Patent Grant
12040117
This application is a U.S. National Phase Application under 35 U.S.C. § 371 of International Patent Application No. PCT/IB2018/057513, filed Sep. 27, 2018, which claims the priority of Portugese Patent Application No. 110310, filed Sep. 27, 2017, all of which are incorporated by reference, as if expressly set forth in their respective entireties herein.
The present disclosure relates to transformer tank construction, in particular a tank for transformer and respective transformer and tank. In particular, the disclosed tanks are resistant to negative pressures resulting from vacuum drying, and positive pressures from manometric oil pressure, short-circuit and internal electric arc faults.
Power transformers can be re-engineered to reduce costs through mass savings and improved manufacturability. It is common practice in the art to have tanks with a prismatic shape and planar reinforcements. Welded structural reinforcements can be used to increase wall strength with limited impact on tank weight.
Transformers, particularly those of power, contain a fluid (gas or liquid) to improve refrigeration and insulation of the equipment. A sealed tank is necessary to ensure that the electrical components, such as the magnetic circuit and the coils that form the active part, remain immersed in the fluid.
Due to the manufacturing and testing requirements and subsequent use of the equipment, a transformer tank can therefore be described as a reservoir designed to withstand both negative and positive pressures. Typically, negative pressures are due to vacuum drying, where it is necessary to ensure the required level of insulation is achieved to guarantee the tank performance is not impeded when high electrical voltage values occur. Conversely, positive pressures come from the manometric column of the oil and gases inside the transformer, but the critical cases are related to the short-circuit pressures and internal electric arcs phenomena that occur in the service life of the equipment.
Generally, the overpressure values are about 0.6 kgf/cm2 while the vacuum pressure is about 1 kgf/cm2, relative to atmospheric pressure. Consequently, the vacuum pressure value is normally used as the design criteria.
As stated previously, conventional tanks may employ external bracing, like welded structural reinforcements, to ensure the tank can withstand the negative/positive pressures. The predominantly box shape of the prior art tanks, for example as in patent document FR3001830A1, is disadvantageous when the tanks undergo the loading described previously.
These facts are disclosed in order to illustrate the technical problem addressed by the present disclosure.
One of the aims of the present disclosure was to change the profile of the tank to a shape which is inherently stronger than the conventional planar geometry. The desirable shape adds stability and allows the tank to accommodate pressure increases/decreases while substantially reducing the mass of the tank. This has positive impacts on cost particularly through manufacturing and transportation.
It is disclosed a tank for housing electro-magnetic systems, designed with external reinforcements to prevent collapse or rupture under a range of positive and negative pressures. The welded vessel comprises of vertically curving end walls and vertically curving side walls with a plurality of vertically curving vertical reinforcements and horizontal reinforcements. The walls used in said tanks are usually metallic panels. The profiles of the reinforcements may vary in response to structural specifications and logistical requirements. The cover is secured to a top border of the welded structure. The disclosure has advantages which include the reduction of panel displacements due to positive or negative pressures; higher panel displacements are tolerated compared to prior art tanks; reduction in the number of reinforcements applied when compared to a conventional tank used for the equivalent task; reduction of the total mass of the tank (approximately 35% compared to a prior art tank); a large percentage of the structure can be obtained from sheet metal, improving the raw material stock processes and manufacturing; the disclosed reinforcements do not infringe on internal sections of the tank; the tank overall shape is particularly suited to electromagnetic circuits that are bound by an outer rectangular parallelepiped shape.
It is disclosed a tank for electrical transformer comprising a bottom plate, two side panels and two end panels joined to contain an insulating fluid, and reinforcements joined to the exterior of said panels,
Preferably, but not necessarily, the plurality of arched vertical reinforcements are distributed horizontally along each panel at equal distances between said vertical reinforcements.
An embodiment comprises a plurality of bracing horizontal reinforcements joined between said vertical reinforcements.
In an embodiment, the inner arching profile of the vertical reinforcements matches the outer curving convex profile of the panels.
In an embodiment, the horizontal reinforcements include corner horizontal reinforcements bracing two vertical reinforcements each from a respective end and side panel.
In an embodiment, the horizontal reinforcements are planar.
In an embodiment, the horizontal reinforcements are located at:
In an embodiment, the vertical reinforcements extend substantially to the full height of the respective panel.
In an embodiment, the panels have a curvature which has a centre at the vertical middle of the respective panel, i.e. the vertex (or ‘tip’ of the curvature) is located in the vertical middle of the respective panel.
In an embodiment, the vertical reinforcements have a curvature that is circular, parabolic or catenary.
In an embodiment, the reinforcements are comprised of plate beams, U-shaped beams, I-shaped beams, or combinations thereof.
In an embodiment, the panels and reinforcements are formed from sheet metal.
In an embodiment, the reinforcements are joined to the exterior of said panels by welding.
In an embodiment, the reinforcements are joined to the exterior of said panels by fillet welding.
It is also disclosed an electrical transformer comprising an electromagnetic circuit and a tank according to any of the disclosed embodiments.
An embodiment comprises a cover secured to a top border of the tank.
In an embodiment, the cover is convex.
In an embodiment, the cover is a panel comprising a plurality of planar sheets formed from a longitudinally bent metal sheet or formed from a plurality of planar sheets welded longitudinally together.
In an embodiment, the transformer is a core transformer or shell transformer.
The following figures provide preferred embodiments for illustrating the description and should not be seen as limiting the scope of invention.
The present disclosure is also further described, in particular, using embodiments of the disclosure. Therefore, the disclosure is not limited to the descriptions and illustrations provided. These are used so that the disclosure is sufficiently detailed and comprehensive. Moreover, the intention of the drawings is for illustrative purposes and not for the purpose of limitation.
It is disclosed a tank 20 for housing electro-magnetic systems, designed with external reinforcements to prevent collapse or rupture under a range of positive and negative pressures. The welded vessel comprises of vertically curving end 1 and vertically curving side 2 walls (or interchangeably, panels) with a plurality of vertically curving vertical reinforcements 3, 4, 5 and horizontal reinforcements 6, 7, 8, in particular horizontal corner reinforcements 8. The profiles of the reinforcements may vary in response to structural specifications and logistical requirements. The cover 15 is secured to a top border 9 of the welded structure. The cover may be comprised of a plurality of planar sheets that are bound (e.g. welded) longitudinally at an angle, in particular being obtained from a same metal sheet that may subsequently be bent into a plurality of planar sheets, forming a convex cover for the transformer.
The embodiment of
A more curved panel wastes space inside the tank as the electromagnetic circuit to be contained is usually bound by an outer parallelepiped shape. A less curved panel will not attract the disclosed advantages of robustness and lightness.
A combination of a more curved tank and less curved tank will not attract the disclosed advantages of robustness and lightness as panel strength of the less curved profile requires additional supports as shown in
The edges at the bottom and on top of the panels 1, 2 are flat. The laterally forming edges are cut according to a curved profile to permit a cohesive assembly to the adjacent panel, such that the vertically curved convex panels match the respective joining panels at the tank corners.
The end panels 1 and side panels 2 are joined to the bottom plate 10 and to a top border 9.
The union between panels 1, 2 is preferably made by a fillet welding. Preparation grooves may be used, but are not necessary for most embodiments.
The centre of the curvature is preferably located halfway up the side panels 2.
The vertical reinforcements of the side panels 3, vertical reinforcements of the lifting lug 5 and the vertical reinforcements of the end panels 4 preferably have the same inner curvature.
The vertical reinforcement 3, 4, 5 as shown in
The horizontal reinforcements 6, 7, 8 improve the stability of the vertical reinforcements, by providing lateral restraints to the vertical reinforcements, resulting in increased slenderness reducing the risk of buckling.
The horizontal reinforcement 6, 7, 8 as shown in
The positioning, plurality or distance between the end vertical reinforcements 4 or the side vertical reinforcements 3 will depend on the structural and logistical requirements of the equipment, which can be calculated within the usual and customary in the field. This may impact the number and placement of the horizontal reinforcements 6, 7, 8. The following are examples:
Normally, should the horizontal reinforcements 6, 7, 8 be positioned on one planar surface, then the optimum position is a horizontal plane at the centre of curvature of the side panels 2. The drawings illustrate this embodiment.
Alternatively, a plurality of the horizontal reinforcements 6, 7, 8 on parallel planes is also possible.
The shape of the horizontal reinforcements 6, 7, 8 is modifiable. For example, internal sections can be removed to reduce the amount of weld, for example by having non-contiguous welding to the panels combined with cut-out sections reducing weight and cost. The drawings are for illustration purposes.
The curvature of the panels 1, 2, the arched vertical reinforcements 3, 4, 5 and the bracing horizontal reinforcements 6, 7, 8 cooperate to allow the reduction of the thickness of the sheet used and therefore the total mass of the structure.
It could be seen, to put it simply, that the arched reinforcements work as bridges supporting and reinforcing the respective panels.
Components such as flanges, radiators, conservator tank, bushings 16, 17, lifting lugs 11, core support structure 14, among others, vary in positioning, geometry and topology depending on the characteristics of the equipment. The drawings illustrate an embodiment of these components.
The number of phases in
Other cover 15 geometries may be applied beyond the illustrated example, such as flat, multiple sloped and pitched variations.
Advantages include, but are not limited to the following:
An embodiment comprises a transformer tank designed to withstand negative vacuum and positive pressure, comprising:
An embodiment of the transformer tank encompasses the outer convex curved profile in which the centre of curvature is situated at half the height of the side panel (2).
An embodiment of the transformer tank comprises a vessel in which there is at least one magnetic circuit and a phase.
An embodiment of the transformer tank comprises:
An embodiment of the cover of the tank is supported on the border (9).
An alternative embodiment comprises jacking pads (18) for lifting of the disclosed transformer tank.
The term “comprising” whenever used in this document is intended to indicate the presence of stated features, integers, steps, components, but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.
The disclosure should not be seen in any way restricted to the embodiments described and a person with ordinary skill in the art will foresee many possibilities to modifications thereof. The above described embodiments are combinable. The following claims further set out particular embodiments of the disclosure.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 110310 | Sep 2017 | PT | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2018/057513 | 9/27/2018 | WO |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2019/064230 | 4/4/2019 | WO | A |
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|---|---|---|
| 3 001 830 | Aug 2014 | FR |
| 58053810 | Mar 1983 | JP |
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200251269 A1 | Aug 2020 | US |
