Textile fabric for the outer shell of a firefighter's garment

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a textile fabric. This fabric is particularly well suited for use as the outer shell fabric of a firefighter's garment. The fabric is a woven or knitted fabric of spun yarns and multi-filament yarns. The spun yarn includes a first staple being a polymer selected from the group consisting of aramid, PBI or PBO or melamine formaldehyde, and a second staple being an aramid polymer. The multi-filament yarn includes an aramid filament.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a textile fabric for use as the outer shell fabric of a firefighter's garment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The outer shell fabric of a firefighter's garment must be flame, heat, abrasion, tear, and moisture resistant, durable, and lightweight. This outer shell fabric provides the first layer of protection for the firefighter.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,095,549; 5,136,723; 5,701,606; 5,983,409; 5,996,122; and 6,038,700 disclose, among other things, firefighter's garments having an outer shell fabric made of PBI/aramid fibers.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,299,602 discloses a woven, outer shell fabric made for firefighter's garments where the warp yarns are multi-filament aramid yarns and the weft yarns are either multi-filament or spun aramid yarns.

U.S. Pat. No. 5,628,065 discloses a firefighter's hood of a knit fabric formed of a blend of PBI and aramid fibers.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,065,153 and 6,192,520 disclose a woven outer shell fabric for a firefighter's garments. This fabric has a plain, twill or rip stop weave and the yarns are a mixture of PBI and aramid fibers. The fabric has a weight ranging from 5.5 to 8 OSY, preferably, 7.5 OSY.

One popular outer shell fabric is a woven fabric of spun yarns consisting of PBI and aramid staple. This fabric is known in the market as ‘PBI GOLD®.’ In the U.S., this fabric generally is made in the following forms: 1) a 7.5 OSY rip stop weave made from a 16/2 c.c. spun yarns consisting of 40% by weight PBI and 60% by weight of a para-aramid; or 2) a nominal 7.0 OSY (actual 7.3 to 7.4 OSY) rip stop weave made from a 21/2 c.c. spun yarns consisting of 40% PBI and 60% of the para-aramid. Internationally, this fabric is in the form of a 6.0 to 6.5 OSY rip stop weave 24-25/2 c.c. spun yarns of 40% PBI and 60% para-aramid, or a twill weave made from 35/2 c.c. spun yarns of 40% PBI and 60% para-aramid.

Another fabric used as an outer shell fabric is marketed under the trade name ‘Millenia’ from Southern Mills, Inc. of Union City, Ga. The Millenia fabric is made with a spun yarn consisting of 40% PBO and 60% para-aramid staple.

While ‘PBI GOLD®’ has proven to be an excellent outer shell fabric, there is still a need to improve these fabrics. There is a desire to have lighter weight fabrics that have better tear and abrasion resistance.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a textile fabric. This fabric is preferably used as the outer shell fabric of a firefighter's garment. The fabric is a woven or knitted fabric of spun yarns and multi-filament yarns. The spun yarn includes a first staple being a polymer selected from the group consisting of aramid or PBI or PBO or melamine formaldehyde, and a second staple being an aramid polymer. The multi-filament yarn includes an aramid filament.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings a form of the invention; it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and instrumentality shown.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of the textile fabric made according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a magnified plan view of the textile fabric made according to the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to the drawings wherein like numerals indicate like elements there is shown in FIG. 1 an illustration of the textile fabric 10 made according to the present invention. Preferably, the fabric 10 has a gold color with a ‘checkered’ pattern created by black multi-filament yarns 14. The fabric 10 may be woven or knitted. The fabric 10 is preferably woven with spun yarns 12 and multi-filament yarns 14. The weaves are selected from the group consisting of plain, twill, rip stop, and oxford. The fabric weight may range from 6 to 8 OSY, preferably, 7 OSY. The weight ratio of spun yarns to multi-filament yarns should range from 85:15 to 92:8, preferably, 90:10. The multi-filament yarn may be inserted among the spun yarns, in both the warp and weft, at an insertion ratio of 1:5 to 1:20, preferably, 1:9. Preferably, the fabric is treated with a water/moisture resistant finish, as is well known.

The spun yarns 12 are a blend of a first staple and a second staple. The first staple is fiber made from a polymer selected from the group of aramid, PBI, PBO, melamine formaldehyde, or combinations thereof. The second staple is a fiber made from an aramid or blends of aramids. Exemplary spun yarns include, but are not limited to, blends of aramid staple, PBI and aramid staple, PBO and aramid staple, melamine formaldehyde and aramid staple, and PBI, PBO, melamine formaldehyde and aramid staple. The spun yarns may have any weight ratio of first and second staples. The weight ratio of first and second staple is preferably 20-60% by weight first staple and 40-80% by weight second staple. The spun yarns most preferably comprise 30-45% by weight of the first staple and 55-70% by weight of the aramid staple. The spun yarns may range in size from 32/2 to 16/2 c.c., preferably, 24/2 c.c.

PBI staple fibers are commercially available from Celanese Acetate LLC of Charlotte, N.C. PBO staple fibers are commercially available under the trade name of ZYLON® from Toyobo Co., Ltd. of Osaka, Japan. Melamine formaldehyde fibers are commercially available under the trade name of BASOFIL® from BASF Corporation of Mount Olive, N.J.

The aramid staple fibers may be either a meta-aramid or a para-aramid. Such aramid fibers are commercially available under the trade name of TWARON®, CONEX®, and TECHNORA® from Teijin Co. of Osaka, Japan; or NOMEX® or KELVAR® from DuPont of Wilmington, Del.; or P84 from Lenzing AG of Lenzing, Austria; or KERMEL® from Rhodia Inc. of Cranbury, N.J. When the aramid staple fiber forms the second staple mentioned above, it may be either meta-aramid or para-aramid. When the aramid staple fiber forms the second staple mentioned above, it is preferably the para-aramid.

The multi-filament yarn is made from aramid filament. Aramid may be either meta-aramid or para-aramid, the para-aramid is preferred. Such aramid fibers are commercially available under the trade name of TECHNORA®, TWARON®, and CONEX® from Teijin Co. of Osaka, Japan, or NOMEX® or KELVAR® from DuPont of Wilmington, Del., or P84 from Lenzing AG of Lenzing, Austria or KERMEL® from Rhodia Inc. of Cranbury, N.J. The multi-filament yarn ranges in size from 200 to 1500 denier, preferably, 400 denier. The multi-filament yarn may be a flat yarn, a twisted yarn, or a stretch broken yarn.

The instant invention has superior tear and abrasion resistance, at a lower weight, over the PBI GOLD® fabric. The results are set forth in Table 1.

Fabric A is 6.0 OSY fabric; spun yarn is 27/2 c.c. with 45 percent weight PBI and 55 percent Technora® staple; multi-filament is a flat yarn inserted every 10^th yarn in the warp and weft.

Fabric B is 6.9 OSY fabric; spun yarn is 24/2 c.c. with 45 percent weight PBI and 55 percent Twaron® microdenier staple; multi-filament is a twisted yarn inserted every 9^th yarn in the warp and weft.

TABLE 1
Performance			Invention	Invention
Characteristic	Test Method	PBI Gold	A	B
Weight (OSY)		7.5	6.0	6.8-7.0
Trap Tear (lbs.)	ASTM D5733	40 × 35	75 × 75	63 × 63
	(Trapezoidal
	Method)
Tabor abrasion	ASTM D-3884	225	180	293
	(500 g wt.
	With
	H18
	abrasion
	wheel)
Thermal	NFPA 1971	40	40	40
Protective	(2000
Performance,	Edition
TPP	Section
(Composite)	6.10)
Trap Tear after	AATCC 16 E
UV	(Standard
	Method for
	Xenon arc
	exposure at
	1.1 rad)
60 hr		28.4 × 18.7	44.6 × 38.5
180 hr		17.8 × 12.3	25.7 × 18.9
300 hr		15.2 × 10.6	21.2 × 16.1
Trap Tear after	ASTM D5733
Sunlight	(Trapezoid
	Method)
1 week		30.8 × 20.8	64.9 × 62.7
2 week		24.3 × 17.0	45.5 × 40.1
3 week		20.0 × 14.6	39.0 × 34.2
4 week		18.8 × 13.1	34.0 × 33.9
5 week		16.6 × 13.5	29.7 × 30.1
6 week		14.8 × 10.5	26.6 × 23.6

The present invention made be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit and the central attributes thereof and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicated the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A firefighter garment comprising: an outer shell fabric including a woven material of spun yarns including first staple being a polymer selected from the group consisting of PBI, and/or PBO, and a second staple of an aramid polymer, and multi-filament yarns including a para-aramid filament, and a weight ratio of spun yarn to multi-filament yarn ranges from 85:15 to 92:8.

2. The garment of claim 1 wherein the woven fabric weight ranging from 6 to 8 OSY.

3. The garment of claim 1 wherein the woven fabric has a weave selected from the group consisting plain, twill, rip stop, or oxford.

4. The garment of claim 1 wherein the spun yarn ranges from 32/2 to 16/2 c.c.

5. The garment of claim 1 wherein the multi-filament yarn ranges from 200 to 1500 denier.

6. A firefighter garment comprising: an outer shell fabric including a woven material of spun yarn, said spun yarn being a blend of staple, a first staple being made of a polymer selected from the group consisting of PBI, PBO, or combinations thereof and a second staple being made of an aramid, and a multi-filament yarn including para-aramid filaments, said multi-filament yarns being inserted into said woven material, in both the warp and the weft, at a multi-filament yarn to spun yarn ratio of 1:5 to 1:20.

7. The garment of claim 6 wherein said spun yarn being a blend of PBI and aramid staple.

8. The garment of claim 6 wherein said spun yarn being a blend of PBO and aramid staple.

9. The garment of claim 6 wherein said spun yarn being a blend of PBI, PBO, and aramid staple.

10. A firefighter garment comprising: an outer shell fabric including a woven material of spun yarns including first staple being a polymer selected from the group consisting of aramid, PBI, and/or PBO, and a second staple of an aramid polymer; multi-filament yarns including a para-aramid filament; and a weight ratio of spun yarn to multi-filament yarn ranges from 85:15 to 92:8.

11. A firefighter garment comprising: an outer shell fabric including a woven material of spun yarn, said spun yarn being a blend of staple, a first staple being made of a polymer selected from the group consisting of aramid, PBI, PBO, or combinations thereof and a second staple being made of an aramid, and a multi-filament yarn including para-aramid filaments, said multi-filament yarns being inserted into said woven material, in both the warp and the weft, at a multi-filament yarn to spun yarn ratio of 1:5 to 1:20.

12. A firefighter garment comprising: an outer shell fabric including a woven material of spun yarn, said spun yarn being a blend of staple, a first staple being made of an aramid polymer selected from the group consisting of meta-aramid, para-aramid, or combinations thereof and a second staple being made of an aramid polymer selected from the group consisting of meta-aramid, para-aramid, or combinations thereof, and a multi-filament yarn including para-aramid filaments, said multi-filament yarns being inserted into said woven material, in both the warp and the weft, at a multi-filament yarn to spun yarn ratio of 1:5 to 1:20, said woven fabric having a greater trap tear when compared to a fabric of equivalent weight without said filament and a greater tabor abrasion when compared to the fabric of equivalent weight without said filament.

13. A firefighter garment comprising: an outer shell fabric including a woven material of spun yarns including first staple being an aramid polymer selected from the group consisting of meta-aramid, para-aramid, and combinations thereof, and a second staple of an aramid polymer; multi-filament yarns including a para-aramid filament; and a weight ratio of spun yarn to multi-filament yarn ranges from 85:15 to 92:8, said woven fabric having a greater trap tear when compared to a fabric of equivalent weight without said filament and a greater tabor abrasion when compared to the fabric of equivalent weight without said filament.

14. A textile fabric comprising: a woven fabric of spun yarns and multi-filament yarns, the spun yarns being in the warp and the weft, the multi-filament yarns being in the warp and the weft, the spun yarn being a blend of staple selected from the group aramid, PBI, PBO, and combinations thereof, the multi-filament yarn being a para-aramid multi-filament yarn, and a weight ratio of spun yarn to multi-filament yarn ranging from 85:15 to 92:8.

15. The fabric of claim 14 wherein said spun yarn having a cotton count in the range of 32/2 to 16/2.

16. The fabric of claim 14 wherein said multi-filament yarns being inserted into said woven material, in both the warp and the weft, at a multi-filament yarn to spun yarn ratio of 1:5 to 1:20.

17. A firefighter garment comprising an outer shell fabric according to claim 14.

18. A firefighter garment comprising: an outer shell fabric including a woven material of spun yarns including first staple being a polymer selected from the group consisting of PBI, and/or PBO, and a second staple of an aramid polymer, and multi-filament yarns including a filament having a tenacity of at least 22 grams per denier, and a weight ratio of spun yarn to multi-filament yarn ranges from 85:15 to 92:8.

19. A textile fabric comprising: a woven fabric of spun yarns and multi-filament yarns, the spun yarns being in the warp and the weft, the multi-filament yarns being in the warp and the weft, the spun yarn being a blend of staple selected from the group aramid, PBI, PBO, and combinations thereof, the multi-filament yarn comprising a filament having a tenacity of at least 22 grams per denier, and a weight ratio of spun yarn to multi-filament yarn ranging from 85:15 to 92:8.