The present invention generally relates to anchoring systems for insulated cavity walls, and more specifically, a thermal wall anchor that creates a thermal break in a cavity wall.
Anchoring systems for cavity walls are used to secure veneer facings to a building and overcome seismic and other forces (e.g., wind shear, etc.). Anchoring systems generally form a conductive bridge or thermal pathway between the cavity and the interior of the building through metal-to-metal contact. Optimizing the thermal characteristics of cavity wall construction is important to ensure minimized heat transfer through the walls, both for comfort and for energy efficiency of heating and air conditioning. When the exterior is cold relative to the interior of a heated structure, heat from the interior should be prevented from passing through to the outside. Similarly, when the exterior is hot relative to the interior of an air conditioned structure, heat from the exterior should be prevented from passing through to the interior.
In one aspect, a wall anchor for use in a cavity wall to connect to a veneer tie to join an inner wythe and an outer wythe of the cavity wall includes an elongate body having a longitudinal axis, a driven end portion and a driving end portion. The driven end portion is adapted to be threadedly mounted on the inner wythe of the cavity wall. The driving end portion includes a drive head including a receptor opening for capturing a portion of a veneer tie. The receptor opening extends transverse to the longitudinal axis of the elongate body through the drive head. A thermal spacer is attached to the elongate body. The thermal spacer has a conductivity less than a thermal conductivity of the elongate body and is configured and arranged to reduce thermal transfer in the cavity wall along the elongate body.
In another aspect, a wall anchor for use in a cavity wall to connect to a veneer tie to join an inner wythe and an outer wythe of the cavity wall includes an elongate body having a longitudinal axis, a driven end portion, a driving end portion, and at least one barrel portion positioned between the driven end portion and the driving end portion. The driven end portion is adapted to be threadedly mounted on the inner wythe of the cavity wall and includes a threaded portion. The driving end portion includes a drive head having a receptor opening for capturing a portion of a veneer tie. The receptor opening extends transverse to the longitudinal axis of the elongate body through the drive head. The at least one barrel portion comprises a hollow body having a circumferential wall defining a hollow interior.
Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the drawings.
Referring to
Successive bed joints 30 and 32 are substantially planar and horizontally disposed and, in accordance with building standards, are approximately 0.375 inches (9.525 mm) in height in a typical embodiment. Selective ones of bed joints 30 and 32, which are formed between courses of bricks 20, are constructed to receive the insertion portion of a veneer tie 44. It is understood that the described and illustrated wall structure 12 is exemplary only. Other structures may be used without departing from the scope of the present invention. A wall anchor 40 is threadedly mounted on the inner wythe 14 and is supported by the inner wythe. As described in greater detail below, the wall anchor 40 is configured to provide a thermal break in the cavity wall structure 12. The anchoring system 10 is constructed and configured to minimize air and moisture penetration around the wall anchor system/inner wythe juncture and limit thermal transfer.
For purposes of the description, an exterior cavity surface 24 of the inner wythe 14 contains a horizontal line or x-axis 34 and an intersecting vertical line or y-axis 36. A horizontal line or z-axis 38, normal to the xy-plane, passes through the coordinate origin formed by the intersecting x- and y-axes.
In the illustrated embodiment, the anchoring system 10 includes wall anchor 40, veneer tie 44, and an optional wire or outer wythe reinforcement 46. At intervals along the exterior surface 24 of the inner wythe 14, wall anchors 40 are driven into place in anchor-receiving channels 48 (see
In a first embodiment illustrated in
The elongate body of the wall anchor 40 includes a non-threaded barrel extending between the driven end portion 52 and the driving end portion 54. In the embodiment of
The wall anchor 40 includes a thermal spacer 86 that is configured to provide a thermal break in the wall anchor. The main components of the wall anchor 40 are preferably made of metal (e.g., steel) to provide a high-strength anchoring system. Alternatively, the wall anchor can be made of plastic or other suitable material. In one embodiment, the main components of the wall anchor are made of stainless steel. Through the use of a thermal spacer 86, the thermal transmission values of the wall anchor are lowered. The thermal spacer 86 is preferably a non-conductive material. For example, the thermal spacer 86 can be ceramic, plastic, epoxy, carbon fiber, a non-conductive metal, or other non-conductive material.
As seen in
The thermal spacer 86 of the wall anchor 40 causes the cavity wall 12 to obtain a lower transmission value (U-value), thereby providing an anchoring system with the benefits of thermal isolation. The term U-value is used to describe the transmission of heat through the entire cavity wall (including the anchor, the insulation, and other components), i.e., the measure of the rate of transfer of heat through one square meter of a structure divided by the difference in temperature across the structure. The lower the U-value, the better the thermal integrity of the cavity wall, and the higher the U-value, the worse the thermal performance of the building envelope. The U-value is calculated from the reciprocal of the combined thermal resistances of the materials in the cavity wall, taking into account the effect of thermal bridges, air gaps and fixings. Several factors affect the U-value, such as the size of the cavity, the thickness of the insulation, the materials used, etc. In one exemplary test, a cavity wall structure was modeled to measure the U-value in an anchoring system 10 as described, with a thermal spacer 86 in the wall anchor 40. The wall included, from the exterior face to the interior face, an outer wythe comprising standard 3⅝ inch thick brick veneer, a 1.5 inch slightly ventilated air cavity, 4 inches of mineral wool exterior insulation, ⅝ inch exterior sheathing, a 3⅝ inch steel stud, and ½ inch gypsum board. In the model, veneer ties are embedded into the brick mortar and wall anchors penetrated through the insulation and into the steel stud. The effective assembly U-value was 0.053 BTU/(hr·ft2·° F.) (0.302 W/m2K), for a thermal efficiency of 89.0%. In another model, an anchoring system included a dual diameter barrel wall anchor without a thermal spacer, and the effective assembly U-value was 0.058 BTU/(hr·ft2·° F.) (0.332 W/m2K), for a thermal efficiency of 81.0%. Although only an illustrative model, the test results indicate that the U-value of the cavity wall structure is reduced through use of a wall anchor including a thermal spacer.
A second embodiment of a wall anchor with thermal spacer is illustrated in
Wall anchor 140 includes an elongate body that extends along the longitudinal axis 150 of the anchor from a driven end portion 152 to a driving end portion 154. The driven end portion 152 includes a threaded portion 156 configured for attachment to an inner wythe (e.g., a metal stud). Wall anchor 140 is used as described above with reference to wall anchor 40. Wall anchor 140 includes a dual-diameter barrel having a smaller diameter barrel or first shaft portion 158 and a larger diameter barrel or second shaft portion 160. A drive head 162 is located at the driving end portion 154 of the anchor 140. The elongate body includes a flange 164 at the junction of the drive head 162 and the barrel 160. The drive head 162 defines a receptor or aperture 168 for receiving a portion of a veneer tie, as described above.
The wall anchor 140 includes a thermal spacer 186 that is configured to provide a thermal break in the wall anchor. The main components of the wall anchor are preferably made of metal (e.g., steel) to provide a high-strength anchoring system. Alternatively, the wall anchor can be made of plastic or other suitable material. In one embodiment, the main components of the wall anchor are made of stainless steel. Through the use of a thermal spacer 186, the thermal transmission values of the wall anchor are lowered. The thermal spacer 186 is preferably a non-conductive material. For example, the thermal spacer 186 can be ceramic, plastic, epoxy, carbon fiber, a non-conductive metal, or other non-conductive material.
As seen in
A third embodiment of a wall anchor with thermal spacer is illustrated in
Wall anchor 240 includes an elongate body that extends along the longitudinal axis 250 of the anchor from a driven end portion 252 to a driving end portion 254. The driven end portion 252 includes a threaded portion 256 configured for attachment to an inner wythe (e.g., a metal stud). Wall anchor 240 is used as described above with reference to wall anchor 40. Wall anchor 240 includes a single diameter barrel 260. The barrel 260 comprises a hollow body having a circumferential wall 259 defining an open interior 261. A drive head 262 is located at the driving end portion 254 of the anchor 240. The elongate body includes a flange 264 at the junction of the drive head 262 and the barrel 260. The drive head 262 defines a receptor or aperture 268 for receiving a portion of a veneer tie, as described above. The elongate body includes an axial end surface 263 at a free end of the barrel 260 opposite the drive head 262.
The wall anchor 240 includes a thermal spacer 286 that is configured to provide a thermal break in the wall anchor. The main components of the wall anchor 240 are preferably made of metal (e.g., steel) to provide a high-strength anchoring system. Alternatively, the wall anchor can be made of plastic or other suitable material. In one embodiment, the main components of the wall anchor are made of stainless steel. Through the use of a thermal spacer 286, the thermal transmission values of the wall anchor are lowered. The thermal spacer 286 is preferably a non-conductive material. For example, the thermal spacer 286 can be ceramic, plastic, epoxy, carbon fiber, a non-conductive metal, or other non-conductive material.
As seen in
The thermal spacer 286 is configured to provide a thermal break between the barrel 260 and an inner wythe to which the barrel is attached. Thus, when the wall anchor 240 is attached to an inner wythe as part of an anchoring system, the thermal spacer 286 interrupts the thermal pathway through the cavity wall. In other words, the transmission of heat between the outer wythe (via a veneer tie attached to the outer wythe and attached to the wall anchor 240) and the inner wythe (via the wall anchor attached to the inner wythe) of a cavity wall is reduced. The thermal spacer 286 preferably has a thickness selected to provide a thermal break between the wall anchor 240 and an inner wythe. For example, in one embodiment, the thermal spacer 286 has a thickness t of about 0.688 inches (17.475 mm).
A fourth embodiment of a wall anchor with thermal spacer is illustrated in
Wall anchor 340 includes an elongate body that extends along the longitudinal axis 350 of the anchor from a driven end portion 352 to a driving end portion 354. The driven end portion 352 includes a threaded portion 356 configured for attachment to an inner wythe (e.g., a metal stud). Wall anchor 340 is used as described above with reference to wall anchor 40. Wall anchor 340 includes a single diameter barrel 360. The barrel 360 comprises a hollow body having a circumferential wall 359 defining an open interior 361. A drive head 362 is located at the driving end portion 354 of the anchor 340. The elongate body includes a flange 364 at the junction of the drive head 362 and the barrel 360. The drive head 362 defines a receptor or aperture 368 for receiving a portion of a veneer tie, as described above. The elongate body includes an axial end surface 363 at a free end of the barrel 360 opposite the drive head 362.
The wall anchor 340 includes a thermal spacer 386 that is configured to provide a thermal break in the wall anchor. The main components of the wall anchor 340 are preferably made of metal (e.g., steel) to provide a high-strength anchoring system. Alternatively, the wall anchor can be made of plastic or other suitable material. In one embodiment, the main components of the wall anchor are made of stainless steel. Through the use of a thermal spacer 386, the thermal transmission values of the wall anchor are lowered. The thermal spacer 386 is preferably a non-conductive material. For example, the thermal spacer 386 can be ceramic, plastic, epoxy, carbon fiber, a non-conductive metal, or other non-conductive material.
As seen in
The thermal spacer 386 is configured to provide a thermal break between the barrel 360 and an inner wythe to which the barrel is attached. Thus, when the wall anchor 340 is attached to an inner wythe as part of an anchoring system, the thermal spacer 386 interrupts the thermal pathway through the cavity wall. In other words, the transmission of heat between the outer wythe (via a veneer tie attached to the outer wythe and attached to the wall anchor 340) and the inner wythe (via the wall anchor attached to the inner wythe) of a cavity wall is reduced. The thermal spacer 386 preferably has a thickness selected to provide a thermal break between the wall anchor 340 and an inner wythe. For example, in one embodiment, the thermal spacer 386 has a thickness t of about 0.688 inches (17.475 mm).
At least one opening 396 extends through the wall 359 of the barrel 360. As illustrated in
The anchors as described above serve to thermally isolate the components of the anchoring system, thereby reducing the thermal transmission and conductivity values of the anchoring system as a whole. The anchors provide an insulating effect and an in-cavity thermal break, severing the thermal pathways created from metal-to-metal contact of anchoring system components. The present invention maintains the strength of the metal and further provides the benefits of a thermal break in the cavity.
Having described the invention in detail, it will be apparent that modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defined in the appended claims.
When introducing elements of the present invention or the preferred embodiment(s) thereof, the articles “a”, “an”, “the” and “said” are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms “comprising”, “including” and “having” are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.
In view of the above, it will be seen that the several objects of the invention are achieved and other advantageous results attained.
As various changes could be made in the above products without departing from the scope of the invention, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description and shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 14/959,931, filed Dec. 4, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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Number | Date | Country | |
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20170342707 A1 | Nov 2017 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 14959931 | Dec 2015 | US |
Child | 15680992 | US |