Patent Application
20140272209
Embodiments described herein relate generally to a nonwoven textile product, and more particularly to a nonwoven textile product having a reduced density region and a full density region.
Textile products have been in use for thousands of years and come in many forms. One way to classify textile products is by whether they are woven products (such as cotton products, and including knitted textiles) or non-woven products (such as felt products). Generally, both have many applications and are widely used.
One example of a nonwoven textile is felt, which has been used to make goods for centuries. Felt may be formed by placing randomly aligned wool and/or synthetic fibers under pressure and adding moisture, and optionally chemicals. With sufficient time, heat and water, the fibers bond to one another to form a felt cloth. This process may be known as “wet felting.”
As another option, fibers may be formed into a felt through “needle felting.” In needle felting, a specialized notched needle is pushed repeatedly in and out of a bundle or group fibers. Notches along the shaft of the needle may grab fibers in a top layer of the bundle and push them downward into the bundle, tangling these grabbed fibers with others. The needle notches face toward the felt bundle, such that the grabbed felt is released when the needle withdraws. As the needle motion continues, more and more fibers are tangled and bonded together, again creating a felt cloth.
Although two different ways to create felt products have been described, it should be appreciated that variants and/or other methods may be employed. Regardless of the production method, however, felts share certain characteristics. For example, felts are often used as an acoustic damper due to their relatively dense natures. Likewise, felt tends to pull apart readily, due to its nonwoven nature, if the integrity of the bonds between the threads is compromised. This tendency to break apart when subjected to certain stresses and/or chemical may limit the usefulness of felt for certain applications.
Embodiments described herein may take the form of a textile fabric, including: a first volume defined by a first plurality of textile fibers; a second volume adjacent the first volume and comprising: a second plurality of textile fibers; and at least one micro-feature formed in the second volume, the at least one micro-feature reducing a density of the second volume. In certain embodiments, the at least one micro-feature comprises a plurality of microperforations; and the plurality of microperforations cooperate to reduce the density of, and/or allow air flow through, the second volume.
Other embodiments may take the form of a method for fabricating a textile product, including the operations of: defining a feature volume on the textile product; forming a micro-feature in the feature volume; and shaping the textile product into a final configuration.
Additional embodiments and configurations will be apparent upon reading this disclosure.
Embodiments described herein may take the form of a textile product having one or more regions of selectively reduced density. In certain embodiments, the textile may be a woven fabric, such as a cotton, polyester or the like. In other embodiments, the textile may be a nonwoven fabric, such as a felt.
Generally, embodiments described herein may take the form of a textile product having one or more regions of reduced density. These reduced density volumes or regions may form one or more characteristics in the product. For example, the reduced density volumes may have better acoustic transmission properties, optical transmission properties, flexibility, and the like. Sound transmission may be enhanced not only in terms of clarity, but also overall range. That is, certain audio frequencies that the textile may normally block when in an unaltered state may pass through a textile having reduced density or reduced density regions.
The characteristics may be formed either by introducing microperforations into certain regions to create a reduced textile density, or by introducing microbores into these regions, thereby also creating a reduced textile density. A microperforation generally extends through the textile product, while a microbore does not. Thus, a microbore may extend partially through a textile. The term “microperforation,” as used herein, generally encompasses microbores, as well. In this fashion, various patterns may be created in a textile for a variety of effects, many of which are discussed herein. Microperforations and microbores (e.g., “micro-features”) are generally not visible to the naked eye under typical lighting conditions, but may be visible if properly backlit.
Microperforations and/or microbores may be created in a textile product in a variety of ways. For example, a laser may be used to generate microperforations and/or microbores. In certain embodiments, either or both of a carbon dioxide (CO2) and ultraviolet laser may be used to generate microperforations or microbores; other types of lasers may be used in other embodiments. In some embodiments, the laser may have a power of 1 Watt and a 20 kHz frequency. The laser may have a pulse energy of 0.05 microJoules, a speed of 100 nanometers/sec, a wavelength of 355 nanometers, and a spot size of 0.03 micrometers. Generally, a laser with these operating parameters may make between 10 and 1,000 passes to create a microperforation or microbore, or set of the same. The number of passes may vary with the thickness of the textile and/or the depth of the micro-feature(s) being formed.
It should be appreciated that any or all of the foregoing laser parameters may be varied between embodiments. Generally, a laser suitable to create a micro-feature or micro-feature set may have a wavelength from about 10.6 microns to about 355 nanometers, a pulse width ranging from approximately 1 nanosecond to a continuous wave, a frequency ranging from about 5 kHz to a continuous wave, and a spot size of roughly 10 microns to roughly 100 microns. Any or all of the foregoing parameters may change with the type of laser used, as well as the micro-features being created and the physical properties of the textile and/or its fibers.
As another option, the microperforations may be mechanically created by a sufficiently thin awl, needle, or the like. Additional options exist to create microperforations in textiles, as known to those skilled in the art.
As a third option, microperforations 115 may extend at multiple angles and intersect one another in a portion of the textile product 100. This may permit even greater reductions in density of the textile in an internal region where the microperforations intersect. By creating internal regions having reduced density of textile fibers, even when compared to surface regions having reduced fiber density, certain characteristics of the textile may be enhanced while the look, feel and other attributes remain unaffected. For example, internal regions like those described herein may increase the range and/or clarity of sound transmitted through the textile. As yet another option, internal voids 125 may be formed by intersecting microperforations 120 and spacing the microperforations appropriately.
Still another set of microbores 145 is similar to the set 140 in that they extend from opposing or different surfaces of the textile 100. Here, however, the microbores 145 enter the textile surface at angles. Another set of microbores 150 may intersect one another, forming a void 155 or cavity within the textile. Again, the microbores 150 may extend from different surfaces of the textile 100.
By changing the spacing, patterning, diameters or thickness, and depth of the microperforations and/or microbores, the physical characteristics and functionality of the various reduced density regions may be changed. Such regions may be optimized or enhanced for particular functions, such as optical transmission, audio transmission, bendability, weight reduction, and the like. As one non-limiting example, the reduced density regions may form acoustic channels that may not only permit sound to pass through the textile 100, but also may channel sound from an entry point to an exit point. It should be appreciated that the exit point need not be directly across from the entry point. Instead, the shape, angle and other attributes of the microperforations/microbores may channel audio to an exit point that is offset in multiple directions from the audio entry point. This may occur, for example, when the microperforations/microbores are at a non-right angle to a surface of the textile 100.
For example,
The discussion now turns to
Selectively thinning or microperforating the textile sheet 200 in specific volumes 400 (generally corresponding to the reduced density volumes 205) to form a desired pattern may provide certain benefits. For example, the reduced density volumes 205 may be altered to be acoustically transmissive or transparent, or near-transparent, even though the textile itself generally may be an acoustic muffle or baffle. Likewise, the reduced density volumes 400 may be thinned or changed sufficiently by the micro-features to be light-transmissive, at least partially. For example, the unprotected volumes may appear translucent when backlit or may emit a relatively diffuse light, or may be at least partially see-through when backlit. As yet another example, the textile sheet may bend more easily in the reduced density volumes 400 after formation of the microperforations while the full density volumes 405 may retain their original stiffness. Thus, by selectively perforating portions of the textile sheet with a laser or in another fashion, the textile sheet 200 may be configured to provide certain functionality that is otherwise lacking in a standard textile sheet.
First, in operation 605, a characteristic volume is defined on a textile sheet. The characteristic volume may be any portion of the sheet that is to be patterned to produce a reduced fiber density in that volume.
In operation 610, the depth of the micro-feature (e.g., microperforation or microbore) that is to be formed in the characteristic volume is determined. The micro-feature depth may depend on a variety of factors. Sample factors may include the thickness of the textile, the diameter or other physical attribute of the micro-feature, the density of the textile, the resulting property desired for the characteristic, the end use of the textile, and so on.
Next, in operation 615, it is determined if a microperforation or microbore is to be formed. This determination may be based, at least in part, on the depth of the micro-feature determined in operation 610.
If a microperforation is to be formed, this is done in operation 620. Otherwise, a microbore is formed in operation 625. Following either operation 620 or 625, the textile is formed into its final configuration in operation 630. It should be appreciated that multiple holes may be formed, and microperforations and microbores may be mixed together either on the same textile or even in the same reduced density volume/characteristic.
It should be appreciated that a variety of items may be made from a textile fabric 200 selectively treated or processed to form microperforations 105 and/or reduced density volumes 205. For example, a variety of covers or cases may be formed.
The case 700 may also define a light-transmissive section 725. The light-transmissive section may emit light when backlit. For example, when a status indicator is activated, the outputted light may be visible through the light-transmissive section. In some embodiments the light may be visible even though the status indicator is not.
Through multiple microperforation operations, or through the use of varying concentrations of lasers or other perforating elements selectively applied simultaneously, one or more apertures 730 passing through the textile 700 may be formed in the textile material.
It should be appreciated that any number of items may be formed from a textile fabric that is selectively altered in the fashions described herein. For example, textile seat covers for automobiles may be so manufactured. Likewise, grilles or covers for audio elements, such as speakers, may be formed. As still another example, bands or bracelets may be fabricated in this fashion. Covers for other electronic devices, such as telephones and notebook computers, may also be created. Various other products will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading this disclosure in its entirety. Accordingly, the proper scope of protection is set forth in the appended claims.
