Patent Application
20250106754
This application claims the benefit of European Patent Application Number 23 203 223.5 filed on Oct. 12, 2023 and European Patent Application Number 23 198 896.5 filed on Sep. 21, 2023, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated herein by way of reference.
The present disclosure generally relates to a method performed by a user equipment, UE, a computer program, a UE and a system.
In various scenarios, it may be difficult to establish a communication connection between a UE and one of a plurality of available base stations. As a non-limiting example, in Direct Air to Ground communications (DATG) between a UE onboard an aircraft, referred to as aUE in the following, and base stations (BS) of a terrestrial mobile communication network (TMCN), the communication between the aUE and the TMCN may be handed over from a serving Base Station (BS) to another BS (also referred to as handover target or target base station in the following) as the aircraft moves along a flight trajectory towards its destination. In contrast to UEs on ground, an airborne aUE may experience significant amounts of interference caused by the transmission of other non-serving BSs in radio range.
The identification of a BS to which the communication of a UE is handed over may be performed by selecting the handover target according to, e.g., an average receive power observed by a UE that is obtained from a set of reference symbols embedded in a BSs transmit signal. In an LTE or 5G deployment scenario, a ground-based UE may be able to detect synchronization signals (SS) of a large number of BSs and compute the respective reference signal receiver power (RSRP) levels which are reported back to the TMCN by means of a measurement report. The TMCN may, in case of a conventional handover process, select a handover target based on the measurements report using a proprietary decision making process implemented by the network operator. In case of a conditional handover process, the potential handover target candidates may be notified to prepare for the handover and the decision to which of these candidates the handover will be performed may be made by the UE.
In general, it should be ensured that a UE is handed over to a BS with suitable signal strength. This procedure works well in noise limited environments. However, in DATG, an airborne aUE operates in an environment with strong interferences.
In view of the above and other problems, the present disclosure provides for a method, a UE, computer program and a system as defined in the appended claims.
According to a first aspect, a method performed by a mobile user equipment, UE, is provided. The method comprises obtaining measurement information from a mobile phased array antenna, PAA. The measurement information indicates, for at least one of a plurality of signals received by the PAA from a plurality of base stations, a received power, RP. The method comprises determining, for the at least one of the signals, a quality measure based on the RP of said at least one of the signals. The method comprises transmitting, to a network node, a first message indicating the determined quality measure and enabling the network node to select at least one of the plurality of base stations as a target base station for a communication connection with the UE.
The PAA and the UE may be co-located. The PAA and the UE may be configured to move in unison. The PAA and the UE may both be located onboard and/or fixedly installed on a same vehicle such as an aircraft or an automotive vehicle.
The PAA may be communicatively connected to the UE. The UE may be configured as a modem. The UE may be configured to relay user data traffic from a mobile end-user device (e.g., a mobile phone) towards one of the base stations with which the UE has an established communication connection.
Each of the plurality of signals may be received by the PAA from a different one of the plurality of base stations. The signals may be base station-specific (e.g., indicate an identifier and/or location of the respective base station).
The first message may configure the network node to select at least one of the plurality of base stations as a target base station. The first message may indicate the base station associated with the determined quality measure. For example, the first message includes an identifier of a base station and the determined quality measure, and optionally further includes an indication of an association of the identifier and the determined quality measure (e.g., in case more than one quality measure is included in the first message). This may allow the network node to select the at least one of the plurality of base stations based on the associated quality measure. The network node may be part of a core network (CN) such as a CN of a TMCN. The TMCN may comprise the plurality of base stations. The first message may be transmitted by the UE via the PAA to a base station (e.g., one of the plurality of base stations or another base station), for example to a base station having an established communication connection with the UE, and may be forwarded by said base station to the network node. The first message may be transmitted periodically.
The quality measure may be indicative of a degree of interference. The quality measure may be indicative of a degree of interference of the at least one of the signals by at least one of: {i} one or more other ones of the signals (e.g., signals of other base stations); {ii} further signals received by the PAA from signal-emitting entities, such as other UEs; {iii} noise. The quality measure may comprise a Signal to Interference and Noise power Ratio (SINR).
The method may further comprise obtaining location information indicative of locations at which the plurality of BSs are arranged. The location information may be obtained from the network node (e.g., via the established communication connection). The location information may be obtained from signals emitted (e.g., broadcasted) by one or more of the BSs. As a mere example, the location information may be broadcasted in a Master Information Block (OR) or System Information Block (SiB) or equivalent entities.
The method may comprise controlling the PAA to perform measurements with a beam configuration that is based on the location information. For example, the UE may configure the PAA with a beam configuration having a main beam that is directed to a location of one of the BSs as indicated by the location information.
The method may comprise deriving the RP for the at least one of the signals from the measurement information. Deriving the RP may comprise calibrating a measured signal strength of one or more or all of the received signals (e.g., relative to one another or relative to an absolute reference). The method may comprise deriving the RP for the at least one of the signals from the measurement information based on the location information. The RP may be derived from the measurement information further based on at least one spatial antenna gain of the PAA. The at least one spatial antenna gain may comprise one or both of {i} a spatial antenna gain of the PAA present when receiving one or more of the plurality of signals (e.g., with the PAA in a beam configuration or in an isotropic configuration) and {ii} a spatial antenna gain of the PAA in a beam configuration in which a main beam is directed towards one of the base stations.
The measurement information may indicate the RP for each of a plurality of beam configurations of the PAA with which beam configurations the signals were received by the PAA at different points in time (e.g., when performing a beam scanning procedure with the PAA for acquiring the measurement information). The quality measure may be determined for each of two or more of the plurality of beam configurations. The first message may be indicative of each determined quality measure.
As a mere example, for a given base station, only the quality measure with the largest value (e.g., a highest SINR) may be contained in the first message. The first message may comprise one value of the quality measure per base station. In other words, only one quality measure may be reported (e.g., for each base station measured with a specific beam pattern at the UE). The first message may indicate which of the base stations is associated with the largest value of the quality measure for a given beam pattern. The information about the beam pattern may not be transmitted in the first message.
The measurement information may indicate the RP for an isotropic configuration with which isotropic configuration the signals were received by the PAA.
The quality measure may be associated with correlation information comprising one or more of: {i} an identifier of the BS for which the quality measure was determined, {ii} an indication of a location of the BS for which the quality measure was determined, {iii} an indication of a direction of a main beam of a beam configuration of the PAA. The first message may indicate at least a part of the correlation information.
The method may further comprise receiving, from the network node, a second message indicating the at least one base station selected by the network node based on the first message. The second message may indicate correlation information associated with (e.g., the quality measure determined by the UE for) the selected at least one base station. The method may comprise establishing a (e.g., DATG) communication connection with one of the selected at least one base station and/or performing a handover procedure to one of the selected at least one base station. The method may comprise configuring the PAA with a beam configuration based on a location of one of the selected at least one station (e.g., as indicated by the second message and/or the location information). The method may comprise choosing (e.g., the) one of the selected at least one base station for establishing the communication connection and/or performing the handover.
For example, the quality measure is only determined for a subset of the plurality of base stations. Alternatively, or in addition, the first message may indicate the quality measure only for a subset of the plurality of base stations. The method may further comprise obtaining movement information indicative of a predicted movement of the UE and/or the PAA and/or the vehicle. The method may comprise defining the subset of the plurality of base stations based on the movement information.
According to a second aspect, a computer program is provided. The computer program comprises instructions which, when the program is executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out the method of the first aspect.
According to a third aspect, a user equipment, UE, is provided. The UE comprises at least one processor configured to carry out the method of the first aspect.
According to a fourth aspect, a system is provided. The system comprises the UE of the third aspect and the PAA. The system may further comprise one or more of the base stations.
Details of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to the Figures, wherein:
The PAA 6 is communicatively connected to the UE 4 (e.g., via a wired connection). Both the UE 4 and the PAA 6 are both mobile. The UE 4 and the PAA 6 may be co-located, for example in a same vehicle 10. The vehicle 10 may be a public transport vehicle such as an aircraft, a bus or train. The PAA 6 and the UE 4 may both be permanently installed in the vehicle 10. The UE may be configured as an aUE. The UE 4 may be configured as a modem for a handheld device of a passenger or crew of the vehicle.
The UE 4 comprises at least one processor 12 and at least one memory 14. The at least one memory 14 stores instructions that, when performed by the at least one processor 12, case the at least one processor 12 to carry out the method disclosed herein. The UE 4 may be configured to control the PAA 6.
Also shown in
The method performed by the UE 4 includes a step of obtaining measurement information from the PAA 6. The UE 4 may control the PAA 6 to perform the required measurement(s) so as to obtain the measurement information. The measurement information may be based on beam-based measurements(s) and/or isotropic measurement(s) of the PAA 6. For the beam-based measurement(s), the PAA 6 may be configured in a predefined beam configuration, in particular with a reception beam pattern. For the isotropic measurement(s), the PAA 6 may be configured with an isotropic reception pattern. In any case, the measurement information is indicative of a RP of at least one of a plurality of signals received by the PAA from the BS(s) 16a-16d. This means that the RP is either explicitly indicated in the measurement information (e.g., as an exact numerical value) or that the RP can be derived from the measurement information (e.g., by the UE 4). The signals received by the PAA 6 may comprise reference signals, RS. In this case, the RP of these respective signals may be a RSRP.
The method comprises determining, for the at least one of the signals, a quality measure based on the RP of said at least one of the signals. The quality measure may be a relative quality measure indicating a quality of the at least one of the signals relative to other signals or indicating a quality of a signal of a certain BS relative to signals of one or more other BSs. The quality measure may be indicative of a signal quality (e.g., of the at least one of the signals) in consideration of interference (e.g., from one or more other signals, for example one or more other signals received by the PAA 6). For example, a value of the quality measure may be higher in case of less interference and lower in case of more interference. The quality measure may comprise or be a Signal to Interference and Noise power Ratio, SINR.
The quality measure may be associated with correlation information comprising one or more of: {i} an identifier of the BS for which the quality measure was determined (e.g., derived by the UE 4 from the respective signal), {ii} an indication of a location of the BS for which the quality measure was determined (e.g., obtained from the UE 4 from one of the BSs 16-16d or stored by the UE 4 in advance), {iii} an indication of a direction of a main beam of a beam configuration with which the PAA received the signal for which the quality measure was determined (e.g., an angular direction).
The method further comprises transmitting, to the network node 17, a first message indicating the determined quality measure. This first message enables the network node 17 to select at least one of the plurality of base stations 16a-16d as a target base station for a communication connection with the UE 4. In other words, the network node 17 can select the at least one base station based on the determined quality measure obtained from the UE 4, which quality measure is based on signals that were not directly received by the UE 4 as such, but rather by the PAA 6. To the network node 17, the UE 4 acts like any user equipment capable of communicating with the BSs 16a-16d. In one implementation, the network node 17 is and/or remains agnostic of the UE 4 having obtained the measurements via the PAA 6.
The first message may be or comprise a measurement report indicative of the determined at least one quality measure. The measurement report may, in addition to the at least one quality measure, also indicate the associated correlation information. The method may comprise receiving, from the network node (e.g., via one of the plurality of base stations 16a-16d), in response to the measurement report, instructions for performing the establishment of the communication connection and/or for performing (e.g., participating in) the handover procedure. In case a conventional handover is to be performed, the instructions may indicate exactly one target BS. In case a conditional handover is to be performed, the instructions may comprise an indication of a plurality of (e.g., potential) target BSs, one of which is to be chosen by the UE 4 and/or instructions for the UE 4 to choose one target BS from the plurality of (e.g., potential) BSs 16a-16d.
The method may comprise configuring the PAA 6 with a beam configuration so as to form a main beam toward one of the selected BSs for establishing the communication connection with said BS. The PAA 6 in the beam configuration may also exhibit one or more side beams. It is possible to perform a handover procedure to one of the selected BSs 16a-16d. Performing such a handover procedure may comprise handing over a connection between the UE and a serving BS to another BS (e.g., the handover target BS). The handover may occur during movement of the UE, for example during flight of an aircraft in which the aUE is situated. The quality measure may be determined for each of two or more of the plurality of BSs and the communication connection may be established with or handed over to one of the two or more of the plurality of BSs (e.g., with the target BSs having, among the two or more BSs, a most preferable quality measure such as a quality measure with a highest value).
Two variants of the method performed by the UE 4 (e.g., in combination with the PAA 6) will now be explained in detail with reference to
According to the first variant, measurements are performed with the PAA 6 in a beam configuration. For example, several measurements of the RP are performed with the PAA 6 in one particular beam configuration. Alternatively, or in addition, a plurality of measurements may be performed at different points in time, wherein the PAA 6 may be configured (e.g., by the UE 4) with a measurement-specific (e.g., unique) beam pattern 18 for each of the plurality of measurements. The latter approach may be generally referred to as beam scanning, as the direction of the main beam 20 differs between the beam configurations and, thus, varies over time.
In a first example of the beam scanning approach, the plurality of measurements are performed for all possible beam patterns with which the PAA 6 can be configured. It is thus possible to perform the plurality of measurements for all potential directions of the main beam 20 that can be provided by the PAA 6.
In a second example of the beam scanning approach, the plurality of measurements are performed only for beam patterns that result in main beams 20 directed towards one of the BSs 16a-16d. In this example, the UE 4 may use location information indicative of the locations of the BSs 16a-16d to select and/or determine the beam patterns to be used for the measurements.
In the beam scanning approach, the method may comprise periodically steering the main beam 20 of the PAA 6 such that a given area relative to the PAA 6, in particular an area having a respective BS 16a-16d located therein, is covered by the main beam 20.
The measurement information may indicate the RP for each of a plurality of beam configurations and/or main beam directions. The measurement information may (e.g., explicitly or implicitly) indicate the RP for each signal emitted by the plurality of BSs 16a-16d that is received by the PAA 6. The PAA 6 may periodically measure the RP of the signals received from each BA 16a-16d, for example by acquiring the RSRP from each base station's transmission signal.
The UE 4 may then associate each of these RPs with the beam configuration (e.g., theta and phi angles of the antenna's main beam 20) applied at the time of measurement, as part of the correlation information. The UE 4 may identify the BSs 16a-16d for example by decoding a BS identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier) from the received signals (e.g., from primary and/or secondary synchronization blocks thereof) and associate the RPs with (e.g., the identifier and/or the location of) the BSs as part of the correlation information.
The UE 4 may determine, based on the measurement information, a maximum RP (e.g., and the associated theta and phi angles) for each BS, and may determine the RPs of all other BSs observed at the time at which the maximum RP was detected. In other words, the RPs of all signals received in a given beam configuration of the PAA 6 may be compared with one another and the maximum RP may be selected. The UE 4 may determine the SINR for the BS having said maximum RP. Specifically, the SINR can be determined for each BS form which a signal was received and measured to determine its RP, and optionally also for each beam pattern. For a given BS, the beam pattern with a maximum RP may be different from a beam pattern yielding the maximum SINR. Furthermore, the SINR may be determined as the selected maximum RP relative to the sum of the other RPs associated with the same beam configuration. That is, the method may comprise determining, based on a highest RP of a received signal as measured with the PAA 6 configured in a given beam pattern, and based on the RPs of other received signals measured with the PAA 6 configured in the given beam pattern, the SINR of the received signal. The quality measure may comprise or be an intra-beam-configuration SINR (e.g., a SINR determined exclusively based on measurements obtained with the PAA 6 configured with a given beam pattern). In the example of
The method may comprise determining a plurality of maximum SINR values, each being associated with an identifier of a BS 16a-16d and the direction of the main beam 20 for which the maximum SINR value was determined. This plurality of maximum SINR values with the associated correlation information may then be transmitted to the network node 17 in the first message.
According to the second variant, one or more measurements may be performed, wherein the PAA 6 may be configured (e.g., by the UE 4) in an isotropic configuration 24 for each of the one or more measurements. The isotropic configuration 24 may also be referred to as an omnidirectional configuration. In the isotropic configuration 24, the PAA 6 may be configured such that its antenna pattern matches as close as possible a pattern of an isotropic radiator.
The method may comprise determining, based on the one or more measurements, the RPs (e.g., RSRPs) of the BSs transmission signals received by the PAA 6 in the isotropic configuration 24. The UE 4 may identify the BSs 16a-16d for example by decoding a BS identifier (e.g., a physical cell identifier) from the received signals (e.g., from primary and/or secondary synchronization blocks thereof) and associate the RPs with (e.g., the identifier and/or the location of) the BSs as part of the correlation information.
The method may further comprise obtaining location information indicative of locations at which the plurality of BSs 16a-16d are arranged. The location information may be predefined and/or stored in the at least one memory of the UE 4. It is also possible for the UE 4 to obtain the location information from the network node 17 (e.g., via one or more of the BSs 16a-16d). For example, the method may comprise extracting the location information from (e.g., a 5G Service Information Block and/or a Master Information Block of) the signal(s) received from the BS(s) 16a-16d. The method may comprise determining a relative spatial relationship between the BSs 16a-16d and the UE 4 and/or the PAA 6 and/or the vehicle 10. The relative spatial relationship may comprise an angular location of the respective BS relative to the PAA 6 (e.g., indicated by a theta and a phi angle of the PAA 6).
The method may comprise deriving the (e.g., calibrated) RP to be used for establishing the communication connection from the measurement information based on the location information. Alternatively, or in addition, the method may comprise calibrating the RPs, determined based on the received signal, based on the location information. Calibrating the RPs may comprise multiplying each RP with an inverse of a location-dependent isotropic antenna gain of the PAA 6 in the isotropic configuration. The location-specific isotropic antenna gain may be referred to as angle-dependent isotropic gain or spatial gain of the PAA 6 in the isotropic configuration. In other words, the method may comprise calibrating the RPs determined based on the one or more measurements by multiplying each of the RPs with an isotropic antenna gain factor associated with the location of the BS for which transmission signal the respective RP was determined. The isotropic antenna gain factor may be associated with the relative spatial relationship between said BS and the PAA 6. If the isotropic antenna gain is approximately continuous across a predefined angular range, the measures RPs may be used without applying the isotropic antenna gain factor, i.e., the isotropic antenna gain may be disregarded.
Referring to
Generally speaking, in the second variant using the isotropic antenna configuration, the UE 4 may simulate the SINR based on the (e.g., calibrated) RPs and a spatial antenna gain that the PAA 6 would exhibit when configured in a beam configuration in which a main beam 28 is directed towards one of the base stations.
The UE 4 may determine, based on the location information, for one or more of the BSs 16a-16d, a beam configuration resulting in a beam pattern 26 and/or a direction of a main beam 28 corresponding to the location of the respective BS 16a-16d. This is exemplarily illustrated in
The UE 4 may determine an, based on the measurement results of the PAA 6 in the isotropic antenna configuration, an expected RP for a signal of the respective BS 16a-16d that would be present if the beam pattern 26 and/or the direction of the main beam 28 were applied. In the example of
The UE 4 may determine an expected interference power level resulting from a summation of the RPs, the calibrated RPs or the expected RPs of all other BSs that would be present if the beam pattern 26 and/or the direction of the main beam 28 were applied. This may account for individual attenuation factors of the PAA 6 that are applicable to each (e.g., calibrated or expected) RP contributing to the interference power.
The UE 4 may determine the SINR for a transmission signal of the respective BS (in
As in the first variant, the method may comprise determining a plurality of maximum SINR values, each being associated with an identifier of a BS 16a-16d and the direction of the main beam 28 for which the maximum SINR value was determined. In other words, a maximum SINR may be determined for each BS from which signals are received by the PAA 6. This plurality of maximum SINR values with the associated correlation information may then be transmitted to the one of the BSs in the measurement report.
Both the first and second variant can be used to yield a plurality of SINR estimates associated with an identifier of the BS for which the SINR estimate was obtained and the theta and phi angles of the PAA in direction to this BS. These SINR estimates may then be communicated to the network node 17, e.g., in the form of the measurement report, for either (i) the core network or (ii) in case of a conditional handover procedure the UE 4 to select the handover target with the most suitable (e.g., highest) SINR estimate.
The UE 4 may compare each determined SINR against a minimum SINR threshold. Those SINRs which fall below the SINR threshold may not be communicated to the network node 17 and, therefore, not be considered as handover targets. The UE 4 may consider its movement trajectory and exclude SINR values from the measurement report that are associated with BSs that will (e.g., within a predefined time period) no longer be in reach of the PAA 6 (e.g., exhibit a predefined minimum RP). This means that the network node 17 may not consider such excluded BSs as handover targets. The UE 4 may also save processing resources by not even determining the quality measure for such BSs.
The UE 4 may periodically transmit the measurement report to a serving BS (e.g., one of the BSs 16a-16d), which may then forward the report to the network node 17 and/or the core network of the TMCN. The measurement report may include one or more of RSRP, RSRQ and SINR values obtained from measurements of synchronization signals broadcasted by the BSs 16a-16d in radio range of the PAA 6. In one example, the determination of the SINR values may be shifted to the network node 17 by only providing the measured (e.g., calibrated and/or expected) RPs to the network node 17.
The network node 17 may evaluate the measurement report to select at least one target base station from the BSs 16a-16d to one of which an established communication connection with the UE 4 can be handed over. In case of a conventional handover, the network node 17 may determine exactly one target base station and inform the UE 4 of this target base station. In case of conditional handovers, the network node 17 may notify a set of target BSs obtained from the UE's measurement report, to prepare for a conditional handover. The handover in that case may be performed by the UE choosing the target BS (e.g., based on RSRP, RSRQ and/or SINR values in line with a given trigger condition (e.g., provided by the network node 17)) from a list of selected target BSs provided from the network node 17 to the UE 4 in response to the measurement report. This list may be generated by the network node 17 based on current usage of the BSs 16a-16d (e.g., by other UEs) and/or other criteria.
The SINR estimate of the selected handover target may implicitly account for the capability of the UE 4 to steer the main beam 20, 28 PAA 6 into the direction of corresponding BS using the theta and phi angles associated with the SINR estimate to amplify the signal of the handover target and attenuate the signals of all other BSs in radio range of the PAA 6.
The technique disclosed herein may enable selecting a handover target based on a maximum SINR determined based on measurement(s) performed by or via the PAA 6 communicatively connected to the UE 4. The technique may improve communication performance between the UE 4 and a BS 16-16d of a TMCN by providing the network operator with the means to select a handover target according to a SINR based optimization criterion, where the SINR values provided account for the capability of the UE 4 to steer the PAA 6 such that the signal component of the handover target is amplified and the signal components of all non-serving BSs in radio range are attenuated for improving the SINR. This approach may be particularly useful in interference limited environments such as DATG communication.
The technique enables using the PAA 6 communicatively connected to the UE 4 for searching a BS to which a communication connection can be handed over from a currently serving BS, such that a handover target with suitable SINR respectively communication performance can be determined. During the measurements, the PAA 6 may be controlled by the UE 4 such that the signal of the potential target BS is amplified and signals from other non-serving base stations are attenuated by the PAA 6. For instance, the signal of the target base station is amplified by the gain of the PAA's main beam 20, 28 and signals from other non-serving BSs are attenuated by the PAA side beams. Accordingly, a handover target may be selected based on an SINR criterion where the SINR is maximized by the capability of the PAA 6 at the UE's location to amplify the signal of a potential handover target and attenuate interference from other BSs in radio range. Maximizing the SINR is equivalent to maximizing communication performance. The PAA 6 can also be used for communications (e.g., via the established communication connection and/or with the target BS).
When using the beam scanning approach of the isotropic antenna configuration, the risk of not receiving signals from BSs that are potentially within reach of the PAA 6 can be minimized, as “blind areas” of the PAA 6 are reduced.
The location information not only helps to identify an antenna gain factor associated with the location of a BS from which a signal is received by the PAA, but may also be used in conjunction with movement information indicative of a predicted (e.g., planned) movement (e.g., a flight path) of the vehicle in which the UE 4 and the PAA 6 are located to exclude one or more of the BSs as potential target BSs. This may be done by the UE 4 (e.g., by not reporting quality measures of such BSs to the network node 17) or by the network node 17 (e.g., by not selecting such BSs as target BS).
The systems and devices described herein may include a controller or a computing device comprising a processing and a memory which has stored therein computer-executable instructions for implementing the processes described herein. The processing unit may comprise any suitable devices configured to cause a series of steps to be performed so as to implement the method such that instructions, when executed by the computing device or other programmable apparatus, may cause the functions/acts/steps specified in the methods described herein to be executed. The processing unit may comprise, for example, any type of general-purpose microprocessor or microcontroller, a digital signal processing (DSP) processor, a central processing unit (CPU), an integrated circuit, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a reconfigurable processor, other suitably programmed or programmable logic circuits, or any combination thereof.
The memory may be any suitable known or other machine-readable storage medium. The memory may comprise non-transitory computer readable storage medium such as, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The memory may include a suitable combination of any type of computer memory that is located either internally or externally to the device such as, for example, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), compact disc read-only memory (CDROM), electro-optical memory, magneto-optical memory, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), and electrically-erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), Ferroelectric RAM (FRAM) or the like. The memory may comprise any storage means (e.g., devices) suitable for retrievably storing the computer-executable instructions executable by processing unit.
The methods and systems described herein may be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming or scripting language, or a combination thereof, to communicate with or assist in the operation of the controller or computing device. Alternatively, the methods and systems described herein may be implemented in assembly or machine language. The language may be a compiled or interpreted language. Program code for implementing the methods and systems described herein may be stored on the storage media or the device, for example a ROM, a magnetic disk, an optical disc, a flash drive, or any other suitable storage media or device. The program code may be readable by a general or special-purpose programmable computer for configuring and operating the computer when the storage media or device is read by the computer to perform the procedures described herein.
Computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, including modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc., that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically, the functionality of the modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.
It will be appreciated that the systems and devices and components thereof may utilize communication through any of various network protocols such as TCP/IP, Ethernet, FTP, HTTP and the like, and/or through various wireless communication technologies such as GSM, CDMA, Wi-Fi, and WiMAX, is and the various computing devices described herein may be configured to communicate using any of these network protocols or technologies.
Various modifications of the technique disclosed herein are possible. For example, the first variant of the method may be combined with the second variant (e.g., by performing beam-based measurements and isotropic measurements for determining the RPs). This may improve the reliability of the (e.g., calibrated and/or estimated and/or determined) RPs. Further modifications and advantages of the present disclosure may be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the claims, description and figures.
While at least one exemplary embodiment of the present invention(s) is disclosed herein, it should be understood that modifications, substitutions and alternatives may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art and can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover any adaptations or variations of the exemplary embodiment(s). In addition, in this disclosure, the terms “comprise” or “comprising” do not exclude other elements or steps, the terms “a” or “one” do not exclude a plural number, and the term “or” means either or both. Furthermore, characteristics or steps which have been described may also be used in combination with other characteristics or steps and in any order unless the disclosure or context suggests otherwise. This disclosure hereby incorporates by reference the complete disclosure of any patent or application from which it claims benefit or priority.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23198896.5 | Sep 2023 | EP | regional |
| 23203223.5 | Oct 2023 | EP | regional |
