BACKGROUND
Various software and hardware tools provide users the ability to create computer rendered images using techniques that replicate physical techniques of creating physical images. These software tools include virtual marking implements that model tip geometries associated with various physical marking implements (e.g., pencils, felt pens, crayons, markers, chalk, erasers, charcoal, pastels, colored pencils, scraperboard tools (e.g., knifes, cutters, gauges), conte crayons, and silverpoint). Further, these hardware tools include an electronic stylus combined with an electronic tablet that can approximate the physical feel of the various marking implements and enable the user to emulate movements of a physical marking implement on a surface (e.g. paper, canvas, whiteboard, and chalkboard).
In order to change the tip geometry, the user is typically required to select a different virtual marking implement or modify the tip geometry of the selected virtual marking implement within the software tools. However, in other implementations, the user physically utilizes different electronic styluses that correspond to different tip geometries.
Other implementations have used angle, pressure, tilt, velocity, and other motions of the electronic stylus to vary the size and/or overall opacity of an impression profile associated with the selected physical marking implement. However, past software tools do not vary the geometry and/or intensity of the impression profile (e.g. intensity distribution) based on an angle of the electronic stylus applied to the electronic tablet to model a physical marking implement oriented at the angle.
SUMMARY
The presently disclosed technology teaches a virtual marking implement (e.g. an electronic stylus) configured to determine a tilt angle of the virtual marking implement with respect to a surface (e.g., using an accelerometer or other means of determining a tilt angle of the virtual marking implement with respect to a surface). Further, the presently disclosed technology teaches determining a bearing of the virtual marking implement with respect to the surface. The angle and bearing are then used to vary a geometry of an impression profile associated with a selected physical marking implement as well as an intensity of a rendering on an electronic presentation device.
In a further implementation of the presently disclosed technology, barrel rotation of the virtual marking implement is also determined and used to vary the geometry of the impression profile associated with the selected physical marking implement as well as the intensity of the rendering on the electronic presentation device.
Still further, the impression profile associated with the selected physical marking implement may change over time as marks are rendered on an electronic presentation device. More specifically, a quantity of use of the physical marking implement defines in part the size, orientation, and/or shape of one or more facets on the physical marking implement. Existing facets on the physical marking implement may be modified and/or new facets may be added to the physical marking implement as marks are rendered on the electronic presentation device.
This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter. Other features, details, utilities, and advantages of the claimed subject matter will be apparent from the following more particular written Detailed Description of various implementations and implementations as further illustrated in the accompanying drawings and defined in the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS
The presently disclosed technology is best understood from the following Detailed Description describing various implementations read in connection with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1A shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement oriented at 40 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 1B shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement after a first quantity of use oriented at 40 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 1C shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement after a second quantity of use oriented at 40 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 2A shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement oriented vertically with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 2B shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement after a first quantity of use oriented vertically with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 2C shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement after a second quantity of use oriented vertically with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 3A shows an example flat tip of a physical marking implement oriented at 60 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 3B shows an example flat tip of a physical marking implement after a first quantity of use oriented at 60 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 3C shows an example flat tip of a physical marking implement after a second quantity of use oriented at 60 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 4A shows an example flat tip of a physical marking implement oriented vertically with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 4B shows an example flat tip of a physical marking implement after a first quantity of use oriented vertically with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 4C shows an example flat tip of a physical marking implement after a second quantity of use oriented vertically with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 5A shows an example round tip of a physical marking implement oriented 45 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 5B shows an example round tip of a physical marking implement after a first quantity of use oriented 45 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 5C shows an example round tip of a physical marking implement after a second quantity of use oriented 45 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 6A shows an example round tip of a physical marking implement oriented vertically with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 6B shows an example round tip of a physical marking implement after a first quantity of use oriented vertically with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 6C shows an example round tip of a physical marking implement after a second quantity of use oriented vertically with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding impression profile on the tablet surface.
FIG. 7A is a plan view of an example virtual marking system with a virtual tablet and a virtual marking implement with a point of contact position measured in an x-direction and a y-direction.
FIG. 7B is an elevation view of the example virtual marking system of FIG. 7A illustrating a tilt of the virtual marking implement in the x-direction.
FIG. 7C is an elevation view of the example virtual marking system of FIG. 7A illustrating a tilt of the virtual marking implement in the y-direction.
FIG. 8A shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement first oriented vertically having a first facet and then tilted 60 degrees from vertical to create a second facet in addition to the first facet.
FIG. 8B shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement first with 0 degrees of barrel rotation having a first facet and then rotated 15 degrees to create a second facet in addition to the first facet.
FIG. 9A shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement oriented at 40 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding bitmap.
FIG. 9B shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement after a first quantity of use oriented at 40 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding bitmap.
FIG. 9C shows an example conical tip of a physical marking implement after a second quantity of use oriented at 40 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface and a corresponding bitmap.
FIG. 10 shows an example look-up table for impression profiles indexed by tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, type of physical marking implement, and quantity of use.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating an example process for creating impression bitmaps based on impression profiles defined by tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, and quantity of use of a selected physical marking implement.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating an example process for rendering an impression profile based on tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, and quantity of use of a selected physical marking implement.
FIG. 13 illustrates an example computing system that can be used to implement the described technology.
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS
Current virtual marking implements (e.g., electronic styluses) fail to adequately model the effect of altering an angle of the electronic stylus with respect to a tablet on an intensity distribution of a selected physical marking implement (e.g., pencils, felt pens, crayons, markers, chalk, erasers, charcoal, pastels, colored pencils, scraperboard tools (e.g., knifes, cutters, gauges), conte crayons, and silverpoint). Further, current electronic styluses also fail to adequately model the effect of a quantity of use of the electronic stylus on an intensity distribution of the selected physical marking implement. The presently disclosed technology, teaches a virtual marking implement (i.e., a tilt sensitive input device) configured to determine a tilt angle and/or a bearing of the virtual marking implement when applied to a tablet surface (e.g. an electronic tablet). The virtual marking implement, for example, may comprise an accelerometer or other sensor for determining the tilt angle and/or bearing of the virtual marking implement. The angle and bearing are then used to vary a geometry of an impression profile associated with the selected physical marking implement as well as the intensity distribution of a rendering on an electronic presentation device.
Further, a faceting module is adapted to track quantity of use of the electronic stylus and create and/or vary one or more facets (i.e., wherein the physical marking implement is not symmetrical about a central axis) on a surface of the selected physical marking implement to mimic actual use of the physical marking implement (e.g., wear on a pencil tip). The quantity of use is a calculation based on one or more factors including, but not limited to, existing facet(s) and their corresponding size(s) and orientation(s), tip material properties (e.g., hardness) of the selected physical marking implement, a selected marking surface and/or selected roughness of the marking surface, distance traveled by the virtual marking implement in contact with the tablet surface, and pressure applied by the virtual marking implement on the tablet surface. Other factors may be used that allow a calculation of mimicked actual use of the selected physical marking implement.
In a further implementation, the presently disclosed technology teaches determining a barrel rotation of the virtual marking implement with respect to the tablet surface. The barrel rotation is then used to vary the geometry of the impression profile associated with the selected physical marking implement as well as the intensity distribution of the rendering on the electronic presentation device. Barrel rotation is especially applicable when the physical marking implement possesses one or more facets. As a result, tilt angle, bearing, quantity of use, (and in some implementations, barrel rotation) are used to define one or more facets on a surface of the selected physical marking implement.
In a further implementation, an accelerometer based virtual marking implement that does not utilize a tablet surface or other surface (e.g. wiimote for Nintendo Wii®) may be used to model the effect of altering an angle, barrel rotation, and/or bearing of the virtual marking implement on an intensity distribution of a selected physical marking implement. In another implementation, a haptic device (e.g. a virtual marking implement connected to an arm that provides a user force, vibration, and/or motion feedback) may be used to model the effect of altering an angle, barrel rotation, and/or bearing of the haptic device on an intensity distribution of a selected faceted physical marking implement.
As a result, a user may actively vary the impression profile while he or she produces strokes of the virtual marking implement across the tablet surface without the need to change the physical marking implement selection or switch to a different virtual marking implement. Further, the faceting module may vary the impression profile while each of the strokes is produced. The user may have the option to turn the faceting module off so that when a desired facet size, orientation, and/or shape is achieved, the user may maintain that facet as further marks are rendered on an electronic presentation device. The user may turn the faceting module back on when he or she desires to change the facet size, orientation, and/or shape. Physical marking implements that may possess facets that vary with a quantity of use are described below in varying levels of detail and include, but are not limited to, chalk, pencils, charcoal, erasers, crayons, pastels, colored pencils, conte crayons, and any solid marking implement that doesn't have hairs (i.e. non-brushes) and that may possess one or more facets that can vary with use.
When creating a rendering on a virtual canvas using the virtual marking implement and the tablet surface, a user may wish to vary the tip geometry of the virtual marking implement so that a corresponding impression profile mimics an impression of a corresponding physical marking implement at a corresponding orientation (and in some implementations, with one or more facets). The user may tilt and/or rotate the barrel of the virtual marking implement with respect to the tablet surface at a variety of angles to achieve a desired impression. Further, the user may “wear” a desired facet into the virtual marking implement by moving the virtual marking implement back and forth on the tablet surface. For example, FIGS. 1A-1C (described in detail below) illustrate a virtual marking implement 104 oriented at 30° from vertical corresponding to a physical marking implement 124 oriented at 40° from vertical with three quantities of use (i.e., unused, a first quantity of use, and a second quantity of use) and three corresponding impression profiles 112, 116, 120 that are detail plan views of a point of contact 128 or faceted surfaces 190, 194 in contact with a marking surface.
In some implementations, the tilt angle of the virtual marking implement equals the tilt angle of a corresponding physical marking implement. However, in other implementations, the tilt angle of the virtual marking implement may correspond to a lesser or greater tilt angle of the corresponding physical marking implement. For example, a user may desire greater tilt precision within a smaller tilt range of the corresponding physical marking implement. More specifically, in this implementation, greater hand movements of the virtual marking implement mimic smaller hand movements of a corresponding physical marking implement. In that case, 0°-90° tilt of the virtual marking implement may result in a 30°-60° tilt range of the corresponding physical marking implement. Similarly, the user may desire to achieve a greater tilt range of the corresponding physical marking implement while having to tilt the virtual marking implement a lesser amount. In that case, 30°-60° tilt of the virtual marking implement may result in a 0°-90° tilt range of the corresponding physical marking implement. This concept can equally be applied to barrel rotation. For example, a 0°-15° virtual marking implement barrel rotation may be mapped to a 0°-30° physical marking implement barrel rotation.
In the implementations shown in FIGS. 1A-1C, the corresponding physical marking implement 124 has a physical tilt angle (i.e., 40°) that exceeds a virtual tilt angle (i.e., 30°) of a modeled virtual marking implement 104. Barrel rotation of the faceted physical marking implement 124 may similarly exceed barrel rotation of the virtual marking implement 104.
In one implementation, the ability to detect the tilt of the virtual marking implement is limited to 0°-60°. However, it may be desirable to render markings corresponding to tilt angles of a physical marking implement ranging from 0°-90°. The 0°-60° detectable range may be mapped to the 0°-90° desired range to enable the user to achieve any desired tilt angle of the physical marking implement using the virtual marking implement with a limited tilt range. This enables the user to achieve a wide range of impression profiles even when the ability to detect tilt angles of the virtual marking implement is limited.
In still another implementation, once the tilt angle and/or barrel rotation angle of the virtual marking implement reaches a limit of tilt angle detection (e.g., 60°), a maximum tilt angle impression profile of the physical marking implement may be selected (e.g., a 90°). In other implementations, the impression profile may change at user perceptible tilt or barrel rotation angle steps (e.g., an impression profile change for every 5 degrees of tilt). In another implementation, the tilt or barrel rotation angle steps may be so small that the impression profile may appear to change uniformly (i.e. imperceptible tilt angle steps).
FIG. 1A shows an example conical tip 140 of a physical marking implement 124 oriented at 40 degrees from vertical (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 108 and a corresponding impression profile 112 on the tablet surface 108. The conical tip 140 of FIG. 1A is unfaceted and models the physical marking implement 124 with a zero or near zero quantity of use (e.g., a sharpened pencil). Since the modeled conical tip 140 is tilted (e.g., 40 degrees as shown in FIG. 1A), an area of greater intensity 132 is offset from a center 184 of the impression profile 112 (referred to herein as intensity offset) in the negative x-direction (away from the direction of tilt). Intensity fades with distance from the area of greater intensity 132 of the impression profile 112 to an outer edge 186 of the impression profile 112. Due to the offset of the area of greater intensity 132, the intensity fades faster in the negative x-direction than the positive x-direction. The impression 112 is symmetrical about an axis running through the center 184 of the impression profile 112 in the x-direction.
FIG. 1B shows an example conical tip 140 of a physical marking implement 124 after a first quantity of use oriented at 40 degrees from vertical (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 108 and a corresponding impression profile 116 on the tablet surface 108. The conical tip 140 of FIG. 1B has a first faceted surface 190 modeling the used physical marking implement 124 (e.g., a sharpened pencil with a first quantity of use). The virtual marking implement 104 is tilted 30 degrees from vertical to model the first faceted surface 190 of the conical tip 140 in contact with a marking surface (e.g., at 40 degrees from vertical as shown in FIG. 1B). The resulting impression profile 116 is oblong in a direction of tilt (x-direction) with an area of greater intensity 132 offset from the center 184 of the impression profile 116 (i.e., intensity offset) in the negative x-direction (away from the direction of tilt). The impression profile 116 is symmetrical about an axis running through the center 184 of the impression profile 116 in the x-direction.
This impression profile 116 is intended to model a contact area between the first faceted surface 190 of the conical tip 140 of the physical marking implement 124 and a marking surface where the mark is strongest where the pressure is the greatest. Similar to impression profile 112, impression profile 116 fades in intensity with distance from the area of greater intensity 132 of the impression profile 116 to an outer edge 186 of the impression profile 116. The fade in intensity to the outer edge 186 of the impression profile 116 is more gradual in the direction of tilt (positive x-direction) and more rapid in a direction away from the tilt (negative x-direction). Dissimilar to impression profile 112, impression profile 116 is oblong in the x-direction due to the oblong first faceted surface 190. Further, impression profile 116 is larger than impression profile 112 because the first faceted surface 190 in contact with a marking surface is larger than the point of contact 128 in contact with the marking surface.
FIG. 1C shows an example conical tip 140 of a physical marking implement 124 after a second quantity of use oriented at 40 degrees from vertical (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 108 and a corresponding impression profile 120 on the tablet surface 108. The conical tip 140 of FIG. 1C has a second faceted surface 194 modeling the used physical marking implement 124 (e.g., a sharpened pencil with a second quantity of use greater than the first quantity of use of FIG. 1B). The virtual marking implement 104 is tilted 30 degrees from vertical to model the second faceted surface 194 of the conical tip 140 in contact with a marking surface (e.g., at 40 degrees from vertical as shown in FIG. 1C). The resulting impression profile 120 is more oblong than impression profile 116 in a direction of tilt (x-direction) with an area of greater intensity 132 offset from the center 184 of the impression profile 120 (i.e., intensity offset) in the negative x-direction (away from the direction of tilt). The impression profile 120 is symmetrical about an axis running through the center 184 of the impression profile 120 in the x-direction.
This impression profile 120 is intended to model a contact area between the second faceted surface 194 of the conical tip 140 of the physical marking implement 124 and a marking surface where the mark is strongest where the pressure is the greatest. Similar to impression profiles 112, 116, impression profile 120 fades in intensity with distance from the area of greater intensity 132 of the impression profile 120 to an outer edge 186 of the impression profile 120. The fade in intensity to the outer edge 186 of the impression profile 116 is more gradual in the direction of tilt (positive x-direction) and more rapid in a direction away from the tilt (negative x-direction). Further, similar to impression profile 116; impression profile 120 is oblong in the x-direction due to the oblong second faceted surface 194. Further, impression profile 120 is larger than impression profile 116 because the second faceted surface 194 in contact with a marking surface is larger than the first faceted surface 190 in contact with the marking surface.
FIG. 2A shows an example conical tip 240 of a physical marking implement 224 oriented vertically (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 208 and a corresponding impression profile 212 on the tablet surface 208. The conical tip 240 of FIG. 2A is unfaceted and models a point of contact 228 of the physical marking implement 224 with a zero or near zero quantity of use (e.g., a sharpened pencil) with a marking surface. Since the conical tip 240 is oriented vertically, an area of greater intensity 232 is located at a center 284 of the impression profile 212 (i.e., no intensity offset). Intensity fades uniformly with distance from the area of greater intensity 232 of the impression profile 212 to an outer edge 286 of the impression profile 212. The impression 212 is symmetrical about axes running through the center 284 of the impression profile 212 in both the x-direction and the y-direction.
FIG. 2B shows an example conical tip 240 of a physical marking implement 224 after a first quantity of use oriented vertically (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 208 and a corresponding impression profile 216 on the tablet surface 208. The conical tip 240 of FIG. 2B has a first faceted surface 290 modeling the used physical marking implement 224 (e.g., a sharpened pencil with a first quantity of use). Similar to the impression profile 212 of FIG. 2A, since the conical tip 240 is oriented vertically; an area of greater intensity 232 is located at a center 284 of the impression profile 216 (i.e., no intensity offset). Intensity fades uniformly with distance from the area of greater intensity 232 of the impression profile 216 to an outer edge 286 of the impression profile 216. The impression 216 is symmetrical about axes running through the center 284 of the impression profile 216 in both the x-direction and the y-direction. Further, impression profile 216 is larger than impression profile 212 because the first faceted surface 290 in contact with a marking surface is larger than the point of contact 228 with the marking surface.
FIG. 2C shows an example conical tip 240 of a physical marking implement 224 after a second quantity of use oriented vertically (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 208 and a corresponding impression profile 220 on the tablet surface 208. The conical tip 240 of FIG. 2C has a second faceted surface 294 modeling the used physical marking implement 224 (e.g., a sharpened pencil with a second quantity of use greater than the first quantity of use of FIG. 2B). Similar to the impression profiles 212, 216 of FIGS. 2A and 2B, since the conical tip 240 is oriented vertically; an area of greater intensity 232 is located at a center 284 of the impression profile 220 (i.e., no intensity offset). Intensity fades uniformly with distance from the area of greater intensity 232 of the impression profile 220 to an outer edge 286 of the impression profile 220. The impression 220 is symmetrical about axes running through the center 284 of the impression profile 220 in both the x-direction and the y-direction. Further, impression profile 220 is larger than impression profile 216 because the second faceted surface 294 in contact with a marking surface is larger than the first faceted surface 290 of FIG. 2B in contact with the marking surface.
Impression profiles 112, 116, and 120 of FIGS. 1A-1C and impression profiles 212, 216, and 220 of FIGS. 2A-2C are specific to physical marking implements with a conical marking tip 140, 240 such as pencils and crayons. Other impression profiles consistent with other physical marking implements are contemplated herein and discussed below.
FIG. 3A shows an example flat tip 344 of a physical marking implement 324 oriented at 60 degrees from vertical (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 308 and a corresponding impression profile 312 on the tablet surface 308. The flat tip 344 of FIG. 3A is unfaceted and models a point of contact 328 of the physical marking implement 324 with a zero or near zero quantity of use (e.g., an unused or nearly unused pencil eraser) with a marking surface. When the virtual marking implement 304 has some tilt (e.g., 45 degrees from vertical as shown in FIG. 3A), the resulting impression profile 312 is oblong in the y-direction with an area of greater intensity 332 at the center 384 of the impression profile 312. The impression profile 312 is symmetrical about axes running through the center 384 of the impression profile 312 in the x-direction and the y-direction. Impression profile 312 fades in intensity with distance from the center 384 of the impression profile 312 to an outer edge 386 of the impression profile 312.
This impression profile 312 is intended to model the point of contact 338 of the flat tip 344 of the physical marking implement 324 and a marking surface where the mark is strongest where the pressure is the greatest. Here, the pressure is the greatest at a center 384 of the impression profile 316 at the point of contact 338. The intensity fades uniformly and rapidly from the center 384 to the outer edge 386 in the x-direction. In the y-direction, the intensity fades uniformly from the center 384 to the outer edge 386 over a length of a lower edge of the flat tip 344 in contact with the marking surface due to a slight curvature of the lower edge away from the marking surface.
FIG. 3B shows an example flat tip 344 of a physical marking implement 324 after a first quantity of use oriented at 60 degrees from vertical (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 308 and a corresponding impression profile 316 on the tablet surface 308. The flat tip 344 of FIG. 3B has a first faceted surface 390 modeling the used physical marking implement 324 (e.g., a pencil eraser with a first quantity of use).
The virtual marking implement 304 is tilted 45 degrees from vertical to model the faceted surface 390 of the flat tip 344 in contact with a marking surface (e.g., at 45 degrees from vertical as shown in FIG. 3B). The resulting impression profile 316 resembles a quadrilateral with convex sides having an area of greater intensity 332 located at a center 384 of the impression profile 316. The impression profile 316 is symmetrical about axes running through the center 384 of the impression profile 316 in the x-direction and the y-direction. The impression profile 316 also has an intensity that fades from the area of greater intensity 332 at the center 384 of the impression profile 316 to the edge 386 of the impression profile 316.
When a profile of a faceted tip with a flat side (e.g., flat tip 444) is modeled, a falloff value may be used. The falloff may be used to cut a portion of the profile off from an impression profile corresponding to a position and shape of a facet combined with the tilt angle and/or barrel rotation. Referring specifically to FIG. 3B, the impression profile 316 is an ellipse with falloffs cutting the left and right sides (corresponding to lower edge 388 and upper edge 389 of the faceted surface 390) of impression profile 316 off when the faceted surface 390 is in contact with the marking surface. As the virtual marking implement 304 is tilted such that the faceted surface 390 is no longer in contact with the marking surface, the falloff quickly decreases to zero (i.e., disappears from the impression profile). The falloff may be incorporated into the system as a function and/or curve that varies according to tip profile, tilt angle, facet shape/orientation, and/or barrel rotation. In addition, the falloff may be curved or angular depending on the tip profile, tilt angle, facet shape/orientation, and/or barrel rotation.
FIG. 3C shows an example flat tip 344 of a physical marking implement 324 after a second quantity of use oriented at 60 degrees from vertical (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 308 and a corresponding impression profile 320 on the tablet surface 308. The flat tip 344 of FIG. 3C has a second faceted surface 394 modeling the used physical marking implement 324 (e.g., a pencil eraser with a second quantity of use greater than the first quantity of use of FIG. 3B).
The virtual marking implement 304 is tilted 45 degrees from vertical to model the faceted surface 394 of the flat tip 344 in contact with a marking surface (e.g., at 45 degrees from vertical as shown in FIG. 3C). Similar to impression profile 316 of FIG. 3C, impression profile 320 resembles a quadrilateral with convex sides having an area of greater intensity 332 located at a center 384 of the impression profile 320. The impression profile 320 is symmetrical about axes running through the center 384 of the impression profile 320 in the x-direction and the y-direction. The impression profile 320 also has an intensity that fades from the area of greater intensity 332 at the center 384 of the impression profile 320 to the edge 386 of the impression profile 320. Impression profile 320 is larger than impression profile 316 because the second faceted surface 394 in contact with a marking surface is larger than the first faceted surface 390 of FIG. 3B in contact with the marking surface.
Similar to impression profile 316, the impression profile 320 is an ellipse stretched along the x-direction with falloffs on the left and right side of the impression profile 320. The falloffs correspond to relatively flat sides of the faceted surface 394 (i.e., lower edge 388 and upper edge 389). As the virtual marking implement 304 is tilted onto either the lower edge 388 or upper edge 389, the falloff quickly decreases to zero (i.e., disappears from the impression profile). The falloff may be incorporated into the system as a function and/or curve that varies according to tip profile, tilt angle, facet shape/orientation, and/or barrel rotation. In addition, the falloff may be curved or angular depending on the tip profile, tilt angle, facet shape/orientation, and/or barrel rotation.
FIG. 4A shows an example flat tip 444 of a physical marking implement 424 oriented vertically (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 408 and a corresponding impression profile 412 on the tablet surface 408. The flat tip 444 of FIG. 4A is unfaceted and models a contact surface 428 of the physical marking implement 424 with a zero or near zero quantity of use (e.g., an unused or nearly unused pencil eraser) with a marking surface. Since the flat tip 444 is oriented vertically, the shape of the impression profile 412 matches the cross-section of the flat tip 444 (i.e., a circle shape). Further, the intensity of the impression profile 412 is uniform across the impression profile 412.
FIG. 4B shows an example flat tip 444 of a physical marking implement 424 after a first quantity of use oriented vertically (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 408 and a corresponding impression profile 416 on the tablet surface 408. The flat tip 444 of FIG. 4B has a first faceted surface 490 modeling a physical marking implement 424 that has been used (e.g., a pencil eraser with a first quantity of use). Similar to the impression profile 412 of FIG. 4A, since the flat tip 444 is oriented vertically, the shape of the impression profile 416 matches the cross-section of the flat tip 444 (i.e., a circle shape). Further, the intensity of the impression profile 416 is uniform across the impression profile 416.
FIG. 4C shows an example flat tip 444 of a physical marking implement 424 after a second quantity of use oriented vertically (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 408 and a corresponding impression profile 420 on the tablet surface 408. The flat tip 444 of FIG. 4C has a second faceted surface 494 modeling the used physical marking implement 424 (e.g., a pencil eraser with a second quantity of use greater than the first quantity of use of FIG. 4B). Similar to the impression profiles 412, 416 of FIGS. 4A & 4B, since the flat tip 444 is oriented vertically, the shape of the impression profile 420 matches the cross-section of the flat tip 444 (i.e., a circle shape). Further, the intensity of the impression profile 420 is uniform across the impression profile 420.
Impression profiles 312, 316, and 320 of FIGS. 3A-3C and impression profiles 412, 416, and 420 of FIGS. 4A-4C are specific to physical marking implements with a faceted flat marking end 244 and a circular cross section such as pencil erasers. Other impression profiles consistent with other physical marking implements are contemplated and discussed herein.
FIG. 5A shows an example round tip 548 of a physical marking implement 524 oriented 45 degrees from vertical (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 508 and a corresponding impression profile 512 on the tablet surface 508. The round tip 548 of FIG. 5A is unfaceted and models a point of contact 528 of the physical marking implement 524 with a zero or near zero quantity of use (e.g., an unused or nearly unused rounded piece of chalk) with a marking surface. The virtual marking implement 504 is tilted 30 degrees from vertical and corresponds to the physical marking implement 524 oriented 45 degrees from vertical. The resulting impression profile 512 is generally circular with an area of greater intensity 532 at the center 584 of the impression profile 512 and a gradually fading intensity with distance from the center 584 of the impression profile 512 to an outer edge 586 of the impression profile 512.
FIG. 5B shows an example round tip 548 of a physical marking implement 524 after a first quantity of use oriented 45 degrees from vertical (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 508 and a corresponding impression profile 516 on the tablet surface 508. The round tip 548 of FIG. 5B has a first faceted surface 590 modeling the used physical marking implement 524 (e.g., a rounded piece of chalk with a first quantity of use). The virtual marking implement 504 is tilted 30 degrees from vertical and corresponds to the physical marking implement 524 oriented 45 degrees from vertical. The impression profile 516 is fairly uniform with a quickly fading intensity near an outer edge 586 of the impression profile 516. Further, impression profile 516 is slightly oblong in the direction of tilt (positive x-direction). Impression profile 516 is also larger than impression profile 512 because the first faceted surface 590 in contact with the marking surface is larger than the point of contact 528 of FIG. 5A in contact with the marking surface.
FIG. 5C shows an example round tip 548 of a physical marking implement 524 after a second quantity of use oriented 45 degrees from vertical (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 508 and a corresponding impression profile 520 on the tablet surface 508. The round tip 548 of FIG. 5C has a second faceted surface 594 modeling the used physical marking implement 524 (e.g., a rounded piece of chalk with a second quantity of use greater than the first quantity of use of FIG. 5B). The impression profile 520 is fairly uniform with a quickly fading intensity near an outer edge 586 of the impression profile 520. Impression profile 520 is more oblong in the direction of tilt (positive x-direction) than impression profile 516 due to the oblong shape of the second faceted surface 594. Further, impression profile 520 is even larger than impression profile 516 because the second faceted surface 594 in contact with the marking surface is larger than the first faceted surface 590 of FIG. 5B in contact with the marking surface.
FIG. 6A shows an example round tip 648 of a physical marking implement 624 oriented vertically (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 608 and a corresponding impression profile 612 on the tablet surface 608. The round tip 648 of FIG. 6A is unfaceted and models a point of contact 628 of the physical marking implement 624 with a zero or near zero quantity of use (e.g., a rounded piece of chalk) with a marking surface. Since the round tip 648 is oriented vertically, an area of greater intensity 632 is located at a center 684 of the impression profile 612. Intensity fades uniformly with distance from the area of greater intensity 632 of the impression profile 612 to an outer edge 686 of the impression profile 612. The impression 612 is symmetrical about axes running through the center 684 of the impression profile 612 in both the x-direction and the y-direction.
FIG. 6B shows an example round tip 648 of a physical marking implement 624 after a first quantity of use oriented vertically (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 608 and a corresponding impression profile 616 on the tablet surface 608. The round tip 648 of FIG. 6B has a first faceted surface 690 modeling the used physical marking implement 624 (e.g., a rounded piece of chalk with a first quantity of use). The impression profile 616 is fairly uniform with a quickly fading intensity near an outer edge 686 of the impression profile 616. The impression 616 is symmetrical about axes running through the center 684 of the impression profile 616 in both the x-direction and the y-direction. Further, impression profile 616 is larger than impression profile 612 because the first faceted surface 690 in contact with a marking surface is larger than the point of contact 628 with the marking surface.
FIG. 6C shows an example round tip 648 of a physical marking implement 624 after a second quantity of use oriented vertically (z-direction) with respect to a horizontal (x, y directions) tablet surface 608 and a corresponding impression profile 620 on the tablet surface 608. The round tip 648 of FIG. 6C has a second faceted surface 694 modeling the used physical marking implement 624 (e.g., a rounded piece of chalk with a second quantity of use greater than the first quantity of use of FIG. 6B). The impression profile 620 is fairly uniform with a quickly fading intensity near an outer edge 686 of the impression profile 620. The impression 620 is symmetrical about axes running through the center 684 of the impression profile 620 in both the x-direction and the y-direction. Further, impression profile 620 is larger than impression profile 616 because the second faceted surface 694 in contact with a marking surface is larger than the first faceted surface 690 of FIG. 6B in contact with the marking surface.
Impression profiles 512, 516, and 520 of FIG. 5 and impression profiles 612, 616, and 620 are specific to physical marking implements with a faceted round marking end 548, 648 such as rounded chalk. Other impression profiles consistent with other physical marking implements are contemplated and discussed herein.
Referring to FIGS. 7A-7C, a user may utilize an electronic tablet 736 and a virtual marking implement 724 to input changes in tilt, bearing, and/or barrel rotation. The user orients the virtual marking implement 724 at the desired tilt in x and y directions and contacts the tablet surface 708 at a contact area 728. The user may also orient the virtual marking implement 724 at a desired barrel rotation.
In one implementation, virtual marking implement 724 may measure tilt angle, tilt direction, and/or barrel rotation directly and send that information to a computer. In other implementations, the computer may collect various position data from the virtual marking implement 724 and calculate the tilt and/or barrel rotation of the virtual marking implement 724 based on the collected position data. Further, the x-direction tilt and y-direction tilt may be collected as a tilt angle and directional bearing of the tilt. Alternatively, the x-direction tilt and y-direction may be collected directly and subsequently converted to a tilt angle and directional bearing of the tilt.
In still further implementations, tilt angle, tilt direction, and/or barrel rotation are determined when the virtual marking implement 724 contacts or comes in close contact with the electronic tablet 736. In other implementations, the computer may monitor the tilt and/or position data sent from the virtual marking implement 724 so long as the virtual marking implement 724 is within range of the computer. Further, the virtual marking implement 724 may utilize accelerometers to determine tilt angle, however, other means for measuring and/or calculating tilt angle, tilt direction, and/or barrel rotation are contemplated.
FIG. 7A is a plan view of an example virtual marking system 700 with a virtual tablet 736 and a virtual marking implement 724 with a point of contact 728 position measured in an x-direction and a y-direction. Side edges of the electronic tablet 736 are aligned with coordinate axes x and y. The virtual marking implement 724 is contacting the tablet surface 708 at a contact area 728 defined by distance “a” in the x-direction and distance “b” in the y-direction. Further, the virtual marking implement 724 is shown with a tilt angle in the positive x-direction and negative y-direction.
FIG. 7A also incorporates a scratch pad 737 in the lower right-hand corner of the tablet surface 708. The scratch pad 737 may be used to “wear” one or more facets into a selected physical marking implement that is modeled by the virtual marking implement 724 by moving the virtual marking implement 724 across the scratch pad 737 repeatedly until a desired facet is obtained. For example, a user may select a sharpened pencil as a desired physical marking implement; however, the user may wish to have a facet in the sharpened pencil. The user may use the scratch pad 737 to obtain the desired facet(s).
In one implementation, the scratch pad 737 is always active and motion of the virtual marking implement across the scratch pad 737 always results in “wearing” one or more facets into the selected physical marking implement. In another implementation, the scratch pad 737 may be deactivated by a user so that the user may keep a desired facet even when producing strokes of the virtual marking implement 724 in the region of the tablet surface 708 occupied by the scratch pad 737. The user may activate the scratch pad 737 when he or she desires to use the scratch pad 737 again to change the facet number, size, orientation, and/or shape on the selected physical marking implement. Activation and deactivation of the scratch pad 737 may be accomplished by the user using a variety of user input devices (e.g., keystroke, mouse selection, virtual marking implement selection).
In other implementations, the scratch pad 737 has a different size, shape (e.g., circular or rectangular), and/or orientation with respect to the remainder of the tablet surface 708 (e.g., occupying another corner of the tablet surface 708, occupying a side of the tablet surface 708, occupying a center of the tablet surface 708) than that shown in FIG. 7A. Additionally, the size, shape and/or orientation of the scratch pad 737 may be user configurable. For example, the scratch pad 737 may be manipulated via the virtual marking implement 724 or other user input device (e.g., a mouse or keyboard).
In still other implementations, the tablet surface 708 does not include a scratch pad. Any portion of the tablet surface 708 may be used to “wear” one or more facets into the selected physical marking implement that is modeled by the virtual marking implement 724 by moving the virtual marking implement 724 across any portion of the tablet surface 708 until a desired facet is obtained. Additionally, the tablet surface 708 may always be active for “wearing” and motion of the virtual marking implement across the tablet surface 708 always results in “wearing” one or more facets into the selected physical marking implement. Alternatively, the tablet surface 708 may be deactivated for “wear” by a user so that the user may keep a desired facet even when producing strokes of the virtual marking implement 724 on the tablet surface 708.
FIG. 7B is an elevation view of the example virtual marking system 700 of FIG. 7A illustrating a tilt of the virtual marking implement 724 in the x-direction. Coordinate axis x is aligned with a first side edge of the electronic tablet 736 and coordinate axis z is perpendicular to the tablet surface 708. The virtual marking implement 724 is contacting the tablet surface 708 at the contact area 728 defined by distance a in the x-direction. Further, the virtual marking implement 724 is shown with a tilt angle in the positive x-direction. Still further, the virtual marking implement 724 may be rotated about its longitudinal axis to effect a barrel rotation of a corresponding physical marking implement as indicated by arrow 796.
FIG. 7C is an elevation view of the example virtual marking system 700 of FIG. 7A illustrating a tilt of the virtual marking implement 724 in the y-direction. Coordinate axis y is aligned with a second side edge of the electronic tablet 736 and coordinate axis z is perpendicular to the tablet surface 708. The virtual marking implement 724 is contacting the tablet surface 708 at the contact area 728 defined by distance b in the y-direction. Further, the virtual marking implement 724 is shown with a tilt angle in the negative y-direction. Still further, the virtual marking implement 724 may be rotated about its longitudinal axis to effect a barrel rotation of a corresponding physical marking implement as indicated by arrow 796.
The generation of an impression profile is based on information received from the user including: selection of a physical marking implement and dimensional information of the physical marking implement. In some implementations, the dimensional information of the physical marking implement is predefined based on common attributes of the selected physical marking implement. In other implementations, the dimensional information of the selected physical marking implement is customizable by the user. For example, the user may specify the physical marking implement's length, diameter, x-sectional profile, and tip angle, facet shape, facet orientation, other properties specific to the physical marking implement that the user wishes to model. The user may also modify facet shape and/or orientation by “wearing” one or more facets into the selected physical marking implement. Further, the generation of an impression profile is based on information received from the virtual marking implement including tilt angle, tilt bearing (or alternatively x-direction tilt, y-direction tilt), and/or barrel rotation.
FIG. 8A shows an example conical tip 840 of a physical marking implement 824 first oriented vertically having a first facet 890 and then tilted 60 degrees from vertical to create a second facet 894 in addition to the first facet 890. In the left illustration of FIG. 8A, the physical marking implement 824 is oriented vertically. The first facet 890 is “worn” into the conical tip 840 by a user and is oriented flush with a marking surface 860. The first facet 890 models a physical marking implement (e.g., a sharpened pencil) with a first quantity of use.
In the right illustration of FIG. 8A, the physical marking implement 824 is moved to an orientation tilted 60 degrees from vertical. The second facet 894 is “worn” into the conical tip 840 by the user and is oriented flush with the marking surface 860. The second facet 894 models the physical marking implement (e.g., a single-faceted pencil) with a second quantity of use.
As a result, while the first facet 890 still exists on the conical tip 840, the second facet 894 has replaced some of the first facet 890 with the second facet 984. Further, the facets 840, 894 are “worn” into the conical tip 840 flush with the marking surface 860 at the orientation of the physical marking implement 824 when the facets 840, 894 are created. As a result, the facets 840, 894 may be oriented at any angle on the conical tip 840. This process may be repeated to create numerous facets on a conical tip 840. Further, this process may be utilized on other tip shapes (e.g., round tips and flat tips).
FIG. 8B shows an example conical tip 840 of a physical marking implement 824 first with 0 degrees of barrel rotation having a first facet 890 and then rotated 15 degrees to create a second facet 894 in addition to the first facet 890. In the left illustration of FIG. 8B, the physical marking implement 824 is oriented at a tilt angle (i.e., any tilt angle greater than 0 degrees from vertical) with a reference barrel rotation (e.g., 0 degrees). The first facet 890 is “worn” into the conical tip 840 by a user and is oriented flush with a marking surface 860. The first facet 890 models a physical marking implement (e.g., a sharpened pencil) with a first quantity of use.
In the right illustration of FIG. 8B, the physical marking implement 824 is rotated 15 degrees about its barrel. The second facet 894 is “worn” into the conical tip 840 by the user and is oriented flush with the marking surface 860. The second facet 894 models the physical marking implement (e.g., a single-faceted pencil) with a second quantity of use.
As a result, while the first facet 890 still exists on the conical tip 840, the second facet 894 has replaced some of the first facet 890 with the second facet 984. Further, the facets 840, 894 are “worn” into the conical tip 840 flush with the marking surface 860 at the orientation of the physical marking implement 824 when the facets 840, 894 are created. As a result, the facets 840, 894 may be oriented at any orientation on the conical tip 840. This process may be repeated to create numerous facets on a conical tip 840. Further, this process may be utilized on other tip shapes (e.g., round tips and flat tips).
In one implementation, impression profiles are created using bitmaps with bits having varying intensities corresponding to a modeled physical mark. A series of bitmaps are rendered on an electronic presentation device in real-time corresponding to dimensional information and physical properties of the physical marking implement as the tilt angle changes. Further, the maximum size of the bitmap is defined by a dimension of the modeled physical marking implement. In one implementation, the dimension is the greater of the length and width of a marking portion of the physical marking implement. Therefore, the height and width of the maximum bitmap are equal to the greater of the length and width of the marking portion of the physical marking implement. However, the actual size of each rendered bitmap varies according to the selected physical marking implement, tilt angle and/or barrel rotation.
In one conical tip implementation, a maximum width of a facet surface of the physical marking implement defines the maximum bitmap size. In another conical tip implementation (e.g., a pencil), a length of exposed lead along a portion of the conical tip (i.e. a marking portion) of the physical marking implement in contact with a marking surface defines the maximum bitmap size. In yet another implementation (e.g., crayons, chalk, charcoal, and pastels), a length of the entire conical tip defines the maximum bitmap size.
In one flat tip or round tip implementation, the greater of a length and a width of a facet surface on the physical marking implement defines the maximum bitmap size. In another flat tip or round tip implementation, the greater of a diameter and a length of a marking portion of the physical marking implement defines the maximum bitmap size. More specifically, in an implementation where the marking portion runs the entire length of the physical marking implement (e.g., a crayon without a label, piece of chalk, piece of charcoal, or pastel), the greater dimension is the length rather than the diameter of the physical marking implement. In another flat tip or round tip implementation where the marking portion length is only a portion of the entire length of the physical marking implement (e.g., a pencil eraser and a crayon with a label); the greater dimension may be the diameter rather than the length of the physical marking implement or the greater of a length and a width of the facet surface of the physical marking implement.
Further, in some implementations, the orientation of each rendered bitmap varies according to bearing of the tilt. More specifically, the height and width of each rendered bitmap is defined by the tilt angle and the orientation of height and width with respect to an x-direction and a y-direction is defined by the bearing of the tilt. This calculation is commonly performed by an affine transform.
The affine transform may be used to scale each rendered bitmap in the direction of the tilt and in directions orthogonal to the tilt. More specifically, the affine transform allows the rendered bitmap to be scaled in two separate directions with distinct scaling ratios. In other implementations, the orientation of height and width with respect to the x-direction and the y-direction may also be calculated using formulae specific to the modeled physical marking implement.
In some implementations, the rendered bitmap is smooth (e.g., a marker). In other implementations, the rendered bitmap is grainy (e.g., chalk). The visual appearance of the bitmap on the electronic presentation device mimics the appearance of the selected physical marking implement on a marking surface.
FIG. 9A shows an example conical tip 940 of a physical marking implement 924 oriented at 40 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface 908 and a corresponding bitmap 970. Bitmap 970 is constrained to a bit number corresponding to a maximum dimension of the modeled physical marking implement 924 (discussed above). The modeled physical marking implement 924 has a unfaceted conical tip 940, similar to the unfaceted conical tip 140 (leftmost illustration) of FIG. 1. Referencing FIG. 1, the impression profile 112 corresponding to unfaceted conical tip 140 is relatively small and circular. As a result, bitmap 970 is similarly small and circular (e.g., 3 bits by 3 bits).
FIG. 9B shows an example conical tip 940 of a physical marking implement 924 after a first quantity of use oriented at 40 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface 908 and a corresponding bitmap 978. Bitmap 978 is constrained to a bit number corresponding to a maximum dimension of the modeled physical marking implement 924 (discussed above). The modeled physical marking implement 924 has a first faceted conical tip 940, similar to faceted conical tip 140 (center illustration) of FIG. 1. Referencing FIG. 1, the impression profile 116 corresponding to conical tip 140 with faceted surface 190 is larger than impression profile 112 and oblong in the direction of tilt (x-direction). As a result, bitmap 978 becomes larger and oblong in a direction of tilt (x-direction) when compared to bitmap 970 (e.g., 12 bits by 36 bits).
FIG. 9C shows an example conical tip 940 of a physical marking implement 924 after a second quantity of use oriented at 40 degrees from vertical with respect to a horizontal tablet surface 908 and a corresponding bitmap 974. Bitmap 974 is constrained to a bit number corresponding to a maximum dimension of the modeled physical marking implement 924 (discussed above). The modeled physical marking implement 924 has a second faceted conical tip 940, similar to faceted conical tip 140 (rightmost illustration) of FIG. 1. Referencing FIG. 1, the impression profile 120 corresponding to conical tip 140 with faceted surface 194 is even larger and even more oblong in a direction of tilt (x-direction) than the impression profile 116. As a result, bitmap 974 becomes even larger and even more oblong in a direction of tilt (x-direction) when compared to bitmap 978 (e.g., 20 bits by 44 bits).
Cumulatively, a maximum dimension of the bitmaps 970, 978, and 974 of FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C is forty-four bits. In some implementations, the maximum dimension defines the dimension for all bitmaps for the selected physical marking implement 924. Bitmaps may also be generated for tip orientations other than conical tips (e.g., flat tips and round tips). Bitmaps for each tip orientation will depend on the form factor of the impression profile at each tilt angle.
Once a bitmap size is determined, an intensity value is determined for each of the bits in the bitmap. The intensity value for each bit mimics an intensity of the corresponding location in a mark made by a physical marking implement on a marking surface. Bitmap with intensity values approximate the impression profiles discussed above with respect to FIGS. 1A-6C.
FIG. 10 shows an example look-up table 1000 for impression profiles indexed by tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, type of physical marking implement, and quantity of use. More specifically, the example look-up table 1000 is for a pencil and shows example impression profiles for the pencil at 0 degrees tilt, 0 degrees bearing, 0 degrees rotation, and no use; 20 degrees tilt, 30 degrees bearing, 0 degrees rotation, and possessing a first facet corresponding to a first quantity of use; and 40 degrees tilt, 60 degrees bearing, 0 degrees rotation, and possessing a second facet corresponding to a second quantity of use. The selected tilt, bearing, rotation, type of physical marking implement, and quantity of use combinations shown in look-up table 1000 are examples only. There may be many more combinations of tilt, bearing, rotation, type of physical marking implement, and quantity of use indexed in the look-up table 1000. Further, additional or fewer properties may be included in the look-up table 1000. In one implementation, all possible tilt, bearing, rotation, and quantity of use values are tabulated for each physical marking implement.
In another implementation, at least one tip geometry for each available physical marking implement oriented at each available tilt angle, bearing, and barrel rotation is saved in a database associated with a drawing application. Further, multiple tip geometries for each physical marking implement may be stored in the database corresponding to multiple lengths, widths, or other variable properties of the selected physical marking implement. In one implementation, a user selects a physical marking implement in the drawing application. In another implementation, the user modifies default tip geometry, including facets, associated with the selected physical marking implement thereby creating a custom tip geometry. In still other implementations, the user creates a tip geometry from scratch using dimensional and marking characteristics of the physical marking implement that the user wishes to model.
In one implementation, all bitmaps for a selected tip geometry are generated based on the look-up tables. The drawing application monitors a tablet surface for contact by a virtual marking implement. Once the virtual marking implement makes contact with the tablet surface, the computer application reads tilt, bearing (or alternatively tilt in x-direction and y-direction), and rotation information and selects the bitmap that corresponds best to the measured tilt, bearing, and rotation information. The drawing application then adjusts the bitmap and renders the appropriate mark on a presentation device. In one implementation, the drawing application repeatedly monitors the virtual marking implement for tilt, bearing, and rotation information at a high rate and adjusts the rendering as the user changes tilt, bearing, and rotation of the virtual marking implement. The drawing application may also monitor quantity of use of the virtual marking implement at each measured tilt, bearing, and rotation to determine if and when one or more facets should be changed and/or added to the selected tip geometry. These operations may be done rapidly and/or at a high rate to render markings for the user in real-time.
In an alternative implementation, the look-up tables may not contain impression profiles for all available tilt, bearing, and rotation angles. The drawing application can calculate in real-time changes in the impression profile based on changes in tilt, bearing, and/or rotation by applying a function that modifies a stored impression profile to the appropriate tilt, bearing, and rotation. Similarly, the look-up tables may not contain impression profiles for all available facets corresponding to various quantities of use at various tilt, bearing, and rotation angles. The drawing application can calculate in real-time changes in the impression profile based on quantity of use by applying a function that modifies a stored impression profile to the appropriate quantity of use.
In yet another implementation, the drawing application renders marks on a presentation device without the use of the one or more look-up tables. Here, the drawing application reads tilt, bearing, rotation, and quantity of use information from the virtual marking implement and generates bitmaps in real-time that correspond best to the measured tilt, bearing, rotation, and quantity of use based on a combination of physical marking implement settings, curves, and measurements. The drawing application then adjusts the bitmaps and renders the appropriate impression profiles on the presentation device.
In still another implementation, bitmaps are generated in real-time and stored in a cache. While rendering marks on the presentation device, the drawing application retrieves bitmaps from the cache corresponding to measured tilt, bearing, rotation, and quantity of use information. If an appropriate bitmap does not exist in the cache for the measured tilt, bearing, rotation, and quantity of use information, the drawing application generates a new bitmap for that combination of tilt, bearing, rotation, and quantity of use and stores the new bitmap in the cache.
FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating an example process for creating impression bitmaps based on impression profiles defined by tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, and quantity of use of a selected physical marking implement. In a detection operation 1110, a drawing application detects a profile change event input from the user. The profile change event is any input that results in a modification of the impression profile. For example, the user may create a new tip geometry, select a different physical marking implement, select a facet, or modify the selected physical marking implement. Further, the user may change the orientation of a virtual marking implement resulting in a different tilt, bearing, and/or barrel rotation of the virtual marking implement. Still further, the user may render a marking that affects a quantity of use of the virtual marking implement.
In a first determining operation 1120, the drawing application determines the maximum bitmap size of the selected physical marking implement. In a second determining operation 1130, the drawing application then determines tip geometry based on the selected physical marking implement, selected facet, facet created by a quantity of use, and/or user created tip geometry. In a retrieving operation 1140, the drawing application uses the determined tip geometry and determined maximum bitmap size to retrieve tip parameter sets that define properties of the selected physical marking implement. These properties include, but are not limited to, scaling factors, intensity curves or functions, and/or impression profile look-up tables.
In a third determining operation 1150, the drawing application then determines bitmap sizes by applying scale factors based on tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, and/or quantity of use to the maximum bitmap size of the selected physical marking implement. There may be separate scale factors for bitmap size in the x-direction and the y-direction, or alternatively each scale factor may apply to bitmap size in both the x-direction and the y-direction. In a computing operation 1160, the drawing application then computes an offset dimension and/or a falloff based on the tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, and/or quantity of use of the virtual marking implement. The offset dimension defines the direction and magnitude of an offset between the center of intensity of each bitmap with respect to the dimensional center of each bitmap. The falloff may be used to cut a portion of the bitmap off corresponding to a position and shape of a facet combined with the tilt angle and/or barrel rotation.
In a generating operation 1170, an intensity profile is generated based on the tip parameter set, the bitmap size, and the offset/falloff dimension(s). In a creation operation 1180, the intensity profile is applied to the bitmap size to generate a bitmap unique to a specific combination of tip geometry, tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, and/or quantity of use.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating an example process for rendering an impression profile based on tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, and quantity of use of a selected physical marking implement. In a creation operation 1210, a set of bitmaps unique to a specific combination of tip geometry, tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, and/or quantity of use are created. See e.g., FIGS. 9A-C. In a detection operation 1220, a drawing application detects a marking event input from a user. The marking event is an input that is intended to result in a rendering of an impression profile on an electronic presentation device. For example, the user may contact a surface of an electronic tablet with a virtual marking implement and drag the virtual marking implement across the electronic tablet.
In a reading operation 1230, once the drawing application detects a marking event, the drawing application reads a tilt measurement, a bearing measurement, and/or a barrel rotation measurement from the virtual marking implement. The drawing application may also read and track a quantity of use of the virtual marking implement. The quantity of use can be used to place one or more facets on the selected physical marking implement. In a selection operation 1240, the drawing application selects a bitmap from the set of bitmaps that best corresponds to the tilt, bearing, barrel rotation, and quantity of use measurements. Finally, in a rendering operation 1250, the drawing application renders the impression profile on the electronic display utilizing the geometry and intensity distribution of the selected bitmap. In another implementation, the creation operation 1210 is performed in real-time by the drawing application based on the reading operation 1230.
FIG. 13 illustrates an example computing system that can be used to implement the described technology. A general purpose computer system 1300 is capable of executing a computer program product to execute a computer process. Data and program files may be input to the computer system 1300, which reads the files and executes the programs therein. Some of the elements of a general purpose computer system 1300 are shown in FIG. 13 wherein a processor 1302 is shown having an input/output (I/O) section 1304, a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1306, and a memory section 1308. There may be one or more processors 1302, such that the processor 1302 of the computer system 1300 comprises a single central-processing unit 1306, or a plurality of processing units, commonly referred to as a parallel processing environment. The computer system 1300 may be a conventional computer, a distributed computer, or any other type of computer. The described technology is optionally implemented in software devices loaded in memory 1308, stored on a configured DVD/CD-ROM 1310 or storage unit 1312, and/or communicated via a wired or wireless network link 1314 on a carrier signal, thereby transforming the computer system 1300 in FIG. 13 to a special purpose machine for implementing the described operations.
The I/O section 1304 is connected to one or more user-interface devices (e.g., a keyboard 1316 and a display unit 1318), a disk storage unit 1312, and a disk drive unit 1320. Display unit 1318 may be any presentation device adapted to present information to a user. Generally, in contemporary systems, the disk drive unit 1320 is a DVD/CD-ROM drive unit capable of reading the DVD/CD-ROM medium 1310, which typically contains programs and data 1322. Computer program products containing mechanisms to effectuate the systems and methods in accordance with the described technology may reside in the memory section 1304, on a disk storage unit 1312, or on the DVD/CD-ROM medium 1310 of such a system 1300. Alternatively, a disk drive unit 1320 may be replaced or supplemented by a floppy drive unit, a tape drive unit, or other storage medium drive unit. The network adapter 1324 is capable of connecting the computer system to a network via the network link 1314, through which the computer system can receive instructions and data embodied in a carrier wave. Examples of such systems include Intel and PowerPC systems offered by Apple Computer, Inc., personal computers offered by Dell Corporation and by other manufacturers of Intel-compatible personal computers, AMD-based computing systems and other systems running a Windows-based, UNIX-based, or other operating system. It should be understood that computing systems may also embody devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs), mobile phones, gaming consoles, set top boxes, etc.
When used in a LAN-networking environment, the computer system 1300 is connected (by wired connection or wirelessly) to a local network through the network interface or adapter 1324, which is one type of communications device. When used in a WAN-networking environment, the computer system 1300 typically includes a modem, a network adapter, or any other type of communications device for establishing communications over the wide area network. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer system 1300 or portions thereof, may be stored in a remote memory storage device. It is appreciated that the network connections shown are exemplary and other means of and communications devices for establishing a communications link between the computers may be used.
In an example implementation, a drawing module that performs operations described herein may be incorporated as part of the operating system, application programs, or other program modules. Further, a faceting module may track quantity of use of a virtual marking implement and/or place one or more facets on a selected physical marking implement based on the quantity of use in combination with tilt, bearing, and/or barrel rotation measurements. The faceting module may be a part of the drawing module or separate component. The drawing module and/or faceting module may perform any of the operations identified in FIGS. 11 and 12 using processors 1302. Further, a database containing impression profile look-up tables may be stored as program data in memory 1308 or other storage systems, such as disk storage unit 1312 or DVD/CD-ROM medium 1310.
The present specification provides a complete description of the methodologies, systems and/or structures and uses thereof in example implementations of the presently-described technology. Although various implementations of this technology have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, or with reference to one or more individual implementations, those skilled in the art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed implementations without departing from the spirit or scope of the technology hereof. Since many implementations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the presently described technology, the appropriate scope resides in the claims hereinafter appended. Other implementations are therefore contemplated. Furthermore, it should be understood that any operations may be performed in any order, unless explicitly claimed otherwise or a specific order is inherently necessitated by the claim language. It is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative only of particular implementations and are not limiting to the embodiments shown. Changes in detail or structure may be made without departing from the basic elements of the present technology as defined in the following claims.
Patent Application
20100182285
