Patent Application
20090145072
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a tenon joint type space lattice structure, and more particularly to a multifunctional space lattice structure having a retaining wall, a water drainage and an earth fill vegetation by jointly using a tenon joint assembling of components and a combining pillar.
2. Description of the Related Art
At present, not too many cases of using a space frame structure in civil engineering for constructing a retaining wall, a dam or a water passage of are found. There is a gravity structure that adopts concrete pre-cast lattices stacked by a transversally and longitudinally interlaced method, and its hollow portion is provided for filling crushed stones, retaining earth, and draining water. There is also a lattice frame structure that is made by wood with the same method. The rest are lattice frame structures used for the slope face of a dam, and the space frame structures cannot be used extensively in constructions of this sort mainly because the issue of materials, joints and engineering method. For instance, the combination of joints is one of the key points of the aforementioned space frame structure, but the traditional method of combining joints between two components is too complicated, not only involving a high level of difficulty in construction, but also taking up much time.
In view of the foregoing issues, the inventor of the present invention based on years of experience in the related field to conduct extensive researches and experiments, and developed an “Impact protection structure” as disclosed in R.O.C. Pat. No. 271463, a “Vegetation net body, soft framework, plus water and soil conservation engineering method” as disclosed in R.O.C. Pat. No. 284168, a “Space dam wall structure” as disclosed in R.O.C. Pat. No. 287596 and a “Truss space dam, wall structure” as disclosed in R.O.C. Pat. No. 94115608, and then further developed a space frame for civil engineering to provide an improved method for a better and practical applications.
It is a primary object of the invention to provide a tenon joint type space lattice structure to overcome the deficiency of a general space frame structure that cannot be used extensively in civil engineering structures such as retaining walls, dams and water passages due to the joint combination and construction issues, and such appropriate multifunctional space lattice structure can be used in many aspects of civil engineering, not only expediting a construction, but also using tenon joint components and combining pillars to jointly construct a space lattice structure having the functions of retaining earth, draining water and filling earth.
In order to achieve the object, a tenon joint type space lattice structure includes a predetermined quantity of lattice units and combining pillar and is characterized in that the lattice unit comprises two or more pre-molded components coupled with each other, and a convex tenon and a concave tenon groove disposed on an end of the lattice unit, and the tenon and the tenon groove form a tenon-and-groove structure, such that the tenon protruded between each component is embedded into an adjacent tenon groove and coupled with the tenon groove by a tenon joint assembling process, and the components are coupled with each other in series to constitute a continuously extended lattice unit.
The continuous lattice unit further forms a plane year of a space lattice structure, uses the combining pillar to pass through a hollow portion of the component perpendicularly, and connects the plane layers of the lattice unit in series along the direction of the height of the structure, so as to constitute a three-dimensional space lattice structure.
The present invention is characterized in that the lattice unit is manufactured in the best mode according to transmitted force, stylish appearance, construction convenience, transportation, vegetation space and economic factors. Therefore, the lattice unit includes a light hollow component made of a light material and a heavy component made of a heavy material.
The lattice unit of the heavy component is made of a heavy material such as steel concrete, steel, steel concrete and wood, etc. The heavy component requires a hollow portion at the position of the tenon for passing through a combining pillar, and the lattices of the lattice unit may or may not have a hollow portion depending on the required structural strength, but the overall constructability and cost of the manufacturing process should be taken into consideration. The manufacturing process will become simpler and easier if it is not necessary to build the hollow portion. The lattice unit of the heavy component used for the construction makes the transportation by labor more difficult due to the heavy weight, and thus a hoisting machine is required for the transportation. Furthermore, the flexibility of adjusting the tenon joint assembling process will be affected greatly. In addition to performing a precise positioning before starting the construction, it is necessary to use other accessory facilities in the tenon joint assembling to precisely construct the plane and the height of the structure, so as to prevent deviations. Further, the gravitation force produced by the mass of the lattice unit of the heavy component on the structure is one of the structural resistance sources, and thus the constructed tenon joint type space lattice structure is formed as a gravity structure, and heavy filling-materials such as soils and stones are filled into the hollow portion of the structure, and the gravitational force produced by the heavy filling material is also one of the structural resistance sources that can form a gravity structure as well. The combining pillar is piled into a stratum or a base, so that the combining pillar forms a cantilever support, which is also one of the resistance sources to the structure and makes the structure as a cantilever structure.
Further, the lattice unit of the light component is made of a light and high-strength material such as a polymer (resin), a metal base, an inorganic non-metal base composite, or an industrial plastic material, and both light component and heavy component require to have a hollow portion at the position of the tenon for passing through the combining pillar, and the lattices of the light component and the lattices of the heavy component may or may not have a hollow portion with the same factors of consideration, but the manufacture of the lattice unit of the heavy component does not require special processes, and general manpower can be used for the manufacture. The manufacture of the lattice unit of the light component not just requires special processes only, but also needs dedicated machines, since such lattice unit cannot be manually made easily. With these factors, lattices of the lattice unit of the light component preferably construct a hollow portion. The lattice unit of the light component in a construction can be transported and assembled by manpower due to the light weight of the lattice unit. Except special requirements, it is not necessary to employ additional hoisting machines, and the flexibility of adjusting the lattice units of the heavy component is much higher. In the meantime, a construction precision on the plane and height of the structure higher than those of the lattice units of the heavy component can be achieved. In the structure, the mass of the lattice unit of the light component produces a gravitational force which is insufficient to be one of the structural resistance sources, and the constructed tenon joint type space lattice structure is a light structure, and one of the structural resistance sources is a heavy filling material of a hollow portion of the structure, and the gravitational force produced by the heavy filling material is provided for forming a gravity structure. In addition, the combining pillar is piled into a stratum or a base, and the combining pillar constitutes a cantilever support which is another source of the structural resistance for forming a cantilever structure.
In structural dynamics, the methods of transmitting forces between the components of a tenon joint type space lattice structure and a general space lattice structure are different, primarily residing on that the source of an external force and a support method of a structure. The external force of a space lattice structure is generally the weight of the structure, the equipment and people carried by the structure, and the wind force, and the force is centralized for a support such as a pillar or a wall, and then transmitted into the stratum or base, and finally transmitted from the base to the stratum. In addition to the weight of the structure, the external forces of the tenon joint type space lattice structure are primarily earth pressure, water impact force, and water tractive force. For such external forces, the structure produces the gravitational force by the weights of the structure itself and the heavy filling material, and the friction produced by the gravitational force uses a distributed support method to resist the external forces. After an external force is exerted onto each combining pillar, the external force is transmitted directly into the stratum or base by the cantilever support of the combining pillar. In other words, a distributed method is provided for resisting external forces, and such method can be used separately or used for the whole structure.
Several issues on the construction and structure will be described as follows. A shift is usually occurred between plane layers of each structure of the construction, which makes the construction of the combining pillar very difficult, and may even cause a different dynamic mode of each structural layer. To prevent the occurrence of such problem, a combining pillar is built at a lower layer of the construction, and the combining pillar serves as a construction base for each plane layer along the direction of the height of the structure. Further, the lattice of the lattice unit does not come with a hollow portion, but is built on the lattices at the upper and lower layers of the lattice unit and corresponding to the convex tenon and the concave tenon groove, and the protruded tenon is embedded into the corresponding tenon groove in the tenon joint assembly, such that the lattices at upper and lower layers of the lattice unit so as to prevent the shift between layers. Further, the installation of accessory facilities is a feasible solution to achieve the same purpose. The lattices of the lattice unit are installed in the hollow portion, and a specific quantity of accessory short pillars is used as a base for the assembling of the upper and lower layers of the structure along the direction of the height of the structure to prevent the occurrence of a shift between layers. The invention can complete constructing a tenon joint type space lattice structure quickly and successfully, and soils and stones can be filled into the hollow portion of the structure for a large scale of vegetation. It is necessary to be aware of the strength of the tenon joint of the structure. If we want to enhance the tenon joint position, a rigid or flexible ring can be used for sheathing and connecting the combining pillar, and thus not only improving the strength of the tenon joint, but also enhancing the overall structural strength. The lattice unit of the light component can be converted to a heavy component by filling a heavy filling material such as concrete into a light component in the hollow portion of the lattice to seal the bottom of the lattice. For the structure having no hollow portion, a small hole can be made on the lattice for injecting a heavy filling material such as cement or sand pulp to achieve the same purpose. Further, heavy and light components of the hollow portion can be built on the lattice, and a straight or slanting reinforced partition can be installed at the hollow portion to enhance the structural strength of the components as well as the overall strength of the structure.
In summation, the tenon joint type space lattice structure of the invention is not just used for many civil engineering jobs such as the application for retaining walls, dams, water passages and walls only, but is also multifunctional in different areas as list below.
Therefore, the tenon joint type space lattice structure of the invention have a multiple of functions and features of the structure, such as providing a quick and simple construction, preserving water preservation, reducing the use of accessory facilities, standing a heavy subsidence, performing earth fill vegetation and creating landscape, etc.
To make it easier for our examiner to understand the objective of the invention, its structure, innovative features, and performance, we use the following preferred embodiments together with the attached drawings for the detailed description of the invention.
Referring to
The lattice unit 10 is preferably a module made of a light and high-strength resin matrix composite material, but not limited to such material only, and a metal base, an inorganic non-metal composite material and a plastic material may be used to make the lattice unit of the light hollow component. Each side or edge has two or more convex and concave tenons 11 and tenon grooves 12, and the tenons 11 and the tenon grooves 12 are corresponding tenon-and-groove structures, and the tenon 11 protruded between the lattice units 10 of the light hollow component can be embedded into the corresponding tenon groove 12 for connecting with each other by a tenon joint assembling method, so as to construct a plane layer 10A of a predetermined frame structure.
In this preferred embodiment, the lattice unit 10 of the light hollow component comprises: a frame body with a plurality of hollow lattices 13 formed by erected and transversally and longitudinally interlaced sheet bodies on each frame edge; a hollow tenon 11 formed at an end on one of the sides of the lattice 13, such that the tenon 11 has a hollow portion 111; and a tenon groove 12 with an opening facing outward and disposed at an end of another corresponding lattice 13. In this embodiment, the tenon 11 is of the same height with the hollow cylindrical body of the lattice 13, and the tenon groove 12 is of the same height with C-shaped body of the lattice 13. The hollow lattice 13 as shown in
The combining pillar 20 comprises a hollow or solid pillar made of the same material such as steel concrete, steel and light hollow component, and the combining pillar 20 is provided for passing through a hollow portion of the lattice unit 10 of the light hollow component, and the hollow portion includes a hollow body in the lattice 13, but preferably the aforementioned hollow tenon 11 and hollow tenon groove 12, for connecting each plane layer 10A, 10B, 10C in series along the height and direction of the structure as shown in
In
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Regardless of being a light hollow component 10 or a heavy component 10a, 10b, the lattice units 10, 10A, 10B in accordance with the foregoing embodiments come with the same size and are formed integrally as a whole, but the invention is not limited to such arrangement only. In other words, the lattice unit of the invention can be the one as shown in
Many changes and modifications in the above-described embodiments of the invention can, of course, be carried out without departing from the scope thereof. Accordingly, to promote the progress in science and the useful arts, the invention is disclosed and is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
