This invention relates to the field of devices and methods for composting waste into manure.
The prior art cited below are relevant to the described device and method:
U.S. Pat. No. 6,488,733, by Kalra, et al., discloses methods of composting employing pits which are line with bricks (see e.g.: Col. 3, Line 4, Lines 20-24). The device used for composting requires a fixed, permanently dug pits. Accordingly, the device is not intended to be portable.
U.S. Patent Applications, Pub. Nos.: US 20060101882 A1 (see e.g., Col. 2-& 34) and US 20040191288 by AlKhanuja, et al., (see e.g., Col. 2-& 34) disclose the use of animal urine for composting in pits lined with bricks and is, therefore, not intended to be portable.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,141,169 by Koehler discloses composting sewage in an apparatus, comprising the use of tanks and piping therefor. It follows that this device is not intended to be portable (see, e.g., Col. 2, Lines 15-23).
U.S. Pat. No. 6,576,462 by Thompson discloses a vermi culture composting device for organic/kitchen waste which relies upon sunlight to partially control the temperature for composting. The container for composting is painted in opposed dark and light colors for absorbing or reflecting sunlight. The device is difficult to be moved from its installation site and not intended to be portable.
FR. 2913014 by Lauren discloses employment of a plurality of tanks with perforated bottoms and covered with air holes and dendrodrilus rubidus worm for composting. The device structure lacks ease of assembly and disassembly and, as a consequence, is not intended to be portable.
U.S. Pat. No. 7,018,831, by Gitt, relates to a composting apparatus which comprises a plurality of stackable composting drawers and a plurality of receivers, each receiver is arranged under one unit of the drawers. This apparatus is not intended to be portable.
Disclosed is a vermi composting bed of the type disposed upon a work surface of dirt or soil for receiving therein waste for composting and from which is drained vermi wash. The bed comprises a stitchless, heat-sealed, composite fabric comprising four layers of UV-stabilized LDPE layers coated for heat extrusion; and three HDPE substrate layers of woven fabric layers; each of said HDPE layers being disposed between two of said LDPE layers. There is a main panel made of the fabric which is 16 feet, 9 inches, by 2 feet. There are two side panels each 12 feet, 9 inches, by 2 feet. The main panel and the two side panels form the bed of 12 feet in length by 4 feet wide by 2 feet high defining the walls of the bed with an internal volume of 96 cubic feet open for receiving therein the waste for composting. The exterior walls of the side panels are green and the interior walls which defining the volume of the bed are snow white. Rope is disposed along and secured to each of the upper longitudinal marginal edge of each of the panels. The upper longitudinal marginal edges of the panels define the opening. There are fourteen pockets. Each of the pockets are comprised of the composite fabric and affixed to the exterior walls of the panels and have a U-shaped opening at one end thereof and is closed at the end opposed to the U-shaped opening. The closed end is secured to the panel by the rope. There are fourteen round, straight, 39 inch long wooden poles. The work surface has holes at predetermined locations. Each of said holes is 18 inches in depth. Each of the poles is snug fit into a respective one of the holes and projects above the work surface to a height of 21 inches. Each of the side panels has six window apertures therethrough. Each of the window apertures is 8 inches by 4 inches with rounded corners and disposed at predetermined locations a long the longitudinal side of the respective side panel. The main panel has, in a predetermined location, a drain aperture of 3 inches by 1 inch. A pipe has a semi-circular opening. The semi-circular opening is disposed under the drain aperture and disposed upon the work surface at an angle with respect to a horizontal plane passing through the drain aperture and into and below the work surface of the work surface for draining the vermi waste from the bed. HDPE nets are provided and so dimensioned so that each one covers one of the window apertures and the drain aperture and heat sealed to the panel.
There is also provided a method for composting agricultural waste in a tetra vermi bed. This method comprises sorting out hard material, including stones and domestic animal dung from partly decomposed agricultural waste and leaching out animal urine from the partly decomposed waste by watering and precipitating out salt to less than 0.% by weight level. Layering alternately in the tetra vermi bed said partly decomposed waste and said animal dung each in 6 inch thick layers and repeating said layering method till the tetra vermi bed is almost filled to brim or alternatively filling completely with animal dung. Sprinkling water in fine spray over the contents of the tetra vermi bed till heat of the contents is positively removed and the contents of the tetra vermi bed are cooled and humidity initially is 70%-80% by weight. Checking settling down of the contents after sprinkling water and adding a layer of animal dung till the contents reach the 2 feet height of the tetra vermi bed. Measuring periodically the temperature of the contents and maintaining it to between 25° C. to 3° C. and maintaining moisture to adequate levels. Periodically checking the pH value and maintaining it to a range of 5 to 9 level. Adding calcium carbonate to the contents to raise the pH to the 5 to 9 level or adding peat moss to the contents to lower pH to the required 5-9 pH level, the ideal pH being a pH of 7 indicating a slightly alkaline nature, which is favorable for reproduction of worms. Making 3 to 4 inch deep basins into the contents along all sides of the tetra vermi bed, after it is sufficiently cooled down and the water content comes down to 20-30% by weight so as the waste to become sufficiently moist and porous for free movement of earthworms. Adding earthworms to said basins, allowing them to mix with the contents and closing said basins. Repeating the method after three days, as described above but to add proper feed for worms. Frequently watering the contents for maintaining the porousness of the decomposed waste to facilitate free movement of worms. Allowing the earthworms for a period of 2 months to work on the partly-decomposed agricultural waste. collecting vermi wash liquid in the container placed in the pit. Periodically inspecting said vermi wash liquid, earthworms and the tetra vermi bed and monitoring temperature. Gathering the produced manure, after 40 days, from all sides of the tetra vermi bed and stacking it in a pile, leaving thereby the earthworms at bottom of the tetra vermi bed. Sieving the produced manure and packing it in bags. Sampling the packed manure for inspection for quality check. Re-using earthworms segregated from the produced manure in following manure production batches.
There is provided an apparatus of the type which is disposed upon a work surface and receives vegetation for composting. The apparatus comprises a container having a bottom and sidewalls made of flexible material. There is also means for supporting the container with respect to the work surface. The container has an open position for receiving, storing, and composting vegetation and a closed position for transportation between work surfaces.
There is also provided a method of composting partially decomposed vegetation in a compost container comprising the steps of: providing the partially decomposed vegetation providing dung; placing within the compost container the partially decomposed vegetation and dung in alternating layers; spraying the combination of decomposed vegetation and dung with water so as to reduce the temperature of the contents of the container; maintaining the water content of the compost container with a predetermined range; refilling the container as the contents of the container from time-to-time as the contents thereof settle; maintaining the contents of the container within a range of predetermine temperature and moisture content; measuring and maintaining the pH of the contents of the container at a predetermined level; add earthworms to the contents within the container; and removing the manure formed thereby after a predetermined period of time.
In order that the device and method may be more fully understood it is described by way of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
Described is a tetra vermi compost container which is relatively light, easily erected for use and collapsed for transportation or storage when not in use and the method for making and using the same.
A compost container is provided which may be of any convenient shape. In this example, the compost container 100 (
The bottom wall 90 and the first and second end walls 100-4, 100-5 may be formed from a single blank 100-1 (
The first and second end walls 100-4, 100-5, the front side and rear sidewalls 100-2, 100-3 and the bottom wall 90 may be constructed from a material, such as a fabric, that is significantly lighter relative to such other types of materials frequently used to form a compost container, such as wood or metal. In this example, the fabric is a seven-layer chemically treated U.V.-stabilized composite woven fabric. Each layer of the fabric may comprise a laminated sandwich of a layer of LDPE between two layers of HDPE (the layered construction is not shown). Each HDPE layer may be made from HDPE granules combined with a UV stabilizing compound which is then extruded in a manner well known in the art into the single composite fabric. The UV-stabilizing compound may comprise between 3 to 5% by weight of the HDPE so as to inhibit cracking due to exposure to sunlight.
In the assembly of the container 100 the edges of adjacent walls: 100-2 and 100-4; 100-2 and 100-5; 100-3 and 100-4; 100-3 and 100-5; 100-2 and 90; and 100-3 and 90 are secured to one another by any well known means, such as adhesive or, as in this example, by heat sealing. Thus, a first marginal edge 102 of the front sidewall 100-2 is substantially perpendicular to the bottom wall 90 and is affixed to a first marginal edge 102 of the first end wall 100-4 (where a common edge is shown a single identification number is used). A second marginal edge 104 of the front sidewall 100-2, which is opposed to the first perpendicular edge 102, is affixed to a marginal edge 104 of the second side panel 100-5. A marginal edge 106 of the front sidewall 100-2, which joined to a first marginal edge 106 of the bottom wall 90 (
A first marginal edge 108 of the rear sidewall 100-3, which is substantially perpendicular to the bottom wall 90, is joined to a second substantially perpendicular marginal edge 108 of the first end wall 1004. A second marginal edge 110 of the rear sidewall 100-3, which is opposed to its first marginal edge 108 is joined to a second marginal edge 110 of the second end sidewall 100-5 (
The front side and rear side and first and second end sidewalls 100-2-100-5 may be of equal perpendicular length with respect to the bottom wall 90. The sides of the front side and rear sidewalls 100-2, 100-3 which are parallel to the base wall 90 are of substantially equal length. The length of the end walls 100-4, 100-5 between their respective perpendicular edges 102 and 108, 104 and 110 are substantially equal but are shorter than the length of the front side and rear sidewalls 100-2, 100-3 between their respective perpendicular edges 102 and 104, 108 and 110. The bottom, front side, and rear sidewalls 90, 100-2, 100-3 may be each 16 feet 9 inches wide by 4 feet 2 inches high. The first and second end panels 100-4, 100-5 may each be 12 feet 9 inches by 2 feet by 4 feet 2 inches.
The front side 100-2, rear side 100-3, and first and second end walls 100-4, 100-5 may each have two apertures or eyelets 114 therethrough (
Rope 152 may be secured to each of the top edges 136-142 of the walls 100-2-100-5, at the open end 132 of the container 100. The rope 152 may be secured by any well known means, such as adhesive (
Each corner of the container 100 may be provided with a flap 150 of a fabric which is attached to the abutting walls 100-2 and 100-4, 100-2 and 100-5, 100-3 and 100-4, and 100-3 and 100-5 as by heat sealing and have a grommet aperture 154 therethrough (
The front side and rear sidewalls 100-2, 100-3 may have several window apertures 70 (
As compost decomposes within a container, it is desirable to drain the accumulated leachate or vermi wash therefrom. As with the window apertures 70, a similarly shaped drain aperture 74 is provided in the bottom wall 90 (
To effect the drainage the tetra vermi compost container 100 is supported above a work surface 156 (
The tetra vermi compost container 100 may be provided with a multiplicity of support pockets 80 each of which is so dimensioned as to be capable of receiving support members 82 (
To facilitate ease of receiving the support pole 82 the exterior wall 84 of each support pocket 80 may be disposed with its pocket opening 154 proximate the bottom wall 90 and in which the outer wall of each pocket has an U-shaped indent 154 at its opening to facilitate receiving the support members. Six of the support pockets 80 are secured to the exterior of the front side and rear side walls 100-2, 100-3. Each of the two remaining pockets 80 is secured to a respective first and second end walls 100-4, 100-5. Six of the pockets 80 are secured to the front side and to the rear side walls 100-2, 100-3 and are upon such wall 100-2 or 100-3 equally spaced from each other and equally spaced from the perpendicular edges 102 and 104, 108 and 110 of the walls. In this way each pocket 80 secured to the front side wall 100-2 is in registry with a pocket 80 secured to the rear side wall 100-3. The pocket 80 secured to the exterior of the first end wall 100-4 is in registry with the pocket secured to the exterior of the second end wall 100-5.
In this example, the opening 148 of each support pocket 80 may be 6 inches or greater between the marginal edges 80-A such that the cylindrical pole 82, which may have a 12 inch diameter, easily fits through the U-shaped indented opening 148 and into the pocket 80.
The work surface 150 may comprise, for example, firmly packed soil and provide a gradient of 6 inches over 12 feet. Alternatively, the acute angle or gradient may be obtained by varying the lengths of the poles 82 with respect to a substantially horizontal work surface (not shown) to establish the desired acute angle. As an alternative, the pockets 80 may be disposed at an acute angle along the container sidewalls 100-2-100-5 with respect to the horizontal plane such that, with support being provided by poles 82 of equal length, the container 100 will be at the acute angle with respect to the horizontal plane.
The tetra vermi container 100, when fully erected, may, because of its fabric walls, be folded upon itself and erected ready for use at a work site.
In operation, holes are made in the work surface 150 to a sufficient depth that each pole 82 is firmly in place as by grouting. In this example, there are fourteen holes 146 are made in the work surface 150 (
A drain pipe 96, which may be made of any structural material such as plastic, and in this example is made of HDPE. The pipe 96 may have a semi-circular sector 148 aperture therein adjacent one end 168 to receive the leachate or vermi wash drained from the container 100. The pipe 82 may be fitted under the drain aperture 74 in a manner well known in the art. The other end 160 of the pipe 82 may then open into a pit 164 in the work surface 150 into which is placed a receptacle 162 (
There is provided the process for composting partly decomposing agricultural waste in a tetra vermi bed or container of the type having a drain for removing the leachate or vermi wash. The method comprises:
As a further example of the apparatus, there can be provided a main panel with the following specification:
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/IN2009/000312 | Feb 2009 | IN | national |
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 13/261,053 filed Sep. 12, 2012, and claims the benefit of PCT/IN2009/000312 with an International Priority Date of Feb. 6, 2009.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 13261053 | Sep 2012 | US |
Child | 15086940 | US |