This application is a U.S. National Phase Application of PCT International Application PCT/EP2005/01027, filed Feb. 2, 2005, incorporated herein by reference, which claims priority on German Patent Application DE 10 2004 005 139.9, filed Feb. 2, 2004.
The invention relates to a test element and a method for diagnostic tests, in particular for testing of bag and recipient blood before a blood transfusion.
One of the greatest risks regarding transfusions of blood constituents, so-called blood transfusions, is a blood-group incompatibility between bag and recipient blood. The reasons for this are more often mix-ups than false determinations. For these reasons, so-called ABO identity tests are compulsory in some countries, which are carried out by the treating personnel, e.g. the nurse or the transfusing doctor, immediately before the transfusion at the patient's bed. These tests lead to additional stress of the station personnel which have little training in lab diagnostics and are amongst others rejected for this reason in some countries.
In certain countries as for example Germany or Austria, such an identity test is compulsory, however, only with regard to the recipient blood. In these countries, it is left to the respective hospital whether it carries out the identity test of the bag at the patient's bed or not. This is justified with the responsibility of the producer (blood bank) for the correct determination and designation of the bag blood. However, this does not prevent many hospitals from checking the bag blood type in the hospital lab once more and/or to carry out an ABO identity test at the patient's bed.
The object of the present invention is to practically eliminate the risk of mixing up during a blood transfusion without increasing the effort. Moreover, the costs for the blood transfusion shall not increase thereby.
In accordance with the invention, this object is solved by a test element for diagnostic tests and a method for testing during the preparation and performance of blood transfusions, as it is described in the independent claims. The inventive test element for diagnostic tests, in particular for testing blood before a blood transfusion comprises at least two test units for carrying out at least two tests. Further, the test element comprises a fixing means for fixing the test element. Preferably, the fixing element is formed in such a way that a test element may be fixed to a blood bag.
By means of such a test element, the danger of mixing up a blood bag and thus the application of blood with non-compatible blood type during a blood transfusion may practically be excluded. Preferably, by means of one of the at least two test units of the test element, the bag blood is tested for the blood transfusion, in other words the blood of a segment of the blood bag. Thereby, the test element is formed in such a way that the result of the test may be read off after a short period of time without any additional aids.
By means of the inventive fixing element, the complete test element may be fixed at the respective blood bag. Thereby, everybody can see that at this blood bag a confirming blood-type test has been carried out and which result this blood-type test provides. Further, by using the inventive test element, the confirming test may be carried out with few manual steps and in a short period of time. Additionally, the inventive test element comprises the advantage that further mistakes, as e.g. scribal errors, may practically be excluded.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, bonding foil or cable binders are used as fixing elements.
The second inventive test unit of the test element is preferably used to further reduce the danger of application of a blood bag with unsuitable blood type. To this end, the blood of the recipient of the blood transfusion is preferably tested immediately before the transfusion by means of the second test unit of the test element. The aids being necessary therefore, namely the test element, are physically connected with the blood bag and is thus inevitably provided at the patient's bed.
Preferably, the two test units of the test element are arranged in such a way that, after performing both tests, it is easy to recognize whether the blood type of the blood bag matches with the blood type of the recipient or not. This is achieved preferably by a laterally reversed arrangement of the test chambers—for fluid indicator reagents—or the test fields—for immobilized indicator reagents—of the test units.
In a further preferred embodiment the test unit for the bag blood comprises at least three test chambers or test fields, in which respectively an anti-A, an anti-B, and an anti-D reagent is contained. By means of these at least three test chambers respectively test fields, an ABD test may accordingly be carried out. In a further preferred embodiment, a further test chamber respectively a further test field for carrying out self-control is provided. The test unit for the blood of the recipient comprises preferably at least two test chambers respectively two test fields, in which preferably an anti-A and an anti-B reagent is contained. By means of these at least two test chambers respectively test fields, an ABO test may be carried out.
If fluid indicator reagents shall be used, in a further preferred embodiment at least one of the test units for carrying out the tests is formed in such a way that the test chamber for receiving the indicator reagent is closed or closable and after the performance of the test, no fluid emerges therefrom, i.e. by evaporation, so that in the case of reactions in the fluid phase, the test unit does not dry out and thereby the test carried out at the patient may be compared with the test carried out at the blood bag later on. To this end, for example suitable closing mechanisms may be applied.
In a further preferred embodiment the test unit for the bag blood comprises at least three test chambers or test fields, in which respectively an anti-A, an anti-B, and an anti-D reagent is contained. By means of these at least three test chambers respectively test fields, an ABD test may accordingly be carried out. In a further preferred embodiment, a further test chamber respectively a further test field for carrying out self-control is provided. The test unit for the blood of the receptor comprises preferably at least two test chambers respectively two test fields, in which preferably an anti-A and an anti-B reagent is contained. By means of these at least two test chambers respectively test fields, an ABO test may be carried out.
According to the invention, this object is solved also by a method for testing blood during the preparation and performance of blood transfusions, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
The inventive method for testing blood comprises the advantage that an application of a blood bag with a blood type being incompatible for the patient may practically be excluded during blood transfusion. By the application of a test element, which may be fixed to the blood bag for testing the bag blood and the blood of the recipient, a mix-up is practically impossible, since it is clearly visible which tests have already been carried out for the blood transfusion, in which the blood bag shall be applied and what the result of the respective tests was. The nurse who is rather untrained in diagnostic tests is provided with a reference result through the real result of the lab test being visible for her in situ, which facilitates for her the evaluation whether her own result is correct. This saves time-consuming inquiries at the hospital lab.
In addition, the nurse is substantially disburdened by blood bag testing in the lab. Further, the inventive method enables that the blood bags are clearly marked and thus no records have to be checked.
Preferably, this method is used for testing blood types. Further preferred it is verified before the performance of the blood transfusion that during testing of the bag blood and during testing of the recipient blood the same blood type has been identified.
In the following, an exemplary embodiment of the invention is illustrated by means of the attached drawings, in which
Each test unit 2, 3 comprises its own inlet 5, 6 for the fluid to be tested. In the illustrated example, LUER LOK® inlets are considered to which e.g. syringes may be connected.
In the test unit 2 for the bag blood, three channels 7, 8, 9 begin at the inlet 5, through which the fluid to be tested, preferably blood, flows to the reaction chambers 21, 22, 23. In the embodiment illustrated in
In the embodiment shown in
Preferably, the fixing means 4 consists of a bonding strip on the backside of the test element 1. This bonding strip may be self-bonding and may be covered before the application with a releasable covering band.
The fixing means 4 may also consist of an engagement equipment, which may engage in a corresponding counterpart on a blood bag 12, in such a way that it is no longer removable or only by means of a tool—for example a key.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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10 2004 005 139 | Feb 2004 | DE | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
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PCT/EP2005/001027 | 2/2/2005 | WO | 00 | 12/29/2006 |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
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WO2005/072876 | 8/11/2005 | WO | A |
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