Patent Grant
8690508
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a pipe handling apparatus. More particularly, the present invention the relates to a pipe handling apparatus for moving a pipe from a vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation. More particularly, the present invention the relates to a pipe handling apparatus that removes pipe from a well head.
2. Description of Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 37 CFR 1.98
Drill rigs have utilized several methods for transferring tubular members from a pipe rack adjacent to the drill floor to a mousehole in the drill floor or the well bore for connection to a previously transferred tubular or tubular string. The term “tubular” or “pipe” as used herein includes all forms of drill pipe, drill collars, casing, liner, bottom hole assemblies (BHA), and other types of tubulars known in the art.
Conventionally, drill rigs have utilized a combination of the rig cranes and the traveling system for transferring a tubular from the pipe rack to a vertical position above the center of the well. The obvious disadvantage with the prior art systems is that there is a significant manual involvement in attaching the pipe elevators to the tubular and moving the pipe from the drill rack to the rotary table. This manual transfer operation in the vicinity of workers is potentially dangerous and has caused numerous injuries in drilling operations. Further, the hoisting system may allow the tubular to come into contact with the catwalk or other portions of the rig as the tubular is transferred from the pipe rack to the drill floor. This can damage the tubular and may affect the integrity of the connections between successive tubulars in the well.
One method of transferring pipe from the rack to the well platform comprises tying one end of a line on the rig around a selected pipe on the pipe rack. The pipe is thereafter lifted up onto the platform and the lower end thereof is placed into the mousehole. The mousehole is simply an upright, elongate cylindrical container adjacent the rotary table which supports the pipe temporally. When it is necessary to add the pipe to the drill string, slips are secured about the drill string on the rotary table thereby supporting the same in the well bore. The pipe is disconnected from the traveling equipment and the elevators, or the kelly, are connected to the pipe in the mousehole. Next, the traveling block is raised thereby positioning the pipe over the drill string and tongs are used to secure the pipe to the upper end of the drill string. The drill pipe elevators suspend the drill pipe from a collar which is formed around one end of the pipe and do not clamp the pipe thereby permitting rotational pipe movement in order to threadably engage the same to the drill string.
A prior art technique for moving joints of casing from racks adjacent to the drilling rig comprises tying a line from the rig onto one end of a selected casing joint on the rack. The line is raised by lifting the casing joint up a ramp leading to the rig platform. As the rope lifts the casing from the rack, the lower end of the casing swings across the platform in a dangerous manner. The danger increases when a floating system is used in connection with drilling. Since the rope is tied around the casing at one end thereof, the casing does not hang vertically, but rather tilts somewhat. A man working on a platform elevated above the rig floor must hold the top of the casing and straighten it out while the casing is threaded into the casing string which is suspended in the well bore by slips positioned on the rotary table.
It would be desirable to be able to grip casing or pipe positioned on a rack adjacent a drilling well, move the same into vertical orientation over the well bore, and thereafter lower the same onto the string suspended in the well bore.
In the past, various devices have been created which mechanically move a pipe from a horizontal orientation to a vertical orientation such that the vertically oriented pipe can be installed into the well bore. Typically, these devices have utilized several interconnected arms that are associated with a main rotating structural member. In order to move the pipe, a succession of individual movements of the levers, arms, and other components of the boom must be performed in a coordinated manner in order to achieve the desired result. Typically, a wide variety of hydraulic actuators are connected to each of the components so as to carry out the prescribed movement. A complex control mechanism is connected to each of these actuators so as to achieve the desired movement. Advanced programming is required of the controller in order to properly coordinate the movements in order to achieve this desired result.
Unfortunately, with such systems, the hydraulic actuators, along with other components, can become worn with time. Furthermore, the hydraulic integrity of each of the actuators can become compromised over time. As such, small variations in each of the actuators can occur. These variations, as they occur, can make the complex mechanism rather inaccurate. The failure of one hydraulic component can exacerbate the problems associated with the alignment of the pipe in a vertical orientation. Adjustments of the programming are often necessary to as to continue to achieve the desired results. Fundamentally, the more hydraulic actuators that are incorporated into such a system, the more likely it is to have errors, inaccuracies, and deviations in the desired delivery profile of the tubular. Typically, very experienced and knowledgeable operators are required so as to carry out this pipe movement operation. This adds significantly to the cost associated with pipe delivery.
In the past, various patents have issued relating to such pipe handling devices. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,177,944, issued on Apr. 13, 1965 to R. N. Knight, describes a racking mechanism for earth boring equipment that provides for horizontal storage of pipe lengths on one side of and clear of the derrick. This is achieved by means of a transport arm which is pivoted toward the base of the derrick for swing movement in a vertical plane. The outer end of the arm works between a substantially vertical position in which it can accept a pipe length from, or deliver a pipe length to, a station in the derrick, and a substantially horizontal portion in which the arm can deliver a pipe length to, or accept a pipe length from, a station associated with storage means on one side of the derrick.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,464,507, issued on Sep. 2, 1969 to E. L. Alexander, et al., teaches a portable rotary pipe handling system. This system includes a mast pivotally mounted and movable between a reclining transport position to a desired position at the site drilling operations which may be at any angle up to vertical. The mast has guides for a traveling mechanism that includes a block movable up and down the mast through operation of cables reeved from the traveling block over crown block pulleys into a drawwork. A power drill drive is carried by the traveling block. An elevator for drill pipe is carried by arm swingably mounted relative to the power unit. Power tongs, slips, and slip bushings are supported adjacent the lower end of the mast and adapted to have a drill pipe extend therethrough from a drive bushing connected to a power drive whereby the drill pipe is extended in the direction of the hole to be drilled.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,633,771 issued on Jan. 11, 1972 to Woolslayer, et. al., discloses an apparatus for moving drill pipe into and out of an oil well derrick. A stand of pipe is gripped by a strongback which is pivotally mounted to one end of a boom. The boom swings the strongback over the rotary table thereby vertically aligning the pipe stand with the drill string. When both adding pipe to and removing pipe from the drill string, all vertical movement of the pipe is accomplished by the elevator suspended from the traveling block.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,860,122, issued on Jan. 14, 1975 to L. C. Cemosek, describes an apparatus for transferring a tubular member, such as a pipe, from a storage area to an oil well drilling platform. The positioning apparatus includes a pipe positioner mounted on a platform for moving the pipe to a release position whereby the pipe can be released to be lowered to a submerged position. A load means is operably attached or associated with the platform and positioning means in order to move the pipe in a stored position to a transfer position in which the pipe is transferred to the positioner. The positioner includes a tower having pivotally mounted thereon a pipe track with a plurality of pipe clamp assemblies which are adapted to receive a pipe length. The pipe track is pivotally movable by hydraulic power means or gear means between a transfer position in which pipe is moved into the plurality of clamp assemblies and the release position in which the pipe is released for movement to a submerged position.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,986,619, issued on Oct. 19, 1976 to Woolslayer, et. al., shows a pipe handling apparatus for an oil well drilling derrick. In this apparatus the inner end of the boom is pivotally supported on a horizontal axis in front of a well. A clamping means is pivotally connected to the outer end of the boom on an axis parallel to the horizontal axis at one end. The clamping means allows the free end of the drill pipe to swing across the boom as the outer end of the boom is raised or lowered. A line is connected at one end with the traveling block that raises and lowers the elevators and at the other end to the boom so as to pass around sheaves.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,172,684 issued on Oct. 30, 1979 to C. Jenkins, shows a floor level pipe handling apparatus which is mounted on the floor of an oil well derrick suitable structure. This apparatus includes a support that is rockable on an axis perpendicular to the centerline of a well being drilled. One end of an arm is pivotally mounted on the support on an axis transverse to the centerline of the well. The opposite end of the arm carries a pair of shoes having laterally opening pipe-receiving seats facing away from the arm. The free end of the arm can be swung toward and away from the well centerline and the arm support can be rocked to swing the arm laterally.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,403,666 issued on Sep. 13, 1983 to C. A. Willis, shows self-centering tongs and a transfer arm for a drilling apparatus. The clamps of the transfer arm are resiliently mounted to the transfer arm so as to provide limited axial movement of the clamps and thereby of a clamped down hole tubular. A pair of automatic, self-centering, hydraulic tongs are provided for making up and breaking out threaded connections of tubulars.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,629, issued on Oct. 4, 1983 to C. A. Willis, teaches a lifting apparatus for downhole tubulars. This lifting apparatus includes two rotatably mounted clamps which are rotatable between a side loading-position so as to facilitate the loading and unloading in the horizontal position, and a central position, in which a clamped tubular is aligned with the drilling axis when the boom is in the vertical position. An automatic hydraulic sequencing circuit is provided to automatically rotate the clamps into the side-loading position whenever the boom is pivoted with a down-hole tubular positioned in the clamp. In this position, the clamped tubular is aligned with a safety plate mounted on the boom to prevent a clamped tubular from slipping from the clamps.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,492,501 provides a platform positioning system for a drilling operation which includes a support structure and a transfer arm pivotally connected to the support structure to rotate about a first axis. This platform positioning system includes a platform which is pivotally connected to the support structure to rotate about a second axis, and rod which is mounted between the transfer arm and the platform. The position of the arm and platform axes and the length of the rod are selected such that the transfer arm automatically and progressively raises the platform to the raised position by means of the rod as the transfer arm moves to the raised position. The transfer arm automatically and progressively lowers the platform to the lowered position by means of the rod as the transfer arm moves to the lowered position.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,066 issued on Jun. 17, 1986 to Nelmark, et. al., provides an apparatus for handling drill pipes and used in association with blast holes. This system allows a drill pipe to be more easily connected and disconnected to a drill string in a hole being drilled at an angle. A receptacle is formed at the lower end of the carrier that has hydraulically operated doors secured by a hydraulically operated lock. A gate near the upper end is pneumatically operated in response to the hydraulic operation of the receptacle lock.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,822,230 issued on Apr. 18, 1989 to P. Slettedal, teaches a pipe handling apparatus which is adapted for automated drilling operations. Drill pipes are manipulated between substantially horizontal and vertical positions. The apparatus is used with a top mounted drilling device which is rotatable about a substantially horizontal axis. The apparatus utilizes a strongback provided with clamps to hold and manipulate pipes. The strongback is rotatably connected to the same axis as the drilling device. The strongback moves up or down with the drilling device. A brace unit is attached to the strongback to be rotatable about a second axis.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,604 issued on May 30, 1989 to Brittain, et. al., provides a pipe moving apparatus and method for moving casing or pipe from a horizontal position adjacent a well to a vertical position over the well bore. The machine includes a boom movable between a lowered position and a raised position by a hydraulic ram. A strongback grips the pipe and holds the same until the pipe is vertically positioned. Thereafter, a hydraulic ram on the strongback is actuated thereby lowering the pipe or casing onto the string suspended in the well bore and the additional pipe or casing joint is threaded thereto.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,708,581 issued on Nov. 24, 1987 H. L. Adair, provides a method for positioning a transfer arm for the movement of drill pipe. A drilling mast and a transfer arm is mounted at a first axis adjacent the mast to move between a lowered position near ground level and an upper position aligned with the mast. A reaction point anchor is fixed with respect to the drilling mast and spaced from the first axis. A fixed length link is pivotably mounted to the transfer arm at a second axis, spaced from the first axis, and a first single stage cylinder is pivotably mounted at one end to the distal end of the link and at the other end to the transfer arm. A second single stage hydraulic cylinder is pivotably mounted at one end to the distal end of the link and at the other end to the reaction point.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,759,414 issued on Jul. 26, 1988 to C. A. Willis, provides a drilling machine which includes a drilling superstructure skid which defines two spaced-apart parallel skid runners and a platform. The platform supports a drawworks mounted on a drawworks skid and a pipe boom is mounted on a pipe boom skid sized to fit between the skid runners of the drilling substructure skid. The drilling substructure skid supports four legs which, in turn support a drilling platform on which is mounted a lower mast section. The pipe boom skid mounts a pipe boom as well as a boom linkage, a motor, and a hydraulic pump adapted to power the pipe boom linkage. Mechanical position locks hold the upper skid in relative position over the lower skid.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,458,454 issued on Oct. 17, 1995 to R. S. Sorokan, describes a pipe handling method which is used to move tubulars used from a horizontal position on a pipe rack adjacent the well bore to a vertical position over the wall center. This method utilizes bicep and forearm assemblies and a gripper head for attachment to the tubular. The path of the tubular being moved is close to the conventional path of the tubular utilizing known cable transfer techniques so as to allow access to the drill floor through the V-door of the drill rig. U.S. Pat. No. 6,220,807 describes apparatus for carrying out the method of U.S. Pat. No. 5,458,454.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,609,573 issued on Aug. 26, 2003 to H. W. F. Day, teaches a pipe handling system for an offshore structure. The pipe handling system transfers the pipes from a horizontal pipe rack adjacent to the drill floor to a vertical orientation in a set-back area of the drill floor where the drill string is made up for lowering downhole. The cantilevered drill floor is utilized with the pipe handling system so as to save platform space.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,705,414 issued on Mar. 16, 2004 to Simpson, et. al., describes a tubular transfer system for moving pipe between a substantial horizontal position on the catwalk and a substantially vertical position at the rig floor entry. Bundles of individual tubulars are moved to a process area where a stand make-up/break-out machine makes up the tubular stands. The bucking machine aligns and stabs the connections and makes up the connection to the correct torque. The tubular stand is then transferred from the machine to a stand storage area. A trolley is moved into position over the pick-up area to retrieve the stands. The stands are clamped to the trolley and the trolley is moved from a substantially horizontal position to a substantially vertical position at the rig floor entry. A vertical pipe-racking machine transfers the stands to the traveling equipment. The traveling equipment makes up the stand connection and the stand is run into the hole.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,779,614 issued on Aug. 24, 2004 to M. S. Oser, shows another system and method for transferring pipe. A pipe shuttle is used for moving a pipe joint into a first position and then lifting upwardly toward an upper second position.
In response to the above-identified problems of the pipe handling apparatus, the present inventor filed U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/923,451 on Oct. 24, 2007. The application discloses a pipe handling apparatus has a boom pivotally movable between a first position and a second position, a riser assembly pivotally connected to the boom, an arm pivotally connected at one end to the first portion of the riser assembly and extending outwardly therefrom, a gripper affixed to a opposite end of the arm suitable for gripping a diameter of the pipe, a link pivotally connected to the riser assembly and pivotable so as to move relative to the movement of the boom between the first and second positions, and a brace having a one end pivotally connected to the boom and an opposite end pivotally to the arm between the ends of the arm. The riser assembly has a first portion extending outwardly at an obtuse angle with respect to the second portion.
One problem associated with the pipe handling apparatus disclosed above occurs when the pipe handling apparatus removes a pipe from a well head. The pipe being removed from the wellhead can sometimes get stuck in the well head for various reasons. When this happens, the force required for removing the pipe from the well head is greater than the upward force of the pipe handling apparatus. That is, when the grippers of the pipe handling apparatus grasp the tubular that is being removed from the well head, the pipe handling apparatus does not have enough upward force so as to remove a pipe that is stuck in the well head. Thus, there is a need for a pipe handling apparatus that can overcome the force of a pipe stuck in the wellhead so as to remove the pipe from the wellhead.
Various patents have issued relating to telescoping jacks. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,597,987, issued on Jan. 28, 1997 to Gilliland, et. al., discloses a twin-post telescoping-jack hydraulic-elevator system. The telescoping jack has a first cylinder, an intermediate cylinder disposed within the first cylinder that is slidable relative thereto through a hydraulic seal, and an inner plunger disposed in the intermediate cylinder that is slidable relative thereto through a hydraulic seal. The intermediate cylinder has a piston which is slidably mounted in the first cylinder. The piston divides the main cylinder into a lower chamber and an upper chamber. A pair of dynamic sensors determine when the telescoping jacks are synchronized. The elevator of the system includes static sensors that determine if one or both intermediate cylinders of the jacks are more than a predetermined distance away from their normal positions when a car is stopped on the floor.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,060,762, issued on Oct. 29, 1991 to White, discloses a hydraulic elevator system. The system includes a synchronized telescoping cylinder with inner and outer reciprocating plungers mounted in a fixed cylinder. A hydraulic fluid pressure intensifier is connected to a pressure chamber of the outer plunger and to a pressure chamber of the inner plunger. Solenoid valves control a flow of hydraulic fluid between the pressure intensifier and the two plunger pressure chambers. Switches mounted on the outer plunger control operation of the solenoid valves. When the inner plunger is too low relative to the outer plunger, the pressure intensifier will raise the pressure in the inner plunger pressure chamber to appropriately lift the inner plunger. When the inner plunger is too high relative to the outer plunger, the pressure intensifier will lower the pressure in the inner plunger pressure chamber so as to lower the inner plunger.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,172,038, issued on Feb. 6, 2007 to Terry, et. al., discloses a drilling system having a work string supporting a bottom hole assembly. The work string includes lengths of pipe having a non-metallic portion. The work string preferably includes a composite-coiled tubing having a fluid impermeable liner, multiple load carrying layers, and a wear layer. Multiple electrical conductors and data transmission conductors may be embedded in the load carrying layers for carrying a current or transmitting data between the bottom hole assembly and the surface. The bottom hole assembly includes a bit, a gamma ray and inclinometer instrument package, a steerable assembly, an electronics section, a transmission, and a power section for rotating the bit. Hydraulic casing jacks are used to thrust casing into the bore hole.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,264, issued on Feb. 16, 1993 to Chaffaut, discloses a device for guiding a drilling tool into a well and for exerting a hydraulic force on the drilling tool. The device includes a tubular body and an outer sleeve rotating about the body and longitudinally displaceable with respect to the body. Radially displaceable pistons come into anchoring engagement with the wall of the well and immobilize the external sleeve when in an extended position. A jack displaces the body and the drilling tool integral therewith with respect to the external sleeve. The jack exerts a pushing force onto the tool. Hydraulic circuits and appropriate control assemblies are provided for controlling the execution of a series of successive cycles of anchoring the external sleeve in the well and of displacing the drilling tool with respect to the external sleeve.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,649,745, issued on Jul. 22, 1997 to Anderson, discloses an inflatable gripper assembly for a rock boring or cutting machine. The inflatable gripper assembly has a base member and an elastomeric sheet secured in a fluid-tight and reaction-force secure manner to the base member. The elastomeric sheet expands when fluid is supplied between the base member and the elastomeric sheet. The elastomeric sheet contracts when fluid is removed from between the base member and the elastomeric sheet.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,030,698, issued on Jun. 21, 1977 to Hansen, discloses a jack assembly for use in raising and lowering large platforms on columns. The jack assembly has upper and lower annular portions interconnected by a hydraulic motor for relative vertical movement there between, and arcuate pneumatically-operated gripper assemblies positioned in both the upper and lower portions of the jack. Each of the gripper assemblies is removably replaceable from its position in the jack assembly without removal of the jack assembly from the platform which it surrounds.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus for removing a pipe that is stuck in a well head.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus that minimizes the number of components added to such systems.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a telescoping jack that exerts an upward force on the pipe handling apparatus so as to remove a pipe from a well head.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus that exerts an upward force on the gripper assembly thereof so as to remove a pipe from a well head.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus that has a telescoping jack for removing a stuck pipe from a well head.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus which minimizes the amount of calibration required in order to move the pipe from a horizontal orientation to a vertical orientation.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus which operates with a single degree of freedom so as to move the pipe without adjustments between the components.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus that can be transported on a skid or on a truck.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus which allows for the self-centering of the pipe.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus which can be utilized independent of the existing rig.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus which avoids the use of multiple hydraulic cylinders and actuators for moving the pipe between a horizontal and vertical orientation.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus which minimizes the amount of instrumentation and controls utilized for carrying out the pipe handling activities.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus which allows for the pipe to be loaded beneath the lifting main rotating structural member.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus which is of minimal cost and easy to use.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a pipe handling apparatus which allows relatively unskilled workers to carry out the pipe handling activities.
These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from a reading of the attached specification and appended claims.
The present invention is a pipe handling apparatus comprising a base, a main rotating structural member pivotally connected to the base, a pipe handling means connected to the main rotating structural member, and a jacking means connected to the pipe handling means. The pipe handling means moves the pipe from a generally horizontal orientation to a vertical orientation. The jacking means exerts a downward force in generally parallel relation to the pipe when the pipe is in the vertical orientation.
The pipe handling means comprises a gripping means for gripping an outer surface of the pipe. The pipe handling means also has a lever assembly pivotally connected to the main rotating structural member where the lever assembly has a first portion extending outwardly at an obtuse angle with respect to a second portion, an arm pivotally connected at one end to the first portion of the lever assembly and extending outwardly there from, a link pivotally connected to the second portion of the lever assembly where the link is pivotable at an end of the second portion opposite of the first portion so as to move relative to the movement of the main rotating structural member between the first and second positions, and a brace having a one end pivotally connected to the main rotating structural member and an opposite end pivotally connected to the arm between the ends of the arm. The pipe handling means moves the pipe between the generally horizontal orientation to the vertical orientation within a single degree of freedom.
The gripping means comprises a stab frame affixed to the opposite end of the arm, a first gripper extending outwardly of the stab frame on a side opposite the arm, and a second gripper extending outwardly of the stab frame on the side opposite the arm in spaced relation to the first gripper. The first and second grippers being translatable along the stab frame, the jacking means being connected to the stab frame of the gripping means. The jacking means is affixed to the stab frame of the gripping means.
The jacking means comprises a piston-and-cylinder assembly positioned relative to the stab frame, and a hydraulic actuator connected to the piston-and-cylinder assembly. The hydraulic actuator is suitable for passing hydraulic fluid to the piston-and-cylinder assembly so as to move the piston-and cylinder assembly from a retracted position to an extended position. The piston-and-cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder positioned relative to the stab frame, and a piston translatably positioned within an interior of the cylinder. The piston comprises a head positioned within the interior of the cylinder, and a rod extending from the head. The rod is suitable for extending outwardly of the cylinder. The cylinder has a first interior and a second interior. The head of the piston is positioned between the first interior and the second interior. The rod of the piston is positioned within the second interior. The hydraulic actuator has a first line connected to the first interior of the cylinder. The hydraulic actuator having a second line connected to the second interior of the cylinder. The hydraulic actuator suitable for passing hydraulic fluid so as to move the piston between the extended position and the retracted position.
Referring to
In the present invention, the main rotating structural member 16 is a structural framework of struts, cross members and beams. In particular, in the present invention, the main rotating structural member 16 is configured so as to have an open interior such that the pipe 18 will be able to lifted in a manner so as to pass through the interior of the main rotating structural member 16. As such, the end 38 of the main rotating structural member 16 should be strongly reinforced so as to provide the necessary structural integrity to the main rotating structural member 16. A lug 40 extends outwardly from one side of the main rotating structural member 16. This lug 40 is suitable for pivotable connection to the lever assembly 22. The main rotating structural member 16 is pivotally connected at the opposite end 42 to a location on the skid 12. The pivotable connection at end 42 of the main rotating structural member 16 is located in offset relationship and above the pivotable connection 44 of the link 34 with the skid 12. A small frame member 46 extends outwardly from the side of the main rotating structural member 16 opposite the link 34. This frame assembly 46 has a pivotable connection with the brace 36.
The lever assembly 22 includes a first portion 48 and a second portion 50. The first portion 48 extends at an obtuse angle with respect to the second portion 50. The link 34 is pivotally connected to the end of the second portion 50 opposite the first portion 48. The arm 24 is pivotally connected to the end of the first portion 48 opposite the second portion 50. The lug 40 of the main rotating structural member 16 is pivotally connected in an area generally between the first portion 48 and the second portion 50. This unique arrangement of the lever assembly 22 facilitates the ability of the present invention to carry out the movement of the pipe 18 between the horizontal orientation and the vertical orientation.
The arm 24 has an end pivotally connected to the end of the first portion 48 of the lever assembly 22. The opposite end of the arm 24 is connected to the gripping means 26. In particular, a pair of pin connections engage a surface of the body 28 of the gripping means 26 so as to fixedly position the gripping means 26 with respect to the end of the arm 24. The pin connections 52 and 54 can be in the nature of bolts, or other fasteners, so as to strongly connect the body 28 of gripping means 26 with the arm 24. The bolts associated with pin connections 52 and 54 can be removed such that other gripping means 26 can be affixed to the end of the arm 24. As such, the pipe handling apparatus 10 of the present invention can be adaptable to various sizes of pipe 18 and various heights of drilling rigs 20.
The gripping means 26 includes the stab frame 28 with the grippers 30 and 32 translatable along the length of the stab frame 28. This vertical translation of the grippers 30 and 32 allows the pipe 18 to be properly moved upwardly and downwardly once the vertical orientation of the pipe 18 is achieved. The grippers 30 and 32 are in the nature of conventional grippers which can open and close so as to engage the outer surface of the pipe 18, as desired.
The link 34 is a elongate member that extends from the pivotable connection 44 to the pivotable connection 68 of the second portion 50 of the lever assembly 22. The link 34 is non-extensible and extends generally adjacent to the opposite side from the main rotating structural member 16 from that of the arm 24. The link 34 will generally move relative to the movement of the main rotating structural member 16. The brace 36 is pivotally connected to the small framework 46 associated with main rotating structural member 16 and also pivotally connected at a location along the arm 26 between the ends thereof. Brace 36 provides structural support to the arm 24 and also facilitates the desired movement of the arm 24 during the movement of the pipe 18 between the horizontal orientation and the vertical orientation.
Actuators 56 and 58 are illustrated as having one end connected to the skid 12 and an opposite end connected to the main rotating structural member 16 in a location above the end 42. When the actuators 56 and 58 are activated, they will pivot the main rotating structural member 16 upwardly from the horizontal orientation ultimately to a position beyond vertical so as to cause the pipe 18 to achieve is vertical orientation. Within the concept of the present invention, a single hydraulic actuator can be utilized instead of the pair of hydraulic actuators 56 and 58, as illustrated in
The drilling rig 20 is illustrated as having drill pipes 60 and 62 extending upwardly so as to have an end above the drill floor 64. When the pipe 18 is in its vertical orientation, the translatable movement of the grippers 30 and 32 can be utilized so as to cause the end of the pipe 18 to engage with the box of one of the drill pipes 60 and 62.
In
In the present invention, the coordinated movement of each of the non-extensible members of the apparatus 10 is achieved with proper sizing and angular relationships. In essence, the present invention provides a four-bar link between the various components. As a result, the movement of the drill pipe 18 between a horizontal orientation and a vertical orientation can be achieved purely through the mechanics associated with the various components. As can be seen, only a single hydraulic actuator may be necessary so as to achieve this desired movement. There does not need to be coordinated movement of hydraulic actuators. The hydraulic actuators are only used for the pivoting of the main rotating structural member. Since the skid 12 is located on the bed of a vehicle 14, the vehicle 14 can be maneuvered into place so as to properly align with the centerline of the drill pipe 60 and 62 of the drilling rig 20. Once the proper alignment is achieved by the vehicle 14, the apparatus 10 can be operated so as to effectively move the drill pipe to its desired position. The gripper assemblies of the present invention allow the drill pipe 18 to be moved upwardly and downwardly for the proper stabbing of the drill pipes 60 and 62. The present invention is adaptable to various links of pipe 18.
Various types of gripping means 26 can be installed on the end of the arm 24 so as to proper accommodate longer lengths of pipe 18. These variations are illustrated herein in connections
As such, instead of the complex control mechanisms that are required with prior art systems, the present invention achieves it results by simple maneuvering of the vehicle 14, along with operation of the hydraulic cylinders 56 and 58. All other linkages and movement of the pipe 18 are achieved purely because of the mechanical connections between the various components. As such, the present invention assures a precise, self-centering of the pipe 18 with respect to the desired connecting pipe. This is accomplished with only a single degree of freedom in the pipe handling system.
Referring still to
In
The gripping means 26 has a stab frame 28 having a surface 224 affixed to an opposite end 226 of the arm 24, a first gripper 30 extending outwardly of the stab frame 28 on a side 228 opposite the arm 24, a second gripper 32 extending outwardly of the stab frame 28 on the side 228 opposite the arm 24 in spaced relation to the first gripper 30. The first and second grippers 30 and 32 are translatable along the stab frame 28 of the gripping means 26.
In order to install the drill pipe 18 upon the pipe 62, it is only necessary to vertically translate the gripper 30 and 32 within the stab frame 28 of the gripping means 26. As such, the end 80 can be stabbed into the box connection 82 of pipe 62. Suitable tongs, spinner, or other mechanisms can be utilized so as to rotate the pipe 18 in order to achieve a desired connection. The gripper 30 and 32 can then be released from the exterior of the pipe 18 and returned back to the original position such that another length of drill pipe can be installed. The jacking means 200 can be seen as affixed to the stab frame 28. The gripping means 26 is attached to the pipe handling structure 244.
It can be seen that the pipe 18 is engaged by gripper 30 and 32 of the gripping means 26. The configuration of the gripper 30 and 32, as shown in
Occasionally, it is necessary to accommodate longer lengths of pipes. In other circumstances, it is desirable to accommodate pipes that are already assembled in an extended length. In
It should be noted that the arm 24 can extend at various angles with respect to the gripper assembly. In the preferred embodiment, the arm 24 will be generally transverse to the length of the body associated with the gripper assemblies. However, if needed to accommodate certain drilling rig height and arrangements, the arm 24 can be angled up to 30° from transverse with respect to the body associated with the gripper assembly.
In
The present invention achieves a number of advantages over the prior art. Most importantly, the present invention provides a pipe handling apparatus and method that minimizes the number of control mechanisms, sensors and hydraulic systems associated with the pipe handling system. Since the movement of the pipe is achieved in a purely mechanical way, only a single hydraulic actuator is necessary for the movement of the main rotating structural member. All of the other movements are achieved by the interrelationship of the various components. As such, the present invention achieves freedom from the errors and deviations that can occur through the use of multiple hydraulic systems. The simplicity of the present invention facilitates the ability of a relatively unskilled worker to operate the pipe handling system. The amount of calibration is relatively minimal. Since the skid 12 associated with the present invention can be transported by a truck, various fine movements and location of the pipe handling apparatus can be achieved through the simple movement of the vehicle. The pipe handling apparatus of the present invention is independent of the drilling rig. As such, a single pipe handling apparatus that is built in accordance with the teachings of the present invention can be utilized on a number of rigs and can be utilized at any time when required. There is no need to modify the drilling rig, in any way, to accommodate the pipe handling apparatus of the present invention. Since the pipes are loaded beneath the main rotating structural member, the providing of the pipe to the pipe handling apparatus can be achieved in a very simple manner. There is no need to lift the pipes to a particular elevation or orientation in order to initiate the pipe handling system.
In
Referring to
When the gripping means 26 does not have the necessary force required to remove the pipe 18 that is stuck in the well bore 238, the hydraulic actuator 212 pumps hydraulic fluid 217 through first line 213 into the first interior 219 of the cylinder 206 so as to move the piston 208 downwardly so that the rod 209 touches the well floor 64 and can push the stab frame 28 upwards, along with the pipe 18. Hydraulic fluid 217 within the second interior 221 exits the cylinder 206 through second line 215 and is recycled back to the hydraulic actuator 212. The pressure of the hydraulic fluid 217 in the first interior 219 is greater than the pressure of the hydraulic fluid 217 in the second interior 221. Hydraulic actuator 212 can be located near the pipe handling means 218 or remotely therefrom. The pipe handling means 218 can be any pipe handling apparatus. The jacking means 200 is shown in the extended position in
Referring to
The hydraulic actuator 212 shown in
The method for the present invention for withdrawing a pipe from a well head includes the steps of forming a pipe handling apparatus 10 shown in
While the jacking means 200 of the preferred embodiment is shown in
The foregoing disclosure and description of the invention is illustrative and explanatory thereof. Various changes in the details of the illustrated construction can be made within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the true spirit of the invention. The present invention should only be limited by the following claims and their legal equivalents.
This application is a divisional application of U.S. Pat. No. 7,946,795, formerly patent application Ser. No. 12/259,251, filed Oct. 27, 2008, and issued on May 24, 2011, which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Pat. No. 7,918,636, formerly patent application Ser. No. 11/923,451, filed Oct. 24, 2007, and issued on Apr. 5, 2011, both of which patents are hereby incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 12259251 | Oct 2008 | US |
| Child | 13114842 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 11923451 | Oct 2007 | US |
| Child | 12259251 | US |
