Patent Application
20050181871
The present invention relates to a three dimensional image processing program, a three dimensional image processing method, and a video game device for displaying a plurality of objects that move inside a virtual three dimensional space.
A variety of video games that display objects such as characters and the like in a virtual three dimensional space that is produced in a monitor screen have grown popular in recent years. Many of these video games have sports-related themes such as skiing, surfing, ice skating, snowboarding, and the like. In order to satisfy the desires of users, video games having these types of sports themes must, to the greatest degree possible, duplicate the unique characteristics of each sport and provide the user with the feeling that they are actually participating in it. For example, a video game having a skiing or snowboarding theme should allow the user to feel as if he or she is competing in a snowfall.
In Step S101, the arithmetic processing unit initializes the parameters for snowflakes. In Step S102, the arithmetic processing unit calculates a camera matrix for converting from a world coordinate system to a camera coordinate system. Note that the computational routine that computes this camera matrix can be calculated by employing a preexisting library in the video game device.
In Step S103, the arithmetic processing unit assigns the value 1 to the loop counter i. In Step S104, the arithmetic processing unit computes the new post-movement position coordinates of snowflakes by adding the speed at which they move and the external force applied thereto to their initial position coordinates. In Step S105, the arithmetic processing unit converts the post-movement position coordinates of the snowflakes from the world coordinate system to the camera coordinate system. In Step S106, the arithmetic processing unit determines whether or not the post-movement position coordinates of a snowflake is within a display area in which the snowflakes can be displayed. The process then moves to Step S108 if the post-movement position coordinates of a snowflake are within the display region (Step S106 is yes), and moves to Step S107 if the post-movement position coordinates of a snowflake are outside the display area (Step S106 is no).
In Step S107, if it is determined that the post-movement position coordinates of a snowflake are outside the display area, the arithmetic processing unit will reconstruct the snowflake data. In Step S108, the arithmetic processing unit will perform a rendering process on the snowflake. In Step S109, the arithmetic processing unit will increment the loop counter i upward by 1.
In Step S110, the arithmetic processing unit will determine whether or not the loop counter i is less than a predetermined number of snowflakes. All of the snowflakes will be rendered by repeating the processes of Steps S104 to Step S109 for only the number of times that is equal to the number of snowflakes. This means that if it is determined that the loop counter i is less than the number of snowflakes (Step S110 is yes), then there are snowflakes that have not yet been rendered and thus the process returns to Step S104. If it is determined that the loop counter i is greater than the number of snowflakes (Step S110 is no), all of the snowflakes have been rendered and the process moves to Step S111. In Step S111, the arithmetic processing unit will update each snowflake parameter. In Step S112, the arithmetic processing unit will carry out a game execution process. Then, after the game execution process has been carried out, the process returns to Step S102.
In the prior art three dimensional image process flowchart shown in
In order to solve the aforementioned problems, it is an object of the present invention to provide a three dimensional image processing program, three dimensional image processing method, and video game device that can reduce the burden on the arithmetic processing device of the video game device and render a large number of objects.
The present invention disclosed in claim 1 is a three dimensional image processing program for rendering a plurality of objects that move within a three dimensional space and controlling a video game device, the program comprising:
According to the invention disclosed in claim 1, the three dimensional image processing program renders a plurality of objects that move within a virtual three dimensional space and operates a video game device, and is comprised of position coordinate computation means that computes the post-movement position coordinates of an object within a virtual three dimensional space, position coordinate modification means that modifies the post-movement position coordinates of the objects such that the post-movement position coordinates of the objects calculated by the position coordinate computation means are kept within a predetermined display area, and rendering means that renders the objects that were updated such that they are kept within the display area by the position coordinate modification means.
Here, the post-movement position coordinates of objects that move within the virtual three dimensional space are computed, and the post-movement position coordinates of the objected calculated thereby are modified such that the post-movement position coordinates are kept to the display area in which the objects are displayed. Then, the objects in which the post-movement position coordinates thereof were modified to be within the display area are rendered.
Thus, after the initial parameters of the objects have been established, the post-movement position coordinates of the objects within the virtual three dimensional space are computed. Next, the post-movement position coordinates of the objects that were calculated thereby are modified such that they are kept within the display area in which the objects are displayed. When this occurs, the burden on the arithmetic processing unit can be reduced, and a large number of objects can be rendered, because it will no longer be necessary to conduct switch processing to determine whether the post-movement position coordinates of the objects are within the display area.
According to the present invention disclosed in claim 2, the display area is rectangular in shape; and
According to the invention disclosed in claim 2, the display area in which the objects can be displayed is rectangular in shape, and the position coordinate modification means modifies the post-movement position coordinates of the objects such that the post-movement position coordinates are kept within the display area by subtracting the length of at least one side of the rectangular display area from the post-movement position coordinates of the objects.
In other words, the post-movement position coordinates of objects that are outside the display area can be returned to inside the display area by subtracting the length of at least one side of the rectangular display area in which objects can be displayed from the post-movement position coordinates of the objects. Thus, unlike in the prior art, there is no need to employ switch processing to determine whether or not the post-movement position coordinates of the objects are inside the display area.
In the invention disclosed in claim 3, the position coordinates of the objects are expressed in integers; and
In the present invention according to claim 3, the position coordinates of the objects are expressed as integers, and the position coordinate modification means keeps the objects inside the display area by means of a mask process that acquires the low order bits of the position coordinates of the objects.
In other words, because the position coordinates are expressed as integers, bit computation can be employed to compute the post-movement position coordinates of the objects. Thus, computational speed can be increased when compared to situations in which floating point values are used for the position coordinates of the objects. Furthermore, by mask processing the post movement position coordinates of the objects, when the length of at least one side of the rectangular display area is subtracted from the post-movement position coordinates of the objects, not only will it become unnecessary to conduct switch processing in order to determine whether or not the post-movement position coordinates of the objects are inside the display area, as found in the prior art, but the objects can be kept inside the display area with a simple computational process.
In the invention according to claim 4, the video game device can be further controlled by a texture storage means that stores a plurality of textures that have different shapes; and
In the invention disclosed in claim 4, the video game device can be further controlled by a texture storage means that stores a plurality of textures that have different shapes, and the rendering means renders the objects based upon the textures stored in the texture storage means.
In other words, because the objects are rendered based upon textures stored in the texture storage means, a variety of objects can be expressed by storing a plurality of textures having different shapes therein, and the contents of video game can be diversified.
In the invention disclosed in claim 5, the textures include textures that express snow.
According to the invention disclosed in claim 5, the textures include textures that express snow.
In other words, snowfall can be duplicated in a video game by rendering objects with textures that express snow. Thus, by storing a plurality of different types of snow textures having different shapes, a plurality of different types of snow textures can be employed and various shapes of snow can be expressed. By rendering snow that is expressed in a variety of shapes, a great variety of different snowfalls can be duplicated, and a snowfall that feels real can be produced.
In the invention disclosed in claim 6, a video game device comprises an arithmetic processing unit that can execute a variety of processes including a switch processing, and a render processing unit that is provided exclusively for render processing;
According to the invention disclosed in claim 6, a video game device comprises an arithmetic processing unit that can execute a variety of processes including switch processing and a render processing unit that is provided exclusively for render processing, and the render processing unit functions as the position coordinate computation means and the position coordinate modification means.
In other words, the arithmetic processing unit is capable of executing a variety of processes, including switch processing. The rendering process device is not provided with a complex arithmetic processing function for switch processing and the like, but instead has a simple arithmetic processing function so that it can conduct arithmetic processing at high speeds. Here, switch processing is not involved in the process of computing the post-movement position coordinates of objects in a virtual three dimensional space, nor in the process of modifying the post-movement position coordinates of objects calculated thereby such that they are kept inside the display area in which the objects are displayed. Thus, the process of computing the post-movement position coordinates of objects and the process of modifying the post-movement position coordinates of objects are not executed by the arithmetic processing unit, and thus the burden on the arithmetic processing unit can be reduced because these processes are executed on a render processing unit that can conduct these calculations faster than the arithmetic processing unit.
In the invention disclosed in claim 7, a three dimensional image processing method for rendering a plurality of objects that move within a three dimensional space comprises the steps of:
According to the invention disclosed in claim 7, the three dimensional image processing method renders a plurality of objects that move within a virtual three dimensional space, and includes a position coordinate computation step in which the video game device computes the post-movement position coordinates of objects within a virtual three dimensional space, a position coordinate modification step in which the video game device modifies the post-movement position coordinates of the objects such that the post-movement position coordinates of the objects computed in the position coordinate computation step are kept within a predetermined display area, and a rendering step in which the video game device renders the objects that were modified in the position coordinate modification step so as to supply them within the display area.
Here, the post-movement position coordinates of objects that move within the virtual three dimensional space are computed, and the post-movement position coordinates of the objected calculated thereby are modified such that the post-movement position coordinates are kept to the display area in which the objects are displayed. Then, the objects in which the position coordinates thereof were modified so as to be within the display area are rendered.
In other words, after the initial parameters of the objects have been established, the post-movement position coordinates of the objects within the virtual three dimensional space are computed. Next, the post-movement position coordinates of the objects that were calculated thereby are modified such that they are kept within the display area in which the objects are displayed. When this occurs, the burden on the arithmetic processing unit can be reduced, and a large number of objects can be rendered, because it will no longer be necessary to conduct switch processing to determine whether the post-movement position coordinates of the objects are within the display area.
In the invention disclosed in claim 8, a video game device that renders a plurality of objects that move within a virtual three dimensional space comprises:
According to the invention disclosed in claim 8, the video game device renders a plurality of objects that move within a virtual three dimensional space, and is comprised of position coordinate computation means that computes the post-movement position coordinates of an object within a virtual three dimensional space, position coordinate modification means that modifies the post-movement position coordinates of the objects such that the post-movement position coordinates of the objects calculated by the position coordinate computation means are kept within a predetermined display area, and rendering means that renders the objects that were modified by the position coordinate modifying means such that they are kept inside the display area.
Here, the post-movement position coordinates of objects that move within the virtual three dimensional space are computed, and the post-movement position coordinates of the objects computed thereby are modified such that the post-movement position coordinates are kept to the display area in which the objects are displayed. Then, the objects in which the post-movement position coordinates thereof were modified so as to be within the display area are rendered.
In other words, after the initial parameters of the objects have been established, the post-movement position coordinates of the objects within the virtual three dimensional space are computed. Next, the post-movement position coordinates of the objects that were calculated thereby are modified such that they are kept within the display area in which the objects are displayed. When this occurs, the burden on the arithmetic processing unit can be reduced, and a large number of objects can be rendered, because it will no longer be necessary to conduct switch processing to determine whether the post-movement position coordinates of the objects are within the display area.
These and other objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which, taken in conjunction with the annexed renderings, discloses a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Referring now to the attached renderings which form a part of this original disclosure:
A video game device according to one embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the figures.
The video game device shown in
The home video game unit 100 includes a CPU (central processing unit) 1, a bus line 2, a graphics data generating processor 3, an interface circuit (I/F) 4, a main memory 5, a ROM (read only memory) 6, an expansion circuit 7, a parallel port 8, a serial port 9, a rendering processor 19, a sound processor 11, a decoder 12, an interface circuit (I/F) 13, buffers 14 to 16, a storage medium drive 17, a memory 18, and a controller 19. The home television 200 includes a television monitor 21, an amplifier 22, and a speaker 23.
The CPU 1 is connected to the bus line 2 and the graphics data generating processor 3. The bus line 2 includes an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, and the like, and the CPU 1, the interface circuit 4, the main memory 5, the ROM 6, the expansion circuit 7, the parallel port 8, the serial port 9, the rendering processor 10, the sound processor 11, the decoder 12, and the interface circuit 13 are mutually connected thereto.
The rendering processor 10 is connected to the buffer 14. The sound processor 11 is connected to the buffer 15 and the amplifier 22. The decoder 12 is connected to the buffer 16 and the storage medium drive 17. The interface circuit 13 is connected to the memory 18 and the controller 19.
The television monitor 21 of the home television 200 is connected to the rendering processor 10. The speaker 23 is connected to the amplifier 22. Note that with a commercial video game device, the television monitor 21, the amplifier 22, and the speaker 23 can be stored in one chassis together with each block that makes up the home game device 100.
In addition, if a personal computer, a workstation, or the like forms the core of the video game device, the computer display will correspond to the television monitor 21. Furthermore, the expansion circuit 7, the rendering processor 10, and the sound processor 11 correspond to a portion of the program data that is stored in the storage medium or the hardware on an expansion board that is mounted in an expansion slot on the computer. Moreover, the interface circuit 4, the parallel port 8, the serial port 9, and the interface circuit 13 correspond to the hardware on an expansion board that is mounted in an expansion slot of a computer. In addition, the buffers 14 to 16 each correspond to the main memory 5 or each memory area in an expansion memory.
Next, each system component shown in
The primary processes that the graphics data generating processor 3 carries out are a process in which address data on a target image process is calculated based upon the coordinate data of each vertex from the image data, movement data of each vertex from the image data, and rotation data of each vertex from the image data that are supplied from CPU 1 and is then returned to the CPU 1, and a process which computes the brightness of an image in response to the distance from a virtual light source.
The interface circuit 4 is employed as an interface for a peripheral device, e.g., a pointing device such as a mouse, a trackball, or the like. The main memory 5 is comprised of RAM (random access memory) and the like. Program data that serves as the operating system for the video game device is stored in the ROM 6. This program corresponds to the BIOS (basic input output system) of a personal computer.
The expansion circuit 7 expands compressed images that conform to the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) standard for moving pictures or the JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) standard for still pictures. Here, the images are compressed by means of the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) process, a quantization process, an encoding process, or the like. Compressed images are expanded by means of an inverse encoding process, inverse quantization process, IDCT (Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform) process, a decode process (decoding data encoded by Variable Length Code), and the like.
The rendering processor 10 conducts a rendering process in the buffer 14 based upon rendering commands issued by the CPU 1 every predetermined time period T (e.g., T= 1/60 sec. for 1 frame).
The buffer 14 is comprised of RAM, for example, and is divided into a display area (frame buffer) and a non-display area. The display area is used as an expansion area for data that will be displayed on the display screen of the television monitor 21. The non-display area is used as a storage area for data that defines skeletons, model data that defines polygons, animation data that creates movement in models, pattern data that illustrates the details of each animation, texture data, color palette data, and the like.
Here, the texture data is two dimensional image data. The color palette data is data for specifying the color of texture data and the like. These data are read out one or a plurality of times from the storage medium 300 in response to the execution state of the game, and are stored in advance in the non-display area of the buffer 14 by means of the CPU 1.
The rendering commands include a rendering command which renders three dimensional images with polygons, and a rendering command which renders normal two dimensional images. Here, the polygons are two dimensional figures that have multiple angles, e.g., a triangle or a square. Coordinate data that illustrates the vertexes of the polygon coordinates is polygon vertex coordinate data.
The rendering commands that render three dimensional images with polygons are carried out with polygon vertex address data that points to the position in which the polygon vertex coordinate data is stored in the buffer 14, texture address data that points to the position in which textures that are placed on the polygons is stored in the buffer 14, color palette address data that points to the position in which the color palette data that illustrates the color of the textures is stored in the buffer 14, and brightness data that indicates the brightness of the textures.
The polygon vertex address data points to the address of the polygon vertex coordinate data in the display area of the buffer 14.
The polygon vertex address data is used by the graphics data generating processor 3 to permute three dimensional polygon vertex coordinate data to two dimensional polygon vertex coordinate data by converting these coordinates based upon movement data and rotation data. The polygon vertex address data is evaluated by substituting three dimensional polygon vertex coordinate data which is converted on the basis of movement data and rotation data by the graphics data generating processor 3 with two dimensional polygon vertex coordinate data. The brightness data is computed by the graphics data generating processor 3 in response to the distance from an image displayed by the polygon vertex coordinate data after coordinate conversion to a virtually positioned light source.
The rendering processor 10 writes texture data to the regions of the display area in buffer 14 to which three polygon vertex address data point to.
Objects such as characters and the like in the game space are comprised of a plurality of polygons. The CPU 1 links the coordinate data for each polygon in the virtual three dimensional space to vector data for skeletons that correspond thereto and stores this coordinate data in the buffer 14. Here, by operating the controller 19 (described below), the following processes will be carried out when character movement is displayed on the display screen of the television monitor 21 and when the view point of the character changes.
The CPU 1 provides the graphics data generating processor 3 with three dimensional coordinate data on the vertexes of each polygon stored in the non-display area of the buffer 14, and movement and rotation data for each polygon that is obtained from the skeleton coordinates and the rotation data therefor.
Then, the graphics data generating processor 3 sequentially obtains post-movement and post-rotational three dimensional coordinate data for each polygon based upon the three dimensional coordinate data for the vertexes of each polygon and the movement and rotational data for each polygon.
From amongst the three dimensional coordinate data for each polygon that was obtained in this manner, coordinate data in the horizontal and vertical directions is supplied to the rendering processor 10 as address data in the display area of the buffer 14, or in other words, as polygon vertex address data.
When this occurs, the rendering processor 10 writes texture data that is pointed to by the texture address data to the region of the display area of the buffer 14 that the three polygon vertex address data point to. In this way, objects comprising a plurality of polygons on which textures have been applied thereto are displayed on the display screen of the television monitor 21.
The rendering command that renders normal two dimensional images is carried out with vertex address data, texture address data, color palette address data, and brightness data. From amongst these data, the vertex address data is evaluated by two dimensional vertex coordinate data which is converted on the basis of the movement data and rotation data obtained from the CPU 1 by the graphics data generating processor 3.
The sound processor 11 stores APCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) data read out from the storage medium 300 in the buffer 15. The ADPC data stored in the buffer 15 is the sound source.
In addition, the sound processor 11 reads out the ADPCM data from the buffer 15 based upon a clock signal, e.g., a clock signal having a frequency of 44.1 kHz. The sound processor 11 conducts processes such as pitch conversion, noise supplementation, envelope settings, level settings, and reverb settings, and the like for the ADPCM data read out from the buffer 15.
If the sound data read out from the storage medium 300 is PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) data such as CD-DA (Compact Disk Digital Audio), the sound processor 11 will convert the PCM data to ADPCM data. The processes of the program that relate to PCM data are directly carried out in the main memory 5. The PCM data processed in the main memory 5 is stored in the sound processor 11 and converted to ADPCM data. After this, each of the aforementioned processes are carried out, and sound is output from the speaker 23.
A DVD-ROM drive, CD-ROM drive, hard disk drive, optical disk drive, floppy disk drive, silicon disk drive, a cassette tape reading device, or the like can be employed as the storage medium drive 17. In this case, a DVD-ROM, CD-ROM, hard disk, optical disk, floppy disk, a semiconductor memory, or the like can be employed as the storage medium 300.
The storage medium drive 17 reads out image data, sound data, and program data from the storage medium 300, and supplies this data to the decoder 12. The decoder 12 carries out an error correction process on the data from the storage medium drive 17 by means of ECC (Error Correction Code). Then, the data on which the error correction process was carried out is supplied to the main memory 5 or the sound processor 11.
A card type memory, for example, can be employed as the memory 18. A card type memory is employed, for example, to save various game parameters at the point at which a game was interrupted.
The controller 19 is a control device that a user uses to input a variety of operational commands, and sends operation signals to the CPU 1 in response to operation by a user. The controller 19 is provided with a first button 19a, a second button 19b, a third button 19c, a fourth button 19d, a move up key 19U, a move down key 19D, a move left key 19L, a move right key 19R, an L1 button 19L1, and L2 button 19L2, an R1 button 19R1, an R2 button 19R2, a start button 19e, a select button 19f, a left stick 19SL, and a right stick 19SR.
The move up key 19U, the move down key 19D, the move left key 19L, and the move right key 19R are, for example, used to provide the CPU 1 with commands that make a character and/or a cursor move up, down, left, and right on the screen of the television monitor 21.
The start button 19e is used, for example, to instruct the CPU 1 to load the game program from the storage medium 300. The select button 19f is used, for example, to instruct the CPU 1 to make a variety of selections relating to the game program loaded into the main memory 5 from the storage medium 300.
Except for the left stick 19SL and the right stick 19SR, each button and key on the controller 19 is comprised of an on/off switch that is turned on when it is pressed down from a neutral position by applying a pressing force from the exterior thereof, and turned off when the pressing force is released and the switch returns to its neutral position.
The left switch 19SL and the right switch 19SR are stick type controllers that each have the same general structure as that of a so-called joystick. This stick type controller has a stick that stands upright. This stick is structured so that it has a 360 degree range of motion, and can be tilted forward, backward, left and right from a central erect position. In response to the direction and angle at which they are tilted, the left stick 19SL and the right stick 19SR will send out operation signals to the CPU 1 via the interface circuit 13. The operation signals correspond to x coordinate values in the left/right direction and y coordinate values in the forward/backward direction in which the erect position is the origin.
Note that the first button 19a, second button 19b, third button 19c, fourth button 19d, L1 button 19L1, L2 button 19L2, R1 button 19R1, and R2 button 19R2, are used in various functions of the game program loaded from the storage medium 300.
Next, a summary of how the video game device operates will be provided. If the storage medium 300 is loaded into the storage medium drive 17, when the power switch (not shown in the figures) is turned on and the video game device is supplied with power, the CPU 1 will instruct the storage medium drive 17 to read out the game program from the storage medium 300 based upon the operating system stored in the ROM 6. When this occurs, the storage medium drive 17 will read out the image data, sound data, and program data from the storage medium 300. The image data, sound data, and program data read out therefrom is supplied to the decoder 12, and the decoder 12 carries out an error correction process on each type of data.
The image data on which the decoder 12 has carried out the error correction process is supplied to the expansion circuit 7 via the bus line 2. After the expansion process noted above is carried out by the expansion circuit 7, the image data is supplied to the rendering processor 10, and the rendering processor 10 then reads this data into the non-display area of the buffer 14. The sound data on which the decoder 12 has carried out the error correction process is read into the main memory 5 or the sound processor 11 via the buffer 15. The program data on which the decoder 12 has carried out the error correction process is read into the main memory 5.
After this, the CPU 1 executes the video game based upon the game program stored in the main memory 5 and the instructions issued by a user via the controller 19. In other words, the CPU 1 carries out the appropriate controls for image processing, sound processing, and internal processing, based upon the instructions issued by a user via the controller 19.
Control of the image processing includes, for example, computing the coordinates of each skeleton or computing the polygon vertex coordinate data from the pattern data of each animation that is ordered for the character, supplying three dimensional coordinate data and/or view position data to the graphics data generating processor 3, issuing rendering commands that include the address data and/or brightness data in the display area of the buffer 14 that were obtained by the graphics data generating processor 3.
Control of the sound processing includes, for example, selecting the issue, level, reverb, and the like of the sound output commands for the sound processor 11. Control of the internal processing includes, for example, computations in response to the operation of the controller 19.
Lastly, a description of the video game executed based upon the game program stored in the storage medium 300 will be provided. The video game of the present embodiment has a snowboard theme. A character that is controlled by a user and which is modeled on a snowboarder slides down a course provided in a virtual three dimensional space. An image is displayed in which a large number of snowflakes move within the virtual three dimensional space, and this duplicates a snowfall during a snowboard competition. Thus, by duplicating snowfall during a snowboard competition, the user can experience the feeling of participating in an actual snowboard competition. Note that in the following description, the plurality of objects that move in the virtual three dimensional space are snowflakes.
The arithmetic processing unit 31 is, for example, effectuated by the CPU 1, and also functions as a game execution processing unit 41 when the CPU 1 executes a three dimensional image processing program stored in the main memory 5.
The game execution processing unit 41 controls the movement of the characters based upon input signals from the controller 19 operated by a user, and carries out a variety of processes relating to the execution of the video game.
The render arithmetic processing unit 32 is, for example, effectuated by the graphics data generating processor 3, and also functions as a position coordinate computation unit 42 and a position coordinate modification unit 43 when the CPU 1 executes a three dimensional image processing program stored in the main memory 5.
The position coordinate computation unit 42 computes the post-movement position coordinates of snowflakes (objects) that are in a virtual three dimensional space. Note that the position coordinates of the snowflakes are expressed by integers.
The position coordinate modification unit 43 modifies the post-movement position coordinates of snowflakes computed by the position coordinate computation unit 42 such that the snowflakes are kept inside a display box, i.e., the display area in which the snowflakes are to be displayed. This display box is rectangular in shape, e.g. cube 1 on a side in the present embodiment. The display box is provided with a virtual camera viewpoint in the center thereof, and this virtual camera viewpoint moves inside the virtual three dimensional space in response to the movement of the character. Note that the length l of one side of the display box has a value of the n-th power of 2 for the purpose of bit calculation. If the length l of one side of the display box is short, the boundaries of the display box that displays snowflakes and the boundaries of the three dimensional virtual space that does not display snowflakes will be become clear when the view angle of the virtual camera is enlarged, and thus the game screen will have an unharmonious feeling to it. Accordingly, in order to display a game screen that does not have an unharmonious feeling to it, the length l of one side of the display box is preferably 1024 bits (2n=210).
In addition, the position coordinate modification unit 43 supplies the display box with the position coordinates of the snowflakes by subtracting the length of at least one side of the display box from the post-movement position coordinates of the snowflakes. At this time, a mask process is carried out in the position coordinate modification unit 43, and the low order bit of the post-movement position coordinates of each snowflake is removed.
The render processing unit 33 is effectuated by, for example, the rendering processor 10, and renders the snowflakes inside the display box based upon textures that express snowflakes.
The data storage unit 34 is effectuated by, for example, the main memory 5, and includes a snowflake data storage unit 44.
The snowflake data storage unit 44 stores data relating to the snowflakes, and also stores their initial position coordinates in the virtual three dimensional space, the speed at which the snowflakes move, a plurality of texture types that express snowflakes that have different sizes and shapes, and the like.
The program storage unit 35 is effectuated by, for example, the storage medium drive 17, and has a computer readable storage medium 45 installed therein. The storage medium 45 is effectuated by, for example, the storage medium 300, and stores a three dimensional image processing program as a video game program. In addition, the video game program includes a control program for controlling the movement of the characters, and display data related to the displayed characters and the objects. Note that if the three dimensional image processing program is read out from the storage medium 45 and that program is stored in the main memory, the main memory 5 will function as the program storage unit 35.
The display unit 36 is effectuated by, for example, the television monitor 21. The operation unit 37 is effectuated by, for example, the controller 19.
Note that in the present embodiment, the position coordinate computation unit 42 corresponds to the position coordinate computation means, the position coordinate modification unit 43 corresponds to the position coordinate modification means, the render processing unit 33 corresponds to the render processing means, the snowflake data storage unit 44 corresponds to the texture storage means, the CPU 1 corresponds to the arithmetic processing unit, and the graphics data generating processor 3 corresponds to the render processing unit.
Note that in the variables used in the processes below, snow_max expresses the number of snowflakes displayed, snow[1˜snow_max] expresses the snowflake data, and the snowflake data (snow) is comprised of the parameters t(x, y, z), v(x, y, z), size and tex_id. t(x, y, z) expresses the initial position coordinates of the snowflakes inside the virtual three dimensional space, v(x, y, z) expresses the speed at which the snowflakes move, size expresses the size of the snowflakes, and tex_id expresses the type of snowflake texture. v_max(x, y, z) expresses the largest value of the speed at which the snowflakes move, tex_id_max expresses the largest value of the types of textures, and size_max expresses the largest value of the size of the snowflakes. tex_bitmap[1˜tex_id_max] expresses a bitmap image. cam(x, y, z) expresses the position coordinates of a virtual camera, and look(x, y, z) expresses the coordinates for pointing the virtual camera on the target. cam_mtx expresses a 4×4 camera matrix for converting from the world coordinate system to a camera coordinate system seen from the viewpoint of the virtual camera. pow(x, y, z) expresses external forces such as wind strength, and pow_total(x, y, z) expresses the integrated value of the external forces. field_length(x, y, z) expresses the length of one side of the display box. Here, x, y, and z are each expressed as factors of 2. field_length_mask(x, y, z) is the bit mask value for removing the low order bit, and field_length_mask(x, y, z)=field_length(x, y, z)−1.
In Step S1, the CPU 1 will initialize the snowflakes. Specifically, a random number between 0 and [field_length(x, y, z)−1] is assigned to snow[1˜snow_max].t(x, y, z), a random number between −v_max(x, z) to v_max(x, z) is assigned to snow[1˜snow_max].v(x, z), a random number between 1 and v_max(y) is assigned to snow[1˜snow_max].v(y), a random number between 1 and size_max is assigned to snow[1˜snow_max].size, and a random number between 1 and tex_id_max is assigned to snow[1 snow_max].tex_id. Furthermore, an initial value for an external force such as wind strength and the like that was set when the game was started is assigned to pow(x, y, z), the value 0 is assigned to pow_total(x, y, z), and the value 0 is assigned to clock.
In Step S2, the CPU 1 computes the camera matrix cam_mtx in order to convert from a world coordinate system to a camera coordinate system. The world coordinate system is the coordinate system in which an object is positioned inside a three dimensional space. The camera coordinate system is a coordinate system which is set up such that the viewpoint of the virtual camera is the origin and the viewing direction thereof is along the z axis. When attempting to display an object in a virtual three dimensional space, the coordinates thereof must be converted from the world coordinate system to the camera coordinate system. Thus a camera matrix cam_mtx will be computed in order to convert from the world coordinate system to the camera coordinate system. The camera matrix cam_mtx is computed from the position coordinates cam(x, y, z) of the virtual camera and the coordinates look(x, y, z) for pointing the virtual camera on the target. Note that the computational routine that computes the camera matrix can_mtx is computed by employing the preexisting library in the video game device.
In Step S3, the CPU 1 assigns the value 1 to a loop counter i. In Step S4, the graphics data generating processor 3 computes the post-movement position coordinates of the snowflakes. In other words, the graphics data generating processor 3 computes new post-movement position coordinates for the snowflakes t′(x, y, z) by adding the snowflake movement (the speed at which the snowflakes move snow[i].v(x, y, z) multiplied by time clock) and the external forces pow_total(x, y, z) to the initial position coordinates of the snowflakes snow[i].t(x, y, z). The method of computing the new position coordinates of the snowflakes after movement t′(x, y, z) is expressed by the following formula (1).
t′(x, y, z)=snow[i].t(x, y, z)+snow[i].v(x, y, z)×clock+pow—total(x, y, z) (1)
Note that t′(x, y, z) in the aforementioned formula (1) is a temporary process used for computational purposes, and is stored in the main memory 5.
In Step S5, the graphics data generating processor 3 mask processes the position coordinates t′(x, y, z) such that the post-movement position coordinates of the snowflakes t′(x, y, z) are kept inside the display box of the virtual camera. This mask process is expressed by the following formula (2).
t′(x, y, z)={(t′(x, y, z)−cam(x, y, z)) AND field—length—mask(x, y, z)}−(field—length(x, y, z)/2) (2)
Note that the AND in the aforementioned formula (2) is a bit operator that expresses the conjunction between t′(x, y, z)−cam(x, y, z) and field_length_mask(x, y, z).
Thus, the post-movement position coordinates of the snowflakes are mask processed by obtaining the conjunction between a value computed by subtracting the camera coordinates that express the view position of the virtual camera from the post-movement position coordinates of the snowflakes in a virtual three dimensional space, and the length of one side of the display box in which the value 1 has been subtracted therefrom for mask processing. When this occurs, only the low order bit of the position coordinates of each snowflake can be obtained. In addition, snowflakes that that go out from the display box can be returned to the inside of the display box, and thus a fixed number of snowflakes can always be displayed.
In Step S6, the graphics data generating processor 3 converts the post-movement position coordinates of the snowflakes t′(x, y, z) from the world coordinate system to the camera coordinate system. In other words, the graphics data generating processor 3 conducts a rotation only coordinate conversion of the post-movement position coordinates of the snowflakes with the camera matrix cam_mtx. This coordinate conversion is carried out by obtaining the inner product of the post-movement position coordinates of the snowflakes t′(x, y, z) and the camera matrix can_mtx, and is expressed by means of the following formula (3).
t′(x, y, z)=t′(x, y, z)·cam—mtx (3)
Note that the “·” in the aforementioned formula (3) is an operator that expresses the inner product.
In Step S7, the graphics data generating processor 3 will carry out the snowflake rendering process. This rendering process is carried out by reading the texture data expressed by snow[i].tex_id from the main memory 5 and registering it in the rendering processor 10, and then simultaneously registering both the upper left edge coordinate and the lower right edge coordinate on sprite display coordinate system in the rendering processor 10. Here, the upper left edge sprite display coordinates are expressed by t′(x, y, z)−snow[i].size, and the lower right edge sprite display coordinates are expressed by t′(x, y, z)+snow[i].size. The rendering processor 10 writes both the texture data and the upper left edge sprite display coordinates and lower right edge display coordinates to the display area of the buffer 14. In this way, snowflakes are displayed on the display screen of the television monitor 21.
In Step S8, the CPU 1 will increment the loop counter i upward by 1.
In Step S9, the CPU 1 will determine whether or not the loop counter i is less than snow_max. In other words, all of the snowflakes will be rendered by repeating the processes of Steps S4 to Step S8 for only the number of times that equals snow_max i.e., the number of snowflakes. Here, if the loop counter i is determined to be less than snow_max (Step S9 is yes), the process will return to Step S4 because there are snowflakes that have yet to be rendered, and if the loop counter i is determined to be greater than snow_max (Step S9 is no), the process moves to Step S110 because all snowflakes have been rendered.
In Step S10, the CPU 1 will update the snowflake parameters. Here, the updated parameters are the virtual camera position coordinates cam(x, y, z), the coordinates look(x, y, z) for pointing the virtual camera on the target, the external force pow(x, y, z) and the time clock. The virtual camera position coordinates cam(x, y, z) and the coordinates look(x, y, z) for pointing the virtual camera on the target are updated with the respective post-movement coordinates in response to movement of the virtual camera. The external force pow(x, y, z) is reset if the wind direction changes. The time clock is set as clock=clock+1 in order to advance the time.
In Step S11, the CPU 1 will carry out the game execution process. The game execution process is not related to the rendering of the snowflakes, e.g., it carries out the process of moving a character in response to input signals from the controller 19. Then, after the game execution process has been carried out, the process returns to Step S2.
In the three dimensional image processing flowchart shown in
Next, the burden on the arithmetic processing unit (CPU 1) and the render processing unit (the graphics data generating processor 3) in the three dimensional image process of the present embodiment (shown in the flowchart of
On the other hand, by carrying out the main arithmetic processes of the three dimensional image process of the present embodiment with the render processing unit, the burden on the arithmetic processing unit will be reduced by 69% when compared to the burden placed on the prior art arithmetic processing unit. In addition, regardless if the main arithmetic processes are carried out with the render processing unit, the burden on the render processing unit will increase only 3% when compared to the burden on the prior art render processing unit. Because of this, it is clear that the three dimensional image process of the present embodiment is more efficient and can reduce the burden on the arithmetic processing unit when compared to the prior art three dimensional image process.
Note that in the present embodiment, the position coordinates of the snowflakes use integers for bit computation. However, the present invention is not particularly limited thereto, and floating point values may be used in the position coordinates of the snowflakes. The process in which floating point values are used in the position coordinates of the snowflakes will be described. When floating point values are used in the position coordinates of the snowflakes, the formula (2) used in the process of Step S5 in the flowchart shown in
t′(x, y, z)={(t′(x, y, z)−cam(x, y, z)) MOD field—length(x, y, z)}−(field—length(x, y, z)/2) (3)
Note that the MOD in the aforementioned formula (3) is a remainder operator that expresses the value of the remainder after division. For example, if x=a MOD b, then the value of x is the remainder of the division of a by b.
If the aforementioned formula (3) is used in the process of Step S5 in the flowchart shown in
In the present embodiment, the snowflake data snow[1˜snow_max] is comprised of the parameters of the initial position coordinates t(x, y, z), movement speed v(x, y, z), snowflake size size, and texture type tex_id. However, the present invention is not particularly limited thereto, and other parameters may be used. For example, snowflake size in the horizontal and vertical directions size_x, size_y, the rotational speed of the snowflakes rot_speed, and data relating to the color of the snowflakes r, g, b, and the like may also be used as the parameters of the snowflake data snow[1 to snow_max]. When this occurs, these parameters are assigned appropriate random numbers in Step S1 of the flowchart shown in
Variables expressed in size_x, size_y can be used when the vertical and horizontal sizes of the snowflakes change. In Step S7 of the flowchart shown in
Variables that are expressed in rot_speed can be used when duplicating the rotation of snowflakes. In Step S7 of the flowchart shown in
rotate=rot—speed×clock (4)
Thus, an image of snowflakes rotating and falling can be expressed by rotating and rendering bitmap images of snowflakes with only the rotation value rotate.
Variables expressed in r, g, and b can be used when changing the colors of the snowflakes. r expresses the R (red) component parameter, g expresses the G (green) component parameter, and b expresses the B (blue) component parameter. In Step S7 of the flowchart shown in
In addition, the objects were described as snowflakes in the present embodiment, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto. For example, the objects may be rain drops. In this situation, a bitmap image that expresses a rain drop is stored as texture data, and rainfall can be duplicated by making the speed at which the rain drops move v(x, y, z) faster than the speed at which the snowflakes move. In addition, a sand storm can be duplicated by making the objects into grains of sand. Furthermore, an environment in which dust is flying about can be duplicated by making the objects into dust particles.
In addition, in the present embodiment, the processes of Step S3 to Step S7 in the flowchart of the three dimensional image process shown in
In addition, in the present embodiment, the video game described has a snowboard theme, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the present invention can be applied to video games that have outdoor sports themes, such as skiing, baseball, soccer, and the like, and can also be applied to other video games such as action games, simulation games, shooting games, role playing games, and combat games.
According to the invention disclosed in claim 1, the initial parameters of the objects are first set, the post-movement position coordinates of the objects in a virtual three dimensional space are computed, and the post-movement position coordinates of the objects computed thereby are modified such that the post-movement position coordinates are kept inside a display area in which the objects are displayed. At this time, because it is not necessary to perform a switch process in order to determine whether or not the post-movement position coordinates of the objects are in the display area, the burden on the arithmetic processing unit can be reduced and a large number of objects can be rendered when, for example, the video game device comprises a general purpose arithmetic processing unit that is capable of executing a variety of processes including switch processing.
According to the invention disclosed in claim 2, the post-movement position coordinates of objects that are outside the display area can be returned to inside the display area by subtracting the length of at least one side of the rectangular display area in which objects can be displayed from the post-movement position coordinates of the objects. Thus, the objects can be supplied inside the display area without using switch processing to determine whether or not the position coordinates of the objects are inside the display area.
According to the invention disclosed in claim 3, bit computation can be used to compute the post-movement position coordinates of the objects because the position coordinates of the objects are expressed in integers, and the computational speed can be increased compared to when floating point values are used in the position coordinates of the objects. In addition, by mask processing the post-movement position coordinates of the objects only the low order bit will be removed, and thus it becomes unnecessary to perform switch processing to determine whether or not the position coordinates of the objects are in the display area because the length of at least one side of the rectangular display area is subtracted from the post-movement position coordinates of the objects. Thus, the objects can be supplied in the display area with a simple arithmetic process.
According to the invention disclosed in
According to the invention disclosed in
According to the invention disclosed in claim 6, the arithmetic processing unit is capable of executing a variety of processes including switch processing. The render processing unit is not provided with a complex arithmetic processing function for switch processing and the like, but instead has only a simple arithmetic processing function so that it can conduct arithmetic processing at high speeds. Here, switch processing is not involved in the process of computing the post-movement position coordinates of objects in a virtual three dimensional space, nor in the process of modifying the post-movement position coordinates of objects computed thereby such that they are kept inside the display area in which the objects are displayed. Thus, the burden on the arithmetic processing unit can be reduced by executing both the process which computes the position coordinates and the process which modifies the position coordinates by means of a render processing unit that can perform computations faster than an arithmetic processing unit that cannot perform switch processing, rather than with an arithmetic processing unit that can perform switch processing.
According to the invention disclosed in claim 7, the initial parameters of the objects are first set, the post-movement position coordinates of the objects in a virtual three dimensional space are computed, and the post-movement position coordinates of the objects computed thereby are modified such that the post-movement position coordinates are kept inside a display area in which the objects are displayed. At this time, because it is not necessary to perform switch processing in order to determine whether or not the post-movement position coordinates of the objects are in the display area, the burden on the arithmetic processing unit can be reduced and a large number of objects can be rendered when, for example, the video game device comprises a general purpose arithmetic processing unit that is capable of executing a variety of processes including switch processing.
According to the invention disclosed in claim 8, the initial parameters of the objects are first set, the post-movement position coordinates of the objects in a virtual three dimensional space are computed, and the post-movement position coordinates of the objects computed thereby are modified such that the post-movement position coordinates are kept inside a display area in which the objects are displayed. At this time, because it is not necessary to perform switch processing in order to determine whether or not the post-movement position coordinates of the objects are in the display area, the burden on the arithmetic processing unit can be reduced and a large number of objects can be rendered when, for example, the video game device comprises a general purpose arithmetic processing unit that is capable of executing a variety of processes including a switch process.
This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-146638. The entire disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-146638 is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
While only selected embodiments have been chosen to illustrate the present invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. Furthermore, the foregoing description of the embodiments according to the present invention are provided for illustration only, and not for the purpose of limiting the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002-146638 | May 2002 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP03/06170 | 5/16/2003 | WO |
