can be formed by operation of the sensor 130 and sent to an overflow valve 132 which is in fluid communication with the liquid in the tank 128. The valve 132 can take on a variety of forms, including electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc. The valve 132 can include a mechanism, such as a solenoid, that is moved between an open and a closed position. The solenoid can be biased in one direction and energized to move in the other direction, to either open or close the valve 132.
Upon receipt of a signal the overflow valve 132 can be opened to release liquid from the tank 128. The overflow valve can be in fluid communication with a fluid level in the tank that corresponds to the high liquid level, but can also be located at different heights as well.
The compressor system 100 depicted in
When the low condensate level sensor 142 detects a liquid level that reaches the pre-determined level, a signal can be formed by operation of the sensor 142 and sent to the pump 134. Upon receipt of a signal the pump 134 can be switched off or shut down. The pump 134 can be in fluid communication with a fluid level in the tank that corresponds to the low liquid level, but can also be located at different heights as well and in some embodiments located below a bottom of the tank 128.
The overflow valve 132 and/or the pump 134 can thus be controlled through detection of a high liquid level made possible by the high condensate level sensor 130 and a low liquid level made possible by the low condensate level sensor 142, respectively. Such a controller (either for the valve 132 or pump 134, or both) can be a direct electrical controlled connection that switches the overflow valve 132 to an open condition (or cuts power to the pump 134), or can be through an intermediate system such as an integrated circuit controller. Thus, the controller can be a programmable IC, but can also include analog components such that a control action is realized. The controller can include any combination of electronic circuitry and components such as resistors, capacitors, and semiconductor devices, among potential others. A “controller” in this sense is any type of electrical device sufficient to activate the system to release condensate from the expansion tank. For example and as suggested above, the “controller” can be a simple switch, a more complicated electrical circuit, or a programmable integrated circuit, among potential others, that activates the pump upon receipt of a voltage or current signal from the sensors, among potential others. As such, use of the term “controller” is not intended to apply exclusively to programmable IC type devices unless otherwise indicated to the contrary. It is rather intended to encompass devices/arrangements/configurations/etc that are useful to “control” the level of condensate through action of a pump, valve, etc. Furthermore, the controller can be one or many separate components that together work to provide operation of the system including opening and closing valves, regulating action of the pump, etc. The control can either be analog or digital, and in this sense any signals developed from the high condensate level sensor 130 or low condensate level sensor 142 can be sampled at set periods or can be continuously monitored.
When the valve 132 is opened by detection of a high liquid level in the tank 128, the valve 132 can stay open for any duration or event sufficient to indicate relief of water from the tank 128. For example, the valve can remain open for a pre-determined period of time such as through a digital timer regardless of whether the high condensate level sensor 130 continues to detect a high liquid level. In other forms the valve 132 can be opened for a period of time that is calculated to drain a set quantity of liquid assuming certain flow behaviors of valve type, fluid type, fluid pressures and temperature, etc.
Turning now to
The utility water source 138 can be a large network of pipes serviced by a water provider that pulls water from any variety of sources such as reservoirs, water towers, tanks, etc. A utility provider of water, much like an electric utility, is one example of a utility water source. The network is generally a series of interconnected conduits that are capable of servicing a wide variety of end customers, some of which can use their own filtration and intermediate tanks, reservoirs, but all of which generally remain connected through valving and other devices to the utility water source.
The condensate provided to the tank 128 formed by operation of the evaporator 110 can be condensate from whatever vapor is entrained in the compressed gas of choice (e.g. water vapor, but other vapors also possible). When utility water is supplied to the tank 128, the liquid provided to the pump 134 can be either the water from the utility water supply, liquid from the vapor that was condensed by the evaporator, or a mixture of the two depending upon the particular application.
The valve 140 can be controlled by detection of low liquid level through low condensate level sensor 142 to permit entry of water from the utility water supply 138 to enter the tank 128. The valve 140 can remain open for a set period of time such as could be implemented using a timer. A pre-determined period of time that the valve 140 is opened can be determined through water supply pressure and valve geometries, among other possibilities. Persons of skill in the art can determine quantities of fluid delivered through a valve using knowledge of upstream fluid flow properties such as pressure. The time can be determined from assumptions of pressure and a desired quantity to fill the expansion tank. Alternatively, persons of skill in the art can pick a set period of time without regard to any information pertaining to water supply pressure, valve configuration, etc. In still other forms, the valve 140 could remain open until water reaches the overflow sensor 128.
The valve 140 can take on a variety of forms, including electromechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, etc. The valve 140 can include a mechanism, such as a solenoid, that is moved between an open and a closed position. The solenoid can be biased in one direction and energized to move in the other direction, to either open or close the valve 140.
Turning now to
A 3-way thermal mixing valve can be used to ensure constant temperature of fluid provided to the condenser 114. The thermal nature of the valve can help ensure or seek to achieve more or less consistent temperature in light of the fact that condensate collected from the evaporator 110 is usually at lower temperature than water from the utility water supply 138.
In another example, in case the valve 142 is of a Venturi type, the valve 142 can be a passive device that entrains, via suction action, liquid from the tank 128 using a flow of utility water. The valve 142 can include internal passages that accelerate a flow of utility water which is used a primary flow stream to encourage entrainment of a relatively low speed and higher pressure liquid from the tank 128.
The liquid in the tank 128 can be in communication with the valve 142 using any number of conduits and devices. In one form a conduit can be provided that has an opening at the bottom of the tank and a check valve disposed along the conduit between the bottom of the tank and the valve 142. The check valve can be used to discourage a flow of water from the valve 142 to the tank 128, and instead to permit a flow of liquid from the tank 128 to the valve 142 when sufficient suction pressure urges the check valve to open to permit entrainment of the liquid from the tank 128. A check valve can also be added to the line from the utility water supply 138 to discourage a flow of water from the valve 142 to the supply 138, and instead to permit a flow of liquid from the supply 138 to the valve 142 when sufficient suction pressure exists on the valve 142 side of the check valve (in addition to water pressure on the utility water supply side) urges the check valve to open to permit flow of water from the utility water supply 138.
In other embodiments, the high condensate level sensor 130 and overflow valve 130 combination can be used as indicator when to switch a 3-way valve 142 to use harvested condensate. Such an embodiment can include opening the valve 132 for a period of time less than a period of time required to completely drain the tank 128, with the residual liquid in the tank used by the pump 134 via the valve 142 for another pre-determined period of time.
In still other forms, the valve 142 in the form of a three way valve could be actuated by an embodiment of the tank 128 that includes a low condensate level sensor 130.
In still further forms, the valve 140 can be opened as soon as the compressor system 100 is activated, thus supplying water to the condenser 114 continuously and entraining condensate whenever it is collected in the tank 128.
Turning now to
Unless indicated to the contrary, like reference numerals refer to like elements between the different embodiments. For example, compressor 102 and its variations discussed above with respect to any given embodiment apply across all embodiments of the compressor 102. Thus, variations of the compressor 102 mentioned in
One aspect of the present application includes an apparatus comprising a compressor system structured to compress a gas and provide a wet flow of gas and water vapor, the compressor system also including a refrigerated dryer structured to remove water vapor from the wet flow of gas and water vapor, the refrigerated dryer including an evaporator in fluid flow communication with the wet flow of gas and water vapor, the evaporator structured to condense the water vapor to form a condensate and provide the condensate to an expansion tank where the water vapor is harvested for later use with the condenser to cool the condenser, the expansion tank in fluid communication with a pump, the pump controlled by a switch to de-activate the pump if a level of condensate in the expansion tank is at a minimum level, and an overflow sensor structured to divert harvested condensate from the expansion tank when a level of condensate in the expansion tank reaches a maximum level.
A feature of the present application includes wherein the overflow sensor is in electrical communication with a valve structured to vent condensate from the expansion tank.
Another feature of the present application includes wherein the expansion tank is a closed vessel, and which further includes a valve to regulate the diversion of condensate from the expansion tank.
Yet another feature of the present application includes wherein an overflow level is below a physical overflow level such that the pump will be activated to divert condensate from the expansion tank through the valve prior to an actual overflow event where condensate rises to a level that backflows into a passage.
Still another feature of the present application includes wherein the overflow sensor is positioned to sense a level of condensate within the expansion tank that corresponds to an overflow condition.
Yet still another feature of the present application further includes a controller structured to receive an electrical signal from the overflow sensor, the controller having a module configured to activate the valve when the overflow sensor indicates a high condensate level.
Still yet another feature of the present application includes wherein the overflow sensor is positioned to sense a level of condensate within the expansion tank that corresponds to an overflow condition that is below a physical overflow level of the expansion tank.
Another aspect of the present application provides an apparatus comprising an air compressor system including: an air compressor operable to provide a flow of compressed air, a refrigerated dryer in fluid communication with a compressed flow stream of the air compressor, the refrigerated dryer structured to remove moisture from the flow of compressed air, the refrigerated dryer including: a refrigeration compressor oriented to compress a refrigeration working fluid, a condenser that cools a compressed refrigeration working fluid, an evaporator that produces condensate from water vapor in the compressed air through cooling action of the evaporator, wherein the air compressor system further includes: an expansion tank and pump configured to receive harvested condensate from the evaporator and provide the harvested condensate to the condenser, the tank including a low condensate level sensor and a high condensate level sensor, and wherein the high condensate level sensor is in electrical communication with the pump such that detection of a high condensate level triggers the air compressor system to expel condensate from the expansion tank.
A feature of the present application further includes a controller in electrical communication with the high condensate level sensor and low condensate level sensor.
Another feature of the present application includes wherein the pump is prohibited through action of the controller from pumping if the low condensate level sensor indicates a low condensate level, which further includes a valve in fluid communication with the expansion tank which is activated by the controller when diverting condensate from the expansion tank, and wherein the controller is an electronic switch.
Still another feature of the present application further includes a valve in fluid communication with the expansion tank, the valve structured to divert condensate from the expansion tank when the controller operates upon a signal from the high condensate level sensor.
Yet another feature of the present application further includes a conduit structured to supply water to the expansion tank from a utility water supply when the low condensate level sensor indicates a low condensate level in the expansion tank, and wherein.
Still yet another feature of the present application further includes a temperature sensor on an output side of the condenser, the controller structured to activate the pump to provide water to the condenser when a temperature signal of the temperature sensor satisfies a predetermined temperature value.
Yet still another feature of the present application includes wherein the pump is locked out from activating when the low condensate level sensor provides a signal indicating a low condensate level.
A further feature of the present application includes wherein the high condensate level sensor includes a sensing element to sense a level of condensate which is located below a level which provides an overflow event.
Yet another aspect of the present application provides a method comprising operating a gas compressor to pressurize a gas, providing a pressurized gas from the gas compressor to a heat exchanger of a refrigerated dryer, the refrigerated dryer having a condenser, evaporator, and expansion tank, the evaporator in thermal communication with a pressurized gas passage of the heat exchanger, the expansion tank structured to receive condensate produced by operation of the evaporator, harvesting condensate into the expansion tank which is produced by the evaporator as it cools the pressurized gas, signaling a low condensate level in the expansion tank when condensate is at a low level, signaling a high condensate level in the expansion tank when condensate is at a high level, and diverting condensate from the expansion tank when condensate is at the high level.
A feature of the present application includes wherein the diverting includes providing a high condensate level signal to a controller, the controller structured to operate upon the signaling a high condensate level.
Another feature of the present application includes wherein the diverting includes activating a valve to vent condensate from the expansion tank upon the signaling a high condensate level.
Yet another feature of the present application further includes supplying water from a utility water supply to the expansion tank upon the signaling a low condensate level in the expansion tank.
Still another feature of the present application further includes pumping condensate from the expansion tank and supplying condensate to the condenser, and which further includes measuring a temperature of an outlet of the condenser and regulating the pump based upon the measuring a temperature.
Yet still another feature of the present application further includes inhibiting the pump from withdrawing condensate from the expansion tank when the signaling a low condensate level in the expansion tank is occurring.
While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the inventions are desired to be protected. It should be understood that while the use of words such as preferable, preferably, preferred or more preferred utilized in the description above indicate that the feature so described may be more desirable, it nonetheless may not be necessary and embodiments lacking the same may be contemplated as within the scope of the invention, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. In reading the claims, it is intended that when words such as “a,” “an,” “at least one,” or “at least one portion” are used there is no intention to limit the claim to only one item unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claim. When the language “at least a portion” and/or “a portion” is used the item can include a portion and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary. Unless specified or limited otherwise, the terms “mounted,” “connected,” “supported,” and “coupled” and variations thereof are used broadly and encompass both direct and indirect mountings, connections, supports, and couplings. Further, “connected” and “coupled” are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections or couplings.
