Patent Application
20230316887
The subject matter disclosed herein generally relates to flame detectors, test lamps, and testing of flame detectors.
A flame detection system may be configured to sense or detect various attributes of a flame or an impending/burgeoning flame. Such flame detection systems may include an ultraviolet (UV) sensor that detects UV radiation emitted from a flame that is present within a field-of-view of sensors of the flame detection systems. Other sensors may use single spectrum mid-infrared (SSMIR) as the monitor radiation, in combination with UV monitoring and/or separate therefrom. In response to detection of a flame (e.g., detection of light at predetermined wavelengths, such as UV or Mid-IR), the flame detection systems are configured to output an alarm if such detection exceeds a predetermined threshold at the given wavelength(s).
Test lamps are used for field testing of such flame detection systems. Typically, these test lamps are handheld units that can be operated by a user to test operational functionality of the flame detection systems. The test lamps need only employ an emitter with ample emission in the wavelength(s) region(s) of interest that are detectable by the sensors of the flame detection systems (e.g., UV, SSMIR). Improved sensors may be arranged in the form of multi-spectrum mid-infrared (MSMIR). However, such MSMIR detectors require emission matching that of an actual flame (not just a single wavelength) with adequate amplitude. Currently, such test lamps are not feasible from a cost effective and/or implementation perspective. For example, the feasibility problem is a combination of matching spectral emission of an actual flame in combination with matching the intensity of such flame. A test lamp is designed to trigger a flame detector at the same distance as the limits for detecting flame by such detector. However, the combination of matching the spectral emission of the flame, mimicking other features of the flame (e.g., flicker characteristics), and the intensity of such flame (e.g., at an appropriate distance) make a “flame mimicking” test lamp unfeasible.
According to some embodiments, flame detectors are provided. The flame detectors include a body, a face plate mounted to the body, at least one flame detection sensor arranged within the body, with each flame detection sensor of the at least one flame detection sensor arranged behind a respective optical window in the face plate, a trigger sensor within the body configured to detect a trigger signal received from an external source, wherein the trigger sensor has a field-of-view and sensitivity that is the same as a field-of-view and sensitivity of the at least one flame detection sensors, and a controller operably connected to the trigger sensor. The controller is configured to perform a self-test operation of the flame detector when a trigger signal is received at the trigger sensor.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the flame detectors may include that the at least one flame detection sensors comprises at least three flame detection sensors.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the flame detectors may include that the at least three flame detection sensors form a multi-spectrum mid-infrared (MSMIR) sensor assembly.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the flame detectors may include that the at least one flame detection sensor is configured to detect wavelengths of light indicative of a natural flame.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the flame detectors may include an indicator light arranged on the face plate and configured to generate an indication of a status of the flame detector.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the flame detectors may include a reflector arranged on the face plate for each flame detection sensor of the at least one flame detection sensors, wherein each reflector is arranged to reflect a light received from an emitter arranged within the body and direct the received light to a respective flame detection sensor of the at least one flame detection sensors.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the flame detectors may include that the at least one flame detection sensor comprises a multi-sensor flame detector.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the flame detectors may include that the at least one flame detection sensor comprises an ultraviolet or ultraviolet/infrared sensor.
According to some embodiments, test lamps for testing flame detectors are provided. The test lamps include a housing, a light source configured to emit light, and a controller configured to control the light source to generate and output a trigger signal, wherein the trigger signal is configured to cause a flame detector to perform a self-test operation.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the test lamps may include an actuator operably coupled to the controller, wherein the actuator is configured to initiate generation and output of the trigger signal.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the test lamps may include that the trigger signal is a coded signal.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the test lamps may include that the trigger signal is a signal transmitted at a predetermined wavelength.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the test lamps may include that the trigger signal is a pulsed signal.
According to some embodiments, methods for testing flame detectors are provided. The methods include receiving, at a trigger sensor of the flame detector, a coded trigger signal from a test lamp and performing a self-test operation of the flame detector in response to detection of the coded trigger signal.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the methods may include that the self-test operation includes emitting light of a predetermined wavelength from within the flame detector toward a reflector and detecting light of the predetermined wavelength reflected from the reflector at a flame detector sensor of the flame detector.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the methods may include generating an indicator regarding a status of the self-test operation.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the methods may include that the indicator comprises a light on the flame detector.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the methods may include emitting the trigger signal from a test lamp and directing said trigger signal toward the flame detector.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the methods may include that the flame detector comprises a multi-spectrum mid-infrared (MSMIR) sensor assembly.
In addition to one or more of the features described herein, or as an alternative, further embodiments of the methods may include that the trigger sensor has a field-of-view and sensitivity that is the same as a field-of-view and sensitivity of one or more flame detection sensors of the flame detector.
The foregoing features and elements may be combined in various combinations without exclusivity, unless expressly indicated otherwise. These features and elements as well as the operation thereof will become more apparent in light of the following description and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following description and drawings are intended to be illustrative and explanatory in nature and non-limiting.
The subject matter is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed at the conclusion of the specification. The foregoing and other features, and advantages of the present disclosure are apparent from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
Referring to
The flame detector 100 includes a body 102 housing various electronic components, including but not limited to, processors, memory, power sources and/or converters, optical detectors, optical emitters, and the like, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art. As shown, the flame detector 100 includes a first optical window 104a, a second optical window 104b, and a third optical window 104c. Behind the optical windows 104a-c are arranged respective optical detectors configured to detect one or more predefined wavelengths of light. The optical windows 104a-c provide the flame detector 100 with the capability of a multi-spectrum infrared (IR) flame detection. The optical detectors and associated electronics can provide flame detection of fires from light to heavy hydrocarbon fuels, for example, combined with a high degree of false alarm rejection. Although
The flame detector 100 includes three IR sensors arranged behind the optical windows 104a-c, with each IR sensor having associated signal processing circuitry arranged within the housing 102. A standard output configuration of the flame detector includes fire, fault, and auxiliary relays. The flame detector 100, in this embodiment, also includes an indicator light 106, such as a tricolor LED. The optical windows 104a-c and the indicator light 106 are arranged on a faceplate 108 of the flame detector 100, with the faceplate 108 being fixedly attached to the body 102. The indicator light 106 may be configured to indicate conditions of the flame detector 100 (e.g., fire alarm, fault condition, power state, etc.). The internal electronics and/or sensors may be configured with microprocessor controlled heated components to resist moisture, ice, and/or other adverse environmental conditions.
The flame detector 100 may be configured to perform regular testing of the optical components thereof. An automatic optical integrity feature provides for a calibrated performance test that is automatically performed at regular intervals (e.g., once per minute) to verify complete detector operation capabilities. In such self-testing, no testing with an external test lamp is required. In some such embodiments, the flame detector 100 is configured to automatically perform the same test that a maintenance person with a test lamp would perform. Such automatic testing may be configured to not produce an alarm condition and thus avoid a response by emergency systems.
The self-testing operation includes reflectors 110a-c that are arranged relative to the respective optical windows 104a-c. Behind the optical windows 104a-c may be an optical source configured to direct light incident upon the reflectors 110a-c, and the reflected light is directed back into and through the optical windows 104a-c to be detected by respective detectors arranged behind the optical windows 104a-c. In addition to the automatic self-testing, the flame detector 100 may be configured with additional features, such as magnetic and/or manual testing features which can be incorporated into alarm actuation functionality to test and/or verify operation thereof, as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art. The flame detector 100 is configured to be in communication with one or more emergency systems such that upon detection of a flame (and not a fault), a fire suppression system may be activated and/or a notification can be generated and sent to an emergency monitoring system (e.g., a remote system and/or device).
As noted, the flame detector may be configured to perform self-testing during normal operation. Further, such flame detectors may be manually tested through use of a test lamp. A test lamp may be a handheld device that an operator can point at the flame detector and output specific or predetermined wavelengths of light. The flame detector will detect such light for purposes of testing and/or calibration. In a multi-spectrum flame detector, such as the flame detector 100 of
In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a Near IR (NIR) sensor is added to the multi-spectrum Mid-IR (MSMIR) flame detector for the purposes of receiving signal from a mid-IR emitter in a test lamp. The NIR sensor is mounted in such a fashion that the field of view of the NIR sensor matches that of the MSMIR flame detection sensors. When the NIR sensor receives an encoded NIR signal of adequate amplitude, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, such detection will activate an internal optical self-check of the flame detector that quantitatively tests each of the MSMIR sensors with an on-board emitter (e.g., using the reflectors 110a-c and associated emitters/detectors). This internal self-check may generate an alarm or indicator verifying proper operation of the flame detector. Such alarm or indicator is generated only when the self-check is successful. If no such alarm or indicator is generated, such lack can be indicative of a problem. Alternatively, an indicator or alarm may be generated for both a successful test and a failed test, thus informing a user of the status of the detector.
Accordingly, advantageously, embodiments of the present disclosure allow for use of a calibrated internal optical self-check of an MSMIR flame detector by optically triggering a self-check operation with an external NIR source from a test lamp. Because the NIR sensor is configured with a field of view matching the MSMIR flame detection sensors, the NIR sensor responds only to the NIR source if it is within the field of view of the MSMIR flame detection sensors. It is noted that the amplitude or intensity of the trigger signal may be selected to match a flame and thus enable verification that the covered area is within the field of view of the detector and within a maximum detection range of the flame detector. As such, a means of verifying the flame detector is aimed correctly and testing the status thereof may be achieved.
Referring to
The flame detector 200 includes three IR sensors arranged behind the optical windows 204a-c, with each IR sensor having associated signal processing circuitry arranged within the housing 202. The flame detector 200, in this embodiment, also includes an indicator light 206, such as a tricolor LED. The optical windows 204a-c and the indicator light 206 are arranged on a faceplate 208 of the flame detector 200, with the faceplate 208 being fixedly attached to the body 202. Similar to that described above, the flame detector 200 may be configured to perform regular self-testing of the optical components thereof and/or manually/magnetically activated testing.
In this embodiment, the flame detector 200 includes a trigger sensor 212 that is configured to detect one or more predetermined and/or specific wavelength(s). Upon detection of such wavelength(s) at the trigger sensor 212, the trigger sensor 212 may cause the flame detector 200 to perform a self-test, similar to that described above. When the self-test is performed, in response to detection at the trigger sensor 212, the indicator 206 may display a light or similar indication that the test was successful.
Advantageously, the trigger sensor 212 may be configured with the same field-of-view as the detectors arranged behind the optical windows 204a-c. As such, when the trigger sensor 212 detects light of the appropriate wavelength and/or frequency, it can be determined that the detectors arranged behind the optical windows 204a-c have the same line-of-sight to detect a flame located at the source (i.e., at a test lamp). In accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure, the trigger sensor 212 may be a near-IR sensor that is mounted in such a fashion that the field of view of the trigger sensor 212 matches that of the MSMIR flame detection sensors. When the trigger sensor 212 receives an encoded NIR signal of adequate amplitude, the flame detector 200 will activate an internal optical self-check that quantitatively tests each of the flame detection sensors with an on-board emitter. When properly configured, this internal self-check generates an alarm verifying proper operation of the flame detector 200.
Turning now to
The light source 302 may be an LED or the like that is configured to output one or more wavelengths of light that are selected to be similar to a natural flame. In other embodiments, in combination with specific flame-light wavelengths or alternative thereto, the light source 302 may be configured to output a trigger signal that can be detected by a flame detector to initiate a self-test or other predetermined operation at the flame detector (e.g., self-calibration, etc.). The trigger signal generated by the test lamp 300 may be a pulsed signal, a single emitted at one or more specific wavelengths, and/or a coded signal that is detectable by a trigger sensor of a flame detector. In some embodiments, the light source 302 may be configured to output a signal at a mid-IR wavelength, and thus the light source 302 may be a mid-IR emitter.
Upon detection of the trigger signal at the flame detector, the flame detector is configured to perform one or more specific actions, such as self-testing, self-calibration, etc. In some embodiments, in contrast to conventional test lamps that output one or more wavelengths that mimic a natural flame, the test signal may not be designed to mimic a natural flame, but rather is a signal specifically designed to trigger an action at a flame detector that receives the trigger signal. The intensity of the trigger signal may be selected to mimic the intensity of a natural flame so that the test lamp outputs the trigger signal at an intensity that matches the sensitivity of the flame detection sensors of the flame detector. As such, the test lamp and trigger signal thereof are selected to mimic the presence of a natural flame at a specific location, but not the wavelengths of light of a natural flame. In other embodiments, the trigger signal may not have to mimic one or more properties of a natural flame. In some such embodiments, the trigger signal may be output at an intensity which initiates a response from the trigger sensor so that the magnitude required by the trigger sensor is achieved when the test source is at, or closer than, the maximum fire detection range of the flame sensor. As such, a pure mimic of a flame may not be necessary in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. Rather, in some embodiments, the test lamp may be configured to generate a signal of appropriate intensity to be detected and received at a flame detector to trigger a response by the flame detector.
The specific configuration of the trigger signal may depend upon the emitter (test lamp) and sensor (flame detector) selected. It will be appreciated that the critical requirement is for the signal to not match naturally occurring phenomenon, and thus avoid false activation of the test operation. For example, assuming the emitter and the trigger sensor can pulse at high frequency and detect the high frequency pulse, respectively, an example trigger signal is a sequence of very short pulses with very short intervals between such pulses, with the frequency and spacing known values. In some such embodiments, the interval between pulses may be defined and can vary in a predefined manner, thus making a unique (non-natural) trigger signal. In other configurations, a simple pulsed code that includes long and short pulses of a repetitive nature may be employed. In some embodiments, a repeating sequence can reduce the likelihood of anything other than the test source (test lamp) triggering the self-test at the flame detector. In some embodiments, the trigger signal may be transmitted over a relatively short time interval (e.g., on the order of 1 second, 2 seconds, etc.) so that the test lamp does not have to engage the trigger sensor too long. It will be appreciated that the trigger signals of the present disclosure can take any number of forms including specific wavelengths, frequencies, pulse patterns, varying intensity pulses, etc. and combinations thereof. For example, and without limitation, the trigger signal may be transmitted in visible wavelengths, near-IR, or other specific wavelength, range of wavelengths, or combinations of different specific individual or groups of wavelengths. Further, the trigger signal may be a patterned signal or pulse sequence. The trigger signal can be a pattern that itself is recognizable in itself. In other configurations, the trigger signal may be a transmission of data. In some embodiments, the trigger signal may be a directional signal that is configured to avoids reflections triggering a test operation at a flame detector. In some embodiments, a pulsed sequence that includes one or more of varying length, time, frequency, amplitude o the like. The varying amplitude may be set to remain about a minimum amplitude for detection of the range and field of view of the flame detector. In some embodiments, a modulated signal (e.g., modulated in time, frequency, or amplitude) may be employed.
Turning now to
The flame detection system 402 has a center axis of detection 406 and a field-of-view 408 that defines the bounds of the detection zone 404. The flame detection system 402 has a detection range being defined as a maximum line-of-sight direct line distance from the flame detection system 402 to a location where a flame may be detected by the flame detection system 402. In some configurations, the detection range may be greater than the maximum defined by the monitored space 400 (e.g., detection range may be greater than an opposing wall or other line-of-sight obstruction).
In this illustration, a test lamp 410 is shown at various locations throughout the detection zone 404. The test lamp 410 may be configured similar to that described above with respect to
Turning now to
At block 502, a test lamp is used to generate a trigger signal. The test lamp may be carried by an operator and used as a handheld unit. During the test lamp operation 500, the operator may move about a monitored space and point the test lamp toward a flame detector to be tested. As such, the operator may be able to test the range and sensitivity of the flame detector in multiple locations of a monitored space. Further, through this generation of the trigger signal, an operator can determine if the flame detector has both line of sight to the location of the test lamp and sufficient sensitivity to detect a flame at the location of the test lamp. To achieve this, the test lamp is configured to output one or more wavelengths of light of a predetermined intensity that may be analogous to a flame or otherwise detectable by a flame detector trigger sensor (e.g., of sufficient intensity to be detected within a detection range of the trigger sensor/flame detection sensors). It will be appreciated that the wavelength(s) of the trigger signal may not be identical to a flame and/or intended to mimic a flame. Rather, the trigger signal is configured to be detected not by the optical detectors of a flame detector but rather by a trigger sensor of the flame detector.
The trigger signal generated by the test lamp may be a pulsed signal, a coded signal, a projection of a specific wavelength of light, or the like, and/or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the trigger signal is set to be projected at an intensity that matches a flame, although the trigger signal itself may not be representative of flame-like wavelengths. In other embodiments, the trigger signal may not be configured to mimic a flame, but rather may be a signal that is specifically designed and configured to be detected by the trigger sensor of a flame detector. That is, there is no requirement that the detected trigger signal be based on natural flames, as the purpose of such signal is to activate an internal operation at the flame detector, as described herein.
At block 504, a trigger sensor of the flame detector is configured to detect the trigger signal. It is noted that if the flame detector does not detect the trigger signal, then this is indicative of lack of line of sight, beyond a flame detection range, lack of sensitivity of the trigger sensor, or other issue (e.g., power and/or electronics failure, faulty components, etc.).
At block 506, upon detection of the trigger signal at the trigger sensor of the flame detector, the flame detector is configured to perform a test action. The test action may be a self-test, a self-diagnostic, a self-calibration, or the like. That is, the detection of the trigger signal initiates an internal operation of the flame detector. During this step, the flame detector will perform the test action. For example, the test action may cause the flame detector to generator specific wavelength(s) light that is reflected toward one or more flame detection sensors of the flame detector, with such wavelength(s) being selected to mimic flame-like wavelengths. Such testing ensures that the optical windows of the flame detector are not negatively impacted (e.g., film coating, cracks, obstructions, dust, etc.). Although the trigger signal is not indicative of a flame at the location of the test lamp, because the test lamp is configured to output a specific intensity signal, the trigger signal is indicative of the ability of the flame detector to observe a flame at the location of the test lamp.
At block 508, upon completion of the test action, the flame detector will generate an indicator regarding the results of the test action. For example, the flame detector may generate a predetermined indication signal, such as an indicator light that generates a specific color indicative of the test results (e.g., green for success, yellow for potential errors, and red for failed test). If the indicator does not provide any response, this itself is indicative of an issue, such as lack of line of sight, out of detection range, power failure, component failure, or the like.
Because the test lamp is configured to generate the trigger signal rather than directly mimic a flame, the linear distance between the test lamp and the flame detector may be greater than a conventional test lamp that mimic a flame. That is, because the trigger signal is a specific tailored signal, there is no requirement to have a test lamp with complex electronics necessary to generate a “mimic” signal of a natural flame. Moreover, due to the signal trigger signal, the complexity of the test lamp itself may be reduced. That is, the test lamp that generates only a trigger signal need not be configured to generate multiple different wavelengths of light that match a natural flame, particularly for multi-spectrum mid-infrared (MSMIR) flame detectors. Through the use of such a trigger signal, as described herein, the detection range of the test lamp may be greatly increased as compared to conventional test lamps. For example, a test lamp that mimics a natural flame in spectra and intensity may only be detectable at ranges of about 15 feet or less, due to, in part, limitations on mimicking the intensity of the natural flame. However, by using the trigger signals described herein, the special purpose trigger signal may be output from a test lamp at a much higher intensity of prior test lamps, enabling a much greater range of detection by a flame detector trigger sensor (e.g., greater than 15 feet, 20 feet, 50 feet, even hundreds of feet).
Turning now to
During the transmission of the trigger signal 602 from a test lamp, it is desirable to ensure that the signal strength of the trigger signal 602 contains at least a portion of the signal at a level that represents the detection limit of the flame detector. This is illustratively shown as line 606 in plot 600. By setting a signal strength of the test lamp to be equal to or greater than the limit of the flame detector, a user can know with certainty that the flame detector can detect a flame at the location of the test lamp. Moreover, the signal strength of the pulses must be greater than a minimum or lowest level detectable by the flame detector. This is illustratively shown as line 608 in plot 600. If the trigger signal 602 does not exceed the minimum limit, then the flame detector will not detect the trigger signal and thus will not initiate the self-test operation.
In some embodiments, the pulsed or variable signal itself may be detectable by a trigger sensor of a flame detector. However, in other configurations, a coded or encoded signal having data may be employed. Such data can be used to cause the self-test activation within a flame detector that receives the coded or encoded signal.
Advantageously, embodiments described herein provide test lamps and flame detectors with improved testing capability. In some embodiments, the flame detectors may be multi-spectrum mid-infrared (MSMIR) detectors having a trigger sensor configured to detect a trigger signal. The trigger signal is generated at a test lamp that can be operated by an operator within a monitored space. Embodiments of the present disclosure, allow for use of a calibrated internal optical self-check of an MSMIR flame detector by optically triggering a self-check with an external NIR source from a test lamp. Because the trigger sensor of the flame detector has a field of view matching the field of view of the flame detection sensors, the trigger sensor responds only to the test lamp trigger signal if the signal is emitted within the field of view and detection range of the flame detection sensors. This provides a means of verifying the flame detector is aimed correctly and testing thereof may be achieved at a reasonable cost.
The goal of a test lamp for flame detectors is to determine two pieces of information. First, is to ensure that the desired range and field of view of the flame sensor are correct to monitor a space or location. The second is to perform a self-test of the flame detector to ensure that it is operating correctly. Typically, using conventional test lamps, both pieces of information are performed by the test lamp. That is, the test lamp is positioned in a location where a flame should be detected, and then a flame-mimicking light is projected from the test lamp to the flame detector where a self-check is performed based on the light from the test lamp. However, advantageously, the only aspect performed by the test lamps of the present disclosure is the distance range and field of view, while the testing operation is performed internally by the flame detector. As such, advantageously, embodiments of the present disclosure avoid a single source to do both range/field of view and test operation of the flame detector. Accordingly, the test lamp may be customized, as described above, for this specific purpose, enabling a much greater range of use as compared to conventional test lamps.
The use of the terms “a”, “an”, “the”, and similar references in the context of description (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or specifically contradicted by context. The modifier “about” used in connection with a quantity is inclusive of the stated value and has the meaning dictated by the context (e.g., it includes the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity). All ranges disclosed herein are inclusive of the endpoints, and the endpoints are independently combinable with each other. As used herein, the terms “about” and “substantially” are intended to include the degree of error associated with measurement of the particular quantity based upon the equipment available at the time of filing the application. For example, the terms may include a range of ±8%, or 5%, or 2% of a given value or other percentage change as will be appreciated by those of skill in the art for the particular measurement and/or dimensions referred to herein.
While the present disclosure has been described in detail in connection with only a limited number of embodiments, it should be readily understood that the present disclosure is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the present disclosure can be modified to incorporate any number of variations, alterations, substitutions, combinations, sub-combinations, or equivalent arrangements not heretofore described, but which are commensurate with the scope of the present disclosure. Additionally, while various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, it is to be understood that aspects of the present disclosure may include only some of the described embodiments.
Accordingly, the present disclosure is not to be seen as limited by the foregoing description but is only limited by the scope of the appended claims.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/325,702, filed Mar. 31, 2022, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 63325702 | Mar 2022 | US |
