Patent Grant
9938066
This disclosure relates to a temperature controlled pallet shipper for shipping temperature sensitive payloads. More particularly, this disclosure relates to a temperature controlled pallet shipper that avoids the disadvantages of prior temperature controlled pallet shippers while affording additional structural and operating advantages.
Temperature controlled shippers are used to ship perishable materials such as pharmaceuticals, blood and blood products, transplant organs and food products which must be maintained within a certain temperature range. The shipping and transportation of various perishable materials frequently requires that such materials be maintained in a stable temperature range either higher or lower than the ambient temperatures to which the packaging will be exposed. A number of different types of thermally insulated containers have been developed for this purpose. They generally fall into two main categories, active shippers and passive shippers.
Active shippers are those in which the internal temperature is controlled using a battery operated device or electrical power cord. These systems usually are expensive and quite bulky.
Passive shippers are those in which the internal temperature is maintained without any battery or electrical support. Therefore passive pallet shippers typically are used for five to seven days of duration while battery and electric operated shippers maintain payload temperature as long as the power supply is active.
Pallet shippers may be made of variety of materials, and choice of a material depends on manufacturer core competency, material insulation properties and choice of design features. The thermal conductivity (sometimes called “k value”) of a material plays a key role. Thermal conductivity is the ability of material to conduct heat, so the lower the k value the better insulation properties. Common materials for making the outer structure of a pallet shipper include polyurethane (PUR), extruded polystyrene foam (XPS), expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) and molded plastic.
The use of most if not all of these passive shippers involve several challenges and problems:
Weight
The majority of passive pallet shippers are transported via air where the weight of the shipper is a critical factor in transportation cost. Depending on the size of pallet shipper, the payload (such as pharmaceuticals) weight can range anywhere from 400 lbs. to 1600 lbs. On top of this, the refrigerant weight can range from 200 lbs. to 1800 lbs. depending on the duration and temperature requirements.
Edge Leaks
Due to their size, pallet shippers are typically made by molding one panel (wall) at a time. The box or outer structure typically is constructed by assembling six walls. Creating a big box with large walls is not easy and can create lot of gaps (edge leaks) between the walls. Edge leaks in general occur when two adjoining walls of material are not completely in contact/flush with one and another and therefore create a visible gap, which creates a path for ambient air to leak into the container. This results in gain or loss of thermal energy by convection into or out of the pallet shipper. The R-value of the system is reduced significantly due to the presence of these leaks.
These leaks have negative impact on insulation properties and effectively reduce duration of a shipper. Simply adding additional thermal insulation to enclosure is of little benefit; the edge gaps must be minimized or eliminated completely in order for the system's R-value to be maintained. Thus designing an edge leak proof box is very desirable.
Manual Labor Requirements
Shipping pallet assembly requires manual labor, typically in the form of one or two people. It is important to keep the assembly process as simple as possible. Adding complexity into the process can create errors (defects) which can result in the loss of millions of dollars of pharmaceuticals.
Transportation Considerations
Some pallet shippers are specially designed to transport pharmaceuticals and other perishable payloads from one continent to other via air. These air cargo pallet shippers, also known as unit load devices (ULDs), generally fall into one of a number of specific categories, including PAG (quarter and half sizes) and PMC (quarter and half sizes).
Requiring couriers to be more gentle or use greater care when handling the pallet shipper is usually beyond the control of the shipper maker or user. By designing a pallet shipper to create a more robust and sturdy structure, the problems associated with transportation and vibration can be mitigated or even eliminated.
The present disclosure is designed to address the problems described above, by describing a pallet shipper that is modular, easily assembled and has superior thermal properties.
The present disclosure relates to an improved temperature controlled pallet shipper that avoids the disadvantages of prior pallet shippers while affording additional structural and operating advantages.
In one aspect the disclosure relates to a pallet shipper for shipping a temperature sensitive payload, the pallet shipper comprising a pallet shipper for shipping a temperature sensitive payload, the pallet shipper 10 comprising a base, two first corner structures and two second corner structures.
The substantially rectangular base comprises a rectangular upper portion and a rectangular lower portion located adjacent to and located under the upper portion. The upper portion has a peripheral ledge extending outward beyond the lower portion. The ledge has an underside that slopes downward toward the lower portion. This slope helps create surface to surface contact between the walls and the base of the pallet shipper. This surface to surface contact creates a tortuous path for heat flow, thus improving the insulation properties of the pallet shipper. Each first corner structure comprises a grooved panel and a first flanged panel orthogonal to the grooved panel. The grooved panel and the first flanged panel are joined along a vertical corner. The grooved panel extends from the vertical corner to a distal grooved edge. The distal grooved edge defines a vertically oriented groove. The first flanged panel extends from the vertical corner to a distal flanged edge and has a first flange extending from the distal flanged edge in a direction away from the vertical corner. Each first corner structure further comprises an inwardly extending L-shaped footer near a bottom edge.
Each second corner structure comprises a tongued panel and a second flanged panel orthogonal to the tongued panel. The tongued panel and the second flanged panel are joined along a vertical corner. The tongued panel extends from the vertical corner to a distal tongued edge. A tongue extends outwardly from the distal tongued edge in a direction away from the vertical corner. The second flanged panel extends from the vertical corner to a distal flanged edge and has a second flange extending from the distal flanged edge in a direction away from the vertical corner. Each second corner structure further comprises an L-shaped footer extending inwardly near the bottom edge.
Each groove is configured to receive a tongue to form a tongue and groove seam. Each first flange is configured to mate with a corresponding second flange to form a convoluted seam.
Each tongue and groove seam and each flanged seam creates a tortuous path which delays or minimizes any thermal transfer across the seam. The footers slide under the base, thus creating another tortuous path to minimize heat transfer.
The pallet shipper has a modular design and can be enlarged from, say, a quarter PMC to a half PMC and from a quarter PAG to a half PAG just by adding a sidewall between the L-shaped corner structures on either side of the pallet shipper.
The modular design is beneficial from both a product cost standpoint and a logistics cost standpoint. For example, a user can stock a quarter PMC part and use it for a half PMC pallet shipper if there is a need. The modular design also helps reduce tooling costs which results in a reduction in product cost.
In another aspect a container is provided comprising two substantially L-shaped, unitary first corner structures and two substantially L-shaped, unitary second corner structures to form the four vertical sides of the container. Each first corner structure comprises a first panel and a second panel joined along a vertical corner. The first and second panels are perpendicular to each other and form a single unitary L-shaped structure. The first panel extends from the vertical corner to a first distal edge, and the second panel extends from the vertical corner to a second distal edge.
Likewise, each second corner structure comprises a first panel and a second panel joined together along a vertical corner to form a single unitary L-shaped structure. The first panel extends from the vertical corner to a first distal edge, and the second panel extends from the vertical corner to a second distal edge.
All four vertical corners are solid, continuous corners, meaning that they lack any seams, joints or other discontinuities. The first and second corner structures are joined to each other along convoluted seams located between the vertical corners. Making the seams convoluted and moving them to the middle of the container sides, away from the vertical corners, reduces heat transfer between the outside and the inner, payload compartment.
The container may include a rectangular base joined to the first corner structures and the second corner structures to form the bottom of the container.
While this disclosure may be embodied in many forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail one or more embodiments with the understanding that this disclosure is to be considered an exemplification of the principles of the disclosure and is not intended to limit the disclosure to the illustrated embodiments.
Turning to the drawings, there is shown in
The lower portion 22 extends from a second side edge 34 to an opposite second side edge 36 and from a second front edge 38 to an opposite second rear edge 40. The lower portion 22 has a second width defined by the second side edges 34, 36 and a second depth defined by the second front edge 38 and second rear edge 40. As is apparent from the figure the lower portion width is less than the upper portion width and the lower portion depth is less than the upper portion depth, so the lower portion edges 34, 36, 38, and 40 are recessed with respect to the upper portion edges 24, 26, 28, 30.
The peripheral portion of the upper portion 20 extending beyond the lower portion may be referred to as a ledge 31. As perhaps best shown in
The lid 14 is substantially rectangular and may be constructed similarly to the base 12. The lid fits over and may form a friction fit with corner structures 16, 18.
The grooved panel 42 extends from the vertical corner 46 to a distal grooved edge 54. The distal grooved edge 54 defines a vertically oriented groove 56. The flanged panel 44 extends from the vertical corner 46 to a distal flanged edge 58. Each first corner structure 16 has an outer surface 57 (
Each first corner structure 16 also comprises an L-shaped footer 52 extending inwardly from the grooved panel 42 and the flanged panel 44 near the bottom edge 48 and terminating in an L-shaped distal edge 51. Each footer 52 has an L-shaped top surface 53 that slopes downwardly toward the distal edge 51.
The tongued panel 62 extends from the vertical corner 66 to a distal tongued edge 74. A tongue 76 extends outwardly from the distal tongued edge 74 in a direction away from the vertical corner 66. The flanged panel 64 extends from the vertical corner 66 to a distal flanged edge 78. Each second corner structure 18 has an outer surface 77 (
Also like the first corner structures 16, each second corner structure 18 comprises an L-shaped footer 52 extending inwardly from the tongued panel 62 and the flanged panel 64 near the bottom edge 48 and terminating in a distal edge 51. Each footer 52 has an L-shaped top surface 53 that slopes downwardly toward the distal edge 51. Each footer 52 is configured to extend underneath the upper portion 20 of the base 12 and mate with the base 12 in “skin to skin” fashion as explained below with regard to
In the illustrated examples the first corner structure 16 comprises an inner flange 60 and the second corner structure 18 comprises an outer flange 80. However, it should be understood that a reverse configuration is also contemplated in which the first corner structure 16 comprises an outer flange and the second corner structure 18 comprises an inner flange. In either case, the flanges 60, 80 cooperate (join together) to form a convoluted but air tight seal.
The pallet shipper described herein is modular in that it can easily be expanded into a larger pallet shipper.
In addition to the aforementioned components which the large pallet shipper 110 may share in common with the earlier embodiment, the large pallet shipper 110 further comprises two substantially rectangular sidewall panel 120. As best shown in
Since the sidewall 120 has tongues 120 on either side, it is necessary in this embodiment to modify the pallet shipper 10 of
In the embodiment shown in
The pallet shipper 110 may covered with a single large lid or, as shown in
The pallet shipper 10 may also comprise a top wire rack 88 having a refrigerant bearing surface 90 located within the payload section. Refrigerants (not shown) may be placed between the top wire rack 88 and the lid 14.
The container 140 comprises two substantially L-shaped first corner structures 146, two substantially L-shaped second corner structures 148, a base 150 having two pairs of diagonally opposing corners 151, and a lid 141. The container corner structures 146, 148 form a bottom edge 158 and a top edge 160. Like the previously described containers, the container 140 may or may not be used in conjunction with a pallet.
Each first corner structure 146 comprises first and second panels 152, 154 joined together along a vertical corner 142 to form a single unitary L-shaped structure. Each first corner structure 146 extends from the bottom edge 158 to the top edge 160. The first panel 152 extends from the vertical corner 142 to a flanged edge 153 having an outwardly extending flange 157. The second panel 154 extends from the vertical corner 142 to a notched edge 155 defining a vertically oriented notch 156.
Likewise, each second corner structure 148 comprises first and second panels 162, 164 joined together along a vertical corner 144 to form a single unitary L-shaped structure. Each second corner structure 148 extends from the bottom edge 158 to the top edge 160. The first panel 162 extends from the vertical corner 144 to a flanged edge 163 having an outwardly extending flange 167. The second panel 164 extends from the vertical corner 144 to a notched edge 165. The notched edge 165 defines a vertically oriented notch 166 (obscured in
The vertical corners 142, 144 are solid corners, meaning they lack any seams or other discontinuities. The seams 169 are located on each vertical side of the container 140, away from the corners. Making the seams 169 convoluted and moving them away from the vertical corners 142, 144, for example, in the middle of the container sides, greatly reduces heat transfer between the outside and the inner (payload) compartment.
The flanged edge 153 of each first corner structure 146 is configured to mate with a corresponding notched edge 165 of an adjacent second corner structure 148, thereby forming a convoluted seam 169. Likewise, the flanged edge 163 of each second corner structure 148 is configured to mate with a corresponding notched edge 155 of an adjacent first corner structure 146, thereby forming another convoluted seam 169. The convoluted seams 169 present a tortuous, non-linear path for heat to transfer through the container wall.
As used herein the term “flange” refers to any projecting structure, that is, a structure that projects outwardly from an edge of a panel, including a tongue or a tab. The term “notch” refers to any inwardly extending space, that is, a space the extends inwardly from an edge of a panel to accommodate a flange, including a groove or slot. The term “convoluted seam” includes any seam in which a flange of one corner structure mates with the notch of another corner structure to form a tortuous, non-planar, mating surface. Preferably there are no gaps in the seam between the two corner structures.
Thus, a container 140 according to this disclosure may include four convoluted seams 169, each comprising a flanged edge 153, 163 configured to mate with a notched edge 155, 165. Like the flanged seams 49 and tongue and groove seams 47 described above with respect to other embodiments, the convoluted seams 169 minimize or eliminate edge leaks by presenting a tortuous, non-planar path for heat to transfer through the pallet shipper wall.
The lid 141 may fit snugly onto the top rim 160 of the joined corner structures 146, 148. The base 150 has a perimeter that may nest within grooves 161 defined by and located near the bottom of each corner structure 146, 148.
It will be appreciated that, if the container 140 has a square profile, that is, the container 140 has four sides of equal width, the first corner structures 146 and the second corner structures 148 may be identical. In making such a container 140, the same tool may be used to make all four corner structures 146, 148.
Refrigerant Height Adjustment Feature
As in the previously described embodiments a rack 88 for holding refrigerants, such as the rack 88 shown in
Living Hinges
The corner structures described herein may have vertical corners that function as living hinges to enable the corner structures to be shipped flat and then bent into an L-shape during assembly of the container. For example,
The thermally insulated pallet shipper may be used in any industry where temperature sensitive products are shipped, including but not limited to the pharmaceutical, hospital and food industries, particularly for shipping payloads by air.
The pallet shipper may be made in any suitable size, including the following industry recognized sizes:
The pallet shipper may be any suitable height, but typically is 64″ or less including all the outer accessories (skid, trays, plastic wrap etc.).
The pallet shipper components may be made of any suitable materials, but preferably are made from polymeric foam materials, including Neopor, ARCEL, EPS, EPP, XPS, PUR and other thermoplastic and thermoset foam materials.
The pallet shipper has no spit edges. The L shapes corner structures completely eliminate edges and therefore the pallet shipper has no edge leaks.
The “split edges” in the present pallet shipper are moved towards center of each sidewall. The tongue and grove feature creates a tortuous path to reduce heat loss. The tongue and grove feature also creates a locking mechanism for the walls. The center of each wall may also be protected from the inside using refrigerants by lining up refrigerants against the interior walls.
The pallet shipper is easy to assemble and has self-standing wall feature. All the walls are self-supporting which speeds up the assembly process. Due to the self-standing feature the entire shipper 10, 110 can be assembled by one person. Due to the self-standing wall features, there can be no mix up between the left walls and right walls, which can speed up shipper assembly, thus minimizing the time any refrigerants are exposed to room temperature
Creating a tortuous path at each tongue and groove seam or junction and at each flanged seam or junction delays any loss of heat. The disclosed pallet shipper 10, 110 has L-shapes corner structures 16, 18 where the footer 52 of the wall slides under the base 12, thus creating another long tortuous path to minimize heat transfer.
The pallet shipper 10, 110 has a modular design where a small pallet shipper 10 can be extended from, say, a quarter PMC to a half PMC and from a quarter PAG to a half PAG by just adding one extra sidewall 120 between 2 L-shaped corner structures 16, 18. This modular design has many advantages:
The pallet shipper may achieve a 37% weight reduction when compared material to material:
It is understood that the embodiments of the disclosure described above are only particular examples which serve to illustrate the principles of the disclosure. Modifications and alternative embodiments of the disclosure are contemplated which do not depart from the scope of the disclosure as defined by the foregoing teachings and appended claims. It is intended that the claims cover all such modifications and alternative embodiments that fall within their scope.
This application is a continuation in part of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/485,272, filed Sep. 12, 2014. U.S. application Ser. No. 14/485,272 is incorporated here by reference in its entirety to provide continuity of disclosure.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2770389 | Drakoff | Nov 1956 | A |
| 4221302 | Kupersmit | Sep 1980 | A |
| 4492153 | Grabowski | Jan 1985 | A |
| 4673087 | Webb | Jun 1987 | A |
| 4809851 | Oestreich, Jr. | Mar 1989 | A |
| 5743421 | Gonzalez | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5840377 | Donnell | Nov 1998 | A |
| 5924302 | Derifield | Jul 1999 | A |
| 6266972 | Bostic | Jul 2001 | B1 |
| 6827231 | Budowski | Dec 2004 | B2 |
| 6966449 | Williams | Nov 2005 | B2 |
| 7028504 | Derifield | Apr 2006 | B2 |
| 7155865 | Rosenberg | Jan 2007 | B2 |
| 7913511 | Meyer et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 7963397 | Seagle | Jun 2011 | B2 |
| 8464891 | Pico | Jun 2013 | B2 |
| 8580369 | Emond et al. | Nov 2013 | B2 |
| 8763423 | Tattam | Jul 2014 | B2 |
| 20040226309 | Broussard | Nov 2004 | A1 |
| 20050241978 | Plue et al. | Nov 2005 | A1 |
| 20110049164 | Banks et al. | Mar 2011 | A1 |
| 20110180533 | Hay | Jul 2011 | A1 |
| 20130062356 | Deka | Mar 2013 | A1 |
| 20130228583 | Mayer | Sep 2013 | A1 |
| 20150232266 | Ahmed | Aug 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 05020662 | May 1993 | JP |
| 2502753 | Jun 1996 | JP |
| 2004067234 | Mar 2004 | JP |
| 3781364 | May 2006 | JP |
| Entry |
|---|
| International Search Report and Written Opinion for related International Application No. PCT/US2017/015595; dated May 12, 2017. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160145029 A1 | May 2016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 14485272 | Sep 2014 | US |
| Child | 15012930 | US |
