Therapeutic compositions of antibiotic U-44,590 and methods for using the same

Disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions of antibiotic U-44,590 and derivatives thereof which can be used to treat Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial and viral diseases in humans and animals.
Antibiotic U-44,590 is a novel antibiotic producible by culturing the novel actinomycete Streptomyces platensis var. clarensis, NRRL 8035, in an aqueous nutrient medium under aerobic conditions. Various derivatives of U-44,590 can be prepared as disclosed, infra. U-44,590 and its derivatives have the property of adversely affecting the growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, for example, Streptococcus hemolyticus, Klebsiella pneumoni Salmonella Sp., Serratia marcescens, Pasteurella multocida, Hemophilus Sp. Proteus morgani and Proteus rettgeri. Accordingly, U-44,590 and its derivatives can be used alone or in combination with other antibiotic agents to prevent the growth of or reduce the number of bacteria, as disclosed above, in various environments.
U-44,590 and its derivatives are also active against DNA viruses, for example, the Herpes virus and, thus, can be used to control such virus where its presence is not desired.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Chemical and Physical Properties of U-44,590
Elemental Analysis: Calcd. for C.sub.9 H.sub.15 N.sub.3 O.sub.5 : C, 44.08; H, 6.17; N, 17.13. Found: C, 44.14; H, 6.08; N, 17.36.
Molecular Weight: 245 (Determined by mass spectrometry)
Melting Point Range: 141.degree.- 142.degree. C.
Specific Rotation: [.alpha.].sub.D.sup.25 = -5.degree. (c, 0.9030 in H.sub.2 O)
Solubilities: Highly soluble in water, and lower alcohols, for example, methanol and ethanol; relatively insoluble in Me.sub.2 CO, EtOAc, hydrocarbons, CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 and CHCl.sub.3.
Infrared Absorption Spectra: U-44,590 has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum when suspended in a mineral oil mull. Peaks are observed at the following wave lengths expressed in reciprocal centimeters:
______________________________________Band Frequency(Wave Numbers) Intensity______________________________________3440 M3400 M3340 M3190 M3080 M3000 W2960 (N = Nujol) S2930 (N) S2860 (N) S1695 sh. S1683 S1510 M1503 M1483 M1463 (N) S1440 S1421 M1407 M1396 M1375 (N) W1350 M1315 W1300 W1280 W1276 W1262 W1243 S1230 sh. M1195 W1165 W1133 W1093 M1085 W1060 S1011 S 985 M 971 W 943 M 885 W 872 W 849 W 826 W 792 M 755 M 735 W______________________________________ Note: sh means a shoulder band.
U-44,590 also has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum when pressed in a KBr disc. Peaks are observed at the following wave lengths expressed in reciprocal centimeters:
______________________________________Band Frequency(Wave Numbers) Intensity______________________________________3440 S3200 M3080 M3000 W2970 W2960 W2935 W2920 W2870 W1697 sh. S1685 S1510 M1482 M1461 S1437 M1420 M1406 M1396 M1349 W1310 W1298 W1290 W1275 sh. M1263 M1243 S1195 W1165 W1133 W1097 M1085 M1060 M1010 M 985 W 971 W 942 M 883 W 870 W 847 W 827 W 791 M 754 W 733 W______________________________________ Note: sh means a shoulder band.
Infrared band intensities, throughout this disclosure, are indicated as "S", "M", and "W" respectively and are approximated in terms of the backgrounds in the vicinity of the bands. An "S" band is of the same order of intensity as the strongest in the spectrum; "M" bands are between 1/3 and 2/3 as intense as the strongest band; and, "W" bands are less than 1/3 as intense as the strongest band. These estimates are made on the basis of a percent transmission scale.
The following is considered to be the structure of U-44,590: ##STR1## Thus, U-44,590 can be referred to by the trivial name 5,6-dihydro-5-azathymidine, or by its chemical name 1(2-deoxy-.beta.-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-5,6-dihydro-5-methyl-s-triazine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione.
______________________________________Antibacterial Activity of U-44,590 No. ofOrganism Strains Inhibition .mu.g/ml______________________________________Staphylococcus aureus 1 >1000Streptococcus hemolyticus 1 15.2Diplococcus pneumoniae 1 500.Klebsiella pneumoniae 5 2.0 - >1000Salmonella sp. 4 15.6 - >1000Serratia marcescens 2 125Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5 >1000Pasteurella multocida 1 125Hemophilus sp. 5 31.2 - >1000Proteus vulgaris 3 >1000Proteus mirabilis 3 >1000Proteus morgani 3 62.5 - 250Proteus rettgeri 3 31.2 - >1000______________________________________
The above antibacterial spectrum was obtained by a standard agar dilution test with the following media and conditions:
Difco Brain Heart Infusion Medium was used for all test bacteria except P. multocida and Hemophilus species which were grown in Difco Blood Agar Base with 5% defibrinated rabbit blood. All were grown aerobically at 37.degree. C. (except Hemophilus species, grown anaerobically) 16-18 hours. Inocula were grown overnite (16-18 hours) at 37.degree. C. and used to seed agar at the rate of 0.025 ml. of 10.sup..sup.-3 dilution (approximately 2500 to 25,000 bacteria per drop of inoculum).
In vivo testing of U-44,590 in mice infected with selected microorganisms is as follows:
______________________________________ Activity (CD.sub.50 in mg/kg) Mice, IP Challenge Subcutaneous OralOrganism LD.sub.50 Route Route______________________________________Salmonella flexneri 40 38 (25-57) 62.5Escherichia coli 79 141 (116-172) 218 (154-307)Proteus mirabilis 1259 152 (96-240) 101 (66-156)Proteus vulgaris 79 100 (66-152) <62.5 150 .about.30Streptococcus hemo- lyticus 100 -- >160______________________________________
ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF U-44,590
The following is an example of the antiviral activity of antibiotic U-44,590. The antibiotic is administered subcutaneously to mice which are inoculated intravenously with Herpes simplex virus. Treatment is initiated 2 hours prior to viral infection and is followed by treatment four times daily for five consecutive days. A detailed account of the materials and methods and results are as follows:
Male mice, weighing approximately 20 gm. each, are divided into 4 groups of 20. Group 1 is treated with saline, Group 2 with 400 mg./kg./dose (mkd) U-44,590, Group 3 with 200 mkd U-44,590, and Group 4 with 100 mkd U-44,590. The antibiotic is dissolved in saline and administered subcutaneously in the nape of the neck at 8 a.m., 12 noon, 4 p.m., and 8 p.m. on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4. Herpes virus at 10.sup..sup.-1.5 dilution, 0.05 ml/mouse, equivalent to a viral dose of 40 LD.sub.50 s, is inoculated into the tail vein at 10 a.m. on day 0. Paralysis and death are recorded daily.
Hind leg paralysis usually preceded death by 1-2 days. All mice died that became paralyzed. Death pattern of the 4 groups, as shown in the curves which follow, illustrates the dose response obtained. Statistical analysis of the results at day 11 indicates that all 3 treated groups are significantly different from the control group (1). ##STR2##
THE MICROORGANISM
The microorganism used for the production of U-44,590 is Streptomyces platensis var. clarensis, NRRL 8035. A subculture of this microorganism can be obtained from the permanent collection of the Northern Regional Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Peoria, Illinois, U.S.A.
The microorganism of this invention was studied and characterized by Alma Dietz of the Upjohn Research Laboratories.
A new soil isolate with hygroscopic spore masses, but with smooth, hat-shaped (crescent) or brazil-nut-shaped -shaped (elliptical) spores, has been found to differ in certain characteristics from the type culture Streptomyces platensis. An outstanding difference of the new culture is the production of antibiotic U-44,590. The new isolate can be recognized as a variant of Streptomyces platensis by its cultural, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics. Therefore, it is proposed that this new isolate be designated Streptomyces platensis var. clarensis Dietz var. nova. Rule 7 of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria [ International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria. 1966. Edited by the Editorial Board of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Nomenclature of Bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 16: 459- 490] was applied in designating the variety epithet.
Streptomyces platensis var. clarensis is compared with the type species Streptomyces platensis Pittenger and Gottlieb [Shirling, E. B., and D. Gottlieb. 1968. Cooperative description of type cultures of Streptomyces III. Additional species descriptions from first and second studies. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 18:279-392] [Tresner, H. D., E. J. Backus, and Jean A. Hayes. 1967. Morphological spore types in the Streptomyces hygroscopicus-like complex. Appl. Microbiol. 15:637-639] NRRL 2369, and two recently characterized strains: Streptomyces platensis NRRL 3593 [Evans, Ralph Henry Jr., and Samuel Owen Thomas. 1971. Antibiotics AH272.alpha..sub.2 and AH272.beta..sub.2 and process for producing same. U.S. Pat. 3,592,925] and Streptomyces platensis NRRL 3761 [Okuda, Tomohau, and Shigemi Awatagouchi. 1973. Antibiotics YL 704 and preparation thereof. U.S. Pat. No. 3,718,742] .
Color characteristics: Aerial growth white to yellow to gray. Moist black hygroscopic patches on some media. Melanin-negative. Appearance on Ektachrome [Dietz, A. 1954. Ektachrome transparencies as aids in actinomycete classification. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 60:152-154] is given in Table 1. Reference color characteristics are given in Tables 2 and 3. The new culture may be placed in the White (W), Yellow (Y), and Gray (GY) color series of Tresner and Backus [Tresner, H. D., and E. J. Backus. 1963. System of color wheels for streptomycete taxonomy. Appl. Microbiol. 11:335-338].
Microscopic characteristics: Spore chains in tight spirals uncoiling to long open spirals. Spore chains spiral (S) in the sense of Pridham et al. [Pridham, T. G., C. W. Hesseltine, and R. G. Benedict. 1958. A guide for the classification of streptomycetes according to selected groups. Placement of strains in morphological sections. Appl. Microbiol. 6:52-79]. Spore hat-shaped (crescent) or Brazil-nut (elliptical) shaped. Spores are the platensis-type of Tresner and Backus [Tresner, H. D., E. J. Backus, and Jean A. Hayes. 1967. Morphological spore types in the Streptomyces hygroscopicus-like complex. Appl. Microbiol. 15:637-639]. Spore silhouette smooth by direct observation with the electron microscope. Spore surface ridged with surface markings by the carbon replication technique of Dietz and Mathews [Dietz, A. and J. Mathews. 1962. Taxonomy by carbon replication. I. An examination of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Appl. Microbiol. 10:258-263] .
Cultural and biochemical characteristics: See Table 4, infra. Carbon utilization: Growth on carbon compounds was determined in the synthetic medium of Pridham and Gottlieb [Pridham, T. G., and D. Gottlieb. 1948. The utilization of carbon compounds by some Actinomycetales as an aid for species determination. J. Bacteriol. 56:107-114], Table 5 and in the synthetic medium of Shirling and Gottlieb [Shirling, E. B. and D. Gottlieb. 1966. Methods for characterization of Streptomyces species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 16:313-340], Table 6.
Temperature: The cultures grew well at 18.degree.- 37.degree. C. on Bennet's, Czapek's sucrose, maltose-tryptone, and Hickey-Tresner agars. Optimum growth was at 24.degree.- 37.degree. C. The new culture and the type culture did not grow at 45.degree.- 55.degree. C. The cultures designated NRRL 3593 and NRRL 3761 grew at 45.degree. C. but not at 55.degree. C.
Antibiotic-producing properties: See Table 7, infra.
Source: Soil
Type culture: Streptomyces platensis Pittenger and Gottlieb NRRL 2364.
Type variety: Streptomyces platensis var. platensis NRRL 2364.
Variety: Streptomyces platensis var. clarensis Dietz var. nova.
Table 1__________________________________________________________________________Appearance of Streptomyces platensis Cultures on Ektachrome* De- ter- mi- na- S. platensis var. S. platensis S. platensisAgar medium tion clarensis NRRL 8035 NRRL 2364 NRRL 3593__________________________________________________________________________Bennett's S Lavender-gray with Lavender-gray lavender-gray black patches R Cream-yellow-pink Pink-tan YellowCzapek's sucrose S Lavender-gray-white Lavender-gray Lavender-gray-white R Cream-yellow Pale pink-gray Bright yellowMaltose-tryptone S Lavender-gray with Lavender-gray Lavender-gray black patches R Cream-yellow-pink Pink-tan Yellow-tanPeptone-iron S Trace gray-white Trace lavender-gray Trace gray R Cream yellow Yellow Yellow-tan0.1% Tyrosine S Trace gray with Pale Lavender-gray Trace gray black patches R Pale yellow Pink-tan ColorlessCasein starch S Lavender-gray Lavender-gray Lavender-gray R Pale cream Pale gray-yellow Cream__________________________________________________________________________ S = Surface R = Reverse *Dietz, A. 1954. Ektachrome transparencies as aids in actinomycete classification. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 60:152-154
Table 2__________________________________________________________________________Reference Color Characteristics of Streptomyces platensis__________________________________________________________________________Cultures De- ter- Color Harmony Manual 3rd ed. 1948* mi- S. platensis na- v. clarensis S. platensis S. platensis S. platensisAgar Medium tion NRRL 8035 NRRL 2364 NRRL 3593 NRRL 3761__________________________________________________________________________Bennett's S 2lh(g) to d(g) 2fe(m) 2dc(m) 2dc(m) R 2fb(g) 3gc(g) 1 1/2gc(g) 2ec(g) P -- -- -- --Czapek's S a(g) to 2ba(g) 3ge(m) 2ba(m) b(m)sucrose R 2fb(g) 3ge(g) 1 1/2ic(g) 2ca(g) P -- -- -- --Maltose- S 3fe(g) 2ge(m) to b(m) 2dc(m) 2dc(m)tryptone R 1 1/2fb(g) 2gc(m) 1 1/2gc(g) 2gc(m) P -- -- -- --Hickey- S 3ll(m) to 3fe(m) 3ig(m) 2dc(m) 3ge(m)Tresner R lec(g) to 2ie(g) 2ec(m) 1 1/2gc(g) 2ec(m) P -- -- -- --Yeast extract- S 3ig(m) 3ge(m) 2dc(m) to 2ba(m) 3ge(m)malt extract R lec(g) 3ie(g) 1 1/2lc(g) 2gc(m)(ISP-2) P -- -- 1 1/2lg(m) --Oatmeal S 3ig(m) 3ig(m) 3ge(m) 3li(m)(ISP-3) R lec(g) 3ie(g) 2gc(g) 2ca(g) P -- -- -- --Inorganic S 3li(m) to 3ge(m) 3li(m) 2dc(m) 2ge(m)salts-starch R 2fb(g) 2ca(m) to 3ie(m) 2ec(g) 2ec(g)(ISP-4) P 2gc(g) 3ie-trace -- --Glycerol- S b(m) 3ge(m) 2ba(g) 2ba(m)asparagine R 2ec(g) 2gc(m) 2fb(m) 3ca(g)(ISP-5) P -- -- -- --__________________________________________________________________________ *Jacobson, E., W.C. Granville, and C.E. Foss. 1948. Color harmony manual, 3rd ed. Container Corporation of America, Chicago, Illinois?
Reference Color Characteristics of Streptomyces platensis Cultures De- ter- NBS Circular 553, 1955** mi- S. platensis na- v. clarensis S. platensis S. platensis S. platensisAgar Medium tion NRRL 8035 NRRL 2364 NRRL 3593 NRRL 3761__________________________________________________________________________Bennett's S 112m,113g 94g,112gm 93gm 93gm R 87g,89m 76gm 102g,105gm 90gm P -- -- -- --Czapek's S 263gm,92gm 79m,94m 92gm 263gm,92gmsucrose R 87g,89m 79m,94m 87gm 89gm P -- -- -- --Maltose- S 63gm 94m,109gm, 93gm 93gmtryptone 263m,264g R 87g 90gm 102g,105gm 90gm P -- -- -- --Hickey- S 80m,95g 80m,95g 93gm 79m,94mTresner R 121m,122g,91gm 90gm 102g,105gm 90gm 94g,106g P -- -- -- --Yeast extract- S 80m,95g 79m,94m 93gm,92gm 79m,94mmalt extract R 121m,122g 76m,77g 87m 90gm(ISP-2) P -- -- -- --Oatmeal S 80m,95g 80m,95g 79m,94m 80m,95g(ISP-3) R 121m,122g 76m,77g 90gm 89gm P -- -- -- --Inorganic S 80m,95g 80m,95g 93gm 94m,109gsalts-starch R 87g,89m 89gm,76m,77g 90gm 90gm(ISP-4) P 90gm 76m,77g -- --Glycerol- S 263m,264g 79m,94m 92gm 92gmasparagine R 90gm 90gm 87g,89m 73gm(ISP-5) P -- -- -- --__________________________________________________________________________ **Kelly, K.L., and D.B. Judd. 1955. The ISCC-NBS Method of designating colors and a dictionary of color names. U.S. Dept. Comm. Circ. 553 S = Surface R = Reverse P = Pigment (g) = glossy chip surface (m) = matte chip surface
Table 3__________________________________________________________________________Color Code for Table 2Color Harmony Manual 3rd ed. 1948* NBS Circular 553, 1955**Color Chip Color Name Color Chip Color Name__________________________________________________________________________a White 263 gm Whiteb Oyster white 263 m White 264 g Light graylec Light citron gray, putty 121 m Pale yellow-green 122 g Grayish yellow-green1 1/2fb Pastel yellow 87 g Moderate yellow1 1/2gc Dusty yellow 102 g Moderate greenish yellow 105 gm Grayish greenish yellow1 1/2ic Light antigue gold 87 gm Moderate yellow1 1/2lc Gold1 1/2lg Golden olive 107 g Moderate olive2ba Pearl, shell tint 92 gm Yellowish white2ca Light ivory, eggshell 89 gm Light yellow2dc Natural, string 93 gm Yellowish gray2ec Biscuit, ecru, oatmeal, sand 90 gm Grayish yellow2fb Bamboo, buff, straw, wheat 87 g Moderate yellow 89 m Pale yellow2fe Silver gray 94 g Light olive brown 112 gm Light olive gray2gc Bamboo, chamois 90 gm Grayish yellow2ge Covert tan, griege 90 gm Grayish yellow2ie Light mustard tan 91 gm Dark grayish yellow 94 g Light olive brown 106 g Light olive2ih Dark covert gray 112 m Light olive gray 113 g Olive gray3ca Pearl pink, shell 73 gm Pale orange yellow3fe Silver gray 63 gm Light brownish gray3gc Light tan 76 gm Light yellowish brown3ge Beige, camel 79 m Light grayish yellowish brown 94 m Light olive brown3ie Camel, maple sugar, tan 76 m Light yellowish brown 77 g Moderate yellowish brown3ig Beige brown, mist brown 80 m Grayish yellowish brown 95 g Moderate olive brown3li Beaver 80 m Grayish yellowish brown 95 g Moderate olive brown__________________________________________________________________________ * Jacobson, E., W.C. Granville, and C.E. Foss. 1948. Color harmony manual 3rd ed. Container Corporation of America, Chicago, Illinois **Kelly, K.L., and D.B. Judd. 1955. The ISCC-NBS method of designating colors and a dictionary of color names. U.S. Dept. Comm. Circ. 553
Table 4__________________________________________________________________________Cultural and Biochemical Characteristics of Streptomyces platensisCultures S. platensis v. clarensis S. platensis S. platensis S. platensisMedium Determination NRRL 8035 NRRL 2364 NRRL 3593 NRRL__________________________________________________________________________ 3761AgarPeptone-iron S Pale gray -- Pale gray Pale gray-pink R Pale olive-tan Tan Yellow-tan Yellow P -- -- Yellow -- O Melanin-negative Melanin-negative Melanin-negative Melanin-negativeCalcium malate S Pale gray Pale tan Pale gray Pale gray-white R Gray Pale tan Gray Gray P -- -- -- -- O Malate not Malate not Malate not Malate slightly solubilized solubilized solubilized solubilizedGlucose asparagin S Trace pale gray Pale pink-tan Pale gray-pink Gray-white R Pale olive-tan Pink-tan Pale yellow-tan Pale salmon P Pale yellow -- -- --Skim milk S Pale gray-pink Pale pink on Pale gray on Trace white on edge edge edge R Orange-tan Pale orange Pale orange Yellow P Orange-tan Pale orange Yellow-orange Yellow O Casein not Casein not Casein not Casein not solubilized solubilized solubilized solubilizedTyrosine S Pale gray-pink white Pale gray-cream Pale gray-pink R Yellow Yellow Yellow Orange-tan P Yellow Yellow Yellow Orange-tan O Tyrosine Tyrosine Tyrosine Tyrosine solubilized solubilized solubilized solubilizedXanthine S Pale gray-pink White Pale gray Pale gray-pink R Yellow Pale yellow Pale yellow Yellow P -- -- Pale yellow -- O Xanthine slightly Xanthine sligthtly Xanthine not Xanthine solu- solubilized solubilized solubilized bilized under under growth under growth growthNutrient starch S Pale gray-pink Pale pink Pale gray-pink Pale gray-pink R Yellow Yellow Lemon-yellow Pale yellow P -- -- Yellow -- O Starch hydrolyzed Starch hydrolyzed Starch hydrolyzed Starch hydrolyzedYeast extract- S Gray with Pale pink-tan White Pale gray-pinkmalt extract black patches R Yellow-tan Red-tan Deep yellow Yellow P Yellow Yellow Yellow --Bennett's S Lavender-gray Lavender-gray Pale lavender- Heavy gray with black with black gray patches patches R Olive-gray Red-tan Light olive Cream-tan P Pale yellow- Pink-tan Light olive -- oliveCzapek's sucrose S Gray-white Gray-black in White Sparse gray- center, light white R Yellow Gray-green Yellow Cream P Pale yellow -- Yellow --Maltose-tryptone S Lavender-gray Pale gray Gray-white Gray-white R Olive-green Cream-yellow- Olive Pale olive-cream P Olive-yellow Pale yellow Pale olive Pale tanAgarHickey-Tresner S Gray with black Black with gray Deep gray-white Gray with black(modified) center edge patches R Olive Olive-tan Light olive Pale olive-cream P -- Pale olive Light olive --Peptone-yeast S Pale gray -- Trace white --extract-iron R Yellow Pale yellow Yellow Yellow(ISP-6) O Melanin-negative Melanin-negative Melanin-negative Melanin-negativeTyrosine (ISP-7) S Gray with black Gray with black Pale gray-white Pale salmon patches patches R Pale olive Pale cream-pink Pale olive Pale red-tan O Melanin-negative Melanin-negative Melanin-negative Melanin-negativeGelatinPlain S White Colorless vege- Colorless vege- Colorless vege- tative growth tative growth tative growth P Yellow Trace tan Trace brown -- O Trace liquefaction No liquifaction No liquefaction No liquefactionNutrient S Trace vegetative Colorless vege- White White growth tative growt P -- -- Trace yellow -- O Trace liquefac- Trace to no No liquefaction No liquefaction tion liquefactionBrothSynthetic nitrate O Trace bottom Colorless sur- Trace bottom Trace bottom growth face pellicle growth growth Nitrate not re- and bottom Nitrate not re- Nitrate reduced duced to nitrite growth duced to nitrite to nitrite Nitrate not re- duced to nitriteNutrient nitrate O Trace white Trace white Trace bottom Trace bottom surface ring surface ring growth growth Flocculent Flocculent Nitrate not Nitrate reduced bottom growth bottom growth reduced to to nitrite Nitrate not re- Nitrate not re- nitrite duced to nitrite duced to nitriteBrothLitmus milk 0 Surface pellicle Surface pellicle Surface pellicle Surface pellicle Litmus reduced No change Partial peptoni- Partial peptoni- Partial peptoni- pH 6.8 zation pH 7.0 zation pH 6.8 zation coagula- tion pH 7.0__________________________________________________________________________ S = surface R = reverse P = pigment O = other characteristics
Table 5__________________________________________________________________________Utilization of Carbon by Streptomyces platensis Culturesin the Synthetic Medium of Pridham and Gottlieb*__________________________________________________________________________ S. platensis v. clarensis S. platensis S. platensis S. platensis NRRL 8035 NRRL 2364 NRRL 3593 NRRL 3761__________________________________________________________________________ CONTROL (no carbon) (-) (+) (-) (-) compound added) 1. D-Xylose + + (+) (+) 2. L-Arabinose (+) (+) (+) (-) 3. Rhamnose (-) (+) (-) (-) 4. D-Fructose + + + + 5. D-Galactose + + + + 6. D-Glucose .degree. + + + 7. D-Mannose + + + + 8. Maltose + + + + 9. Sucrose + + + +10. Lactose + + + +11. Celloboise + + + (-)12. Raffinose + (+) + +13. Dextrin + + + +14. Inulin (-) (-) (-) (-)15. Soluble starch + + + +16. Glycerol + + + +17. Dulcitol (-) (+) (-) (-)18. D-Mannitol + + + +19. D-Sorbitol + + + +20. Inositol + + + +21. Salicin - - - (-)22. Phenol - - - -23. Cresol - - - -24. Na Formate - - - -25. Na Oxalate (-) (-) - -26. Na Tartrate (-) (-) (-) (-)27. Na Salicylate - - - -28. Na Acetate (+) (+) (-) (+)29. Na Citrate + (+) (+) (+)30. Na Succinate + (+) (+) (+)__________________________________________________________________________ + = Good utilization (+) = Poor utilization (-) = Doubtful utilization - = No utilization *Pridham, i.G., and D. Gottlieb. 1948. The utilization of carbon compound by some Actino-mycetales as an aid for species determination. J. Bacteriol. 56:107-114
Table 6__________________________________________________________________________Utilization of Carbon Compounds by Streptomyces platensis Culturesin the Synthetic Medium of Shirling and Gottlieb* S. platensis v. clarensis S. platensis S. platensis S. platensis NRRL 8035 NRRL 2364 NRRL 3593 NRRL 3761__________________________________________________________________________CONTROLSNegative-basal Slight growth Slight growth Slight growth Slight growth mediumPositive-basal Good growth Good growth Good growth Good growth medium plus D-glucoseCARBON COMPOUNDSL-Arabinose ++ ++ ++ +Sucrose ++ ++ ++ ++D-Xylose + + .+-. .+-.Inositol ++ ++ ++ ++D-Mannitol ++ ++ ++ ++D-Fructose ++ ++ ++ ++Rhamnose .+-. .+-. .+-. .+-.Raffinose ++ ++ ++ ++Cellulose - - - -__________________________________________________________________________ ++ Strong utilization + Positive utilization + Utilization doubtful - Utilization negative *Shirling, E. B., and D. Gottlieb. 1966. Methods for characterization of Streptomyces species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 16:313-340
Table 7______________________________________Antibiotics Produced by Streptomyces platensis Cultures S. platensis v. clarensis S. platensis S. platensis S. platensis NRRL NRRL NRRL NRRLAntibiotic 8035 2364 3593 3761______________________________________U-44,590 +Oxytetra- +cyclineAH272.alpha..sub.2 +AH272.beta..sub.2 +YL-704 +______________________________________
The new compound of the invention is produced when the elaborating organism is grown in an aqueous nutrient medium under submerged aerobic conditions. It is to be understood, also, that for the preparation of limited amounts surface cultures and bottles can be employed. The organism is grown in a nutrient medium containing a carbon source, for example, an assimilable carbohydrate, and a nitrogen source, for example, an assimilable nitrogen compound or proteinaceous material. Preferred carbon sources include glucose, brown sugar, sucrose, glycerol, starch, cornstarch, lactose, dextrin, molasses, and the like. Preferred nitrogen sources include cornsteep liquor, yeast, autolyzed brewer's yeast with milk solids, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, cornmeal, milk solids, pancreatic digest of casein, fish meal, distillers' solids, animal peptone liquors, meat and bone scraps, and the like. Combinations of these carbon and nitrogen sources can be used advantageously. Trace metals, for example, zinc, magnesium, manganese, cobalt, iron, and the like, need not be added to the fermentation media since tap water and unpurified ingredients are used as components of the medium prior to sterilization of the medium.
Production of the compound of the invention can be effected at any temperature conducive to satisfactory growth of the microorganism, for example, between about 18.degree. and 40.degree. C., and preferably between about 20.degree. and 32.degree. C. Ordinarily, optimum production of the compound is obtained in about 5 to 15 days. The medium normally remains neutral during the fermentation. The final pH is dependent, in part, on the buffers present, if any and in part on the initial pH of the culture medium.
When growth is carried out in large vessels and tanks, it is preferable to use the vegetative form, rather than the spore form, of the microorganism for inoculation to avoid a pronounced lag in the production of the new compound and the attendant inefficient utilization of the equipment. Accordingly, it is desirable to produce a vegetative inoculum in a nutrient broth culture by inoculating this broth culture with an aliquot from a soil, liquid N.sub.2 agar plug, or a slant culture. When a young, active vegetative inoculum has thus been secured, it is transferred aseptically to large vessels or tanks. The medium in which the vegetative inoculum is produced can be the same as, or different from, that utilized for the production of the new compound, so long as a good growth of the microorganism is obtained.
A variety of procedures can be employed in the isolation and purification of the compound of the subject invention, for example, solvent extraction, partition chromatography, silica gel chromatography, liquid-liquid distribution in a Craig apparatus, absorption on resins, and crystallization from solvents.
In a preferred recovery process the compound of the subject invention is recovered from the culture medium by separation of the mycelia and undissolved solids by conventional means, such as by filtration or centrifugation. The antibiotic is recovered from the filtered or centrifuged broth by adsorption on activated carbon. The activated carbon is then washed with water to remove some impurities. This is followed by elutions with acetone: water solutions which remove the antibiotic from the activated carbon. The acetone in the eluates is removed, advantageously by evaporation, and the remaining aqueous residue is lyophilized to afford a crude preparation of antibiotic U-44,590.
A preferred purification procedure is to subject a crude preparation of U-44,590, as described above, to chromatography on silica gel from which U-44,590 is eluted. Fractions which show activity against the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae on a standard agar plate test, are pooled and taken to dryness to yield a relatively pure preparation of U-44,590. Further purification is achieved by acetylation to a crystalline diacetate derivative of U-44,590. Zemplen [G. Zemplen and E. Pacsu, Ber., 62, 1613 (1929)] de-esterification (trans-esterification) with sodium methoxide in methanol, and neutralization of the catalytic amount of base with carbon dioxide gives the free antibiotic U-44,590 which crystallizes readily from methanol-ethyl acetate to give a pure preparation of U-44,590.
Antibiotic U-44,590 is active against Streptococcus hemolyticus and, thus, can be used to disinfect instruments, utensils or surfaces when contaminated with this microorganism, where the inactivation of this microogranism is desirable. Also, U-44,590 is active against Escherichia coil and can be used to reduce, arrest, and/or eradicate slime production in papermill systems because of its antibacterial action against this bacterium. Antibiotic U-44,590 can also be used to prolong the life of cultures of Trichomonas foetus, Trichomonas hominis, and Trichomonas vaginalis by freeing them of Escherichia coli contamination. Further, U-44,590 can be used to inhibit the growth of E. coli in hospital flower vases where it has been reported to exist and present a hazard to hospital patients. See Clinical Medicine, February, 1974, page 9.
Novel acyl derivatives of U-44,590, as disclosed herein, can be used for the same antibiotic purposes as U-44,590 in environments possessing means to deacylate the compound to U-44,590. Thus, the acyl derivatives of U-44,590 can be used to treat laboratory mice infected with Gram-negative bacteria, for example, E. coli, as disclosed herein. Further acyl derivatives of U-44,590 can be used, advantageously, to upgrade U-44,590. This is accomplished by acylating U-44,590, recovering the acylated compound relatively free of impurities, then deacylating the acylated U-44,590 to give U-44,590 in a more purified form.
The following illustrate the use in formulations of the compositions of the present invention. All percentages are by weight and all liquid solvent mixture proportions are by volume unless otherwise noted. Though the following is specific to U-44,590, it is intended that the same be applicable to derivatives of U-44,590, as disclosed herein.
The compositions of the present invention are preferably presented for administration to humans and animals in unit dosage forms, such as tablets coated and uncoated, capsules hard and soft, powders, granules, suppositories, sterile parenteral solutions or suspensions, and oral solutions or suspensions, containing suitable quantities of antibiotic U-44,590.
For oral administration either solid or fluid unit dosage forms can be prepared. For preparing solid compositions such as tablets, the principal active ingredient is mixed with conventional ingredients such as talc, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, magnesium aluminum silicate, starch, lactose, acacia, methylcellulose, and functionally similar materials as pharmaceutical diluents or carriers. The tablets can be coated or left uncoated. Suitable coatings include a sealing coat of shellac, a carbohydrate coating (such as sugar or methylcellulose), and a lipid polish coating such as carnauba wax. Special coatings can comprise (a) lipid-type coating of a semipermeable nature for delaying absorption of the active ingredient to provide sustained action or (b) enteric substances, such as styrene-maleic acid copolymer and cellulose acetate phthalate, to resist release of the active ingredient in the stomach and permit release in the upper intestine. In their simplest embodiment, capsules, like tablets, are prepared by mixing the antibiotic with an inert pharmaceutical diluent and filling the mixture into a hard gelatin capsule of appropriate size. Soft gelatin capsules are prepared by machine encapsulation of a slurry of the antibiotic with corn oil, light liquid petrolatum or other inert oil.
Fluid unit dosage forms for oral administration such as emulsions, syrups, elixirs, and suspensions can be prepared. Emulsions can be oil-in-water or water-in-oil type and contain the active ingredient in the required amount with acceptable emulsifying agents, such as gum acacia, gum tragacanth, and the like. The water-soluble forms can be dissolved in an aqueous vehicle together with sugar, aromatic flavoring agents and preservatives to form a syrup. An elixir is prepared by using a hydroalcoholic (ethanol) vehicle with suitable sweeteners such as sugar and saccharin, together with an aromatic flavoring agent. Suspensions can be prepared of the insoluble forms in an aqueous vehicle with the aid of a suspending agent such as acacia, tragacanth, methylcellulose and the like.
Topical ointments can be prepared by dispersing the antibiotic in a suitable ointment base such as petrolatum, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, mixtures thereof, and the like. Advantageously, the antibiotic is finely divided by means of a colloid mill utilizing light liquid petrolatum as a levigating agent prior to dispersing in the ointment base. Topical creams and lotions are prepared by dispersing the antibotic in the oil phase prior to the emulsification of the oil phase in water.
For parenteral administration, fluid unit dosage forms are prepared utilizing the antibiotic and a sterile vehicle, water being preferred. The antibiotic, depending on the form and concentration used, can be either suspended or dissolved in the vehicle. In preparing solutions the water-soluble antibiotic can be dissolved in water for injection and filter sterilized before filling into a suitable vial or ampul and sealing. Advantageously, adjuvants such as a local anesthetic, preservative and buffering agents can be dissolved in the vehicle. To enhance the stability, the composition can be frozen after filling into the vial and the water removed under vacuum. The dry lyophilized powder is then sealed in the vial and an accompanying vial of water for injection is supplied to reconstitute the injectable solution prior to use. Parenteral suspensions are prepared in substantially the same manner except that the antibiotic is suspended in the vehicle instead of being dissolved and sterilization cannot be accomplished by filtration. The antibiotic can be sterilized by exposure to ethylene oxide before suspending in the sterile vehicle. Advantageously, a surfactant or wetting agent is included in the composition to facilitate uniform distribution of the antibiotic. For the treatment of animals by oral administration, the active ingredient is conveniently prepared in the form of a food premix. The food premix can comprise the active ingredient in admixture with an edible diluent such as starch, oatmeal, flour, calcium carbonate, talc, dried fish meal and like non-toxic, orally-acceptable diluents. The prepared premix is then added to the regular feed, thereby supplying the included medication to the animal in the course of feeding.
In addition to the administration of the compound of the Formula I as the principal active ingredient of compositions for the treatment of the conditions described herein, the said compound can be included with other types of compounds to obtain advantageous combinations of properties. Such combinations include a compound of the Formula I with antibiotics such as spectinomycin, chloramphenicol, novobiocin, dihydronovobiocin, tetracyclines (e.g., tetracycline, oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline), penicillins, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, neomycin, polymyxin, bacitracin, nystatin, filipin, fumagillin and endomycin to broaden the bacterial spectrum of the composition and for synergistic action against particular bacteria; analgesics such as aspirin, sodium salicylate, (acetylsalicylic acid)-anhydride, N-acetylp-aminophenol and salicylamide; antihistamines, such as chlorpheniramine maleate, diphenhydramine, promethazine, pyrathiazine, and the like; sulfas, such as sulfadiazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamerazine, sulfacetamide, sulfadimethyloxazole, sulfamethizole, and the like; antifungals such as undecylenic acid, sodium propionate, salicylanilide, sodium caprylate, and hexetidine; antivirals such as cytarabine compound or amantidine; and the vitamins.
The term unit dosage form as used in the specification and claims refers to physically discrete units suitable as unitary dosages for human subjects and animals, each unit containing a predetermined quantity of active material calculated to produce the desired therapeutic effect in association with the required pharmaceutical diluent, carrier or vehicle. The specifications for the novel unit dosage forms of this invention are dictated by and directly dependent on (a) the unique characteristics of the active material and the particular therapeutic effect to be achieved, and (b) the limitations inherent in the art of compounding such an active material for therapeutic use in humans and animals, as disclosed in detail in this specification, these being features of the present invention. Examples of suitable unit dosage forms in accord with this invention are tablets, capsules, troches, suppositories, powder packets, granules, wafers, cachets, teaspoonsful, tablespoonsful, droppersful, ampuls, vials, segregated multiples of any of the foregoing, and other forms as herein described.
The dosage of V-44,590 for treatment depends on route of administration; the age, weight, and condition of the patient; and the particular disease to be treated. For adults, a dosage schedule of from about 100 to 1,000 mg., 1 to 4 times daily (every six hours), embraces the effective range for the treatment of most conditions. For severe conditions, up to 10 Gm. or more a day can be used in divided doses. For infants the dosage is calculated on the basis of 10 mg./kg., by weight, and for children 15 to 25 mg./kg., to be administered every six hours.
The antibiotic U-44,590 is compounded with a suitable pharmaceutical carrier in unit dosage form for convenient and effective administration. In the preferred embodiments of this invention, the dosage units contain antibiotic U-44,590 in 25, 50, 100, 200, 350 and 500 mg. amounts for systemic treatment and in 0.25, 0.5, 1., 2. and 5% amounts for topical or localized treatment and in 5 to 65% w/v for parenteral preparations. The dosage of compositions containing antibiotic V-44,590 and one or more other active ingredients is to be determined with reference to the usual dosage of each such ingredient. A dose of from about 2.5 mg./kg./day to about 100 mg./kg./day is preferred for systemic treatment.
The following examples are illustrative of the process and products of the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting. All percentages are by weight and solvent mixture proportions are by volume unless otherwise noted.

EXAMPLE 1
Part A. Fermentation
A soil stock of Streptomyces platensis var. clarensis. NRRL 8035, is used to inoculate a series of 500-ml. Erlenmeyer flasks, each containing 100 ml. of sterile seed medium consisting of the following ingredients:
______________________________________Glucose monohydrate 10 Gm/1Bacto Peptone (Difco) 10 Gm/1Bacto Yeast Extract (Difco) 2.5 Gm/1Deionized water Balance______________________________________
The flasks are grown for 2 days at 28.degree. C. on a Gump rotary shaker operating at 250 r.p.m.
Seed inoculum, described above, is used to inoculate a series of 600 ml. Erlenmeyer flasks each containing 100 ml. of sterile fermentation medium. The inoculation rate is 5 ml. of seed inoculum per 100 ml. of fermentation medium. The fermentation medium consists of the following ingredients:
______________________________________Brer Rabbit Molasses(RJR Foods Inc., N.Y., N.Y. 10017) 20 mlYeast Extract (Difco, Detroit,Michigan) 1 Gm/1Glucose monohydrate 10 Gm/1Dextrin (Corn Products Co. Inter-national Inc., InternationalPlaza, Englewood Cliffs, NewJersey 07632) 10 Gm/1Proteose Peptone No. 3 (Difco) 10 Gm/1Tap water q.s. Balance______________________________________
The presterilization pH is 7.0. The inoculated fermentation flasks are incubated at a temperature of 28.degree. C. on a Gump rotary shaker operating at 250 r.p.m. with a 21/2 inch stroke. Ucon antifoam (a synthetic defoamer supplied by Union Carbide, N.Y., N.Y.) is used if needed. Harvest is usually after 5 to 12 days of fermentation.
The antibiotic titer of the fermentation beer can be monitored by an agar plate disc assay using the bacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae. This bacterium is inoculated into the assay agar (Streptomycin Assay Agar, BBL, Cockeysville, Maryland 21030) of the following compositions:
______________________________________Beef extract 1.5 Gm/literYeast extract 3.0 Gm/literGelysate Peptone, supplied byBaltimore Biological Laboratories 6.0 Gm/literAgar 15.0 Gm/literDeionized H.sub.2 O Balanceadjust pH to 7.9______________________________________
Sterilize at 121.degree. C. (15 lbs. steam pressure) for 15 minutes.
Phosphate buffer (0.1N pH 6.0) is used as the diluent. The agar plates are incubated at 37.degree. C. for 16-18 hours. Presence of antibiotic U-44,590 is evidenced by the zone of inhibition around a paper disc to which a fermentation sample was previously applied. The width of the zone of inhibition reflects the potency of the antibiotic sample. Thus, a 20 mm. zone of inhibition using a 12.7 mm. paper disc to which 0.08 ml. of antibiotic sample has been applied is expressed as one bio unit per ml. (1 BU/ml.).
Part B. Recovery
Whole fermentation beer (ca 1600 ml. assaying 5 BU/ml. against K. pneumoniae), obtained as described above, is filtered using diatomaceous earth as a filter aid. The filter cake is washed with water. The clear beer and wash (1800 ml.) is then passed through an activated carbon column. The column measures 2.8 .times. 44 cm. and contains 126 grams of activated carbon. The carbon column is washed with 1750 ml. water and the wash is discarded. The column is then washed with 1 liter each of a 1%, 2% and 5% acetone:water concentration. These eluates are also discarded. The column is then eluted with 1 liter each of a 10%, 25% and 50% acetone:water concentration. These eluates which contain antibiotic U-44,590, are pooled and the acetone is removed on a rotatory evaporator at 30.degree. C./15 mm. Hg. The resulting acetone-free preparation is shell-frozen to an aqueous residue and then lyophilized; yield, 3.55 grams assaying 2 BU/mg. of U-44,590 against K. pneumoniae. This preparation, labeled for convenience as Solid A, is then subjected to further recovery procedures as follows.
A silica gel (Merck-Darmstadt Cat. 7734) column is prepared from 420 grams of silica gel packed in methanol:chloroform (1:1 v/v). The column measures 3.8 .times. 88 mm. Solid A, obtained as described above, is added on the top of the column and the column is then eluted with methanol:chloroform (1:1 v/v). Active fractions, as determined by the above-described K. pneumoniae assay, are pooled and the solvent is removed from said pooled fractions by use of a rotatory evaporator at 30.degree. C./15 mm. Hg.; yield, 830 mg. assaying 7.5 BU/mg. of antibiotic U-44,590.
Part C. Purification No. 1
A preparation of antibiotic U-44,590, obtained as described above in Part B., is subjected to chromatography on silica gel using the solvent system ethyl acetate:methanol (6:1 v/v) to give a purer preparation containing U-44,590. The procedure for this purification step is as follows.
A column of silica gel (Merck-Darmstadt, 115 grams/gram of the U-44,590 preparation being chromatographed) in ethyl acetate:methanol (6:1 v/v) is prepared by pouring a slurry of silica in the solvent into the column to give a height-diameter ratio of 10:1 after being packed. The U-44,590 preparation, obtained as described above in Part B, is dissolved in methanol, silica is added (three times the weight of the U-44,590 preparation used), and this is then taken down to a dry powder on a rotatory evaporator at 40.degree./15 mm. Hg. The resulting dry solid is added to the top of the silica column through a small head of the solvent ethyl acetate:methanol (6:1 v/v). After a forerun of 4 liters, 50 ml. fractions are collected and assayed or activity against K. pneumoniae. Active fractions are also tested for solids content. Fractions greater than 50 BU/mg. are pooled and then taken to dryness in a rotatory evaporator at 40.degree. C./7 mm. Hg. to yield a syrup. Fractions and their K. pneumoniae (K.p.) activity and solids from a usual run are as follows:
______________________________________ Zone of Inhibition Wt. of solidFraction (using 12.7 in FractionNumber mm. discs) (mgm)______________________________________110 16 34.5115 30120 33 30.9125 35130 37 40.8135 37140 36 35.7145 35150 35 27.0155 34160 33 21.7165 32170 31 21.8175 30180 29 21.8185 28190 28 17.9195 28200 27 17.5205 27210 26 14.4215 26220 26 12.1225 26230 26 10.0235 25240 25 11.5245 24250 24 11.7255 23260 23 12.6265 23270 23 15.4______________________________________
Fractions 120-180, incl. are pooled and taken to dryness on a rotatory evaporator at 40.degree.17 mm. Hg. to give a syrup wt. 2.66 g, assaying 54 K.p. BU/mg (Fractions 181-240, incl. to give a syrup, 830 mg. 32 BU/mg and fractions 241- 300, incl. give a syrup, wt. 710 mg., assaying 11 BU/mg). The standard assayed 4 BU/mg. against the usual assay for this standard of 6 BU/mg.
Part D. Purification No. 2
The preparations of U-44,590, obtained as described in Part C., can be further purified to a preparation of essentially pure U-44,590 by passage over another silica gel column, using this time the solvent system methanol:methylene chloride (1:8 v/v). The procedure is as follows:
A U-44,590 preparation, as obtained in Part C., (2.28 grams) is dissolved in methanol and 7 grams of silica gel, as described in Part C., is added. The solvent from this mixture is removed on a rotary evaporator at 40.degree. C./7 mm. Hg. The resulting solid is added to a column of silica gel [750 g., 4.8 .times. 96 cm, hold-up volume 1500 ml., made up in MeOH-CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (1:8 v/v)]. A forerun (1100 ml.) is collected, followed by 50 ml. fractions. Fractions 141-200, inclusive, weigh 390 mg. when taken to dryness in the form of a syrup. This material is shown to be almost pure U-44,590 by thin layer chromatography (tlc).
The tlc is conducted on silica gel plates using the solvent system MeOH-CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (1:9 v/v). Zones of the antibiotic are detected by spraying the plates with IO.sub.4.sup.- /MnO.sub.4.sup.-, and with 50% aq. H.sub.2 SO.sub.4 followed by heating at 110.degree. C. for ca 10 min. The Rf of the active material in this solvent system is 0.11.
Part E. Purification No. 3
The preparation of antibiotic U-44,590 obtained in Part D can be further purified by acetylation of the preparation followed by deacetylation and crystallization. The procedure for acetylation is as follows:
A sample (ca 22 g) of U-44,590 preparation, prepared as described in Part D and assaying 160 BU/mg is dissolved in pyridine (300 ml) and, to this solution stirred magnetically is added acetic anhydride (150 ml) over the course of 45 min. After standing overnight at room temperature, volatile materials are removed as completely as possible of a rotatory evaporator at 40.degree./15 mm. Hg., and finally under high vacuum, to give a tan syrup.
This syrup is stirred with CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 (200 ml), and a colorless, flocculent precipitate is removed by filtration and washed with CH.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 until the washings are colorless. The precipitate is discarded. The combined filtrate and washings are washed with aqueous HCl (N/20, 100 ml) twice, the aqueous layer being acidic after the second wash. The aqueous layers are discarded. The organic phase is then washed with water (100 ml), saturated aqueous NaHCO.sub.3 (100 ml), again with water (100 ml), and dried (Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4). The aqueous layers are discarded.
Removal of solvent on a rotatory evaporator at 40.degree. and 15 mm. Hg. gives a dark syrup (21.10 g), which is dissolved in EtOAc (50 ml) by warming on a steam-bath. On cooling, crystallization occurs; the solid is removed by filtration, washed with EtOAc, and dried at 60.degree./15 mm. Hg., to give essentially pure 3'5'-di-O-acetylated U-44,590 (12.01 g, m.p. 123.degree.-124.5.degree.). Recrystallization from the same solvent gives U-44,590 diacetate, having a melting point 124.degree.-125.degree.. This compound is then labeled U-44,474.
U-44,474 is deacetylated to afford essentially pure U-44,590 by the Zemplen procedure which is as follows:
Crystalline diacetate U-44,474 (24.90 g) is stirred magnetically in methanol (400 ml), and methanolic sodium methoxide (Stauffer Chem. Co. 25%, 5 drops) is added. Stirring is continued till the solid has dissolved (Drierite tube), and the solution allowed to stand at room temperature for about 2 hours. Solid carbon dioxide, in small pieces, is then added cautiously, with stirring, to neutralize the methoxide, and the solvent is removed on a rotatory evaporator at 40.degree. and 15 mm. Hg., giving a colorless oil.
The residue is dissolved in methanol (50 ml) by warming on a steambath and diluted with ethyl acetate (50 ml). Crystallization occurs on cooling. The solid (12.39 g) is collected on a sintered filter at the pump, washed with methanol, and dried in a vacuum oven at 60.degree./15 mm. Hg. Antibiotic U-44,590 crystallizes in colorless prismatic needles, m.p. 141.degree.-142.degree.. Removal of solvent from the filtrate plus washings on the evaporator and crystallization from methanol-ethyl acetate gives additional material (1.91 g, m.p. 140.5.degree.-141.5.degree.).
EXAMPLE 2
The acylation procedure described in Example 1, Part E, can be substituted by acylating U-44,590 with any readily-available acylating agent to give the acylated U-44,590 product. This acylated U-44,590 product can then be deacylated by methods well known in the art to yield a purified preparation of U-44,590. Readily-available acylating agents which can be used to acylate U-44,590, and which are within the scope of this invention, are as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,426,012, Columns 5 and 6.
EXAMPLE 3
As disclosed in Example 2, various acylates of U-44,590 can be made, and these acylates are useful to upgrade U-44,590. By following the procedure of Example 1, Part E, the 3',5'-di-esters of U-44,590 are formed. The 5'-monoesters can be formed by the use of a minimum amount of acylating agent. The 3'-mono-esters and phosphate can be formed by tritylating U-44,590 to give the 5'-trityl derivative, acylating or phosphorylating this compound with the desired acylating or phosphorylating agent, selected from those disclosed above, to give the 3'-mono-ester 5'-trityl derivative, which then can be converted to the 3'-mono-ester by removal of the trityl group. The tritylation procedure disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,426,012, Column 4 and 5, or other standard tritylation procedures can be employed. The trityl group can be removed by using the procedure disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,426,012, Column 6.
EXAMPLE 4
The 5'-phosphate of U-44,590 can be prepared by procedures as disclosed in the work of D. Mitsunobu, K. Kato, and J. Kimura [J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 6510 (1969)]. This compound can be used for the same purposes as U-44,590.
The compounds, described above, being the derivatives of U-44,590 which are within the scope of the subject invention, can be shown by the following structural formula ##STR3## wherein R and R' are selected from the group consisting of a carboxylic acid acyl radical of from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, inclusive; or a halo-, nitro-, hydroxy-, amino-, cyano-, thiocyano-, and lower alkoxy-substituted hydrocarbon carboxylic acid acyl radical of from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, inclusive; or R is hydrogen and R' is as defined above or phosphate; or R' is hydrogen and R is a carboxylic acid acyl radical of from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, inclusive; or a halo-, nitro-, hydroxy-, amino-, cyano-, thiocyano-, and lower alkoxy-substituted hydrocarbon carboxylic acid acyl radical of from 2 to 18 carbon atoms, inclusive, or phosphate.
EXAMPLE 5 CAPSULES CAPSULES
One thousand two-piece hard gelatin capsules for oral use, each containing 250 mg. of antibiotic U-44,590 are prepared from the following types and amounts of materials:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 250 Gm.Corn starch 50 Gm.Talc 25 Gm.Magnesium stearate 2 Gm.______________________________________
The materials are thoroughly mixed and then encapsulated in the usual manner.
The foregoing capsules are useful for the systemic treatment of infection in adult humans by the oral administration of 1 capsule every 4 hours.
Using the procedure above, capsules are similarly prepared containing the antibiotic in 50, 100, and 350 mg. amounts by substituting 50, 100 and 350 Gm. of antibiotic for the 250 Gm. used above.
EXAMPLE 6 TABLETS
One thousand tablets for oral use, each containing 500 mg. of antibiotic U-44,590 are prepared from the following types and amounts of materials:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 500 Gm.Lactose 125 Gm.Corn starch 65 Gm.Magnesium stearate 5 Gm.Light liquid petrolatum 3 Gm.______________________________________
The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and slugged. The slugs are broken down by forcing through a number sixteen screen. The resulting granules are then compressed into tablets, each tablet containing 500 mg. of antibiotic.
The foregoing tablets are useful for systemic treatment of infections in adult humans by oral administration of 1 tablet every 4 hours. In severe conditions, 2 to 4 tablets can be administered every 4 hours.
Using the above procedure, except for reducing the amount of antibiotic to 200 Gm., tablets containing 200 mg. of antibiotic are prepared.
EXAMPLE 7 TABLETS
One thousand oral tablets, each containing 125 mg. of antibiotic U-44,590 and a total of 250 mg. (83.3 mg. each) of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine, are prepared from the following types and amounts of materials:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 125 Gm.Sulfadiazine 83.3 Gm.Sulfamerazine 83.3 Gm.Sulfamethazine 83.3 Gm.Lactose 50 Gm.Corn starch 50 Gm.Calcium stearate 25 Gm.Light liquid petrolatum 5 Gm.______________________________________
The ingredients are thoroughly mixed and slugged. The slugs are broken down by forcing through a number sixteen screen. The resulting granules are then compressed into tablets, each containing 125 mg. of antibiotic and a total of 250 mg. (83.3 mg. each) of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine.
The foregoing tablets are useful for a systemic treatment of infections by the oral administration of 4 tablets first and then 1 every 6 hours.
For treatment of urinary infections, the triple sulfas in the above formulation is advantageously replaced by 250 Gm. of sulfamethylthiadiazole or 250 Gm. of sulfacetamide.
EXAMPLE 8 GRANULES
2367 Gm. of a granulation suitable for reconstitution with water prior to use is prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 150 Gm.Sucrose, powdered 2155 Gm.Flavor 60 Gm.Sodium metabisulfite 2 Gm.______________________________________
The antibiotic U-44,590, sugar, flavor, and sodium metabisulfite are mixed together until thoroughly blended. The powder mixture is wetted with water and forced through a screen to form granules. The granules are dried and 23.67 Gm. filled into 60 ml. bottles. Prior to use, sufficient water is added to the granules to make 60 ml. of composition.
The foregoing composition is useful for systemic treatment of infection, particularly in children at a dose of one teaspoonful (5 ml.) 4 times daily.
EXAMPLE 9 ORAL SYRUP
1000 ml. of an aqueous preparation for oral use, containing in each 5 ml. dose, 250 mg. of antibiotic U-44,590 is prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 50 Gm.Citric acid 2 Gm.Benzoic acid 1 Gm.Sucrose 700 Gm.Tragacanth 5 Gm.Lemon oil 2 Gm.Deionized water q.s. 1000 ml.______________________________________
The citric acid, benzoic acid, sucrose, tragacanth, and lemon oil are dispersed in sufficient water to make 850 ml. of solution. The antibiotic is stirred into the syrup until uniformly distributed. Sufficient water is added to make 1000 ml.
The composition so prepared is useful in the systemic treatment of infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae in adult humans at a dose of 1 or 2 teaspoons 4 times a day. In severe conditions, 1 or 2 tablespoons (15 to 30 ml.) can be administered 4 times a day.
EXAMPLE 10 PARENTERAL SUSPENSION
A sterile aqueous suspension for intramuscular use, containing in 1 ml. 200 mg. of antibiotic U-44,590 is prepared from the following types and amounts of materials:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 200 Gm.Lidocaine hydrochloride 5 Gm.Methylparaben 2.5 Gm.Propylparaben 0.17 Gm.Water for injection q.s. 1000 ml.______________________________________
All of the ingredients, except the antibiotic, are dissolved in the water and the solution sterilized by filtration. To the sterile solution is added the sterilized antibiotic and the final suspension is filled into sterile vials and the vials sealed.
EXAMPLE 11 PARENTERAL SOLUTION
A sterile aqueous solution for intramuscular use, containing in 1 ml., 150 mg. of antibiotic U-44,590, is prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 150 Gm.Lactose 50 Gm.Water for injection q.s. 1000 ml.______________________________________
The antibiotic and lactose are dissolved in the water and the solution sterilized by filtration. The sterile solution in the amount of 2 ml., is aseptically filled into sterile vials and frozen. The water is removed under high vacuum and the vials containing the lyophilized powder are sealed. Just prior to use, sufficient water for injection to make 2 ml. of solution is added to the vial.
EXAMPLE 12 TOPICAL OINTMENT
1000 Gm. of 2% ointment is prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 20 Gm.Zinc oxide 50 Gm.Calamine 50 Gm.Liquid petrolatum (heavy) 250 Gm.Wool fat 200 Gm.White petrolatum q.s. 1000 Gm.______________________________________
The white petrolatum and wool fat are melted and 100 Gm. of liquid petrolatum added thereto. The antibiotic, zinc oxide and calamine are added to the remaining liquid petrolatum and the mixture milled until the powders are finely divided and uniformly dispersed. The powder mixture is stirred into the white petrolatum mixture and stirring continued until the ointment congeals.
The foregoing ointment is usefully applied topically to the skin of mammals for the treatment of infection.
The foregoing composition can be prepared by omitting the zinc oxide and calamine.
Following the procedure above, ointments are similarly prepared containing antibiotic U-44,590 in 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 5% amounts of substituting 2.5, 5, 10, and 50 Gm. of antibiotic for the 20 Gm. used above.
EXAMPLE 13 TROCHES
10,000 troches are prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 100 Gm.Neomycin sulfate 50 Gm.Ethyl aminobenzoate 50 Gm.Polymyxin B sulfate (10,000 units/mg.) 1 Gm.Calcium stearate 150 Gm.Powdered Sucrose q.s. 5000 Gm.______________________________________
The powdered materials are mixed thoroughly and then compressed into half gram troches following the usual techniques for the preparation of compressed tablets.
The troches are held in the mouth and allowed to dissolve slowly to provide treatment for the mouth and throat of humans.
EXAMPLE 14 SUPPOSITORY
One thousand suppositories, each weighing 2.5 Gm. and containing 100 mg. of antibiotic U-44,590 are prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 100 Gm.Polymyxin B sulfate (10,000 units/mg.) 1.25 Gm.Ethyl aminobenzoate 75 Gm.Zinc oxide 62.5 Gm.Propylene glycol 162.5 Gm.Polyethylene glycol 4000 q.s. 2500 Gm.______________________________________
The antibiotic U-44,590, polymixin B sulfate, ethyl aminobenzoate, and zinc oxide are added to the propylene glycol and the mixture milled until the powders are finely divided and uniformly dispersed. The polyethylene glycol 4000 is melted and the propylene glycol dispersion added slowly with stirring. The suspension is poured into molds at 40.degree. C. The composition is allowed to cool and solidify and then removed from the mold and each suppository foil wrapped.
The foregoing suppositories are inserted rectally or vaginally for local treatment of inflammation and infection.
EXAMPLE 15 MASTITIS OINTMENT
1000 Gm. of an ointment for the treatment of mastitis in dairy cattle is prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 50 Gm.Prednisolone acetate 0.5 Gm.Light liquid petrolatum 300 Gm.Chlorobutanol, anhydrous 5 Gm.Polysorbate 80 5 Gm.2% Aluminum monostearate - peanut oil gel 400 Gm.White petrolatum q.s. 1000 Gm.______________________________________
The antibiotic and prednisolone acetate are milled with the light liquid petrolatum until finely divided and uniformly dispersed. The chlorobutanol, polysorbate 80, peanut oil gel and white petrolatum are heated to 120.degree. F. to form a melt and the liquid petrolatum dispersion stirred in. With continued stirring the dispersion is allowed to cool (and congeal) to room temperature and is filled into disposable mastitis syringes in 10 Gm. doses.
EXAMPLE 16 ANIMAL FEED
1000 Gm. of a feed mix is prepared from the following types and amounts of ingredients:
______________________________________Antibiotic U-44,590 10 Gm.Soybean meal 400 Gm.Fish meal 400 Gm.Wheat germ oil 50 Gm.Sorghum molasses 140 Gm.______________________________________
The ingredients are mixed together and pressed into pellets.
The composition can be fed to laboratory animals, i.e., rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits for prophylaxis during shipping.
For larger animals the composition can be added to the animal's regular feed in an amount calculated to give the desired dose of antibiotic.
EXAMPLE 17
Following the procedure of each of the preceding Examples 5 through 16, the diacetyl derivative of U-44,590 as well as the other derivatives of U-44,590, as disclosed herein, can be substituted in an equivalent amount of antibiotic U-44,590 shown in the examples to provide similar therapeutic properties.
Additional characterization of U-44,474, prepared as described in Example 1, Part E, is as follows:
Elemental Analysis: Calcd. for C.sub.13 H.sub.13 N.sub.3 O.sub.7. Found: C, 47.41; H, 5.82; N, 12.76; O, 34.01.
Molecular Weight: 329 (Determined by mass spectrometry)
Infrared Absorption Spectra: U-44,474 has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum when suspended in a mineral oil mull. Peaks are observed at the following wave lengths expressed in reciprocal centimeters:
______________________________________Band Frequency(Wave Numbers) Intensity______________________________________ 3210 M 3080 M 2960 (oil) S 2930 (oil) S 2860 (oil) S 1750 S 1732 S 1702 S 1520 S 1468 (oil) S 1411 M 1379 (oil) S 1358 W 1327 W 1318 W 1310 W 1298 W 1280 M 1250 S 1227 S 1188 M 1148 W 1113 W 1097 S 1057 M 1030 S 1011 M 1000 M 987 M 964 M 957 M 950 M 936 W 892 M 863 M 828 M 791 M 775 M 755 M 740 W 721 (oil) W 675 W 668 W______________________________________
U-44,474 also has a characteristic infrared absorption spectrum when pressed in a KBr disc. Peaks are observed at the following wave lengths expressed in reciprocal centimeters:
______________________________________Band Frequency(Wave Numbers) Intensity______________________________________ 3420 (water) W 3210 M 3080 M 2970 W 2960 W 2930 W 2880 W 2830 W 1750 S 1732 S 1703 S 1517 M 1468 S 1410 M 1382 M 1370 M 1248 S 1227 S 1186 M 1145 W 1095 M 1055 M 1030 M 1011 M 999 M 986 M 963 M 949 M 932 W 890 M 863 M 825 M 790 M 773 M 754 M 739 W 668 W______________________________________

Therapeutic compositions of antibiotic U-44,590 and methods for using the same

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