1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus and its system, which conduct energy interconversion or thermal energy transfer in different forms, particularly to a thermoelectric apparatus, a direct energy conversion system, and an energy conversion system, which directly convert or transfer thermal energy existing in the natural world to electric energy and chemical energy.
2. Description of the Related Art
Since the invention is the invention that has been developed based on publicly known and publicly used techniques (the forms of energy use by thermoelectric transducers) without conducting related art search, the related art known by the applicant does not fall in the documented publicly known invention. Hereinafter, the forms of energy use publicly known and publicly used will be described.
In the recent forms of energy use, most of them irreversibly utilize fossil fuels, nuclear power, and hydroelectric power. Particularly, the consumption of fossil fuels is a factor that increases global warming and environmental destruction. With the consumption of photovoltaic power, wind power, or hydrogen gas as so-called clean energy, it is only recently that an effort to implementing a reduction in load against environments has been started, but it is far to replace fossil fuels and nuclear power.
A thermoelectric transducer using the Seebeck effect (hereinafter, it is called a Seebeck device) is known as a device that converts thermal energy existing in the natural world to a directly usable form such as electric power, and it is being studied and developed for alternative energy to the fossil fuels and nuclear power. The Seebeck device is configured in which two types of conductors (or semiconductors) having different Seebeck coefficients are contacted with each other, and the difference between the numbers of free electrons of both conductors causes electrons to move and generate a potential difference between the two conductors. Thermal energy is applied to the contact to make free electrons to move actively, which allows thermal energy to be converted to electric energy. It is called the thermoelectric effect.
However, a direct power generator device like the Seebeck device as described above cannot obtain sufficient electric power, and has limitations for use as a small-scale energy source. Therefore, in reality, the form of applications has also limitations.
Generally, the Seebeck device as described above is a device that combines a heating module (the high temperature side) with a cooling module (the low temperature side). Moreover, a thermoelectric device utilizing the Peltier effect (hereinafter, it is called a Peltier device) is also a device that combines a heat absorbing module with a heat generating module. More specifically, in the Seebeck device, the heating module thermally, mutually interferes with the cooling module, and in the Peltier device, the heat absorbing module thermally, mutually interferes with the heat generating module. Thus, the Seebeck effect and the Peltier effect decay over time.
Therefore, when the Peltier device and the Seebeck device are used to construct large-scale energy conversion facilities, it is unrealistic because physical limitations are imposed on installation locations for the facilities. Furthermore, the energy use that utilizes the typical Peltier device and Seebeck device is one-way use. For example, there is no technical concept to configure a circulating form such that the energy once used is used again.
Future energy development has to intend not to cause global warming or environmental destruction and to intend reuse. This is a great problem essential for energy development in future.
The invention is to solve the problem, and to provide a thermoelectric apparatus, a direct energy conversion system, and an energy conversion system, which utilize (reuse) thermal energy in the natural world, the energy exhaustlessly existing in the natural world with no pollution, to obtain various forms of energy such as thermal energy, electric energy, and chemical energy.
A system that can obtain an energy source satisfying the purpose needs to have a thermally open system and a circulating type form. More specifically, the invention provides an electric circuit system which can conduct thermal energy transfer by a Peltier device between areas apart from a given distance, directly convert thermal energy to electrical potential energy by a Seebeck device, and utilize the electrolysis of electrolyte solutions and water to convert electrical potential energy to chemical potential energy to easily store, accumulate and transfer energy.
For example, the system can effectively use and reuse thermal energy in the natural world with no use of fossil fuels, convert the thermal energy to electric energy for use as electric power, convert it to chemical energy, and thus construct an open energy recycling system. Therefore, a direct energy conversion system can be provided which can reduce global warming and have little environment load accompanied by pollution.
The teachings of the invention can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Next, embodiments of the invention will be described.
As described in Summary of the invention, the Seebeck device (or the Peltier device) has a problem caused by the fact that the heating module is combined with the cooling module (or the heat absorbing module is combined with the heat generating module) into one device. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the inventor focused attention on separating the heating module from the cooling module (the heat absorbing module from the heat generating module) of the Seebeck device (the Peltier device). Then, an experiment was conducted to confirm whether the heating module can be separated from the cooling module (the heat absorbing module can be separated from the heat generating module) as the device still has the characteristics, that is, the heating module and the cooling module (the heat absorbing module and the heat generating module) can be configured independently.
Hereinafter, a thermoelectric apparatus, a direct energy conversion system and an energy conversion system of embodiments according to the invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the embodiments, the entire direct energy conversion system utilizing natural energy is operated in an open system, and thus it is necessary to take notice that ‘the principle of increase of entropy which is held only in a closed system’ cannot be applied.
First, the basic technical concept (the principle) of the invention will be described.
As shown in
Symbols φA(T), φM(T), and φB(T) in
As described above, when no external electric field is applied, electrons are moved so that the Fermi level EF of the first conductive member A, the Fermi level EF of the joining member M, and the Fermi level EF of the second conductive member A are the same level, the contact potential difference VBM between the second conductive member B and the joining member M is ‘φB(T)−φM(T)’, and the contact potential difference VMA between the joining member M and the first conductive member A is ‘φM(T)−φA(T)’.
In this state, when an external electric field is applied from the second conductive member B in the direction of the first conductive member A to carry current, the free electron flow in the conducting band and the electron flow in the charged band associated with the movement of holes go from the first conductive member A in the direction of the joining member M, and further from the joining member M in the direction of the second conductive member B. Moreover, since the drift velocity of free electrons by the external electric field is smaller than the thermal velocity of free electrons, it can be ignored.
Here, when attention is focused on an electron group of the free electron flow that goes from the first conductive member A in the direction of the joining member M and further from the joining member M to the second conductive member B, the total energy of the individual electrons in the marked electron group corresponds to a total sum of the electrical potential energy and the kinetic energy by the thermal velocity. The physical process that the marked electron group thus flows from the first conductive member A to the joining member M and from the joining member M to the second conductive member B is an electronically adiabatic process that external energy is not added to the marked electron group because each of the joint surface areas is small enough.
More specifically, when the marked electron group flows from the first conductive member A in the direction of the joining member M and from the joining member M to the second conductive member B side, the thermal energy of electrons is decreased by an increase in the electrical potential energy of electrons in each of the boundary surfaces (two boundary surfaces in
The thermal velocity of the marked electron group reduced in each of the boundary surfaces causes thermal energy to be absorbed from free electron groups and conductive member atoms existed in the joining member M and the second conductive member B before at vary fast in equally distributed time, and thus a heat absorption phenomenon occurs near the boundary between the first conductive member A side of the joining member M and the joining member M side of the second conductive member B. The physical process like this is a physical mechanism that causes the heat absorption phenomenon by the Peltier effect. No heat absorption phenomenon described above occurs near the boundary between the joining member M side of the first conductive member A and the second conductive member B side of the joining member M.
Then, when an external electric field is reversed to inverse the direction of current (when the external electric field is applied from the first conductive member A in the direction of the second conductive member B), in reverse to
Consequently, the kinetic energy in each of the boundary surfaces is increased by a reduction in the electrical potential energy of electrons, the thermal velocity of the electrons flowed into each of the boundary surfaces is increased, and thus a heat generation phenomenon occurs near each of the boundaries between the second conductive member B side of the joining member M and the joining member M side of the first conductive member A. Furthermore, no heat generation phenomenon occurs near the boundary between the joining member M side of the second conductive member B and the first conductive member A side of the joining member M.
In order to carry current, it is necessary to configure a closed circuit. In typical Peltier devices, a Peltier device circuit is configured to have a joining structure of ‘the conductive member A (T), the joining member M (T), and the conductive member B (T)’ in which the joining member M having a small absolute Seebeck coefficient is interposed between the first conductive member A and the second conductive member B and current is carried therethrough by an external power source. The greater the difference in the absolute Seebeck coefficient between the first conductive member A and the second conductive member B is in the Peltier device circuit thus configured, the greater the heat generation value or the heat absorption value becomes by the Peltier effect. The absolute Seebeck coefficient is a coefficient unique to the conductive member having temperature dependency.
In the Peltier device circuit where the closed circuit is thus configured, unless a great enough heat dissipation member (a member having a high heat dissipation effect) removes heat generation energy on the heat generation side, the conducting bands of the conductive member A (T), the joining member M (T), and the conductive member B (T) are to have equal, significantly high temperature, because these three members have excellent thermal conductivity as shown in
Consequently, a great amount of electrons in the charged band are thermally excited to the conducting bands, the Fermi level EF is greatly increased to cause the electrical potentials of all the three conductors to be equal as ‘φA(T)=φM(T)=φB(T)’. When this state is made, the Peltier effect described in the principle is gone, and electric power externally added is consumed only for Joule heating the electrical resistance in three conducting bands. In order not to brought into this state, in general household electrical appliances and computers having a Peltier device circuit therein, a structure is adopted in which a great heat absorption body and heat dissipation material or an electrical fan are disposed on the heat generation side (near the heat generation side) of the Peltier device to suppress the dissipation of the Peltier effect.
On the contrary, in the invention, a coupling material (for example, two wiring materials) having excellent electrical characteristics (for example, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity) is used to separate the heat generation side from the heat absorption side of the Peltier device circuit at a predetermined distance to form a thermally open system (for example, with the use of a coupling member (wiring material of long distance) that can secure a distance with no thermally mutual interference between the heat generation side and the heat absorption side), and the heat generation side and the heat absorption side are placed in thermally independent environments (different temperature environments) to prevent the Peltier effect from never being dissipated as well as the Peltier effect can be used.
In the Peltier device circuit thus configured, when the external electric field shown in
In the case where two sets of the configurations shown in
The invention is configured by joining two sets of units formed of two conductive members having different Seebeck coefficients with a coupling member, and the Peltier effect that carries current by the external electric field and the Seebeck effect that serially connects the contact potential differences without applying any external electric field have the similar physical basis. More specifically, the invention utilizes two features of the Peltier effect and the Seebeck effect having the similar physical mechanisms.
As shown in
Moreover, the surfaces of the first conductive member A11 and the second conductive member B12 opposite to the joining member d13 is joined to the surfaces of the first conductive member A21 and the second conductive member B22 opposite to the joining member d23 with a coupling member of excellent thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity (a wiring material formed of copper, gold, platinum, and aluminum) 24. Then, a direct-current power supply Ex is serially connected to a part of the coupling member 24 (for example, the center part of one conductive member) to configure a pair of Peltier effect heat transfer electric circuit systems having the joining members 13 and 23 as a heat absorbing module and a heat generating module, respectively.
It is necessary that the coupling member 24 has length such that at least the first thermoelectric transducer 10 does not thermally, mutually interfere with the second thermoelectric transducer 20. Theoretically, the length can be set variously from a very short length about a few microns to a few hundreds kilometers.
The circuit system thus configured is a system that can separate the heat absorbing module (that is, a negative thermal energy source) from the heat generating module (that is, a positive thermal energy source) at a given distance to independently utilize the two positive and negative thermal energy sources.
In addition, in connecting between the thermoelectric transducers 10 and 20 with the coupling member 24, it is acceptable that the coupling members are directly connected to the individual conductive members except the portions where the joining members (d13 and d23) are contacted with the conductive members (A11, B12, B21, and B22) (hereinafter, it is called a joining member opposite part). Furthermore, for example, as shown in
Here, in the circuit configured as shown in
Consequently, a heat absorption phenomenon and a heat generation phenomenon by the Peltier effect occurred in the first thermoelectric transducer 10 and the second thermoelectric transducer 20 at the both ends of the circuit (that is, the joining members d13 and d23), and it was confirmed that the Peltier effect was not dissipated and was kept also in the configuration in which the first thermoelectric transducer 10 of the heat absorbing module was separated from the second thermoelectric transducer 20 of the heat generating module. Furthermore, when the direction of current fed was reversed, it was also confirmed that the heat absorption phenomenon and the heat generation phenomenon at the both ends were reversed.
Subsequently, when the distance between the first thermoelectric transducer 10 and the second thermoelectric transducer 20 was apart at 5 mm in the circuit shown in
On the other hand, when the distance between the first thermoelectric transducer 10 and the second thermoelectric transducer 20 was apart at 2 m, as shown in
Then, data was obtained for three times each in the case where the heat absorbing module of the first thermoelectric transducer 10 was artificially heat controlled by the external heat source to keep a temperature of 10° C. (when heat controlled) and the case where artificial heat control was not done (before heated) in the state that the temperature Tα of the heat absorbing module of the first thermoelectric transducer 10 came to equilibrium with the temperature Tβ of the heat generating module of the second thermoelectric transducer 20 in the circuit shown in
In addition, in
The results shown in
Therefore, it could be confirmed that the Peltier effect circuit shown in
In addition, for the temperature dependency, securing at least the distance that maintains the relationship ‘the temperature Tα of the heat absorbing module<the temperature Tβ of the heat generating module’ can obtain the Peltier effect by the configuration different from the configuration shown in
The external direct-current power supply EX was removed from the Peltier effect circuit shown in
In the circuit system shown in
In the circuit system shown in
Here, in the circuit system configured as shown in
Furthermore, since the Seebeck effect directly converts temperature difference to electrical potential energy, for example, in the configuration shown in
As the first and second embodiments described above, the idea has never been considered before that the conductive members configuring the Peltier device and the Seebeck device are separated at a given distance with the coupling member having excellent thermal conductivity. The thermal energy transfer in the configuration like this has a physical mechanism as the principle in which the electronically thermal insulation phenomenon described in detail above and the current carried through the coupling member of excellent thermal conductivity at the rate of electromagnetic waves allow instantaneous transfer even though the heat absorbing module side is apart from the heat generating module side of the circuit system at a long distance.
The transfer mechanism of thermal energy is assumed that an electron group electromagnetically pushes its adjacent electron group and this slight move propagates through electron groups in the conductor at the rate of electromagnetic waves to transfer thermal energy, not the free electron group in the conductor (for example, the coupling member) itself carrying thermal energy. Physically, heat generation and heat absorption occur independently at any places in the circuit system, but heat absorption energy and heat generation energy in the heat absorbing module and the heat generating module where the same amount of the current I is carried consequently become the same amount (nearly the same amount) by the current continuity principle of the electric circuit system configured, and the energy conservation law is held.
In a third embodiment, based on the basic technical concept of the invention, specific configurations for achieving an object of the invention (for example, specific examples of the configurations shown in the first and second embodiments) will be described.
(1) First, as similar to the first and second embodiments, a first thermoelectric transducer 10 and a second thermoelectric transducer 20 are placed in different temperature environments (T1 and T2) apart from a predetermined distance, and each of joining member opposite parts of a first conductive member A11 and a second conductive member B12 of the thermoelectric transducer 10 is joined to each of joining member opposite parts of a first conductive member A21 and a second conductive member B22 of the thermoelectric transducer 20 with a coupling member of excellent thermal conductivity (wiring material formed of copper, gold, platinum, and aluminum) 24a. Then, an external direct-current power supply Ex and a switch SW1 are connected to a part of the coupling member 24a to configure a thermal energy transfer module G1 formed of a pair of Peltier effect heat transfer electric circuit systems that the joining members d13 and d23 shown in
It is necessary to provide a length to the coupling member 24a so that at least the first thermoelectric transducer 10 does not thermally, mutually interfere with the second thermoelectric transducer 20. Theoretically, the length can be set variously from a very short length about a few microns to a few hundreds kilometers or longer.
The switch SW1 of the thermal energy transfer module G1 is turned on to drive the external direct-current power supply Ex. Thus, thermal energy is transferred from the heat source side (the heat source side of the temperature T1) in the direction of an electric power generating module G2 (an electric power generating module G2 formed of 2 m of thermoelectric transducers 30, described later, (m is a natural number; two transducers are used in
(2) The electric power generating module G2 using the Seebeck effect is disposed on the heat generation side of the thermal energy transfer module G1 through the insulating material Is. For the electric power generating module G2, in order to increase output voltage by the Seebeck effect, 2n of thermoelectric transducers 30 formed of a first conductive member A31 and a second conductive member B32 having different Seebeck coefficients joined with a joining member d33 are used (n is a natural number; six transducers are used in
The switch SW2 is turned on to heat the environmental temperature of the heat absorbing module of the heat absorption device 30a (the joining member d33 of the heat absorption device 30a) in the electric power generating module G2 to the temperature T2 by the thermal energy transferred through the insulating material Is, and the environmental temperature of the heat generating module of the heat generation device 30b (the joining member d33 of the heat generation device 30b) to the temperature T3 or the environmental temperature is air-cooled or water-cooled, if necessary to the temperature T3. The state ‘T2>T3’ is maintained to generate electrical potential energy in the electric power generating module G2. Furthermore, as shown in
(3) An electric power feedback module G3 is configured in which the thermal energy transfer module G1 (a part of the coupling member 24a) is connected to the electric power generating module G2 (a part of the coupling member 24b) with a coupling member 24c so that the output voltage (electrical potential energy) generated in the electric power generating module G2 is positively fed back to the thermal energy transfer module G1. A switch SW3 is connected to a part of the coupling member 24c.
Then, the switch SW2 and the switch SW3 are turned on, and the switch SW1 is turned off to cut off the external direct-current power supply. Thus, the output voltage generated in the electric power generating module G2 is positively fed back to the thermal energy transfer module G1 by the electric power feedback module G3, current is kept carried through the circuit system using the Peltier effect in the thermal energy transfer module G1, and thermal energy transfer by the thermal energy transfer module G1 is also maintained. More specifically, the circuit system is to be kept driven as long as the thermal energy of the heat source is finally used as the thermal energy of the heat source in the module G1.
Moreover, the circuit system shown in
Furthermore, in order to check the Seebeck effect in the electric power generating module G2 of the circuit shown in
(1) In the circuit system shown in
(2) A switch SW3 of the electric power feedback module G3 is turned on to positively fed back the output voltage generated in the electric power generating module G2 by the Seebeck effect to the Peltier effect heat transfer system in a thermal energy transfer module G1.
(3) The positive feedback in (1) allows carrying current through the Peltier effect heat transfer circuit in the thermal energy transfer module G1 for thermal energy transfer, and the thermal energy increases the temperature T2 (the joining member of the second thermoelectric transducer 20 in the thermal energy transfer module G1 increases its temperature to the temperature T2 in
(4) In the circuit system shown in
More specifically, in the circuit system using an external direct-current power supply Ex as shown in
In addition, in symbols in the drawing, IL denotes load current, and RL denotes load resistance, which are the same in embodiments and examples described later. Furthermore, for the electrolyzer used as the load circuit 61, those generally commercially available can be used. Moreover, the configurations of a thermal energy transfer module G1 and the electric power generating module G2 are the same as those in
In the fifth embodiment, the electrical potential energy generated in the electric power generating module G2 can be converted to chemical potential energy of hydrogen gas (H2) and oxygen gas (O2) for use by the electrolyzer for electrolyzing water disposed in the electrolyzer module G4, for example. Moreover, the conversion of electrical potential energy to chemical potential energy allows securing energy easily pressurized, compressed, stored, accumulated and transferred.
Besides, chemical potential energy is positively fed back to the thermal energy transfer module G1 and the electric power generating module G2 through the electric power feedback module G3, and thus current is kept carried to the circuit systems using the Peltier effect and the Seebeck effect in the thermal energy transfer module G1 and the electric power generating module G2 as well as thermal energy transfer by the thermal energy transfer module G1 and electric power generation by the electric power generating module G2 can be maintained.
In the circuit system shown in
When the improved self-driven heat transfer system shown in
As similar to the electric power generating module G2, the thermoelectric transducers 30 used for the direct thermal energy-electric power converting module G5 are serially connected in multistage by a coupling member 24, a heat absorption device 30a in each of the thermoelectric transducers 30 is disposed on the high temperature side (three devices are disposed in
According to the configuration of the seventh embodiment, the direct conversion circuit system that can drive by itself can obtain electrical potential energy and chemical potential energy from thermal energy.
First, a plurality of thermoelectric transducers 10 of the heat absorption device are placed in different temperature environments (five thermoelectric transducers 10 are placed in the environments at the temperatures T1a to T1e in
Then, a joining member opposite part of a first conductive member A11 and a second conductive member B12 in each of the thermoelectric transducers 10 is joined to a joining member opposite part of one or more of a first conductive member A21 and a second conductive member B22 in each of the thermoelectric transducers 20 with a coupling member 24. Furthermore, one part or more of each of the coupling members (two parts in
Accordingly, the circuit system that cannot lose the Peltier effect and can maintain it can be configured, and thermal energy can be transferred from a plurality of environments at different temperatures to another plurality of environments.
First, a plurality of thermoelectric transducers 10 of the heat absorption device are placed in different temperature environments (the temperatures T1a to T1c in
Then, a joining member opposite part of a first conductive member A11 and a second conductive member B12 in each of thermoelectric transducers 10 is joined to a joining member opposite part of any one of a first conductive member A21 and a second conductive member B22 in each of thermoelectric transducers 20 with a coupling member 24, and thus the individual thermoelectric transducers 10 and 20 are serially connected. Moreover, a part of any one of the individual coupling members is cut to form into an output voltage terminal (a symbol VOUT).
Accordingly, thermal energy existing in a plurality of environments at different temperatures can be directly converted to electrical potential energy by the Seebeck effect, and it can be utilized as an electric power source through the output voltage terminal.
First, to each of thermoelectric transducers 20 of a Peltier effect thermal energy transfer circuit formed of a plurality of thermoelectric transducers 10 and 20 (that is, corresponding to a thermal energy transfer module G1), a plurality of heat absorption devices 30a are disposed (a single heat absorption device is disposed to each of the thermoelectric transducers 20 (the temperatures T3a and T3b) in
Then, a joining member opposite part of a first conductive member A11 and a second conductive member B12 in each of the heat absorption devices 30a is joined to a joining member opposite part of one or more of a first conductive member A21 and a second conductive member B22 in each of heat generation devices 30b (a single joining member opposite part in
Accordingly, electrical potential energy and chemical potential energy can be obtained from thermal energy transferred from a plurality of environments at different temperatures, and the electrical potential energy and chemical potential energy are positively fed back to the Peltier effect thermal energy transfer circuit to allow keeping the Peltier effect without loosing it.
In addition, the individual circuit systems of the configurations described in
Furthermore, as shown in
Moreover, for the conductive member forming the thermoelectric transducers shown in each embodiment, solid solutions are known as thermoelectric materials in low temperature areas (for example, room temperature) such as Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, and Sb2Te3. For thermoelectric materials in high temperature areas exceeding at temperature 1000 K, Ce3Te4, La3Te4, and Nd3Te4 are known in addition to SiGe alloys. For thermoelectric materials in medium temperature areas, PbTe and AgSbTe—GeTe multi-compounds and Mg2Ge—Mg2Si are known. Preferably, a given conductive member is selected in consideration of temperatures in environments where a thermoelectric transducer is used.
Besides, the same material or different materials may be used for p-type and n-type conductive members that make a pair to configure a thermoelectric transducer. A given combination can be selected in accordance with temperatures in environments where a thermoelectric transducer is used.
Next, more specific examples will be described on the thermoelectric apparatus and the direct energy conversion system using the thermoelectric apparatus as the circulating type energy source acquiring system in the first to tenth embodiments.
In
(1) Since the seawater about 10 meters below water always flows at a stable temperature (a constant temperature), it is a stable thermal energy source throughout the year. The stable thermal energy in the seawater is transferred (long distant energy transfer) from the thermoelectric transducer group 101a on the heat absorption side to the thermoelectric transducer group 101b on the heat generation side by the Peltier effect heat transfer circuit system shown in
A Seebeck effect device group (not shown in the drawing; corresponding to the individual heat absorption devices 30a in
(2) Instead of placing the thermoelectric transducer group 101a on the heat absorption side in the seawater as (1), the thermoelectric transducer group 101a is placed in a river. The thermal energy in the river water is energy transferred at a medium distance to the thermoelectric transducer apparatus 101b on the heat generation side by the same means as (1) (the same means used for long distance energy transfer). The Seebeck effect device group is closely contacted with the thermoelectric transducer group 101b to energy convert from thermal energy to electrical potential energy. Thus, infrastructure facilities such as power plants of no pollution utilizing natural energy can be constructed everywhere in Japan as similar to (1).
(3) Instead of placing the thermoelectric transducer group 101a on the heat absorption side in the seawater and the river water as (1) and (2), the thermoelectric transducer group 101a is placed on a ground (the region γ in
(4) The electric power obtained in the regions in (1) to (3) (electric power obtained by the infrastructure facilities such as power plants) is utilized for water electrolysis, based on the fifth to seventh, and tenth embodiments, for example, and thus electrical potential energy is energy converted to chemical potential energy of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas.
The hydrogen gas and oxygen gas accumulated by chemical potential energy are pressurized, compressed and stored in containers. Thus, transfer is facilitated, and the chemical potential energy source can be supplied and stored everywhere in Japan. The hydrogen and oxygen are again reacted with each other to convert to power energy and thrust energy and are used for hydrogen fuel cells, and thus energy can be utilized in accordance with purposes.
(5) Since wastes (products) generated in utilizing the chemical potential energy of hydrogen and oxygen of (4) is water, environment load as pollution is nearly zero.
(6) The energy sources from environments utilized in (1) to (5) are a part of that sunlight from the sun to the earth is converted to thermal energy, and are emitted outside the earth as radiant energy over time. The exemplary forms are ‘circulating type and sustainable energy utilization’ that uses a part of energy flows obtained from the sun.
(1) Since a typical photovoltaic power generation device used for house roofs reflects almost all the sunlight energy, it cannot effectively utilize the energy. Then, the photovoltaic power generation device is placed over the house roof, the thin light absorbing material 103 is placed thereon as closely contacted with the both sides of the photovoltaic power generation device, and the thermoelectric transducer group 102a on the heat absorption side is placed with respect to the light absorbing material 103.
Accordingly, the light absorbing material 103 absorbs black energy to convert almost all the sunlight energy to thermal energy. Then, a Peltier effect heat transfer circuit system shown in
(2) The example shown in
Accordingly, the orientation of current is inversed in the Peltier effect heat transfer circuit system shown in
(3) A Seebeck effect device group (not shown in the drawing; corresponding to the individual heat absorption devices 30a in
(4) The medium-scale power generator in (3), for example, is utilized to conduct water electrolysis based on the fifth to seventh, and tenth embodiments, and then electrical potential energy can be energy converted to chemical potential energy of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas. Therefore, as similar to the first example, the system utilizing chemical energy in accordance with purposes can be installed in the regions and homes.
For example, air around living environments always has some thermal energy unless it is at absolute zero Kelvin. The thermal energy held by the air around the living environments is utilized, that is, the description of small-scale examples is as follows.
(1) The thermoelectric transducer on the heat absorption side (or the transducer group) is placed apart from the thermoelectric transducer on the heat generation side (or the transducer group) at a required distance (a distance that the Peltier effect device group on the heat absorption side does not thermally, mutually interfere with the Peltier effect device group on the heat generation side) in the Peltier effect heat transfer circuit system (or a plurality of Peltier effect heat transfer circuit systems). Since the two transducer groups in the Peltier effect heat transfer circuit system can be used independently in accordance with the purpose for use, based on the first embodiment, for example, the cooling side is disposed in an indoor air conditioner and a refrigerator or a freezer and the heat generation side is disposed on a water heater, a pot, and a cooking heater. Thus, a cooler (cooling) and a heater can be used in a paired form at home without using large external electric power (also in this case, when the improved Peltier effect heat transfer system is used, various home appliances paired with cooling and heating can be used with no use of external electric power).
(2) Furthermore, the Peltier effect heat transfer circuit system is reduced in size to a portable form. Thus, for indoors, outdoors and camping areas, for example, various appliances paired with cooling and heating can be produced such as a small-sized refrigerator, pot, and cooking appliance.
(3) Specific examples of schemes for removing undesired heat in large-, medium-, and small-seized computers, personal computers, small-sized power sources, solids, liquids, and gases, and schemes for utilizing the removed heat are as follows.
For example, inside a typical computer, a central processing unit (CPU) device is a main heat generation source in the computer in operating. In order to remove the heat of the CPU device, currently a cooling thermal module is used that has a thickness of within about 1 cm using a Peltier effect device, the heat absorption side of the Peltier effect device is closely contacted with the CPU device, and a radiator plate and a small-sized fan for removing heat (small fan) are mounted on the heat generation side for forced heat exhaustion. Therefore, there are evitable problems of wasted electric power, airflow noise by the fan, and other noises.
On the other hand, when the invention is used, the space between the heat absorption side and the heat generation side in the Peltier effect heat transfer circuit system is separated from each other by the coupling member of excellent thermal conductivity at a few centimeters to a few meters, for example, in accordance with the computer size, the heat absorption side is closely contacted with the CPU device, and the heat generation side is mounted on a computer box of a large surface area and an external heat dissipation metal body or on a water heater. Thus, heat exhaustion with no noises and electric power savings can be intended at the same time.
Furthermore, in the invention, according to the circuit system that uses the improved Peltier effect heat transfer system and does not require external electric power, small-sized power sources and small-sized devices for removing undesired heat in solids, liquids, and gases can be commercialized, in addition to computers.
The following is the other exemplary applications of the invention. In the case of liquid, in an automatic vending machine that sells cold drinks and hot drinks, for example, the heat absorption side in a Peltier effect heat transfer circuit system is placed on the cold drink side, and the heat generation side in the Peltier effect heat transfer circuit system is placed on the hot drink side. Thus, such automatic vending machines using the improved Peltier effect heat transfer system can be developed that can dramatically reduce external electric power and that do not need external electric power.
Moreover, in the case of gas, heaters are paired in accordance with fish showcases and meat freezers, and thus circulating type devices can be implemented in a configuration combined with cooling, storage, heating and heat insulation with low energy and no pollution.
All the examples utilizing the improved Peltier effect heat transfer systems according to the invention are ‘the open energy recycling system that does not need fuels such as fossil fuels and external electric power and conducts thermal energy transfer based on thermal energy in the natural world and various types of energy conversion’, and can provide ‘the system that reduces global warming with less environment load accompanied by pollution’.
As described above, only the described specific examples are explained in detail in the invention. However, it is apparent for persons skilled in the art that various modifications and alterations can be done within the scope of the technical concept of the invention and such modifications and alterations of course belong to claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2002-355922 | Dec 2002 | JP | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP03/15502 | 12/4/2003 | WO | 6/3/2005 |