Patent Application
20240027442
The present invention relates to a technique that can strongly suppress false positives, which could not be sufficiently suppressed according to conventional techniques, with the use of a compound having a particular chemical structure as a specimen-extracting solution or a member brought into contact with specimens in a step performed before the detection reaction or a step performed simultaneously with the detection reaction, when detecting target substances, such as viruses, bacteria, and target proteins, from specimens derived from body fluids, such as nasal swab specimens, nasal aspirate specimens, nasal wash specimens, nasal secretion specimens collected by nose blowing, pharyngeal swab specimens, saliva specimens, fecal specimens, serum specimens, plasma specimens, and urine specimens, using test reagents utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions or the binding reactions between substances interactive with each other.
In recent years, development of a wide variety of test reagents or kits intended to detect infection with pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria, the pregnancy status, or the like utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions or the binding reactions between substances interactive with each other has been in progress. It is important for such test reagents to perform a step of pretreatment for creating conditions suitable for the detection reaction after the specimens are collected from patients in order to obtain accurate results. In particular, many rapid test reagents do not require the use of any special equipment and can be operated in a simple and cost-effective manner. In addition, such rapid test reagents are extensively used in hospitals or clinics for general patients, in addition to large hospitals or medical testing centers, and are often used by users other than medical testing professionals. Accordingly, it is very critical that reagents can provide high test accuracy. Examples of rapid test reagents that are commercially available at present include rapid test reagents for detecting pathogen infection and rapid test reagents for pregnancy diagnosis. Such test reagents are often used in medical institutions where patients visit for the first time, the specimens collected from patients can be tested for infection or pregnancy on site, and treatment can be provided at an early stage. Thus, importance of rapid test reagents is increasing in clinical settings. As the use of rapid test reagents increases, reagent performance, such as the test results and the test accuracy with higher reproducibility, is desired by users.
At present, representative techniques involving the use of reagents for rapid testing, such as an immunoassay technique utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions, and, in particular, an immunochromatography method, are generally known. According to an immunochromatography method, a complex of a capture substance specifically binding to a target substance and a label specifically binding to a target substance is formed on a membrane, and the label is detected/quantified to detect (measure or quantify) the target substance. An immunochromatography method uses a simple assay device and is excellent in terms of the cost, and, thus, such technique has been extensively used for detecting a wide variety of target substances.
An embodiment of the immunochromatography method involves the use of a test device comprising a detection unit composed of, for example, a nitrocellulose membrane strip and a capture antibody specifically binding to a target substance immobilized thereon and a label unit composed of a label specifically binding to the target substance. A specimen sample containing the target substance is applied dropwise to the test device, a target substance-label complex is formed and allowed to develop, and the complex is captured in the detection unit to detect or quantify the label.
In recent years, reagents used for clinical diagnosis involving immunochromatography methods that can provide more reliable results of diagnosis have been desired in clinical settings, and a further improvement is desired for reagent reliability. Test reagents with high reliability are high in sensitivity and specificity and such reagents are less likely to cause erroneous judgment. Concerning specificity, in particular, the design of reagents to deal with the diversity of specimen components derived from patients with different backgrounds has been an issue of concern. Accordingly, it is very critical to more effectively resolve a problem of non-specific reactions in a rapid testing method. In this respect, it has been reported that specificity can be improved to some extent by bringing basic amino acids such as arginine and lysine, inorganic salts, glycine ethyl ester, a surfactant, animal-derived immunoglobulin, a surfactant or a polymer comprising a sulfuric acid group, a surfactant having quaternary ammonium ions, or the like into contact with specimens (Patent Documents 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5). However, effects thereof are limited and some non-specific reactions remain insuppressible. Therefore, a technique that can improve specificity more effectively while refraining from lowering sensitivity is awaited.
When detecting target substances, such as viruses, bacteria, and target proteins, from specimens derived from body fluids, such as nasal swab specimens, nasal aspirate specimens, nasal wash specimens, nasal secretion specimens collected by nose blowing, pharyngeal swab specimens, saliva specimens, fecal specimens, serum specimens, plasma specimens, or urine samples, with the use of detection reagents utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions or the binding reactions between substances interactive with each other, false positives and false negatives, which could not be sufficiently suppressed according to conventional techniques, still disturb accurate diagnosis. The present invention provides a test reagent involving the use of a specimen-extracting solution containing a component that can suppress false negatives or a method of extracting specimens without lowering sensitivity.
The present inventors have conducted concentrated studies in order to find a method that can more strongly suppress non-specific reactions occurring when specimens derived from body fluids, such as nasal swab specimens, nasal aspirate specimens, nasal wash specimens, nasal secretion specimens collected by nose blowing, pharyngeal swab specimens, saliva specimens, fecal specimens, serum specimens, plasma specimens, and urine specimens, are used as test samples. As a result, they discovered a component that would suppress non-specific reactions more remarkably than conventional techniques. They also discovered that false negatives, which had been detected according to conventional techniques, could be suppressed with the addition of the discovered component to a specimen-extracting solution or members brought into contact with the specimen in a step performed before the detection reaction or a step performed simultaneously with the detection reaction. This has led to the completion of the present invention.
Specifically, the present invention has the following features.
[1] A test reagent for detecting a target substance in a specimen utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions or the binding reactions between substances interactive with each other, which comprises a specimen-extracting solution containing a non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives, which is a water-soluble compound with a molecular weight of 6,000 Da or lower containing a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, or a xylyl group, further containing a carboxyl group, a methoxycarboxyl group, or an ethoxycarboxyl group, and optionally containing a hydroxyl group.
[2] The test reagent according to [1], which is a test reagent for immunochromatography or a test device for immunochromatography comprising a specimen-extracting solution containing a non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives, which is a water-soluble compound with a molecular weight of 6,000 Da or lower containing a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, or a xylyl group, further containing a carboxyl group, a methoxycarboxyl group, or an ethoxycarboxyl group, and optionally containing a hydroxyl group.
[3] The test reagent according to [1] or [2], which is a test device for immunochromatography comprising a site impregnated with a specimen-extracting solution containing a non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives, which is a water-soluble compound with a molecular weight of 6,000 Da or lower containing a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, or a xylyl group, further containing a carboxyl group, a methoxycarboxyl group, or an ethoxycarboxyl group, and optionally containing a hydroxyl group.
[4] The test reagent according to any of [1] to [3], wherein the specimen-extracting solution contains 0.1 to 10 (w/v) % of a non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives.
[5] The test reagent according to any of [1] to [4], wherein the water-soluble compound with a molecular weight of 6,000 Da or lower containing a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, or a xylyl group, further containing a carboxyl group, a methoxycarboxyl group, or an ethoxycarboxyl group, and optionally containing a hydroxyl group is a compound or tryptophan represented by any of Formulae (I) to (V) below:
This description includes part or all of the content as disclosed in the description and/or drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-150525, which is a priority document of the present application.
The present invention can provide a test reagent for detecting particular viruses, bacteria, proteins, low-molecular-weight compounds, and the like from specimens derived from body fluids, such as nasal swab specimens, nasal aspirate specimens, nasal wash specimens, nasal secretion specimens collected by nose blowing, pharyngeal swab specimens, saliva specimens, fecal specimens, serum specimens, plasma specimens, and urine specimens, utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions or the binding reactions between substances interactive with each other, which can more strongly suppress false negatives occurring as a result of contamination of specimens and achieve high reproducibility and high test accuracy. In addition, such reagent can prevent erroneous clinical diagnosis caused by non-specific reactions and thus is beneficial for both patients and users, such as physicians, laboratory technicians, and nurses.
Hereafter, the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention relates to a method of suppressing false negatives and preventing signal intensity; i.e., sensitivity, from lowering by bringing a compound into contact with a specimen when detecting a target substance in the specimen with the use of a detection reagent utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions or the binding reactions between substances interactive with each other.
In the present invention, an antibody includes an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody.
Specimens to be used herein are not limited. Examples of specimens include pharyngeal swab liquid, nasal swab liquid, nasal aspirate, pharyngeal wash liquid, nasal wash liquid, nasal secretion collected by nose blowing, saliva, serum, plasma, whole blood, fecal suspension, urine, and culture solution. Such specimens are referred to as a pharyngeal swab specimen, a nasal swab specimen, a nasal aspirate specimen, a pharyngeal wash specimen, a nasal wash specimen, a nasal secretion specimen collected by nose blowing, a saliva specimen, a serum specimen, a plasma specimen, a whole blood specimen, a fecal specimen, a fecal suspension specimen, an urine specimen, and a culture solution specimen. Such specimens can be diluted with a buffer and used in that state, or the specimens can be used without being diluted.
Target substances to be detected may be any substances without particular limitation. Specific examples include: viral antigens, such as influenza virus, adenovirus, RS (respiratory syncytial) virus, human metapneumoviruses (hMPV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), norovirus, and coronavirus, such as SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV2, antigens; bacterial antigens, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus group A, Streptococcus group B, and Legionella antigens; toxins produced by bacteria; Mycoplasma antigens; Chlamydia antigens, such as Chlamydia trachomatis; protozoan antigens; fungal antigens; hormones, such as human chorionic gonadotropin; proteins, such as C-reactive protein, myoglobin, cardiac troponin, and procalcitonin; various tumor markers; antigens, such as agricultural chemical and environmental hormone antigens; and antibodies reacting with the bacteria and the viruses described above.
Methods for collecting specimens are not limited. Examples of methods for collecting specimens derived from body fluids, such as pharyngeal swab specimens, nasal swab specimens, nasal aspirate specimens, pharyngeal wash specimens, nasal secretion specimens collected by nose blowing, saliva specimens, serum specimens, plasma specimens, whole blood specimens, fecal specimens, fecal suspension specimens, urine specimens, and culture solution specimens, and specimens derived from excretion products include a method for collecting specimens using a specimen-collecting tool such as cotton swabs, a method for collecting specimens by suction using a suction apparatus, and a method for collecting specimens using a blood collection tube.
In the method of the present invention, the specimens are brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives. Thus, false negatives can be suppressed when assaying the specimens. When the specimens are brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives, the target substance is brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives. In the method of the present invention, accordingly, the situation in which the specimens are brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives may be regarded as the situation in which the target substance is brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives. The situation in which the specimens are brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives may be regarded as the treatment of the specimens with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives.
The specimen-extracting solution is a liquid that suspends the target substance in the specimens to facilitate assays. For example, it is not necessary to extract a specific target substance from cells by dissolution, and the specimen-extracting solution can also be simply referred to as a specimen treatment solution, a specimen diluent, or a specimen suspension.
In the present invention, it is necessary to bring the specimens into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives before the test. The time “before the test” is before the reaction between the target substance in the specimens and the antibody or antigen reacting therewith takes place or before the reaction between the target substance in the specimens and the substances interactive therewith takes place. In the reaction between the target substance in the specimens and the antibody or antigen, the target substance binds to the antibody or antigen. In the reaction between the target substance in the specimens and the substances interactive therewith, the target substance binds to the substances interactive therewith.
Examples of methods for bringing the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives into contact with specimens in the present invention include: a method in which specimens are introduced into a solution containing the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives to be mixed with and brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives; and a method in which a specimen-extracting solution containing the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is contained in a test device used for assays, the specimens are applied to the test device used for assays, and the specimens are brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives.
A specific example of a method in which specimens are introduced into a solution containing the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives to be mixed with and brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is a method in which the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is contained in a specimen-extracting solution in which the collected specimens are to be suspended and dispersed, and, when the specimens are added to and mixed with the specimen-extracting solution, the specimens are brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives. When a specimen-extracting solution containing the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is used, for example, nasal swab specimens are collected using cotton swabs, the cotton swabs impregnated with the collected specimens are introduced into the specimen-extracting solution to suspend, disperse, and extract the specimens, and the specimens can be brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives.
A specific example of a method in which a specimen-extracting solution containing the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is contained in a test device used for assays, the specimens are applied to the test device, and the specimens are brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is a method in which a specimen-extracting solution containing the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is contained in a fibrous or porous substrate such as a pad or filtration filter comprising unwoven fabric, woven fabric, or sponge of the test device by being impregnated, coated and so on, and, when the collected specimens are applied to the test device, the specimens are brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives, which has been contained in the fibrous or porous substrate. An example of such test device is the device for immunochromatography described below.
Materials constituting the porous substrate of the test device are not limited, and examples thereof include pulp, cotton, wool, polyester, polypropylene, nylon, acrylic glass fiber, and nitrocellulose. When a specimen-extracting solution containing the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is contained in the test device used for assays and the specimens are applied to the test device and brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives, for example, a porous substrate may be impregnated with the specimen-extracting solution containing the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives, the porous substrate may be dried, and the specimens may then be brought into contact with the porous substrate on the test device in the step performed before or simultaneously with the reaction for detecting the target substance. When the specimens are applied to the test device, for example, the specimens develop on the test device to reach a site where the reaction takes place, and the antibody-antigen reaction or other reaction takes place. In a site before the site where the reaction takes place on the test device, a porous substrate containing a specimen-extracting solution containing a non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is provided. Thus, the specimens are brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives before the reaction. For example, a filtration filter may be used as a porous substrate, and a filtration filter containing a specimen-extracting solution containing a non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives may be provided in a site where the specimens are applied. When the nasal swab specimens are used, the nasal swab specimens are collected using cotton swabs, the cotton swabs impregnated with the collected specimens are introduced into the specimen-extracting solution of any composition that does not contain the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives to disperse and dissolve the specimens, and the constitutional member of the test device; i.e., the filtration filter in which the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is contained, is impregnated with the specimen-extracting solution. Thus, the specimens can be brought into contact with the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives.
The term “non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives” used in the present invention refers to a water-soluble compound with a molecular weight of 6,000 Da or lower containing a phenyl group, a benzyl group, a tolyl group, or a xylyl group, further containing a carboxyl group, a methoxycarboxyl group, or an ethoxycarboxyl group, and optionally containing a hydroxyl group. Also, an optical isomer, a geometric isomer, a constitutional isomer, a stereoisomer, and a positional isomer containing metal salts of such compounds are within the scope of such component.
Such compound is a compound or tryptophan represented by any of Formulae (I) to (V) below.
Examples of compounds include, but are not limited to, compounds selected from the group consisting of aspartame, phenylalanine, phenylalanine methyl ester (including hydrochloride), mandelic acid, 2-phenylpropionic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, phenylglycine, phenylglycine methyl ester, phenylglycine ethyl ester, phenyllactic acid, phenylpyruvic acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, hippuric acid, N-toluoylglycine, N-carbobenzyloxyamino acid, N-phenylglycine, phenoxyacetic acid, tryptophan, and an optical isomer, a geometric isomer, a constitutional isomer, a stereoisomer, and a positional isomer containing metal salts of such compounds. In the present invention, aspartame, phenylalanine, phenylalanine methyl ester (including hydrochloride), mandelic acid, 2-phenylpropionic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, phenylglycine, phenylglycine methyl ester, phenylglycine ethyl ester, phenyllactic acid, phenylpyruvic acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, hippuric acid, N-toluoylglycine, N-carbobenzyloxyamino acid, N-phenylglycine, phenoxyacetic acid, and tryptophan include metal salts thereof, and further include optical isomers, geometric isomers, constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, and positional isomers thereof. Examples of metal salts include Li salt, Na salt, K salt, Rb salt, Cs salt, and Fr salt.
Examples of compounds represented by Formula (I) include aspartame, phenylalanine, phenylalanine methyl ester, mandelic acid, 2-phenylpropionic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, phenylglycine, phenylglycine methyl ester, phenylglycine ethyl ester, phenyllactic acid, phenylpyruvic acid, and benzoic acid.
Examples of compounds represented by Formula (II) include phthalic acid and acetylsalicylic acid.
Examples of compounds represented by Formula (III) include hippuric acid and N-toluoylglycine.
An example of a compound represented by Formula (IV) is N-carbobenzyloxyamino acid.
Examples of compounds represented by Formula (V) include N-phenylglycine and phenoxyacetic acid.
Such non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is incorporated into a specimen-extracting solution or a member such as a filtration filter that is brought into contact with the specimens in the step performed before the detection reaction. The concentration is preferably 0.001 (w/v) % or higher, more preferably 0.1 (w/v) % or higher, and most preferably 1 (w/v) % or higher. A plurality of types of non-specific-reaction-suppressing components can be simultaneously used, and, in such a case, the concentration is preferably 0.001 (w/v) % or higher, more preferably 0.1 (w/v) % or higher, and most preferably 1 (w/v) % or higher. While the upper limit of the concentration is not necessarily determined, the upper limit can be, for example, 10 (w/v) % or 5 (w/v) %. When a specimen-extracting solution containing a non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives is contained in a porous substrate such as a filtration filter, the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives may be contained in the porous substrate at the concentration described above.
(Components Other than Non-Specific-Reaction-Suppressing Components for Suppressing False Negatives)
A specimen-extracting solution or a solution to be impregnated into a member, such as a porous substrate, which is brought into contact with the specimens in the step performed before the detection reaction used in the present invention may contain, in addition to non-specific-reaction-suppressing components for suppressing false negatives, known substances that can reduce non-specific reactions, surfactants, pH-buffering components, various proteins, salts, and saccharides. Examples of substances that can reduce non-specific reactions include arginine, arginine ethyl ester, arginine methyl ester, glycine ethyl ester, glycine methyl ester, lysine, and various isomers of such compounds. Examples of surfactants include nonionic surfactants, such as polyethylene glycol mono-p-isooctylphenyl ether and polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, amphoteric surfactants, such as CHAPS and laurylamide sulfobetaine, anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, and cationic surfactants, such as dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride. The concentration of the surfactant in the specimen-extracting solution is preferably 0.5 to 5 (w/v) %, more preferably 1 to 3 (w/v) %, and still more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 (w/v) %.
Examples of buffering components include phosphate buffer, Tris buffer, and Good's buffer. Examples of protein components include BSA (bovine serum albumin), casein, gelatin, and IgG. Examples of salts include halides, such as lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium bromide, potassium bromide, sodium iodide, and potassium iodide.
In the method of the present invention, detection is performed by a method utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions or the binding reactions between substances interactive with each other. Examples of combinations of substances interactive with each other include a combination of a ligand and a receptor, a combination of a receptor and a receptor, and a combination of biotin and avidin or streptavidin.
The methods of detection utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions or the reactions between substances interactive with each other are not particularly limited, and examples of such methods include immunochromatography, latex aggregation, immunoturbidimetry, nephelometric immunoassay, chemoluminescence enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CLEIA), enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The method of immunochromatography is particularly preferable. Such technique is often an immunological method utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions, but the reactions between substances interactive with each other may be utilized instead of the antigen-antibody reactions. Among such techniques, the sandwich method is preferable. In a typical sandwich method, a first substance binding to a target substance is immobilized on a specific carrier as a target substance-capturing substance, the target substance is allowed to bind to the target substance-capturing substance, a second substance binding to a target substance, which has been labeled, is allowed to bind to the target substance, so as to form a complex of “the first substance binding to the target substance-the target substance-the labeled second substance binding to the target substance” (a symbol “-” represents a bond), and signals emitted from the labeled substance are measured to assay the target substance. The first substance binding to the target substance and the second substance binding to the target substance may be the same substances. A target substance and a substance binding to the target substance may be an antigen and an antibody, an antibody and an antigen, or substances interactive with each other. A solid phase on which the first substance binding to the target substance is to be immobilized can be any substance on which a protein or other substances can be immobilized in accordance with a conventional technique. For example, any known substance, such as a porous thin film (membrane) having a capillary action, a particulate substance, a test tube, or a resin flat plate, can be selected. Examples of substances that label the second substance binding to the target substance that can be used include an enzyme, a radioisotope, a fluorescent substance, a luminescent substance, a colored particle, and a colloidal particle.
Among sandwich methods, an immunochromatography method, which is a lateral flow type immunoassay method using a membrane, is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of simplicity and speed of clinical examination.
Hereafter, a general immunochromatography method utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions is described.
As shown in
The label part 2 comprises a label composed of a target substance-capturing substance, such as an antibody, and a labeling substance chemically or physically bound thereto. Examples of labeling substances include gold colloidal particles, platinum colloidal particles, color latex particles, magnetic particles, enzymes, quantum dots, fluorescent dyes, and phosphors. The label part is formed of a porous substrate containing the above-mentioned label, and the substrate material can be a common material, such as glass fiber or unwoven fabric. The porous substrate impregnated with the label and dried is referred to as a “stabilized dry label pad.” Specifically, the label part is a portion comprising the stabilized dry label pad, which includes a colored latex particle-labeled antibody binding to the target substance by the antigen-antibody reactions.
The detection part 3 is a site where antibodies binding to the target substance by the antigen-antibody reactions are immobilized in a line as capture substances.
Examples of members that are brought into contact with the specimens in a step performed before the detection reaction of the target substance or a step performed simultaneously with the detection reaction include 1, 2, and 4 described above. Any members that are brought into contact with the specimens in a step performed before the detection reaction of the target substance or a step performed simultaneously with the detection reaction may be used without particular limitation. When the specimens are applied to the sample application part 4, the specimens flow from the sample application part 4 toward the absorption pad part 5. When the flow from the sample application part 4 toward the absorption pad part 5 is expressed as a downward flow, members that are brought into contact with the specimens in a step performed before the detection reaction of the target substance or a step performed simultaneously with the detection reaction are located upstream of the site where the detection reaction takes place.
Subsequently, an immunoassay method using the test device of the present invention is described. At the outset, the specimen is suspended in a specimen-extracting solution to prepare a specimen sample from which the target substance is extracted. Subsequently, the specimen sample is applied dropwise to the sample application part 4 of the test device. The specimen sample containing the target substance is impregnated into the label part 2 while migrating in a horizontal direction on the membrane to dissolve the label and develop. If the target substance is present in the specimen sample, a target substance-label complex is formed. When the complex reaches the detection part 3, a capture antibody-target substance-label complex is formed on the line of the detection part 3. The presence of the complex may be detected on the basis of signals emitted from the labeled substance in the complex, so as to determine the presence or absence of the target substance in the specimens. Other components that were not involved in the reaction are absorbed by the absorption pad part 5. In the example shown in
In the immunochromatography method described above, the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives may be contained in the specimen-extracting solution mixed with the specimens to extract the target substance, or the non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives may be contained in the nitrocellulose membrane 1, the label part 2, and/or the sample application part 4 of the test device for immunochromatography.
The present invention includes a test reagent utilizing the antigen-antibody reactions or the binding reactions between substances interactive with each other. The test reagent may be the test device, or the test reagent may be a test kit comprising the test device and other reagents. The test reagent of the present invention includes, for example, a test kit comprising a test device for immunochromatography and a specimen-extracting solution containing a non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives. Also, the test reagent of the present invention includes a test device for immunochromatography comprising a site comprising a specimen-extracting solution containing a non-specific-reaction-suppressing component for suppressing false negatives.
The present invention is described in greater detail with reference to the following examples, although the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
In the examples below, examples in which non-specific reactions of the specimens were suppressed in the detection performed using the kit for immunochromatography comprising the specimen-extracting solution of the present invention intended to detect influenza virus, RS virus, adenovirus, and Mycoplasma are described.
BALB/c mice were immunized with the influenza A virus antigen and raised for a given period of time. The spleens were removed from the mice and fused to mouse myeloma cells (P3×63) in accordance with the method of Kohler et al. (Kohler et al., Nature, vol. 256, pp. 495-497, 1975). The resulting fused cells (hybridomas) were maintained in an incubator at 37° C., and cells were purified (monoclonalized) while observing the antibody activity of the supernatant by ELISA using a plate comprising the influenza A virus NP antigen immobilized thereon. The 2 resulting cell lines were administered intraperitoneally to the pristane-treated BALB/c mice, and the antibody-containing ascites fluids were collected approximately 2 weeks later. IgG was purified from the obtained ascites by affinity chromatography using protein A columns to obtain 2 Types of Purified Anti-Influenza a Virus NP Antibodies.
With the use of the influenza B virus antigen, 2 types of purified anti-influenza B virus NP antibodies were obtained in the same manner as in (1).
One type of the purified anti-influenza A virus NP antibodies and one type of the purified anti-influenza B virus NP antibodies were used. The anti-influenza A virus NP antibody was allowed to covalently bind to red latex particles, suspended in a suspension, and subjected to sonication to thoroughly disperse and suspend latex particles. Thus, an anti-influenza A latex suspension was prepared. Separately, an anti-influenza B latex suspension was prepared by allowing the anti-influenza B virus NP antibody to covalently bind to blue latex particles. The anti-influenza A latex suspension was mixed with the anti-influenza B latex suspension, the mixture was applied to a glass fiber with a size of 20 cm×1 cm, and the resultant was thoroughly dried with warm air to prepare a label pad formed of a dried mixture.
A glass fiber with a size of 2.0 cm×20 cm was used.
A test device of the same constitution as shown in
1. Preparation of Anti-RS Virus, Anti-Adenovirus, and Anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae Monoclonal Antibodies
BALB/c mice were immunized with the RS virus antigen, the adenovirus antigen, or the Mycoplasma pneumoniae antigen and raised for a given period of time. The spleens were removed from the mice and fused to mouse myeloma cells (P3×63) in accordance with the method of Kohler et al. (Kohler et al., Nature, vol. 256, pp. 495-497, 1975). The resulting fused cells (hybridomas) were maintained in an incubator at 37° C., and cells were purified (monoclonalized) while observing the antibody activity of the supernatant by ELISA using a plate each comprising the antigen immobilized thereon. The 2 resulting cell lines were administered intraperitoneally to the pristane-treated BALB/c mice, and the antibody-containing ascites fluids were collected approximately 2 weeks later. IgG was purified from the obtained ascites by affinity chromatography using protein A columns to obtain 2 types of purified anti-immunogen antibodies for each immunogen.
The purified anti-immunogen antibodies were allowed to covalently bind to red latex particles, suspended in a suspension, and subjected to sonication to thoroughly disperse and suspend latex particles. Thus, an anti-RS virus latex suspension, an anti-adenovirus latex suspension, and an anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae latex suspension were prepared. These latex suspensions were each applied to a glass fiber with a size of 20 cm×1 cm, and the resultants were thoroughly dried with warm air to prepare label pads each formed of a dried mixture.
A glass fiber with a size of 2.0 cm×20 cm was used.
A test device of the same constitution as shown in
Preparation of a specimen-extracting solution is described in the test examples below.
Effects of specimen-extracting solution containing L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) for suppressing false negatives
A specimen-extracting solution (Control 1) was prepared by mixing 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0), 2 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, and 5 (w/v) % L-arginine. Subsequently, a specimen-extracting solution (Test 1) was prepared by mixing 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0), 1.25 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, 0.75 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, 4 (w/v) % glycine ethyl ester, 2.0 (w/v) % L-Phe, and 400 mM sodium bromide.
Saliva samples collected with the use of cotton swabs were suspended and dispersed in the specimen-extracting solution (Control 1) and in the specimen-extracting solution (Test 3), and the resultants were filtered. Also, samples containing inactivated influenza A virus at 6.8×102 PFU/ml were added thereto, the resulting mixtures were applied dropwise to the test device prepared above, and color intensity of the detection unit was measured 5 minutes later. At the same time, samples of the specimen-extracting solutions (Control 1) and (Test 1) not supplemented with saliva samples and other samples of the specimen-extracting solutions (Control 1) and (Test 1) selectively supplemented with inactivated influenza A virus at 6.8×102 PFU/ml were prepared and subjected to the test. Color intensity was measured with the use of the red color chart on a zero-to-ten scale.
The results are shown in Table 1. Color intensity indicated by a numeral value increases in ascending order from 0, 1+, 2+ . . . 10+, “0” indicates that color development was not observed, and a higher value indicates a stronger false negatives.
The signal intensity of the specimen-extracting solution (Control 1) supplemented with the saliva sample was lower by 2 levels than that of the specimen-extracting solution (Control 1) not supplemented with the saliva sample. In the case of the specimen-extracting solution (Test 3), in contrast, no differences were observed in signal intensities between the sample with saliva and the sample without saliva. This indicates that false negatives can be suppressed according to the present invention.
Effects of L-Phe-containing specimen-extracting solution for suppressing false negatives when detecting RS viruses by immunochromatography
A specimen-extracting solution (Control 1) was prepared by mixing 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0), 2 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, and 5 (w/v) % L-arginine. Subsequently, a specimen-extracting solution (Test 4) was prepared by mixing 1.5 (w/v) % L-Phe, 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0), 1.25 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, (w/v) % polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, 4 (w/v) % glycine ethyl ester, and 150 mM sodium bromide.
Saliva specimens were collected from the oral cavity with the use of cotton swabs and suspended and dispersed in the control specimen-extracting solution and in the specimen-extracting solution (Test 4). The inactivated RS viruses were added at 3.5×104 TCID50/ml and mixed with the specimens to obtain the test samples. Also, other samples were prepared by selectively adding inactivated RS viruses at 3.5×104 TCID50/ml to the control specimen-extracting solution and to the specimen-extracting solution (Test 4) without the addition of saliva. Subsequently, the samples were applied dropwise to the test device prepared above, and color intensity of the detection unit was measured 5 minutes later. Color intensity was measured with the use of the red color chart and the blue color chart each on a zero-to-ten scale.
The results are shown in Table 2. Color intensity indicated by a numeral value increases in ascending order from 0, 1+, 2+ . . . 10+, “0” indicates that color development was not observed, and a higher value indicates a higher signal intensity.
In the control specimen-extracting solution, false negatives were induced with the addition of the saliva specimens, and color intensity was lowered. In the specimen-extracting solution (Test 4), in contrast, color intensity was not affected with the addition of saliva, and false negatives induced with the addition of saliva was found to have been suppressed in the specimen-extracting solution containing the components of the present invention.
A specimen-extracting solution (Control 1) was prepared by mixing 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0), 2 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, and 5 (w/v) % L-arginine. Subsequently, a specimen-extracting solution (Test 1) was prepared by mixing 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0), 1.25 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, 0.75 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, 4 (w/v) % glycine ethyl ester, 1.5 (w/v) % L-Phe, and 150 mM sodium bromide.
The inactivated influenza A viruses were added to the specimen-extracting solution (Control 1) and the specimen-extracting solution (Test 1) to the final concentrations of 6.8×102 PFU/ml, 3.4×102 PFU/ml, and 1.7×102 PFU/ml, respectively, to prepare samples. Also, the inactivated influenza B viruses were added to the specimen-extracting solutions to the final concentrations of 4.0×102 PFU/ml, 2.0×102 PFU/ml, and 1.0×102 PFU/ml, respectively, to prepare samples. Subsequently, these samples were applied dropwise to the test device prepared above in amounts of 50 μl each, and color intensity of the detection unit was measured 5 minutes later. Color intensity was measured with the use of the red color chart and the blue color chart each on a zero-to-ten scale.
The results are shown in Table 3. Color intensity indicated by a numeral value increases in ascending order from 0, 0.5+, 1+, 2+ . . . 10+, “0” indicates that color development was not observed, and a higher value indicates a higher signal intensity. The results are shown in terms of “color intensity of influenza A/color intensity of influenza B.”
Sensitivity of the specimen-extracting solution (Control 1) was equivalent to that of the specimen-extracting solution (Test 1). The signal intensity of Test 1 was higher than that of Control 1. The results demonstrate that specificity can be improved without lowering sensitivity with the use of the specimen-extracting solution of the present invention.
A control specimen-extracting solution (without additives) was prepared by mixing 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0), 2 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, and 2 (w/v) % L-arginine. Subsequently, a specimen-extracting solution to be subjected to the test was prepared by mixing 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0), 2 (w/v) % polyoxyethylene octyl phenyl ether, 2 (w/v) % L-arginine, and one of the compounds shown in Table 4 (figure in parentheses: final concentration).
Influenza virus- and RS virus-negative saliva samples in which false negatives had been observed in the control specimen suspension were collected using cotton swabs. These specimens were suspended and dispersed in the control specimen-extracting solution and the test specimen-extracting solutions to prepare the test samples. In addition, the influenza A viruses, the influenza B viruses, and the RS virus antigens were added to the final concentrations of 6.8×102 PFU/ml, 4.0×102 PFU/ml, and 3.5×104 PFU/ml, respectively, and mixed. Subsequently, these samples were each applied dropwise to the test device prepared above, and color intensity of the detection part was measured 5 minutes later. Color intensity was measured with the use of the color chart on a zero-to-ten scale, and the extent of suppression of the false negatives was examined.
The results are shown in Table 5 and Table 6. In the tables, “Poor” indicates “not effective,” “Not good” indicates “mild improvement,” “Good” indicates “sufficient improvement,” and “Excellent” indicates “remarkable improvement.” The effects achieved with influenza virus detections reagents are shown in terms of “effects on influenza A/effects on influenza B.”
Effects of suppressing false negatives were observed in substantially all the compounds tested with the RS virus detection reagents, and effects of suppressing false negatives were observed in a plurality of compounds tested with the influenza virus detection reagents.
The method of the present invention can be used to accurately detect various substances.
All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2020-150525 | Sep 2020 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2021/032952 | 9/8/2021 | WO |
