The present invention is directed generally to a manufacturing apparatus having a regenerative thermal oxidizer making use of a combined gasifier. More particularly, the present invention is related to a method of reducing the amount of fossil fuel generated carbon dioxide vented to the atmosphere by operating a regenerative thermal oxidizer by reducing the amount of fossil fuel required to operate the regenerative thermal oxidizer through the addition of carbon neutral synthetic gas generated by an integrated gasifier.
It is well known that manufacturing processes produce waste byproducts harmful to the environment. These waste byproducts come in various forms, including aerosol, particulate, gaseous and solids. For example, volatile organic compounds are known to be vented from various manufacturing processes, including paint application processes, wood manufacturing processes, and other processes known to require heating or drying liquid chemical compounds.
To comply with environmental protection regulations, many of these manufacturing apparatus are fitted with thermal oxidizers to destroy harmful gaseous pollutants resulting from the industrial process gaseous waste byproduct. Thermal oxidizers heat the waste gases to temperatures that cause pollutants to spontaneously react with available oxygen inside the thermal oxidizer. The resultant oxidation reaction inside the thermal oxidizer converts oxide compounds to primarily, carbon dioxide and water that can be legally vented to the atmosphere.
To generate the necessary heat that causes pollutants to spontaneously react with available oxygen, thermal oxidizers are fitted with burners that generate heat by way of fossil fuels, namely natural gas or oil. Previously, attempts have been made to reduce the amount of fossil fuel required to generate enough British Thermal Units (BTUs) of energy to convert the pollutants to oxide compounds. For example, a common type of thermal oxidizer is known as a regenerative thermal oxidizer or RTO. The RTO includes a regenerative heat exchanger formed from adsorbent material to recover heat from the oxidizer exhaust and use that heat to preheat the incoming process exhaust stream. Preheating the incoming exhaust stream has proven to significantly reduce the fuel consumption of the burner. Not only does this reduce the costs associated with operating the RTO it also reduces the amount of CO2 vented to the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels reducing the carbon footprint required to operate the manufacturing apparatus. However, even the RTO requires mass consumption of fossil fuel to generate the necessary BTUs to oxidize the pollutants produced by the industrial process. For example, a typical RTO processing 100,000 ft3 of polluted exhaust air per minute will consume 11,000,000 BTUs per hour of fossil fuel.
Given the high cost of fossil fuel, and even more particularly, the desire to reduce the amount of fossil fuel generated CO2 vented to the atmosphere, it is desirable to find even further ways to reduce the amount of fossil fuel necessary to operate an RTO.
Continuous efforts have been undertaken by the Applicant to improve the efficiency of pollution abatement equipment to reduce the amount of CO2 vented to the atmosphere from adding fossil fuels to the abatement equipment, such as, the regenerative thermal oxidizer (RTO) explained above.
A manufacturing apparatus that produces products resulting in both solid waste and organic waste exposed in air stream includes a thermal oxidizer that receives the air stream from the manufacturing apparatus for oxidizing the organic waste disposed in the air stream. The thermal oxidizer includes a clean-air outlet for venting the oxidized air stream to the atmosphere. A gasifier receives solid wastes from the manufacturing apparatus, or other unrelated apparatus, and gasifies the solid waste producing a synthetic gas. The synthetic gas is introduced to the thermal oxidizer for providing additional thermal energy to the thermal oxidizer to reduce the amount of fossil fuel required to provide thermal energy to the thermal oxidizer. Therefore, heat generated from the synthetic gas derived from the solid waste is used to provide energy to the thermal oxidizer to reduce the organic waste to carbon dioxide and water.
The combination of the gasifier to convert the solid waste byproduct to a fuel source and the RTO used to convert the energy source to carbon dioxide and water during pollution abatement provides the benefit of both cost efficiency and the replacement of fossil fuel generated CO2 vented to the environment, believed to contribute to global warming, with carbon neutral CO2 from gasified biomass. It is anticipated that a balanced manufacturing operation will significantly reduce or eliminate the necessity of fossil fuel required to operate an RTO. More than just a cost reduction, the benefit is that unnecessary CO2 from burning the fossil fuel will not be vented to the atmosphere. Should carbon offsets become necessary in the future, the inventive process set forth above will enable the manufacturing operator to pay only offset taxes resultant from the manufacturing process and not those associated with burning fossil fuels.
A manufacturing facility is generally shown in
An industrial manufacturing apparatus 12 used to apply paint to products, requires a paint booth (not shown) that vents organic solvents into the polluted air stream (14). Organic solvents are generally used to adjust the viscosity of the paint being applied to the products passing through the paint booth for enhanced paint quality. Although significant improvements have been made to the transfer efficiency from a paint applicator onto the product passing through a paint booth, significant volumes of paint, known as overspray, does not adhere to the product and is captured in a water stream passing alongside or below the product being painted. The paint overspray is filtered from the water stream resulting in a stream of solid waste feed stream stock (16) that heretofore has been sent to landfield. Attempts have also been made to recycle the paint overspray for use in various other products, but the cost associated with recycling the paint overspray has been prohibitive. The inventive manufacturing facility transfers the solid waste feed to the solid feed stock stream (16) and into a gasifier (18). The type of gasifier selected for the vented manufacturing apparatus 12 is dependent upon the type of solid waste product. However, the various types of gasifiers contemplated by the inventors includes, a countercurrent fixed head or updraft gasifier, a co-current fixed head or downdraft gasifier, a fluidized bed reactor gasifier, and an entrained flow gasifier. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the gasifier 18 converts the solid waste product received through the solid feed stock line 16 is into hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, dependent upon the chemical make-up of the solid waste product constituting a synthetic gas.
By way of further example, an RTO 22 is used in manufacturing facilities 10 that produce plywood, strand dashboard or particle board. These plants use RTOs 22 to control air pollutant emissions during the process of drying and forming wood products that make use of glues or urethane binders. This drying process vents volatile organic compounds that are abated in the RTO 22. The manufacturing apparatus 12 that produces these types of wood products also results in significant amounts of waste wood, including bark and other unusable portions of trees as well as sawdust from cutting and finishing operations. In this example, the solid wood byproduct constitutes a solid feed stock 16 for use in a gasifier 18 and a volatile organic component constitutes the polluted air stream 14 that is introduced into the RTO 22.
The synthetic gas is transferred through a synthetic gas line 20 to a thermal oxidizer 22. The thermal oxidizer is contemplated by the inventors to be an energy efficient regenerative thermal oxidizer. However, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the thermal oxidizer can take different forms as required to efficiently oxidize pollutants received from the manufacturing apparatus 12. In this exemplary embodiment, the synthetic gas line 20 feeds synthetic gas received from the gasifier 18 to a burner 24 of the RTO 22. The burner 24 also receives fossil fuel from a fossil fuel source line 26 in a known manner. The balance between fossil fuel and synthetic gas delivered to the burner 24 will be explained further below. The burner 24 provides a combustive flame to a combustion chamber 28 of the RTO 22. The RTO 22 includes first adsorptive media 30 and second adsorptive media 32. The use of “adsorptive” should be understood to include adsorption of heat energy in addition to alternative oxidizers that may adsorb chemical particulate matter. The adsorptive media 30, 32 functions in a known manner by heating the polluted air received from the polluted air source 14 prior to entering the combustion chamber 28 and adsorbing particulate matter received from the combustion chamber 28 prior to transferring that air to a clean air conduit 34. The clean air conduit 34 vents the clean air, generally including CO2 and water to the atmosphere.
The burner 24 is adapted to operate with both the fossil fuel received from the fossil fuel source 26 and synthetic gas received from the gasifier 18. The installation of the burner 24 onto the RTO 22 is conventional. However, the burner 24 runs on fossil fuel, namely either natural gas or oil, during times that gasifier fuel received from the gasifier 18 is unavailable. The burner 24 is also adapted to burn the gasifier fuel, having hydrogen, methane, or other combustible gases produced in the gasifier 18 from the solid waste feed stock. In the most desirable balance, very little or no natural gas or oil is required in the burner 24 as fuel, only by the synthetic gas received from the gasifier 18. It is believed that the gasifier fuel received from the gasifier 18 will have lower volumetric energy content than natural gas or oil. Therefore, the stoichiometric balance may require the natural gas or oil be mixed with air to reduce its volumetric energy content. In this instance, if the volumetric energy content is matched between the two fuels, either fuel can be fired into the burner through a single set of fuel nozzles. Of course, when the burner 24 is fueled only by gasifier fuel, the RTO 22 is not introducing any further fossil fuel generated CO2 to the atmosphere, but only carbon neutral CO2 to the environment through the clean air destination conduit 34. Not only does this reduce the cost associated with the acquisition of fossil fuel, by not introducing fossil fuels into the RTO, fossil fuel generated CO2 vented to the atmosphere from the RTO is reduced. Therefore, reducing any necessary carbon offset than what is required from burning fossil fuel to provide energy to the RTO 22.
A still further embodiment of the inventive RTO 322 is shown in
A still further embodiment of the RTO 422 is shown in
Referring to
Preferred embodiments of this invention have been disclosed, however, a worker of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this invention. The following claims should be studied to determine the true scope and content of this invention. It should also be understood that the scope of the invention includes braking down carbon dioxide vented from the thermal oxidizer 22 into elemental forms of carbon and oxygen that are exhausted to the atmosphere. Known chemical and thermal methods of establishing carbon and oxygen are contemplated by the inventors as set forth above.
This is a non-provisional application that claims priority to a provisional application Ser. No. 61/032,765 filed on Feb. 29, 2008 and incorporated herewith by reference in its entirety.
Number | Date | Country | |
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61032765 | Feb 2008 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 12394559 | Feb 2009 | US |
Child | 13541169 | US |