Patent Application
20100282172
The present invention relates generally to dairy farming, and more specifically to stations and methods as defined in the preambles of the appended independent patent claims.
Such a teat preparation station is known from EP 0 830 055 B1 (MAASLAND). The teat preparation station as being illustrated in
The cleaning/foremilking device 16 comprises a robot arm 17, which is provided at one end with a cleaning/foremilking element 18, capable of being connected to the udder and/or the teats, and at its other end with a guiding sleeve 19 which is movable via the rail 15. The robot arm 17 is further capable of pivoting on two substantially vertical hinge pins 20.
In
The arrangements of EP 0 830 055 B1 lack capabilities of establishing milk quality and health of the milking animals before entering the platform of the rotary kind of milking system. If such analysis should be performed once the milking animals have entered the platform, the capacity of the milking system may be reduced.
Further, such analysis would have to compete with milking equipment, hoses, valves, etc. about the limited space around the milking animal in the milking stall.
Yet further, the arrangements of EP 0 830 055 B1 lack capabilities of guiding an animal to other place than to the platform of the rotary kind of milking system once the cleaning/foremilking has been performed. This means inevitably that all milking animals have to enter the milking system and be milked, or at least to occupy a milking position, in the milking system. This is a drawback if a milking animal is ill since it may contaminate other milking animals in the milking system. In the latter scenario, the capacity of the milking system is reduced further.
Still further, milking animals that have injured udders, cuts or wounds are entering the platform of the milking system for milking instead of being treated for their injuries.
Yet further, milking animals producing milk of different qualities enter the milking system without that the milking system has information about this. Thus, milk of different qualities cannot be collected in different containers, or if the qualities are analyzed in the milking system, a further delay therein is obtained.
An object of the present invention is thus to provide a station and a method, respectively, for teat preparation that alleviate or reduce at least some of the problems and shortcomings of the arrangements of EP 0 830 055 B1.
This object, among others, is according to the present invention attained by stations and methods as specified in the appended patent claims.
According to a first aspect of the invention there is provided a teat preparation station for preparation of teats of milking animals prior to intentionally being milked in a milking system or arrangement comprising at least one milking stall. The teat preparation station comprises a teat preparation area housing at least one milking animal at a time; a first exit leading to the milking arrangement; pre-milking equipment provided for automatically pre-milking milking animals in the teat preparation area; and milk quality analyzing equipment provided for automatically analyzing pre-milk from the milking animals; and/or teat and/or udder inspection equipment provided for automatically inspecting the teats and/or udders of the milking animals.
That is, the teat preparation station is located physically separated from the milking system. By such provision information regarding the quality of the milk produced by each of the milking animals and/or the condition of the teats and/or udders of the milking animals can be determined before the milking animal enters the milking arrangement. The determination may be used to decide upon whether the respective milking animal is healthy or ill. Such information may be used as basis for the decision if the milking animal should be milked, how the milking animal should be milked or otherwise treated, and/or how the milk from the respective should be collected or treated. Therefore, the information is advantageously passed on to the milking system.
Milking animals having injured udders, cuts or wounds can be prevented from entering the milking system and instead being treated for their injuries.
In one embodiment of the invention, the teat preparation station comprises a second exit leading to any of a waiting, treating, resting, and/or feeding area or to a milking area separate from the milking system; and a door or gate device for automatically letting each of the milking animals to leave the teat preparation station through a selected one of the first and second exits.
Advantageously, a processing device or similar is provided for automatically determining, for each of the milking animals, whether the milking animal is healthy or ill, wherein the gate device is controlled to automatically let healthy milking animals to leave the teat preparation station through the first exit and ill animals to leave the teat preparation station through the second exit.
Hereby, healthy animals can be directed to the milking system in order to be milked therein, whereas ill animals are directed elsewhere.
If the second exit leads to a waiting area, the ill milking animals can be kept therein while the healthy milking animals are milked in the milking system. When all healthy milking animals have been milked, the ill milking animals can be milked in the milking system. After the ill milking animals have been milked in the milking system, the milking system can be cleaned in order not to pass on bacteria or other contaminants to yet other animals.
If the second exit leads to a milking area separate from the milking system, the ill milking animals can be milked, and optionally treated, in such separate milking area.
If the second exit leads to any of a treating, resting, or feeding area, the ill milking animals may not be milked at all, but can be treated, allowed to rest, or fed.
It shall be appreciated that the first and second exits may be exchanged for a single exit of the teat preparation station and a selection box or similar that would be capable of directing the milking animals to either the milking system or to the waiting, treating, resting, and/or feeding area or to the milking area separate from the milking system. Hereby, a similar functionality is achieved.
In yet another embodiment of the invention, the teat preparation station comprises teat preparation equipment configured to automatically prepare teats of milking animals in the teat preparation area by means of applying at least one substance to the teats of the milking animals. Subsequently, the teats are cleaned and/or flushed with e.g. water to remove the substance. After such cleaning and/or flushing, teat analyzing equipment is provided to automatically measure the presence of the substance applied to the teats of the milking animals either directly at teats of the milking animals or by analyzing a fluid that is passed by the teats of the milking animals. Such measurement is made to assure that the substance is no longer present at the teat of the milking animals when they are allowed to leave the teat preparation station for e.g. milking. Hereby, it can be assured that the substance will not make its way to the milk tank together with the milk during milking.
The substance may be a cleaning substance such as a detergent, a cleaning additive, a disinfection substance such as iodine, a pre-milking dipping substance such as a halogen-containing hydrocarbon substance, or a trace substance mixed with any other active substance and used for the sole purpose as a tracer for the active substance with which it was mixed.
If the substance is still present, a further cleaning or flushing procedure of the teats may be performed, or a neutralizing agent or chemical reactant may be added, whichever will be the case, to remove residues of the substance that are still left at the teats.
According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method for preparing teats of milking animals in a teat preparation station prior to intentionally being milked in a milking system or arrangement. According to the method milking animals are received in a teat preparation area capable of housing at least one milking animal at a time and having an exit leading to the milking system. The milking animals are automatically pre-milked in the teat preparation area by pre-milking equipment, and the pre-milk from the milking animals is automatically analyzed by milk quality analyzing equipment teat and/or the teats and/or udders of the milking animals are automatically inspected by udder inspection equipment.
Hereby, depending on the analysis of the pre-milk and/or the inspection, each of the milking animals may for instance (i) be guided to the milking system and milked therein, (ii) be guided to the milking system but not milked therein, (iii) be guided to a waiting area and then, after other milking animals have been milked in the milking system, be guided to the milking system and milked therein, (iv) be guided to other milking area and milked therein, or (v) be guided to a treating area for treatment and not milked at all at this time.
A very flexible milking animal management arrangement is obtained, and by separating milking and teat preparation to different areas, the milking animals can be milked fastly and efficiently once they have entered the milking system. A higher throughput of milking animals is obtained and the milking capacity of the milking system is increased. Alternatively, for a given milking capacity the milking system may be designed with fewer milking stalls, which thus reduces investment.
Further characteristics of the invention and advantages thereof, will be evident from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments of the present invention given hereinafter and the accompanying
In the following detailed description the milk producing animals are cows. However, the invention is not limited to cows, but is applicable to any animals having the capability to produce milk.
The arrangement for managing cows as illustrated in
The exit 4 of the teat preparation station 1 can lead to the milking system 11 via a passage way 9, or the teat preparation station may be located up against the milking system.
The teat preparation station 1 comprises further teat preparation equipment 5, analyzing equipment 6, a processing and control device 7, and a cow identification device 8. Each of the entrance gate 3a, the exit gate 4a, the teat preparation equipment 5, the analyzing equipment 6, and the cow identification device 8 may be controlled by the processing and control device 7, and the analyzing equipment 6 and the cow identification device 8 may forward measurement values and cow identity information to the processing and control device 7.
The teat preparation equipment 5 may comprise both teat cleaning and pre-milking equipment. The teat cleaning equipment is provided for automatically cleaning teats of cows 10 in the teat preparation area 2 and the pre-milking equipment is provided for automatically pre-milking cows 10 in the teat preparation area 2.
Teat cleaning and pre-milking equipment that can be used in the present invention comprise those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,626,130; U.S. Pat. No. 6,591,784; U.S. Pat. No. 6,553,942; U.S. Pat. No. 5,211,132; U.S. Pat. No. 5,235,937; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,305,346; U.S. Pat. No. 6,321,682; B1 U.S. Pat. No. 6,155,204; EP 0 830 055 B1; and WO 2005/067702 A1, either directly or after modifications readily made by a person skilled in the art. The contents of the above documents are hereby enclosed by reference.
The teat cleaning and pre-milking equipment 5 may comprises a robot arm 5a provided for attaching at least one end of the teat cleaning and pre-milking equipment to the teats of the cows 10 such as the being disclosed in EP 0 830 055 B1.
The analyzing equipment 6 may comprise both milk quality analyzing equipment provided for automatically analyzing pre-milk from the cows 10 and teat and/or udder inspection equipment provided for automatically inspecting the teats and/or udders of the cows 10 in the teat preparation area 2.
The milk quality analyzing equipment may optionally be provided for detecting abnormal milk from each of the cows indicating that the cow is ill. It may include equipment for measuring conductivity, somatic cells, bacteria, or particles in milk from each of the cows.
Milk quality analyzing equipment that can be used in the present invention comprise conductivity meters as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,762,371; U.S. Pat. No. 5,416,417; U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,903; U.S. Pat. No. 6,307,362 B1; and U.S. Pat. no. 6,378,455 B1, ion selective sensors as those disclosed in WO 2005/0068; U.S. Pat. No. 494,844,097; U.S. Pat. No. 6,290,838 B1; U.S. Pat. No. 6,297,871 B1; chemiluminescence activity measurement devices as that disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,297,045, and optical detector devices as those disclosed in WO 00/27183, EP 1 180 675 A2; EP 1 000 535 A1; DD 293 429 A5; WO 2004/073391; and J. A. Baro, P. roldán, C. E. Carleos, G. J. Grillo, and M. A. Pérez, Video microscopy as an alternative method for somatic cell count in milk, journal of dairy research (2005) 72, 93-100, either directly or after modifications readily made by a person skilled in the art. The contents of the above documents are hereby incorporated by reference.
In one version the milk quality analyzing equipment is provided for measuring the occurrence of flocculation in milk from each of the cows. Conveniently, the milk quality analyzing equipment is in this embodiment provided for non-contacting measurements, particularly optical measurements. Pre-milk form a single teats or from several teats of a cow is led to a measurement cell, which may advantageously be arranged close to the teat(s) of the cow during pre-milking; and images are taken by a digital camera continuously or intermittently. Floccules are detected automatically in the images by suitable digital imaging processing software.
Teat and/or udder inspection equipment may be based on optical sensors as those referred to above, ultrasound sensors, thermo sensors, etc.
Additionally, or alternatively, the milk and/or teat and/or udder inspection equipment may comprise electronic noses as being disclosed in WO01/14874 and odour sampling devices with olfactory sensors as being disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,697,326, the contents of which being hereby incorporated by reference. Such devices may be capable of detecting the occurrence of different types of bacteria such as, for instance, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis and others, as well as detecting the odour from a cow to thereby establish a general condition of the cow.
The cow identification device 8 is provided for identifying the cows before or after having entered the teat preparation station. The cow identification device 8 can therefore be located outside the teat preparation station 1 in front of the entrance gate 3a or outside the exit gate 4a, even though it is located inside the teat preparation station 1 in a preferred version.
The teat preparation station 1 of the present invention can be used with any kind of semi-batch milking system such as a rotary milking system or true batch milking system such as Herringbone or parallel stall milking systems. It may also be used with a milking system comprising one or several voluntary or automatic milking stations.
Generally, the milking system 11 comprises at least one milking stall 13 or milking position, at which a cow can be milked using milking equipment provided in the milking stall 13. Typically, a plurality of milking stalls 13 are provided to allow several cows to be milked simultaneously. Preferably, the milking system 11 has a processing and control device 14 for the main processing and control of the milking system and at least one robot arm 15 for attaching milking equipment to the teats of the cows that are present in the milking system 11. In the illustrated case, a rotary milking system 11 having 20 milking stalls is disclosed.
In one version, the processing and control device 7 is provided to automatically determine, for each of the cows present in the teat preparation area 2 of the teat preparation station 1, whether the cow is healthy or ill; and to automatically notify the processing and control device of the milking system of ill cows among the cows. Hereby, the milking system 11 knows in advance which cows are ill and when ill cows enter the milking system 11 proper action(s) can be taken immediately.
The traffic pattern of cows 10 through the teat preparation station 1 and the milking system 11 is indicated by arrows in
The teat preparation station of
With reference next to
Further, the processing and control device 7 controls the first 4a and second exit gates 21a of the teat preparation station 1 so that each of the cows present in the teat preparation station 1 is automatically allowed to leave the teat preparation station 1 through a selected one of the first 4 and second 21 exits. Preferably the selection of the exit is made based on the result of the analysis made by the analyzing equipment.
The milking system 11 illustrated in
Conveniently, a further teat preparation station (not illustrated) may be arranged in front of the lower row of milking stalls 13 for preparation of teats of cows intended to be milked in the milking stalls 13 of the lower row. The further teat preparation station may be configured to operate in a similar manner as the illustrated teat preparation station.
In one version, the teat preparation station 1 comprises functionality in order to automatically determine, for each of the cows that enter the teat preparation station 1, whether the cow is healthy or ill. The processing and control device 7 controls then the first 4a and second exit gates 21a of the teat preparation station 1 so that healthy cows are automatically allowed to leave the teat preparation station 1 through the first exit 4 and to move on to the milking system 11, whereas ill cows are allowed to leave the teat preparation station 1 through said second exit 21 and to move on to the waiting, treating, resting, and/or feeding area 22. In the area 22 the ill cows are kept while the healthy cows are milked in the milking system with the purpose of milking the ill cows in the milking system 11 after having milked the healthy cows, or with the purpose of milking the ill cows at another occasion.
During the waiting time that cows can be treated, allowed to rest, or fed.
A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
The milking system 11 illustrated in
In
The teat preparation station of
Only cows that are to be milked in the milking system 11 are preferably allowed to enter the milking system 11. Hereby, the utilization of the milking system 11 can be increased. Further, as was the case with the embodiment of
In a yet further embodiment of the present invention, any of the teat preparation stations 1 illustrated in
The substance may be a cleaning substance such as a detergent, a cleaning additive, a disinfection substance such as iodine, a pre-milking dipping substance such as a halogen-containing hydrocarbon substance, or a trace substance mixed with any other active substance and used for the sole purpose as a tracer for the active substance with which it was mixed.
After the application of the substance the teats of the cow are cleaned and/or flushed with e.g. pure water thereby intending to remove the substance from the teats of the cow so that the substance will not contaminate milk during subsequent milking of the cow. The substance may alternatively be removed by other means.
After having cleaned or flushed the teats of the cow, the analyzing equipment 6, which in this embodiment comprises teat analyzing equipment, automatically measures the substance applied to the teats of the cow either directly at teats of the cow or by analyzing a fluid that is passed by the teats of the cow.
If the substance is still present, a further cleaning or flushing procedure of the teats may be performed, or a neutralizing agent or chemical reactant may be added, whichever will be the case, to remove residues of the substance that are still left at the teats. After this, the presence of the substance at the teats of is advantageously measured again to ensure that the substance is efficiently removed. If required the steps of removing residues of the substance from the teats of the cow and measuring presence of the substance at the teats of the cow may have to be repeated.
This embodiment of the invention may be employed in any kind of teat preparation module, that is, not only in any of the teat preparation stations 1 of
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0701116-6 | May 2007 | SE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE2008/050528 | 5/7/2008 | WO | 00 | 7/30/2010 |
