Tele-robotic system with a robot face placed on a chair

Abstract

A robot system that includes a robot face with a monitor, a camera, a speaker and a microphone. The robot face is connected to a stand that can be placed in a chair. The stand is configured so that the robot face is at a height that approximates the location of a person's head if they were sitting in the chair. The robot face is coupled to a remote station that can be operated by a user. The face includes a monitor that displays a video image of a user of the remote station. The stand may be coupled to the robot face with articulated joints that can be controlled by the remote station. By way of example, the user at the remote station can cause the face to pan and/or tilt.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to the field of robotics. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a robot face that includes a camera, a monitor, a microphone and a speaker, wherein the robot face is connected to a stand that is adapted to support the robot face on a chair.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an illustration of a robotic system that includes a robot face located on a chair;

FIG. 2 is a front perspective view showing the robot face on a chair;

FIG. 3 is a rear perspective view showing the robot face on the chair;

FIG. 4 is a schematic of an electrical system of a robot; and

FIG. 5 is an illustration of a user interface.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Disclosed is a robot system that includes a robot face with a monitor, a camera, a speaker and a microphone. The robot face is connected to a stand that can be placed in a chair. The stand is configured so that the robot face is at a height that approximates the location of a person's head if they were to be sitting in the chair. The robot face is coupled to a remote station that can be operated by a user. The face includes a monitor that displays a video image of a user of the remote station. The stand may be coupled to the robot face with articulated joints that can be controlled by the remote station. By way of example, the user at the remote station can cause the face to pan and/or tilt. The robot face and stand provide a relatively low cost telepresence system that can simulate a person being remotely present in a chair.

Referring to the drawings more particularly by reference numbers, FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 show a telepresence system 10. The system 10 includes a robot face 12 that is coupled to a remote control station 14 through a network 16. By way of example, the network 16 may be either a packet switched network such as the Internet, or a circuit switched network such as a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) or other broadband system. Alternatively, the robot face 12 may be coupled to the remote station 14 network thru a satellite.

The remote control station 16 may include a computer 18 that has a monitor 20, a camera 22, a microphone 24 and a speaker 26. The computer 18 may also contain an input device 28 such as a joystick or a mouse. The control station 14 is typically located in a place that is remote from the robot face 12. Although only one remote control station 14 is shown, the system 10 may include a plurality of remote stations 14. In general any number of robot faces 12 may be coupled to any number of remote stations 14 or other robot faces 12. For example, one remote station 14 may be coupled to a plurality of robot faces 12, or one robot face 12 may be coupled to a plurality of remote stations 14, or a plurality of robot faces 12. The system may include an arbitrator (not shown) that controls access between the robot face(s) 12 and the remote stations 14.

The robot face 12 is mounted to a stand 30. The stand 30 and robot face 12 can be placed onto a chair 32. The stand 30 may have a pair of leg portions 34 that are spaced apart to increase the stability of the face 12 on the chair 32. The stand 30 preferably has a length so that the height of the face 12 above the chair 32 simulates the location of a user's head. By way of example, the robot face 12 could be located 20 to 40 inches above the chair. Generally speaking, the robot face position should approximate a person with a height between 5 to 6.5 feet. The face 12 can be moved to and from the chair by personnel at the remote site. For example, the face 12 can be stored at a facility. A user at the remote station 14 may instruct personnel at the facility to place the stand 30 and face 12 onto a chair 32. The remote user can then interact with personnel at the remote station 14 through the robot face 12. The display of the user by the robot face 12 simulates the user's presences at the meeting.

The stand 30 may be coupled to the face 12 with articulated joints 36 and 38 that allow the robot face 12 to be panned and tilted, respectively. The joints 36 and 38 may contain actuators (not shown) that can be remotely actuated through manipulation of the input device 28 at the remote station 14.

Each robot face 14 includes a camera(s) 40, a monitor 42, a microphone(s) 44 and a speaker(s) 46. The robot camera 40 is coupled to the remote monitor 20. Likewise, the robot monitor 42 is coupled to the remote camera 22 so personnel at the robot site may view the user of the remote station 14. The microphones 24 and 44, and speakers 26 and 46, allow for audible communication between the system operator and the personnel at the robot site. The face 12 may also include a laser pointer 48 that can be moved through manipulation of the input device 28 at the remote station.

The microphones 44 may include both a directional (cardioid) microphone and an omni-directional microphone. By selecting the ‘m’ key on the keyboard, a user may toggle between using one microphone or the other. For example, the user may choose to use the directional microphone when listening to a particular speaker at the other end of the table, and use the omni-directional microphone when a more rapid discussion around the table is occurring.

Each remote station computer 18 may operate Microsoft OS software and WINDOWS XP or other operating systems such as LINUX. The remote computer 18 may also operate a video driver, a camera driver, an audio driver and a joystick driver. The video images may be transmitted and received with compression software such as MPEG CODEC.

FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of the robot face 12. The robot face 12 may include a high level control system 60 and a low level control system 62. The high level control system 60 may include a processor 64 that is connected to a bus 66. The bus is coupled to the camera 38 by an input/output (I/O) port 68, and to the monitor 40 by a serial output port 70 and a VGA driver 72. The monitor 40 may include a touchscreen function that allows a meeting participant or a patient to enter input by touching the monitor screen.

The speaker 44 is coupled to the bus 66 by a digital to analog converter 74. The microphone 42 is coupled to the bus 66 by an analog to digital converter 76. The high level controller 60 may also contain random access memory (RAM) device 78, a non-volatile RAM device 80 and a mass storage device 82 that are all coupled to the bus 72. The mass storage device 82 may contain corporate data, or medical files of a patient that can be accessed by the user at the remote control station 14. For example, the mass storage device 82 may contain a picture of a patient. The user, particularly in the case of a health care provider, can recall the old picture and make a side by side comparison on the monitor 20 with a present video image of the patient provided by the camera 38. The robot antennae 46 may be coupled to a wireless transceiver 84. By way of example, the transceiver 84 may transmit and receive information in accordance with IEEE 802.11. Alternatively, the transceiver 84 may transmit over a 3G cellular network, or may switch between WiFi and cellular-based networks or utilize them in parallel.

The remote control station may be a laptop or personal computer that has a cellular transceiver (not shown). When accessing a robot face, the control station may establish both a cellular link and a LAN link. By way of example, the cellular link may be in accordance with 3G protocol and the LAN link may operate under 802.11g. A first type of data may be sent through the cellular link and a second type of data may be transmitted with the LAN link. For example, video may be transmitted with the cellular link and audio may be sent through the LAN link. Some types of data may be sent through both links. For example, a stethoscope (not shown) may be connected to the robot and audio data of a heart beat is sent back to the control station through both the cellular and LAN links. This ensures the most rapid and robust delivery of data, which is particularly important given that delayed stethoscope audio may create false heart anomaly sounds, or mask heart anomalies. The control station can monitor one or more network parameters such as latency, packet loss and/or jitter. Unacceptable parameter values on one link may cause the station 16 to switch certain categories of data to the other link.

The robot platform may include a 6-inch rectangular port “arm” (not shown), which may be placed on the conference table in front of the robot face. The arm may be connected with a cable to the robot platform, or alternatively may have wireless communication to the robot face. The arm contains a variety of device ports which may be useful during the conference. For example, the arm may contain a VGA port which allows connection to a projector available on the conference table. The projector can project an image onto a screen so that viewers at the robot site can view the projected image. Consequently, a user at the remote control station can transmit information to the robot that is then projected by the projector. For example, the information may be a PowerPoint presentation that is displayed by the robot projector 116 and allows the remote control station user to conduct a remote meeting while “seated” at the table. The arm may also be connected to a medical instrument such as a stethoscope. This feature allows the remote station to receive instrument input from the stethoscope.

The arm may include an auxiliary video port. The auxiliary video port may include USB, VGA, Y-video/audio electrical connectors and associated electronic circuitry. A plurality of video devices can be connected to one or more of the ports. By way of example, the video devices may include a ceiling camera, a video playback machine such as a VCR or DVD player, an ultrasound device, an otoscope, an echocardiogram, and/or a dermatology camera. The video devices capture video that is transmitted to the remote station through the robot face. By way of example, the overhead camera may capture images of a top-down view of the conference that are then transmitted to the remote control station and displayed by the station monitor.

The controller 64 may operate with a LINUX OS operating system. The controller 64 may also operate MS WINDOWS along with video, camera and audio drivers for communication with the remote control station 14. Video information may be transceived using MPEG CODEC compression techniques. The software may allow the user to send e-mail to someone at the robot site and vice versa, or allow someone at the robot site to access the Internet. In general the high level controller 60 operates to control the communication between the robot face 12 and the remote control station 14.

The high level controller 60 may be linked to the low level controller 62 by serial port 86. The low level controller 62 runs software routines that mechanically actuate the robot face 12. For example, the low level controller 62 provides instructions to actuate the robot face 12. The low level controller 62 may receive movement instructions from the high level controller 60. The movement instructions may be received as movement commands from the remote control station. Although two controllers are shown, it is to be understood that the robot face 12 may have one controller controlling the high and low level functions.

The system may be similar to a robot system provided by InTouch Technologies, Inc. of Goleta, Calif. The system may also be similar to the system disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,925,357 issued Aug. 2, 2005, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

The robot face 12 may be controlled by a number of different users. To accommodate for this the robot may have an arbitration system. The arbitration system may be integrated into the operating system of the robot face 12. For example, the arbitration technique may be embedded into the operating system of the high-level controller 60.

By way of example, the users may be divided into classes that include the robot itself, a local user, an executive, a manager, an employee or a guest. Alternatively, class may include the robot itself, a local user, a caregiver, a doctor, a family member, or a service provider. The robot face 12 may override input commands that conflict with robot operation. For example, if the robot face impacts a wall, the system may ignore all additional commands to continue in the direction of the wall. A local user is a person who is physically present with the robot. The robot could have an input device that allows local operation. For example, the robot may incorporate a voice recognition system that receives and interprets audible commands.

A caregiver is someone who remotely monitors the patient. A doctor is a medical professional who can remotely control the robot and also access medical files contained in the robot memory. The family and service users remotely access the robot. The service user may service the system such as by upgrading software, or setting operational parameters.

Message packets may be transmitted between a robot face 12 and a remote station 14. The packets provide commands and feedback. Each packet may have multiple fields. By way of example, a packet may include an ID field a forward speed field, an angular speed field, a stop field, a bumper field, a sensor range field, a configuration field, a text field and a debug field.

The identification of remote users can be set in an ID field of the information that is transmitted from the remote control station 14 to the robot face 12. For example, a user may enter a user ID into a setup table in the application software run by the remote control station 14. The user ID is then sent with each message transmitted to the robot.

The robot face 12 may operate in one of two different modes—an exclusive mode, or a sharing mode. In the exclusive mode only one user has access control of the robot. The exclusive mode may have a priority assigned to each type of user. By way of example, the priority may be in order of local, doctor, caregiver, family and then service user. In the sharing mode, two or more users may share access with the robot. For example, a caregiver may have access to the robot; the caregiver may then enter the sharing mode to allow a doctor to also access the robot. Both the caregiver and the doctor can conduct a simultaneous tele-conference with the patient.

The arbitration scheme may have one of four mechanisms—notification, timeouts, queue and call back. The notification mechanism may inform either a present user or a requesting user that another user has, or wants, access to the robot. The timeout mechanism gives certain types of users a prescribed amount of time to finish access to the robot. The queue mechanism is an orderly waiting list for access to the robot. The call back mechanism informs a user that the robot can be accessed. By way of example, a family user may receive an e-mail message that the robot is free for usage. Tables 1 and 2 show how the mechanisms resolve access request from the various users.

TABLE I
	Access	Medical	Command	Software/	Set
User	Control	Record	Override	Debug Access	Priority
Robot	No	No	Yes (1)	No	No
Local	No	No	Yes (2)	No	No
Caregiver	Yes	Yes	Yes (3)	No	No
Doctor	No	Yes	No	No	No
Family	No	No	No	No	No
Service	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

	TABLE II
	Requesting User
	Local	Caregiver	Doctor	Family	Service
Current User	Local	Not Allowed	Warn current user	Warn current user	Warn current user	Warn current user
			of pending user	of pending user	of pending user	of pending user
			Notify requesting	Notify requesting	Notify requesting	Notify requesting
			user that system is	user that system is	user that system is	user that system is
			in use	in use	in use	in use
			Set timeout	Set timeout = 5 m	Set timeout = 5 m	No timeout
					Call back	Call back
	Caregiver	Warn current	Not Allowed	Warn current user	Warn current user	Warn current user
		user of pending		of pending user	of pending user	of pending user
		user.		Notify requesting	Notify requesting	Notify requesting
		Notify		user that system is	user that system is	user that system is
		requesting user		in use	in use	in use
		that system is		Set timeout = 5 m	Set timeout = 5 m	No timeout
		in use.		Queue or callback		Callback
		Release
		control
	Doctor	Warn current	Warn current user	Warn current user	Notify requesting	Warn current user
		user of pending	of pending user	of pending user	user that system is	of pending user
		user	Notify requesting	Notify requesting	in use	Notify requesting
		Notify	user that system is	user that system is	No timeout	user that system is
		requesting user	in use	in use	Queue or callback	in use
		that system is	Set timeout = 5 m	No timeout		No timeout
		in use		Callback		Callback
		Release
		control
	Family	Warn current	Notify requesting	Warn current user	Warn current user	Warn current user
		user of pending	user that system is	of pending user	of pending user	of pending user
		user	in use	Notify requesting	Notify requesting	Notify requesting
		Notify	No timeout	user that system is	user that system is	user that system is
		requesting user	Put in queue or	in use	in use	in use
		that system is	callback	Set timeout = 1 m	Set timeout = 5 m	No timeout
		in use			Queue or callback	Callback
		Release
		Control
	Service	Warn current	Notify requesting	Warn current user	Warn current user	Not Allowed
		user of pending	user that system is	of request	of pending user
		user	in use	Notify requesting	Notify requesting
		Notify	No timeout	user that system is	user that system is
		requesting user	Callback	in use	in use
		that system is		No timeout	No timeout
		in use		Callback	Queue or callback
		No timeout

The information transmitted between the station 14 and the robot face 12 may be encrypted. Additionally, the user may have to enter a password to enter the system 10. A selected robot is then given an electronic key by the station 14. The robot face 12 validates the key and returns another key to the station 14. The keys are used to encrypt information transmitted in the session.

FIG. 5 shows a display user interface (“DUI”) 200 displayed at a control station 14. The DUI 200 may include a robot view field 202 that displays a video image captured by the camera of the robot. The DUI 200 may also include a station view field 204 that displays a video image provided by the camera of the remote station 14. The DUI 200 may be part of an application program stored and operated by the computer 18 of the remote station 14.

The DUI 200 may include a “Connect” button 206 that can be selected to connect the station to a robot. Selection of the Connect button 206 may cause the display of pull-down screens, etc. that allow the user to select a desired robot. System settings and options can be selected through buttons 208 and 210, respectively.

The system includes a “shared physical whiteboard” feature. When the user points the robot's camera at a physical whiteboard, they may telestrate on the image at their remote station. The lines of their telestration (and nothing else) are projected, using the projector cabled to the robot and pointing to the same whiteboard. Thus the remote (virtual) telestration lines are overlaid onto the physical white board, allowing both local participants and remote user to “draw” on the same physical space.

At times the angle between the robot and the whiteboard may be such that the whiteboard appears in a non-orthogonal perspective angle. This would cause the resultant telestration lines, when projected, to be un-matched to the whiteboard. To compensate, the system does software-based keystoning, accelerated by the robot's GPU.

In order to calibrate the remote user's telestration on the camera image with the projected telestration on the whiteboard, the user enables a registration sequence. Upon selecting the “register telestration” button (not shown) on the remote station interface, the system projects 4 red registration dots on the corners of the whiteboard. The user sees the projection of these dots through the transmitted camera image from the robot. A popup message on the interface says “click the upper-left dot now”, and the user proceeds to click the point at which they see the upper-left dot. Following this is a second popup message requesting a click on the upper-right dot, and following that the lower two dots. Alternatively, a computer vision package such as OpenCV may be used to automatically detect the red dots and proceed with the registration without user intervention. At this point the system aligns those points to a software keystoning algorithm, utilizing 3D mesh functions available on the GPU.

In an alternative embodiment, the remote user can capture the image of the whiteboard with the camera and have it projected elsewhere in the room with his overlaid telestration.

The system may be accessed by a cellular phone, wherein the phone may include an accelerometer that can sense motion of the phone. The phone may transmit movement commands to the robot that are a function of the sensed movement of the cellular phone. For example, the user can move the phone about a Tilt Axis that will cause a corresponding tilt movement of the robot head. Likewise, the user may move the phone about a Spin Axis that induces a corresponding pan movement of the head. In usage, a person adjacent to the robot may request a remote user to join in a meeting thru the robot's touch-screen. A SIP-based call would be transmitted to the remote user's cellular phone. The remote user may accept the ‘call’ and find themselves remotely seated at the table. By moving the phone left or right they see who is at the table and thereby remotely participate in the meeting.

It will be apparent to those having skill in the art that changes may be made to the details of the above-described embodiments without departing from the underlying principles of the invention. While certain exemplary embodiments have been described and shown in the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that such embodiments are merely illustrative of and not restrictive on the broad invention, and that this invention not be limited to the specific constructions and arrangements shown and described, since various other modifications may occur to those ordinarily skilled in the art. In the claims, the conjunction “and” is inclusive, the conjunction “or” is exclusive and the conjunction “and/or” is either inclusive or exclusive. Embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows.

Claims

1. A robot face system that can be placed on a chair, comprising: a robot face that includes a camera, a monitor, a microphone and a speaker; anda stand that is connected to said robot face, wherein said stand is disposed between said robot face and said chair, said stand has a lower portion adapted to be placed on a surface of the chair and support said robot face on the chair, said lower portion does not include wheels, said robot face is connected to said stand by a pan joint that can move said camera and monitor relative to the stand about a pan axis, and said stand has a length so that the height of the robot face is at least twelve inches above the surface of the chair.

2. The robot system of claim 1, wherein said robot includes a tilt joint that can move said camera and said monitor about a tilt axis.

3. The robot system of claim 1, wherein said stand has a length with a range between 20 to 40 inches.

4. The robot system of claim 1, wherein said stand includes two spaced apart leg portions.

5. The robot system of claim 1, wherein said robot includes an input port.

6. The robot system of claim 5, wherein said input port is located on an arm adapted to be placed on a table.

7. The robot system of claim 1, wherein said robot includes a video output port.

8. A robot system that includes a robot face that can be placed on a chair, comprising: a robot face that includes a camera, a monitor, a microphone and a speaker;a stand that is connected to said robot face, wherein said stand is disposed between said robot face and said chair, said stand has a lower portion adapted to be placed on a surface of the chair and support said robot face on the chair, said lower portion does not include wheels, said robot face is connected to said stand by a pan joint that can move said camera and monitor relative to the stand about a pan axis, and said stand has a length so that the height of the robot face is at least twelve inches above the surface of the chair; anda remote station that includes a camera coupled to said robot monitor, a monitor coupled to said robot camera, a microphone coupled to said robot speaker and a speaker coupled to said robot microphone.

9. The robot system of claim 8, wherein said robot includes a tilt joint that can move said camera and said monitor about a tilt axis, said tilt and pan joints can be controlled by said remote station.

10. The robot system of claim 8, wherein said stand has a length with a range between 20 to 40 inches.

11. The robot system of claim 8, wherein said stand includes two spaced apart leg portions.

12. The robot system of claim 8, wherein said remote station is connected to said robot through a WiFi link and through a cellular link.

13. The robot system of claim 8, wherein said robot includes an input port.

14. The robot system of claim 13, wherein said input port is located on an arm adapted to be placed on a table.

15. The robot system of claim 8, wherein said robot includes a video output port.

16. A method for conducting a teleconference, comprising: placing a robot face onto a chair, the robot face includes a camera, a monitor, a microphone and a speaker, and is coupled to a remote station that includes a camera coupled to the robot monitor, a monitor coupled to the robot camera, a microphone coupled to the robot speaker and a speaker coupled to the robot microphone; andcommunicating between the robot face and the remote station, wherein said robot face is connected to a stand that is disposed between said robot face and said chair, said stand has a lower portion adapted to be placed on a surface of the chair and support said robot face on the chair, said lower portion does not include wheels, said robot face is connected to said stand by a pan joint that can move said robot face relative to the stand about a pan axis, and said stand has a length so that the height of the robot face is at least twelve inches above the surface of the chair.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising moving the robot face in at least two degrees of freedom with commands from the remote station.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising transmitting pre-existing information from the remote station to the robot and displaying that information on a projector connected to a video output port disposed on said robot.