Patent Application
20160084026
1. Field of the Invention
This application is directed to an anchor system for production tubing in a pumpjack type oil well. The anchor stabilizes the tubing during operation of the well as explained below.
2. Description of Related Arts Invention
A pumpjack is often used with a “rod pumping system” and is used to mechanically lift liquid out of the well if there is not enough bottom hole pressure for the liquid to flow all the way to the surface. The arrangement is commonly used for onshore wells to enhance or increase production. Pumpjacks are common in oil-rich areas. Depending on the size of the pump, it generally produces 5 to 40 liters of liquid at each stroke. Often this is an emulsion of crude oil and water. Pump size is also determined by the depth and weight of the oil to remove, with deeper extraction requiring more power to move the increased weight of the discharge column (discharge head). A pumpjack converts the rotary mechanism of a motor to a vertical reciprocating motion to drive the pump shaft, and is exhibited in the characteristic nodding motion. The engineering term for this type of mechanism is a walking beam. The prime mover of the pumpjack runs a set of pulleys to the transmission which drives a pair of cranks, generally with counterweights on them to assist the motor in lifting the heavy string rods. The cranks raise and lower one end to assist the motor in lifting the heavy string rods. The cranks raise and lower one end of an I-beam which is free to move on an A-frame. On the other end of the beam, there is a curved metal box called a horse head or donkey head. A cable made of steel or fiberglass, called a bridle, connects the horse head to a polished rod, a piston that passes through a stuffing box. The polished rod has a close fit to the stuffing box, letting it move in and out of the production tubing without fluid escaping. The bridle follows the curve of the horse head as it lowers and raise to create a nearly vertical stroke. The polished rod is connected to a long string of rods called sucker rods, which run through the tubing to the down-hole pump, usually positioned near the bottom of the well. At the bottom of the tubing is the down-hole pump comprised of two assemblies. This pump has two ball check valves: the first is a stationary valve at bottom called the standing valve. The second is in valve on the piston connected to the bottom of the sucker rods that travels up and down as the rods reciprocate, known as the travelling valve. Each of these valves permits wellbore liquids to move upward toward the surface but prohibits fluids from moving back downhole. Reservoir fluid enters from the formation into the bottom of the borehole through perforations that have been made through the casing and cement. When the rods at the pump end are traveling up, the traveling valve is closed and the standing valve is open due to the drop pressure in the pump barrel. Consequently, the pump barrel fills with the fluid from the formation as the traveling piston lift the previous contents of the barrel upwards. When the rods begin pushing down, the traveling valve opens and the standing valve closes due to an increase in pressure in the pump barrel. The traveling valve drops through the fluid in the barrel. The piston then reaches the end of its stroke and begins its path upward again, repeating the process. The number of strokes per time unit defines the maximum flow rate from the well. However each application affects the fill efficiency of this volume, which in turn, affects the actual flow rate of fluids from the well. Affecting efficiency is the elasticity of the tubing, wherein the tubing “stretches” axially in tension during down stokes and “compresses” or buckles axially during upstrokes. When “heavy oil” is produced by rod pumped wells often steam is injected in the well to reduce the viscosity of the hydrocarbons, enabling it to flow more readily into the wellbore. Cycling between steam injection periods and production periods, thermal effects cause the steel tubing to either expand lengthwise with heat or contract as the well cools, which also affects the efficiency of the well. A well-known tubing anchor that serves to stabilizing the tubing may be employed, but the thermal effects of steam injection cause very high alternating compression and tension loads on the tubing anchor also causing bucking and tension in the production tubing further decreasing pumping efficiency and often leading to premature failure of the tubing anchor. The great temperature variations imposed by steam injection prohibit use of any known tubing anchor.
Consequently, there is a need for an anchoring system that prevents a wide variation of the tubing movement caused by up and down strokes of the sucher rods, and the expansion and contraction of the tubing during heating and cooling cycles both in an axial and radical direction.
These and other needs in the art are addressed by an anchor that acts as a thermal expansion joint while it dampens the axial expansion and contraction of the production tubing during pump operation. An embodiment of the invention includes an anchor having an outer housing secured to the casing and includes an annular hydraulic chamber. A piston is attached to the production tubing and is located within the hydraulic chamber so as to retard and dampen axial forces of the tubing. The piston includes on its outer surface a tortuous flow path formed by a plurality of annular rings and or pathways.
The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of the present invention in order that the detailed description of the invention that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages of the invention will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the conception and the specific embodiments disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other embodiments for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention. It should also be realized by those skilled in the art that such equivalent embodiments do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.
For a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which:
A conventional pumpjack well 10 is shown in
The well includes a stuffing box 21 through which polished rod 20 reciprocates. Polished rod passes through a tee 22 and is connected to a sucker rod or rods 28. Conduits 23 and 24 are provided for produced gas and oil respectively.
The well further includes a casing 26, cement 25 surrounding the casing, and production tubing 27. The lower end of the casing and cement is perforated at 31 in the production zone 34 to allow fluids to enter pump chamber 35.
A standing valve 32 is fixed at a lower portion of the tubing and a traveling valve 33 is attached to the lower end of the reciprocating sucker rod thereby forming a pump as is known in the art.
According to a first embodiment of the invention as shown in
Pressure from the surface applied against the traveling valve by a ball 55 and seat 60 sets the anchor 56 to the casing 52.
A compression spring 58 is positioned between anchor 56 and a flange 62 on the production tubing to keep constant tension on the tubing thereby arresting excess axial movement of the tubing caused by the reciprocating movement of the downhole pump by asserting a compression force against the tubing anchor and the flange 62 affixed to tubing 51 at a lower end 63 of the tubing. A plurality of centralizers 53, 54 may also be attached to tubing 51 to stabilize the tubing within the causing 52.
A second embodiment of an anchoring system is shown in
A closure cap 72 is positioned between housing portion 73 and a first section 69 of production tubing. A dampening piston 75 is attached to the first section of tubing 69 and a second section 70 of the production tubing. Dampening piston 75 is free to float within an hydraulic chamber 79 which is filled with hydraulic fluid. Two groups of rings 76, 77 are positioned on the outer surface of dampening piston 75 as best shown in
In similar manner, a second end cap 78 is threaded on piston 75 at a second end as shown at 117 and thereby secure a second set of rings 77 on the piston.
Rings 77 are also spaced from housing 73 thereby forming a torturous path 106. Also one or more passageways 102, 103, 104 may be provided in the rings to allow fluid flow through the rings. End cap 78 is also provided with a passageway 172. A flow passage 111 is provided at one end of piston 75 and a second flow passage is provided at the second end of piston 75. A pair of seals 118 and 119 may be positioned between tubulars 69 and 70 and piston 75 as shown in
Thus a plurality of tortuous paths 106 are formed around the periphery of the rings allowing fluid to flow along piston 75 in a controlled manner. Additionally one or more flow passages 104 may be formed through the rings for control purposes.
A slip housing 86 surrounds downstream anchor housing 83. A first annular piston 88 is positioned between slip housing 86 and downhole anchor housing 83.
A second annular piston 89 is also positioned between slip housing 86 and downhole anchor housing 83 and includes an inclined surface 90 which is adapted to move slips 68 outwardly to engage the inner surface of the well's casing to thereby fixedly secure the anchor within the casing with the tubing 69, 70 temporally attached to the anchor via shear pins 94 between tubing section 95 which is attached to tubing 70 and portion 93 of the anchor housing. A plurality of shear pins 87 connect slip housing 86 to the second piston 89.
In order to set the anchor within the well, the anchor with tubular sections 69, 70, and 95 is lowered to the desired position within the well with the tool configured as shown in
As the temperature within the well increases, tubing 69, 70, and 95 will expand thereby shearing pins 94. At this point the production tubing string 69, 70, and 95 along with dampening piston 75 is free to move within the anchor subject to the dampening effect of piston 75 moving within hydraulic chamber 79.
The anchor can be retrieved from the well by pulling upward on the tubing.
This will shear pins 92 which are positioned between downhole housing 93 and a lower cone member 91. This allows slips 68 to fall back into slip housing 86 thereby releasing the slips 68 from engagement with the casing.
Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations may be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
