Patent Grant
9654811
The invention relates to a communications system and method, and more particularly to a community access television (CATV) system and method for providing program material through a network having limited bandwidth.
Cable television is typically provided by delivering digital television programming through a community access television (CATV) system to subscribers. Specifically, in delivering the digital television programming, a headend in the CATV system distributes program data streams containing program materials through different channels of a distribution network, which occupy specified frequency bands. The program data stream for each channel is used to modulate a carrier associated with the channel. The resulting modulated carriers are combined and transmitted through the distribution network to a service area node, where the combined modulated carries are provided to a neighborhood. A subscriber in the neighborhood utilizes a set-top terminal to receive the combined modulated carriers and tune to a desired channel to obtain the program material from the associated modulated carrier.
In prior art, the combined modulated carriers provided to a neighborhood contain program materials of all channels used in a CATV system. However, as a cable TV provider uses an increasing number of channels to deliver additional program materials to attain a larger subscription, the number of available channels will soon run out. Thus, an urgent need arises where an efficient utilization of the limited bandwidth of the distribution network is required to deliver the additional program materials.
I have recognized that use of the distribution network bandwidth in a prior art CATV system is inefficient in that each program channel is fixedly assigned to one of the M carriers for transmission of its program material, where M represents the maximum number of carriers which the limited network bandwidth can accommodate. In addition, all of the program channels are simultaneously made available to each set-top terminal in a neighborhood. As a result, the number of program channels that a prior art CATV system can provide cannot exceed M.
The invention overcomes the prior art limitations by dynamically assigning carriers to carry program materials of only those program channels selected by the set-top terminals (or subscribers) in a neighborhood. Advantageously, the number of program channels that the inventive CATV system can provide, although not simultaneously, can exceed M. In accordance with the invention, a collection of program materials attributed to different program channels carried by assigned carriers are provided to a group of terminals on an as needed basis. When a terminal in the group issues a request for selected program material, a controller determines whether the selected program material has been included in the collection. If it is determined that the selected program material is not included in the collection, the controller causes the newly-selected program material to be added to the collection provided to the group of terminals. To that end, the controller assigns an unused carrier to carry the newly-selected material. A control message responsive to the request is then generated by the controller to the requesting terminal, which contains the identity of the assigned carrier. The requesting terminal may then tune to the identified carrier to obtain the requested program material.
In accordance with an aspect of the invention, any carrier which is assigned to carry program material no longer selected by any terminal in the group is retired and put in reserve for reassignment.
The present disclosure addresses the foregoing needs by providing, in various embodiments, methods and apparatus for effectively providing program material in a cable television system.
In a first aspect, an apparatus configured to provide a plurality of content elements to a group of terminals is disclosed. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises: an interface configured to communicate to each of the terminals in the group and a processor in communication with the interface and configured to execute at least one computer program thereon, the computer program comprising a plurality of instructions. In one variant, the instructions are configured to, when executed: (i) assign a plurality of carriers to carry the plurality of content elements to each terminal in the group of terminals; (ii) process a request for a selected content element received from an individual one of the terminals in the group; and (iii) cause the interface to communicate to at least the individual one of the terminals in the group, information identifying at least one particular carrier from among the plurality of carriers which is assigned to carry the selected content element.
In a second aspect, a system is disclosed. In one embodiment, the system is configured to transmit a plurality of content streams comprising one or more content elements selected by individual ones of a group of terminals and comprises: (i) a control unit configured to associate one or more carriers with respective ones of the one or more content elements; (ii) a modulator unit; and (iii) a switching unit configured to route a plurality of data streams to the modulator unit, each of the plurality of data streams respectively representing individual ones of said one or more content elements selected by said individual ones of said group of terminals. The modulator unit is in one variant further configured to modulate the one or more carriers with the plurality of data streams representing the individual ones of the plurality of content elements associated therewith to generate the plurality of content streams.
In a third aspect, a method for providing one or more program materials to a group of terminals is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises: (i) assigning a respective carrier to carry each of a plurality of programs to all of a plurality of terminal in a group; (ii) processing a request for selected program materials received from an individual one of the group of terminals; and (iii) communicating, to at least the individual one of the group of terminals, information identifying an individual one of the assigned carriers configured to carry the selected program materials.
In a fourth aspect, a method for transmission of a plurality of content streams comprising one or more content elements selected by individual ones of a group of terminals is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method comprises: (i) associating one or more carriers with respective ones of the one or more content elements; (ii) routing a plurality of data streams to a modulator unit, each of the plurality of data streams respectively representing individual ones of the one or more content elements; and (iii) causing the modulator unit to modulate the one or more carriers with the plurality of data streams representing the individual ones of the one or more content elements associated therewith to generate the plurality of content streams.
Other features and advantages of the present disclosure will immediately be recognized by persons of ordinary skill in the art with reference to the attached drawings and detailed description of exemplary embodiments as given below.
Further objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing, in which:
The invention is directed to a technique for utilizing limited network bandwidth to distribute program materials to subscribers in a community access television (CATV) system. In accordance with the invention, the CATV system makes available to subscribers selected program channels, as opposed to all of the program channels furnished by the system as in prior art. In the inventive CATV system, the program channels are provided on an as needed basis, and are selected to serve the subscribers in the same neighborhood requesting those channels.
In headend 100, program material processing unit 102 receives program materials from various sources via satellites, terrestrial microwave transmissions, cable, etc. The program materials are processed by unit 102 to form K individual program data streams in a digital format, where K is an integer. Each program data stream contains program material, which requires a transmission channel having a specified frequency band for its distribution. In order to fully appreciate the invention, the term “transmission channel” used here should not be confused with a “program channel.” A “transmission channel” signifies a designated frequency band through which a program data stream containing program material is transmitted. On the other hand, a “program channel” signifies the source of the program material selected by a subscriber to view. For example, a subscriber may select program channel 2 to view program material provided by CBS, program channel 14 to view program material provided by ESPN; program channel 32 to view program material provided by MTV, etc. In this instance, there are K program channels corresponding to the K program data streams.
In accordance with the invention, under control of controller 112, switching unit 104 selects and switches a subset of the K program data streams, say, p program data streams to modulator bank 106, where p≧K. The program data streams in the subset are selected in a manner described below. Each selected program data stream is transmitted through a different transmission channel after it modulates a carrier associated with the transmission channel in a designated forward passband. As is well known, in the United States the designated forward passband for cable TV ranges from 50 MHz to 550 MHz.
In prior art, each program channel is fixedly assigned to one of the M carriers for transmission of its program material. In addition, all of the program channels are simultaneously made available to each set-top terminal in a neighborhood. As a result, the number of program channels that a prior art CATV system can provide cannot exceed M. However, the invention overcomes the prior art limitations by dynamically assigning carriers to carry program materials of only those program channels selected by the set-top terminals (or subscribers) in a neighborhood. Advantageously, the number of program channels that the inventive CATV system can provide, although not simultaneously, can exceed M. That is, K can be greater than M in this instance.
Thus, in accordance with the invention, controller 112 communicates to switching unit 104 through link 116, causing unit 104 to switch, to modulator bank 106, the selected p program data streams which contain the program channel materials selected aggregately by the subscribers in the neighborhood. As long as p≦M, which is very likely stemming from the fact that the majority at a given time watch only a few particular favorite program channels, controller 112 manages to assign p carriers to carry the respective data streams. To that end, controller 112 also specifies to unit 104 the selected inputs of modulator bank 106 to which the p data streams are switched.
In this instance, modulator bank 106 includes conventional modulators. Each input to modulator bank 106 is fed to a different modulator for modulating the input onto one of the M carriers. The p data streams are switched by unit 104 to the appropriate inputs of modulator bank 106 to be modulated onto the p assigned carriers, resulting in p data signals representing the modulated carriers, respectively. In addition, controller 112 transmits control messages described below, through link 114, to modulator bank 106 where a modulator modulates the control messages onto the aforementioned control carrier, resulting in a control signal representing the modulated control carrier.
Combiner 108 combines the p data signals and control signal to form a combined signal, which is fed to optical transceiver 110. The latter generates an optical signal representing the combined signal. The optical signal traverses optical fiber 113 to fiber node 122. A transceiver (not shown) in fiber node 122 which performs the inverse function to transceiver 110 converts the optical signal back to the combined signal in electrical form. The combined signal traverses cable distribution network 124 to service area node 126, where the combined signal is multicast to set-top terminals 128-1 through 128-L. A set-top terminal may tune to the control carrier frequency CCF and extract the control signal from the received combined signal. The control signal may contain information identifying the carrier which is assigned to carry the program channel material selected by the set-top terminal. Based on any such information, the set-top terminal tunes to the frequency of the identified carrier and extracts the corresponding data signal from the received combined signal. The selected program channel material is then derived in a well known manner from the extracted data signal for viewing.
Referring to
To manage the dynamic assignment of carriers for transmitting requested program channel materials to each neighborhood, an assignment table is used in this instance which is stored in memory 206.
When a subscriber at a set-top terminal selects a different program channel to watch, a request for material of the newly-selected program channel is sent from the set-top terminal to controller 118. It should be noted at this point that each of set-top terminals 128-1 through 128-L is pre-assigned with an identifier for identifying the set-top terminal.
Referring back to
Instructed by the first routine, processor 204 reads the received request, as indicated at step 502 in
In any event, the routine proceeds from step 518 to step 520 where processor 204 increments the value of NPCHX with X=f in assignment table 300 by one, reflecting the fact that an additional subscriber (or set-top terminal) in the neighborhood has selected program channel X=f to view. Referring back to step 508, if processor 204 determines that the value of NPCHX with X=f does not equal 0, i.e., at least one set top terminal currently receiving program channel X material carried by a previously assigned carrier, the routine proceeds to step 514. Processor 204 at step 514 looks up, in assignment table 300, the identity of the carrier previously assigned for program channel X=f. The routine then proceeds to step 518 described before.
After the first routine is completed, a second routine is invoked to perform a garbage collection function for retiring any carrier carrying program material which is no longer selected by any set-top terminal in the neighborhood. Instructed by this second routine, processor 204 at step 604 determines whether PCHOLD field 406 in the received request has a nonzero value g, 1>g>K. If not, i.e., the PCHOLD field value equal to “0” indicating that the subscriber's cable TV has just been turned on, the second routine comes to an end. Otherwise, processor 204 at step 606 looks up, in assignment table 300, the value of NPCHX with X=g in this case. At step 608, processor 204 decrements the NPCHX value just looked up by one, reflecting the fact that one fewer subscriber (or set-top terminal) in the neighborhood selected program channel X=g to view. Processor 204 at step 610 determines whether the resulting NPCHX value equals 0. If not, the second routine comes to an end. Otherwise, if NPCHX=0, i.e., program channel X=g no longer selected by any subscriber (or set-top terminal) in the neighborhood, the second routine proceeds to step 612. Processor 204 at step 612 searches assignment table 300 for the identity of the carrier assigned for program channel X=g. Processor 204 at step 614 communicates to switching unit 104, causing unit 104 to stop switching the program data stream corresponding to program channel X=g to modulator bank 106, thereby terminating the transmission of the program data stream otherwise carried by the identified carrier. Processor 204 at step 616 places the identified carrier in reserve by substituting the carrier identity entry with “Null” in assignment table 300.
The foregoing merely illustrates the principles of the invention. It will thus be appreciated that those skilled in the art will be able to devise numerous other arrangements which embody the principles of the invention and are thus within its spirit and scope.
For example, in the disclosed embodiment, system 10 is illustratively used to serve a single neighborhood. However, in another embodiment of the invention, system 10 is similarly used to serve multiple neighborhoods.
In addition, based on the disclosure heretofore, it is apparent that system 10 can readily accommodate what is known in the art as a picture-in-picture (PIP) feature providing simultaneous viewing of multiple program channels. In that ease, a set-top terminal supporting the PIP feature requests materials of multiple program channels and simultaneously tunes to the assigned carriers carrying the requested program materials.
Further, in the event that the carriers in CATV system 10 are oversubscribed, i.e., no available carrier can be assigned by controller 112 to carry new program material requested by a set-top terminal in the neighborhood, “blocking” may be implemented such that the requesting set-top terminal is temporarily denied access to the new program material. However, the requesting set-top terminal may be instructed by controller 112 to tune in the meantime to a pre-set channel reserved for the blocking purposes. For example, this pre-set channel may carry commercials, infomercials, coming movie attractions, etc., in addition to a stand-by notice informing the subscriber of the unavailability of the requested program material. Alternatively, controller 112 may transmit a text message including the stand-by notice to the requesting set-top terminal to be shown to the subscriber. In either event, as soon as a carrier becomes available, controller 112 transmits another notice to the requesting set-top terminal to inform the subscriber of the availability of the requested program material, followed by a control message identifying the carrier newly assigned to carry such material. In response to this control message, the set-top terminal tunes to the frequency of the identified carrier to obtain the requested program material.
Moreover, the request of
The request for deselecting a program channel may also be automatically generated by a set-top terminal in response to a lack of an audience. For example, the set-top terminal may incorporate detection technologies such as motion detectors, acoustic sensors and/or infrared sensors, which are used to detect presence of any viewers in front of the set-top terminal by their movement, voice and/or body heat. If it is determined that no viewer is present, the request for deselecting the program channel is automatically generated by the set-top terminal.
Finally, system 10 is disclosed herein in a form in which various functions are performed by discrete functional blocks. However, any one or more of these functions could equally well be embodied in an arrangement in which the functions of any one or more of those blocks or indeed, all of the functions thereof, are realized, for example, by one or more appropriately programmed processors such as digital signal processors (DSPs). Thus, for example, switching unit 104 and modulator bank 106 in system 10 may be realized by one or more DSPs. A DSP typically comprises a combination of digital logic devices and other components, which may be a state machine or implemented with a dedicated microprocessor or micro-controller running a software program or having functions programmed in firmware.
This application is a divisional of and claims priority to co-owned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/956,688 of the same title filed Sep. 20, 2001, issuing as U.S. Pat. No. 8,713,623 on Apr. 29, 2014, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4750213 | Novak | Jun 1988 | A |
| 5606359 | Youden et al. | Feb 1997 | A |
| 5642151 | Nusbickel et al. | Jun 1997 | A |
| 5708961 | Hylton et al. | Jan 1998 | A |
| 5818438 | Howe et al. | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5872588 | Aras et al. | Feb 1999 | A |
| 5940738 | Rao | Aug 1999 | A |
| 5983318 | Willson et al. | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6072982 | Haddad | Jun 2000 | A |
| 6198478 | Ota et al. | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6510556 | Kusaba et al. | Jan 2003 | B1 |
| 6543053 | Li et al. | Apr 2003 | B1 |
| 6583825 | Kwoh et al. | Jun 2003 | B1 |
| 6591422 | Cesar | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6718552 | Goode | Apr 2004 | B1 |
| 6754271 | Gordon et al. | Jun 2004 | B1 |
| 6886029 | Pecus et al. | Apr 2005 | B1 |
| 6889382 | Anderson | May 2005 | B1 |
| 7003790 | Inoue et al. | Feb 2006 | B1 |
| 7020893 | Connelly | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7069577 | Gelle et al. | Jun 2006 | B2 |
| 7228555 | Schlack | Jun 2007 | B2 |
| 7272227 | Beran | Sep 2007 | B1 |
| 7383564 | White et al. | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7389523 | Kikinis | Jun 2008 | B2 |
| 7827227 | Iijima et al. | Nov 2010 | B2 |
| 7971222 | Ellis | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 7983272 | Carlson et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
| 20020002708 | Arye | Jan 2002 | A1 |
| 20020056098 | White | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020056119 | Moynihan | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020059626 | Lemmons | May 2002 | A1 |
| 20020069420 | Russell et al. | Jun 2002 | A1 |
| 20020087967 | Conkwright et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020092026 | Janniello et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20020138831 | Wachtfogel et al. | Sep 2002 | A1 |
| 20020166121 | Rovira | Nov 2002 | A1 |
| 20030028889 | McCoskey | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030037331 | Lee | Feb 2003 | A1 |
| 20030121047 | Watson et al. | Jun 2003 | A1 |
| 20030156218 | Laksono | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20030163817 | Han | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20040123324 | Sazzad et al. | Jun 2004 | A1 |
| 20040230994 | Urdang et al. | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20050071882 | Rodriguez et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20060150216 | Herz et al. | Jul 2006 | A1 |
| 20070083902 | Urdang et al. | Apr 2007 | A1 |
| 20080216115 | Kikinis | Sep 2008 | A1 |
| 20090187934 | Norman | Jul 2009 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0903941 | Mar 1999 | EP |
| 1030305 | Aug 2000 | EP |
| 1030305 | Sep 2002 | EP |
| 0903941 | Mar 2004 | EP |
| WO9929108 | Jun 1999 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20140325582 A1 | Oct 2014 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 09956688 | Sep 2001 | US |
| Child | 14263918 | US |
