Patent Application
20190053556
This invention relates to woven or knit textiles, fibers and yarns (collectively, “textiles”) treated with a chemical composition that inhibits the growth of pathogenic microbes by depriving them of the nutrients needed to sustain growth. Alternatively, the treating composition of the invention can be applied to products manufactured from the textiles. The treated textiles of the invention desirably remain effective for deterring or inhibiting infectious microbial growth following repeated commercial washing cycles. Examples of products that can be made from textiles treated in accordance with the invention include, for example, garments, underwear, linens, blankets, curtains, towels, washcloths, furniture coverings, seat coverings, table cloths, aprons and towels used in medical and dental facilities, schools, publicly used buildings, food preparation areas, public transportation, and the like. A novel tear-away hospital gown that comprises the treated textile of the invention, provides better anatomical coverage and quick access to a patient's frontal anatomy (especially while lying on a hospital bed or gurney) is also disclosed.
Some manufacturers of carpets, footwear, garments and other textile containing products have for many years incorporated organic or inorganic substances and chemicals into their products for so-called “antimicrobial” use in combatting odors such as pet odors, foot and other bodily odors, smoke odors, and the like. Some such substances were intended to oxidize or otherwise break down the odor-producing compounds contributing to the odors to make the treated products smell better to persons situated nearby. Other such substances were intended to mask odors without inhibiting the sustainability or growth of odor-causing bacteria.
Still other manufacturers have produced and marketed disinfectant sprays and liquids for use in treating hard surfaces such as counters, floors, bathroom fixtures, and the like, where infectious microbes might be present. Such disinfectant products are intended to kill microbes on contact, but typically contain harsh chemicals that can also be toxic to humans if breathed, ingested or placed in close contact with human skin, and are not suitable for use treating textiles from which articles such as hospital gowns are made.
More recently, antimicrobial scrubs, nursing uniforms and lab coats that claim to resist or inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast and algae, and minimize odors and stains due to bacteria have been introduced and are commercially available, for example, under the brand names Cherokee, Code Happy, SmartScrubs, Dickies and HeartSoul. Such garments are made, for example, from a 63% polyester/34% cotton/3% spandex poplin; 95% rayon/5% spandex; 55% cotton/43% polyester/2% spandex poplin; 77% polyester/20% rayon/3% spandex twill; and the like, and often carry the following EPA disclaimer:
Some of such products are said to embody Certainty® or Certainty Plus® technology. Both Certainty® and Certainty Plus® are registered trademarks of Strategic Partners, Inc. of Chatsworth, Calif. Certainty Plus® is registered as a trademark for use with antimicrobial treated medical wearing apparel, namely scrub tops, scrub pants, lab coats and gowns. Certainty® technology is said to provide long-lasting effectiveness against unwanted bacteria on the fabric, protection against unpleasant odor and/or musky odor buildup by keeping odor-causing bacterial loads at minimal levels, reducing the amount of bacteria on scrubs during and after launderings. Such treatment is said to use nanotechnology to attach to the individual fibers, delivering superior performance characteristics without compromising the look (hang), feel (hand) or comfort of the fabric, but does not purport to combat the sustainability or growth of pathogenic microbes.
Rohm and Haas Chemicals LLC, a subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Company, has marketed SILVADUR™ 900 Antimicrobial comprising acrylic polymers, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, ammonium hydroxide, silver ion, water, butanol, ammonium nitrate and individual residual monomers, which is said to be dangerous (corrosive, causing tearing, pain, burns, swelling, reddening) to the eyes and skin with the primary routes of entry being inhalation, skin contact, eye contact and dermal absorption. Other compositions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,411,933; 7,390,774; 8,303,821; 8,858,926; and 9,034,352. U.S. Pat. No. 5,027,438 discloses operating room clothing comprising fabrics tested with bacteriostatic compounds. U.S. Pat. No. 9,655,388 discloses articles of clothing that incorporate antibacterial or antifungal agents.
In the medical field, gowns provided by medical care facilities for patient wear have remained substantially unchanged in design for many decades. Such gowns are typically open in the back, often exposing portions of a patient's anatomy, and are tied at the neck in a position behind the patient's head. Such gowns are typically inconvenient and embarrassing to wear, and provide little or no frontal access to medical personnel treating a patient when the patient is lying in bed or on a gurney while wearing such a gown. A hospital gown configured to facilitate quick access to and/or removal from a patient's anatomy by medical personnel is therefore also needed. One article discussing efforts to control the spread of bacteria in hospitals is “Survival of Enterococci and Staphylococci on Hospital Fabrics and Plastics,” Journal of Clinical Microbiology (February 2000, p. 724-726).
Other prior art literature discussing starvation or nutrient deprivation as ways of combatting growth and replication of microbial pathogens include: “An optimal method of iron starvation of the obligate intracellular pathogen, Chlamydia trachomatis,” Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 2, Art. 20 (February 2011) and “Feast or famine: the host-pathogen battle over amino acids,” Cellular Microbiology (2013) 15(7), 1079-1087.
A composition and method are disclosed here that are useful for treating yarns, fibers, textiles and textile-containing products to inhibit the sustainability and growth of pathogenic microbes, specifically including hospital-acquired pathogens such as, for example and without limitation, Enterococci (E. faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum, E. casseliflavus), Staphylococci (S. aureus), CNS (Coagulase-Negative Stapholococci), Clostridium difficile, and the like, that are known to grow and thrive on conventionally treated hospital fabrics and plastic. The invention disclosed here is also more broadly directed toward a composition, method and products that inhibit the sustainability and growth of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi, etc., by subjecting them to a chemical treatment that deprives them of nutrients and allows them to be washed away while the treating composition remains bound to the treated textiles and fibers following repeated cycles of washing and use.
According to one embodiment of the invention, textiles are disclosed that are treated with an amount of treating composition that is desirably sufficient to impregnate or saturate the textile and adhere to the textile upon drying. Satisfactory methods of treating can include, for example, dipping or spraying the textile in such manner and for a sufficient residence time that the textile can become well coated or saturated with the treating composition, and then rolling and drying the treated textile to a desired moisture content for further processing or storage. The treating composition is desirably an aqueous suspension comprising a finely divided, powdered, particulate or ionic dispersion of a metallic component in combination with a miscible polymer component that functions as a matrix, stabilizer or binding agent to hold the metallic component on the textile. The aqueous treating composition is desirably mixed into an application bath preferably comprising acetic acid and having a pH not greater than about 6.5. The metallic component is desirably provided to resist the growth of microbic pathogens on the textile by reducing the availability of nutrients in proximity to the microbes on the textile. The polymer component desirably supports the dispersed metallic component and facilitates attachment of the metallic component to the textile so as to prolong the beneficial effects of treating through repeated cycles of use and washing. Polymeric components that can be used in the invention are believed to include, for example, polymer or copolymers such as polybutylene terephthalate or another effective polyolefin, polyester or polyamide, and preferred metal-containing components desirably comprise finely divided silver, zinc or titanium particles, powder or ions. The metal-containing components can be provided as water soluble, insoluble or amphoteric powders, fillers or salts such as, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silver nitrate, silver chloride, and the like.
According to another embodiment of the invention, a garment such as a hospital gown is disclosed that comprises a textile material treated as described above. Although treating of the textile prior to fabrication of the garment is preferred, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the beneficial effects of the invention can also be achieved by treating fibers, threads or yards prior to forming a woven or non-woven textile, or by treating a fabricated garment prior to storage, sale or use. According to one satisfactory embodiment of the invention, a hospital gown is fabricated that comprises a plurality of non-metal (preferably plastic or nylon) fasteners, such as snap fasteners, that enable the gown to be opened and/or removed to quickly access to the anatomy of a patient as needed to administer medical treatment. Similarly, openings with fasteners permitting easy access to a patient's anatomy can similarly be provided in those portions of a treated gown or other garment where medical treatment may be required.
Various beneficial aspects of the invention are further disclosed, described and explained in relation to the following drawings and exhibits wherein:
Treated textiles (again including woven or knit textiles, fibers or yarns) and textile-containing products are disclosed in this application, with one preferred use for such textiles and products being the healthcare industry, where inhibiting the growth and replication of pathogenic microbes is always a concern. The textile treatment disclosed here is applicable to woven and non-woven materials comprising natural fibers, synthetic fibers and textiles containing blends of natural and synthetic fibers. In addition to controlling the growth and replication of pathogenic microbes by “starving” them as opposed to “killing” them, other objectives desirably achieved through use of the present invention include the development of garments and other textile products that have a good look and feel and that can be laundered commercially through repeated wash cycles while retaining the ability to inhibit the growth and replication of pathogenic microbes. In particular, a novel hospital gown is disclosed here that provides improved anatomical coverage, can be worn safely while inside imaging devices, and is configured for quick (less than about 5 seconds) and easy access to desired portions of a patient's anatomy, and/or removal from a patient to facilitate the rapid delivery of medical care.
The subject textiles are desirably treated by saturating them in a bath comprising an aqueous treating composition containing metal ions (preferably in a finely divided form that is soluble or can be suspended in water) in combination with a soluble or miscible polymeric complexing or binding agent that helps prevent the metal-containing powders from washing away or leaching out of the textiles during use and repeated laundering. Although the mechanism by which the metal-containing powders inhibit the growth and replication of pathogenic microbes on the textile products is not fully understood, prototype textiles have exhibited durability and effectiveness at inhibiting growth of pathogenic microbes that is sustained through repeated laundering cycles (25 to 50 cycles or more at temperatures upward of 170° F. for time periods up to 20 minutes or longer per wash cycle). In one embodiment of the invention, 97% effectiveness for inhibiting the growth and replication of pathogenic microbes on textile samples was achieved after 50 washings.
The subject textiles are desirably sterilized prior to applying the composition of the invention to them, although it will be appreciated that either the treated textile or textile-containing products made with treated textiles can also be sterilized following manufacture if desired or needed for some applications. The treatment process desirably includes dipping, spraying or otherwise coating the textiles to achieve a desired degree of saturation that will likely depend to some extent upon the type, makeup and thread count of the textile or textile blend undergoing treatment and upon the intended use of the treated textile. The bath comprising the aqueous treating composition is desirably maintained at a pH of not greater than about 6.5 and preferably contains a buffering agent such as acetic acid to assist in maintaining the pH of the treated textile at a level that is non-toxic and does not irritate the skin of a patient or other user whose skin is placed in direct contact with a treated textile-containing product.
The treating composition is desirably an aqueous solution or suspension comprising water, a dispersed finely divided or ionic metal-containing component, and a polymeric component that is miscible with the aqueous solution or suspension. The metal component is desirably provided to resist the growth of microbic pathogens on the textile by reducing the availability of nutrients in proximity to the microbes on the textile. The polymeric component is desirably provided to complex with, or otherwise facilitate, binding of the dispersed, metal-containing component to the textile so as to prolong the beneficial effects of treating through repeated cycles of use and washing. A preferred polymer for use in the invention is polybutylene terephthalate or another similarly effective polyolefin, polyester or polyamide, and preferred metal-containing components desirably comprise silver, zinc or titanium. The metal-containing components can be provided as water soluble, insoluble or amphoteric powders, fillers or salts including, for example, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silver nitrate and silver chloride.
A preferred method for treating the textiles is by dipping them in a solution of a bath containing the treating composition for a desired interval either manually or in the form of a web traveling on conveyor rollers that preferably immerse the web for a period sufficient to substantially coat or saturate the textile. Alternatively, the treating composition can be applied to fibers or yarns by repeated spraying to improve penetration into and adherence to the textile, or by utilizing other similarly effective techniques for dipping, coating, saturating or impregnating the textiles with the treating compositions that may be suggested to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading this disclosure. Excess liquid can then be expressed from the treated textile through the use of devices such as calendaring rolls (preferably having polyamide surfaces) that reduce the moisture content of the textile to a predetermined desirable level, followed if needed by drying to a desired final moisture content. Other textile processing steps that can optionally be included are singing, desizing, bleaching, mercerizing, heat setting, polyester dyeing, reduction clearing, cotton dyeing, brushing, fabric finishing, packaging and finished product sterilizing.
The Examples below contain testing parameters and representative test data for a plurality of treated and untreated textile swatches inoculated with various microbial pathogens as detailed below and are believed to be understandable by one of ordinary skill in the art of designing and manufacturing products comprising textiles intended for use or wear in the healthcare industry. The treated textile swatches are satisfactorily prepared by treating them with a suitable composition as described and explained above, and more particularly, using a product marketed under the trademark Silaide™ by N9 World Technologies Pvt. Ltd. that is understood to embody U.S. EPA approved silver chemistry and formulated to produce an aqueous dispersion of non-agglomerated silver chloride.
The test procedure used in each of the Examples is believed to be substantially as follows:
Name of test: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity by AATCC 100-2012
Test Inoculum:
Additional Test Information:
Results:
Fabric swatches in contact with individual test cultures for 24 hrs at 37° C. showed the following results:
Escherichia
coli
aureus
Escherichia
coli
aureus
Remarks:
Fabric labeled as 2060-Silaide Treated Fabric (0) wash has shown 99.65% and 99.91% antimicrobial activity;
Fabric 2060-Silaide Treated Fabric (50 washes) has shown 99.42% and 99.08% antimicrobial activity towards Escherichia coli and Meticillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus respectively when analyzed as per AATCC 100-2012 test Method.
Sample Description: Cotton/Polyester Blended Blue Color Woven Fabric Sample
Purpose of Test: Antiviral Activity of Fabric
Name of Test: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity by AATCC 100-2012
Test Microorganism Information: MS2 Bacteriophage (MS2) is an RNA virus of the family Leviviridae. Escherichia coli 15597 are the hosts for bacteriophages. Due to its environment resistance, MS2 bacteriophages are used as a surrogate virus (particularly in place of Picornaviruses such as Poliovirus and human Norovirus) in water quality and Antimicrobial studies.
Virus: MS2 Bacteriophage
Permissive Host Cell: Escherichia coli ATCC 15597
Test Parameters Used in Study:
Results:
Fabric swatches in contact with individual test cultures for 24 hrs at 37° C. showed the following results:
Remarks:
Fabric labeled as 2060-Silaide Treated Fabric—0 Wash has shown 99.99% reduction of Virus; Fabric 2060-Silaide Treated Fabric—50 Washes has shown 99.98% reduction of Virus when analyzed as per AATCC 100-2012 test Method using MS2 Bacteriophage as surrogate virus.
Sample Description: Cotton/Polyester Blended Blue Color Woven Fabric Sample
Name of Test: Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity by AATCC 100-2012
Test Inoculum: Clostridium difficile ATCC 9689 (2.00×105 CFU/ml)
Additional Test Information:
Results:
Fabric swatches in contact with individual test cultures for 24 hrs at 37° C. showed the following results:
Clostridium
difficile
Remarks:
Fabric labeled as 2060-Silaide Treated Fabric (0 wash) has shown 99.34% antimicrobial activity; Fabric 2060-Silaide Treated Fabric (50 washes) has shown 82.20% antimicrobial activity towards Clostridium difficile respectively when analyzed as per AATCC 100-2012 test method.
A gown illustrative of one embodiment of the present invention and suitable for wear by a medical patient is disclosed in
Although a treated textile-containing product in the form of a hospital gown is depicted in the accompanying
Other alterations and modifications of the invention will likewise become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading this specification in view of the accompanying drawings, and it is intended that the scope of the invention disclosed herein be limited only by the broadest interpretation of the appended claims to which the inventor(s) and/or Applicant are legally entitled.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62547544 | Aug 2017 | US |
