This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2021-194544, filed on Nov. 30, 2021, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
The present disclosure relates to a tape cassette housing a print material.
In known art, a tape cassette is known that clamps a film tape and an ink ribbon between a platen roller and a thermal head, and prints characters and the like on the film tape, by heat transfer printing. The film tape is conveyed toward a tape discharge port as a result of a tape feed roller and a movable conveyance roller working in concert. Between the platen roller and the movable conveyance roller, a guide wall is provided that guides the ink ribbon to a ribbon winding spool. The guide wall separates the ink ribbon from the film tape as a result of an end of the guide wall pressing against the ink ribbon.
As a result of the ribbon winding spool being driven to rotate and pulling and winding the ink ribbon, the ink ribbon comes into contact with the end of the guide wall and is pulled away from the film tape. However, if a frictional force generated by the film tape pressing the ink ribbon against the end of the guide wall is greater than a force with which the ribbon winding spool pulls the ink ribbon, there is a possibility that the film tape may be conveyed without the ink ribbon being sufficiently separated from the film tape, and a jam may occur in the region of the end of the guide wall. If the force with which the ribbon winding spool pulls the ink ribbon is increased, the ink ribbon is removed from the film tape before the characters and the like transferred from the ink ribbon are fixed on the film tape, and there is a possibility that it is not possible to secure a peeling distance required for the fixing of the transferred characters and the like.
The object of the present disclosure is to provide a tape cassette in which the ink ribbon can be more reliably peeled while securing a peeling distance.
A tape cassette according to the present disclosure includes a cassette case, a tape roll, a print tape, a ribbon roll, an ink ribbon, a ribbon winding spool, an arm portion, a roller, a first protrusion, and a second protrusion. The cassette case includes a bottom wall and a side wall. The side wall intersects the bottom wall at a first side in a first direction. The cassette case has a recess that is recessed from a part of the side wall to a second side in the first direction. The second side in the first direction is opposite to the first side in the first direction. The part of the side wall includes an opening. The recess passes through the cassette case in an up-down direction. The tape roll is housed inside the cassette case. The print tape is wound around the tape roll. The ribbon roll is housed inside the cassette case. The ink ribbon is wound around the ribbon roll. The ribbon winding spool is housed inside the cassette case. The arm portion includes a first wall and a second wall. The first wall is a part of the side wall. The second wall faces the first wall and extends upward from the bottom wall. The arm portion extends from a first side in a second direction to a second side in the second direction. The second direction is a direction intersecting the first direction and the up-down direction. The first side in the second direction is opposite to the second side in the second direction. The arm portion includes a discharge port at an end. The end is positioned on the second side in the second direction with respect to the opening. The discharge port is configured to discharge the print tape and the ink ribbon conveyed between the first wall and the second wall. The recess is defined by the second wall and a peripheral wall at least. The roller is provided inside the cassette case further to the first side in the second direction than the arm portion. A part of an outer peripheral surface of the roller is exposed to the first side in the first direction of the cassette case. The roller is configured to guide the print tape. The print tape is discharged from the discharge port and is in contact with the exposed part of the outer peripheral surface further to the first side in the second direction than the cassette case. The first protrusion is disposed, on a conveyance path of the print tape, at a position between the discharge port of the arm portion and the roller. The first protrusion includes a first leading end protruding toward the first side in the first direction. The first leading end is positioned on a first virtual line or being positioned further to the first side in the first direction than the first virtual line. The first virtual line is a line connecting the exposed part of the outer peripheral surface of the roller with a connection portion between the second wall and the peripheral wall. The first protrusion is configured to guide the ink ribbon discharged along the conveyance path from the discharge port to a winding path. The winding path is a path branching from the conveyance path at the first leading end, toward the ribbon winding spool. The second protrusion is disposed at a position between the first protrusion and the roller in the second direction. The second protrusion includes a second leading end protruding toward the first side in the first direction. The second leading end is positioned further to the first side in the first direction than a second virtual line. The second virtual line is a line connecting the exposed part of the outer peripheral surface of the roller with the first leading end of the first protrusion. The second protrusion is configured to guide the print tape discharged from the discharge port to the roller via the second leading end.
By adopting a configuration in which, at a time of printing, the first leading end of the first protrusion is positioned on the first virtual line along which the print tape and the ink ribbon can be conveyed, or further to the one side, in the first direction, than the virtual line, and the first protrusion presses the print tape and the ink ribbon to the first side in the first direction, the tape cassette reliably peels the ink ribbon from the print tape using the first leading end. In addition, by adopting a configuration in which the second leading end of the second protrusion is disposed further to the one side in the first direction than the second virtual line, at a position downstream of the position of the first leading end, and the second protrusion presses the print tape to the one side in the first direction, the print tape separates slightly from the ink ribbon, and the tape cassette weakens a force with which the print tape presses the ink ribbon against the first leading end. In this way, the tape cassette can reduce a frictional force generated between the ink ribbon and the first leading end as a result of the print tape pressing the ink ribbon against the first leading end. Thus, after characters or the like are transferred from the ink ribbon to the print tape, the print tape and the ink ribbon can reach the first leading end without being forcibly peeled apart. As a result, the tape cassette can more reliably perform the peeling of the ink ribbon while securing a peeling distance.
Hereinafter, an embodiment embodying the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. The referenced drawings are used to illustrate technological features that can be adopted by the present disclosure, and configurations, control, and the like of devices described herein are not intended to limit the present disclosure to those configurations, control, and the like, and are simply explanatory examples.
Hereinafter, the lower left direction, the upper right direction, the lower right direction, the upper left direction, the upper direction, and the lower direction in
The tape cassette 30 of the present embodiment can be mounted in the tape printer 1. The tape printer 1 is a general-purpose printer that can use various tape cassettes, such as a thermal type, a laminate type, a receptor type, and the like. The thermal type tape cassette is provided with a heat-sensitive paper tape. The laminate type tape cassette is provided with a double-sided adhesive tape, a film tape, and an ink ribbon. The tape cassette 30 is the receptor type tape cassette, and is provided with a print tape 8 and an ink ribbon 9. The tape printer 1 performs printing by transferring ink of the ink ribbon 9 to the print tape 8, by applying heat.
As shown in
As shown in
A conveyance motor 95 is installed outside the mount portion 6 (to the upper right of the mount portion 6 in
As shown in
A platen roller 15 and a conveyance roller 14 are both rotatably supported at the leading end of the platen holder 12. The platen roller 15 can approach or separate from the thermal head 10 in accordance with the pivoting of the platen holder 12. The conveyance roller 14 is provided to the left of the platen roller 15, and can approach or separate from the feed roller 56 in accordance with the pivoting of the platen holder 12.
In the present embodiment, when the cassette cover 5 is opened, the platen holder 12 is configured to move toward a stand-by position (a position shown in
The platen roller 15 is driven to rotate in concert with the tape drive shaft 17, by the conveyance motor 95. In order to suppress warping of the print tape 8 by the conveyance, the platen roller 15 is coupled to the conveyance motor 95 via a plurality of gears (not shown in the drawings), so that a rotation speed of the platen roller 15 is slower than a rotation speed of the tape drive shaft 17 (the feed roller 56).
As shown in
A support cylinder 65, which rotatably supports a tape spool 21 mounted inside the cassette case 31, is provided at a rear left portion of the cassette case 31. The support cylinder 65 protrudes in a cylindrical shape upward from the bottom wall 306 of the lower case 312. The print tape 8 is wound around the tape spool 21. A supply source of the print tape 8 configured by the print tape 8 being wound around the tape spool 21 is referred to as a tape roll 40.
A ribbon boss 67, which rotatably supports a ribbon spool 23 mounted inside the cassette case 31, is provided at a front right portion of the cassette case 31. The ribbon boss 67 protrudes upward from the bottom wall 306 of the lower case 312. The ink ribbon 9 is wound around the ribbon spool 23. A supply source of the ink ribbon 9 configured by the ink ribbon 9 being wound around the ribbon spool 23 is referred to as a ribbon roll 41.
A support hole 66, which rotatably supports the ribbon winding spool 22 mounted inside the cassette case 31, is provided substantially at a center portion of the cassette case 31, between the ribbon boss 67 and the support cylinder 65. The support hole 66 is a through hole passing through the cassette case 31 in the up-down direction. The ribbon winding shaft 18 is inserted into the ribbon winding spool 22. The ribbon winding spool 22 rotates in accordance with the rotational driving of the ribbon winding shaft 18, and pulls out and winds the ink ribbon 9 from the ribbon roll 41.
A support hole 68, which rotatably supports the feed roller 56 is provided at a front left corner portion of the cassette case 31. The support hole 68 includes an opening 68A provided in the upper wall 305, and an opening 68B provided in the bottom wall 306. The openings 68A and 68B are through holes provided at positions corresponding to each other in the up-down direction of the cassette case 31. The feed roller 56 is cylindrically shaped, and extends in the up-down direction. The support hole 68 supports the upper end portion and the lower end portion of the feed roller 56. A portion of the front end of the outer peripheral surface of the feed roller 56 is exposed to the front from the cassette case 31. In a state in which the tape cassette 30 is mounted to the mount portion 6, the tape drive shaft 17 is inserted into the inside of the feed roller 56. The feed roller 56 rotates in accordance with the rotational driving of the tape drive shaft 17, and discharges the print tape 8 from the cassette case 31 in concert with the conveyance roller 14.
A roller shaft 69, which rotatably supports a pathway roller 69A that is a circular cylindrically-shaped rotational body, is provided at a front right corner portion of the cassette case 31. The roller shaft 69 protrudes upward from the bottom wall 306 of the lower case 312. Inside the cassette case 31, a path along which the print tape 8 is pulled out from the tape roll 40 and is discharged to the outside of the cassette case 31 via a discharge guide 49 to be described later will be referred to as a conveyance path. The pathway roller 69A defines the conveyance path of the print tape 8, and comes into contact with the print tape 8 from the left.
A semicircular recess 84, which is recessed to the rear in a substantially semicircular shape in a plan view, is provided in a front wall 307 of the cassette case 31. The semicircular recess 84 is formed across the cassette case 31 in the up-down direction. When the tape cassette 30 is mounted to the mount portion 6, the semicircular recess 84 is an escape portion that avoids interference between the tape cassette 30 and the support shaft 121 of the platen holder 12.
An arm portion 34 is provided at the front surface of the cassette case 31. The arm portion 34 extends to the left and to the front from the right front portion of the cassette case 31. Of the front wall 307 of the cassette case 31, a portion extending to the left from the semicircular recess 84 is an arm front wall 35. The arm front wall 35 is configured by combining an upper arm front wall 35A provided at the upper case 311 and a lower arm front wall 35B provided at the lower case 312.
An arm rear wall 37 that is the rear wall of the arm portion 34 is configured by combining an upper arm rear wall 37A provided at the upper case 311, and a lower arm rear wall 37B provided at the lower case 312. An arm opening 341 is provided between the left end portion of the arm front wall 35 and the left end portion of the arm rear wall 37. The arm opening 341 is formed in a slit shape that extends in the up-down direction.
A regulating wall 33, which is a wall portion extending upward from the bottom wall 306, is provided between the lower arm front wall 35B and the lower arm rear wall 37B of the lower case 312. Inside the cassette case 31, a path along which the ink ribbon 9 passes from being pulled out from the ribbon roll 41 until being wound by the ribbon winding spool 22 will be referred to as a winding path. The conveyance path of the print tape 8 and the winding path of the ink ribbon 9 both pass through the inside of the arm portion 34, and extend toward the arm opening 341. Inside the arm portion 34, the conveyance path of the print tape 8 is defined between the regulating wall 33 and the arm front wall 35, and the winding path of the ink ribbon 9 is defined between the regulating wall 33 and the arm rear wall 37.
A peripheral wall that extends to the rear from the right end portion of the arm rear wall 37 and also extends in parallel to the arm rear wall 37 is a head peripheral wall 36. The head peripheral wall 36 is configured by combining an upper head peripheral wall 36A provided at the upper case 311 and a lower head peripheral wall 36B provided at the lower case 312.
The head insertion portion 39 is a space having a substantially rectangular shape in a plan view that is defined by the arm rear wall 37 and the head peripheral wall 36. The head insertion portion 39 is a recessed shape that is recessed to the rear with respect to the arm rear wall 37. The head insertion portion 39 forms an open section that passes through the tape cassette 30 in the up-down direction. The front wall 307 of the cassette case 31 includes an opening 77 to the left of the arm opening 341 of the arm portion 34. The head insertion portion 39 is also connected to the outside at the front surface side of the tape cassette 30, via the opening 77. The head holder 19 is inserted into the head insertion portion 39 in the state in which the tape cassette 30 is mounted to the mount portion 6.
A regulating guide 61 is provided to the left of the head insertion portion 39. The regulating guide 61 is positioned between the arm opening 341 and the feed roller 56, in the left-right direction. As shown in
Of the lower head peripheral wall 36B, the guide wall 58 is a wall portion that extends in the front-rear direction to the left of the head insertion portion 39. The guide wall 58 is formed in a rib shape protruding upward from the bottom wall 306 of the lower case 312. A leading end 581 at the front end of the guide wall 58 has a cross-section, in the horizontal direction, that is a semi-circular shape, and protrudes to the front in a plan view. The leading end 581 defines the winding path of the ink ribbon 9 discharged from the arm opening 341 such that the winding path is a path toward the rear along the guide wall 58. Further, at a time of printing, the leading end 581 separates the ink ribbon 9 from the print tape 8. The winding path is defined by a leading end 582 at the rear of the guide wall 58, such that the winding path is a path from the rear toward the right. The ink ribbon 9 that has passed the leading end 582 is wound by the ribbon winding spool 22 after passing along the winding path to the rear of the head peripheral wall 36.
Here, when the platen holder 12 is positioned at the print position, a gap between the feed roller 56 and the conveyance roller 14 is a nip portion N1. Further, a connection section between the arm rear wall 37 of the arm portion 34 and the head peripheral wall 36 of the head insertion portion 39 is a connection portion C1 (refer to
The isolation wall 53 is installed standing to the left of the guide wall 58. The isolation wall 53 is provided between the guide wall 58 and the feed roller 56 in the left-right direction, and is formed in a rib shape protruding upward from the bottom wall 306 of the lower case 312. The isolation wall 53 has a shape, in a plan view, that draws a gentle arc in the front-rear direction of the cassette case 31, along a part of an outer peripheral surface of the feed roller 56. Teeth are formed in a serrated shape, in a plan view, on the left surface of the isolation wall 53.
A leading end 531 at the front end of the isolation wall 53 has a cross-section, in the horizontal direction, that is a semi-circular shape, and protrudes forward and to the left in a plan view. When the platen holder 12 is at the print position, the leading end 531 is positioned at a position to come into contact with the print tape 8 that passes the regulating guide 61 and is conveyed to the discharge guide 49, and defines the conveyance path of the print tape 8. Here, a portion of the leading end 581 of the guide wall 58 positioned furthest to the front, of a portion that comes into contact with the ink ribbon 9, is a contact portion T1. In a plan view, a virtual line connecting the nip portion N1 with the contact portion T1 is a virtual line V2. In this case, the leading end 531 of the isolation wall 53 is positioned further to the front than the virtual line V2. Note that when the platen holder 12 is at the print position, it is sufficient that a contact portion T2 (refer to
Further, in a plan view, a virtual line connecting the connection portion C1 with the contact portion T1 is a virtual line V3. In this case, the leading end 581 of the guide wall 58 is positioned further to the rear than the virtual line V3. Note that it is sufficient that the contact portion T2 of the leading end 531 be positioned further to the rear than the virtual line V3 (refer to
The discharge guide 49 is provided at the front left corner portion of the cassette case 31. The discharge guide 49 is positioned to the front and left of the feed roller 56, and is formed in a slit shape extending in the up-down direction. When the printed print tape 8 that has been separated from the ink ribbon 9 is conveyed via the feed roller 56, the print tape 8 passes through the inside of the discharge guide 49. The discharge guide 49 guides the print tape 8 to the outside of the cassette case 31.
Conveyance and print operations of the print tape 8 will be described. As shown in
Inside the arm portion 34, the print tape 8 is guided along the conveyance path passing between the arm front wall 35 and the regulating wall 33, and is discharged to the opening 77 from the arm opening 341. The ink ribbon 9 is guided along the winding path passing between the arm rear wall 37 and the regulating wall 33, is overlaid with the print tape 8, and is discharged to the opening 77 from the arm opening 341.
In the opening 77, one surface of the print tape 8 discharged from the arm opening 341 is exposed to the front, and the other surface thereof faces the thermal head 10 with the ink ribbon 9 interposed therebetween. The heating elements 11 of the thermal head 10 perform the printing by transferring the ink of the ink ribbon 9 to the print tape 8, at the nip portion N2 between the heating elements 11 and the platen roller 15.
After the printing, the ink ribbon 9 is separated from the print tape 8 by the leading end 581 of the guide wall 58. Here, the leading end 531 of the isolation wall 53 is positioned further to the rear than the virtual line V3 connecting the nip portion N2 with the contact portion T1. Thus, the print tape 8 is maintained in a state of being in contact with the ink ribbon 9 while being conveyed from the nip portion N2 to the contact portion T1. As a result, between the nip portion N2 and the contact portion T1, a peeling distance is secured for inhibiting the occurrence of peeling off of the ink due to the ink ribbon 9 being peeled from the print tape 8 before the ink transferred to the print tape 8 is fixed.
Further, the print tape 8 is pressed further to the front than the virtual line V2 connecting the contact portion T1 with the nip portion N1, by the leading end 531 of the isolation wall 53. Thus, at the contact portion T1, a force with which the print tape 8 presses the ink ribbon 9 against the leading end 531 is suppressed. As a result, the ink ribbon 9 is smoothly peeled from the print tape 8 at the leading end 531, passes along the winding path passing to the left of the guide wall 58 and to the rear of the head peripheral wall 36, and is wound by the ribbon winding spool 22.
The printed print tape 8 passes through the nip portion N1 between the feed roller 56 and the conveyance roller 14, via the leading end 531 of the isolation wall 53, and is conveyed toward the discharge guide 49. The printed print tape 8 is discharged to the outside from the discharge guide 49, is cut by the cutting mechanism 16, and is discharged to the outside of the tape printer 1.
As described above, by adopting the configuration in which, in the front-rear direction, the leading end 581 of the guide wall 58 is disposed on or further to the front than the virtual line V1 along which the print tape 8 and the ink ribbon 9 can be conveyed at the time of printing, and in which the guide wall 58 presses the print tape 8 and the ink ribbon 9 to the front in the front-rear direction, the tape cassette 30 reliably separates the ink ribbon 9 from the print tape 8 by the leading end 581. Additionally, by adopting the configuration in which the leading end 531 of the isolation wall 53 is positioned further to the front, in the front-rear direction, than the virtual line V2, at a position downstream of the position of the leading end 581, and presses the print tape 8 to the front in the front-rear direction, the print tape 8 separates slightly from the ink ribbon 9, and the force with which the print tape 8 presses the ink ribbon 9 against the leading end 581 is weakened. In this way, the tape cassette 30 can weaken the frictional force generated between the ink ribbon 9 and the leading end 581 by the print tape 8 pressing the ink ribbon 9 against the guide wall 58. Thus, after the characters and the like are transferred to the print tape 8 from the ink ribbon 9, it is possible to cause the print tape 8 and the ink ribbon 9 to reach the guide wall 58 without being forcibly peeled apart. As a result, the tape cassette 30 can reliably perform the peeling of the ink ribbon 9 while securing the peeling distance.
By causing the leading end 531, of the isolation wall 53 positioned further to the front than the virtual line V2 in the front-rear direction, to be provided further to the rear than the virtual line V3 in the front-rear direction, the tape cassette 30 regulates such that the isolation wall 53 does not strongly press the print tape 8 to the front in the front-rear direction. In this way, since the print tape 8 is not significantly separated from the ink ribbon 9 at a position upstream from the guide wall 58 on the conveyance path, the tape cassette 30 can more reliably perform the peeling of the ink ribbon 9 while securing the appropriate peeling distance.
Various modifications are possible to the present disclosure from the above-described embodiment. The leading end 581 of the guide wall 58 is positioned further to the front than the virtual line V1, but may be positioned on the virtual line V1. In this case, it is sufficient that the contact portion T1 be positioned on the virtual line V1. Further, the virtual line V1 is the virtual line connecting the nip portion N1 with the contact portion T1, but the virtual line V1 may be a virtual line connecting the nip portion N1 between the feed roller 56 and the conveyance roller 14 with the nip portion N2 between the thermal head 10 and the platen roller 15.
For example, as shown in
In the modified examples described above, the isolation wall 53 and the guide wall 58 together form the winding path, and thus can guide the ink ribbon 9 to the ribbon winding spool 22. Then, the isolation wall 53 has the rib shape, and can be formed integrally with the bottom wall 306. Further, the leading end 531 is the roller member 502, and thus, the frictional force in the conveyance of the print tape 8 is reduced. As a result, the tape cassette 30 can smoothly convey the print tape 8, and can thus reliably perform the peeling of the ink ribbon 9 while securing the peeling distance.
The guide wall 58 has the rib shape, and can thus be formed integrally with the bottom wall 306. Further, the leading end 581 is the roller member 502, and the frictional force in the conveyance of the ink ribbon 9 clamped between the print tape 8 and the leading end 581 of the guide wall 58 is thus reduced. As a result, the tape cassette 30 can smoothly perform the peeling of the ink ribbon 9 from the print tape 8, while securing the peeling distance.
Further, the roller unit 50 includes the spring 505, and thus, using the urging force, the position of the print tape 8 on the conveyance path is maintained at a predetermined position. When a tension on the print tape 8 has become large, an elastic behavior can tolerate a temporary positional displacement of the print tape 8. Thus, the guide wall 58 can reduce the frictional force in the conveyance of the ink ribbon 9 clamped between the print tape 8 and the leading end 581 of the guide wall 58. In a similar manner, the isolation wall 53 can reduce the frictional force in the conveyance of the print tape 8. Thus, since the tape cassette 30 can smoothly convey the print tape 8, the tape cassette 30 can more reliably perform the peeling of the ink ribbon 9 while securing the peeling distance.
Further, as shown in
Further, in this case, it is preferable that the leading end 532 of the isolation wall 53 (a contact portion T4) be positioned further to the front than the virtual line V3. According to this configuration, while the print tape 8 is conveyed from the contact portion T3 to the contact portion T4, the print tape 8 is gradually separated from the ink ribbon 9, and thus, the force with which the print tape 8 presses the ink ribbon 9 against the leading end 581 at the contact portion T1 is suppressed. Thus, at the leading end 581, the ink ribbon 9 can be smoothly peeled from the print tape 8. Further, in a similar manner as described above, the roller unit 50 may be provided at the leading end 591 of the presser wall 59, or the roller unit 50 having the configuration in which the second support plate 504 and the spring 505 are omitted may be provided. Alternatively, the roller member 502 may be configured to be unable to rotate, and a configuration adopted in which a cylindrical member urged by the spring 505 is simply disposed at the contact portions T1 and T2.
In the modified examples described above, the ink ribbon 9 is peeled from the print tape 8 at the position of the guide wall 58. On the other hand, the print tape 8 is pressed by the isolation wall 53 so as to separate to the front, in the front-rear direction, from the ink ribbon 9. There, using the leading end 591, the presser wall 59 suppresses the print tape 8 from separating too far to the front, in the front-rear direction, from the ink ribbon 9. The leading end 591 is closer to the arm opening 341 than the leading end 581 of the guide wall 58, that is, is upstream of the leading end 581 on the conveyance path. In this way, the tape cassette 30 can more reliably perform the peeling of the ink ribbon 9 while securing the peeling distance necessary for the characters and the like transferred from the ink ribbon 9 to be fixed on the print tape 8, using the distance between the position of the print head to the leading end 591 in the conveyance path.
Further, the presser wall 59 has a rib shape, and can thus be integrally formed with the bottom wall 306. Further, the roller unit 50 is provided at the leading end 591, and thus, the frictional force in the conveyance of the print tape 8 is reduced. Thus, since the conveyance of the print tape 8 can be smoothly performed, the tape cassette 30 can more reliably perform the peeling of the ink ribbon 9 while securing the peeling distance.
Further, the roller unit 50 includes the spring 505, thus, using the urging force, the position of the print tape 8 on the conveyance path is maintained at the predetermined position. When a tension on the print tape 8 has become large, an elastic behavior can tolerate a temporary positional displacement of the print tape 8. Thus, the presser wall 59 can reduce the frictional force in the conveyance of the print tape 8. Thus, since the tape cassette 30 can smoothly convey the print tape 8, the tape cassette 30 can more reliably perform the peeling of the ink ribbon 9 while securing the peeling distance.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2021-194544 | Nov 2021 | JP | national |