The present invention relates generally to mounting hardware and in particular to mounting hardware which imitates architectural hardware and provides structural support.
Many construction projects require an assembly referred to in the art as a through bolted connection. A hole is formed to extend through the materials being connected. A bolt (optionally with a washer) is inserted into the hole on one side of the materials, the bolt having a sufficient shaft length such that the threaded end of the bolt passes through the materials and protrudes from the opposite side. A correspondingly threaded nut (optionally with a washer) is then mounted to the threaded end of the bolt. The through bolt assembly is then tightened to connect the materials together.
The making of a through bolted connection can instead use a lag bolt connector which essentially comprises a bolt whose shank is formed in the shape similar to the shank of a wood screw (i.e., a threaded taper). A pilot hole may be formed to extend through and into the materials being connected. The lag bolt (optionally with a washer) is inserted into the hole and driven into the materials until tight to connect the materials together.
A drawback of such conventional hardware connectors is that the shaft lengths of the bolts are fixed. Thus, the consumer must accurately select the proper length of the hardware for the given project. Mistakes can be made (both on the long side and short side).
Such conventional hardware connectors typically exhibit large gaps between sizes (shaft lengths) resulting in the selected fastener for a job often being much longer than required. Excess length can sometimes be cut off, but this requires additional equipment and the cut end must be treated for corrosion or paint. Excess length of hardware which is exposed can also create a safety issue. In summary, conventional hardware is configured to take up slack (i.e., the excess length) on the outside of the connection where it can be seen. It would be an advantage if a through bolted connection could address the slack issue in a way which would preclude the slack from being exposed.
An additional drawback of such conventional hardware connectors concerns appearance. This hardware typically has a utilitarian appearance. In many projects, however, the project aesthetics are incompatible with the utilitarian appearance of the mounting hardware. In such cases, trim carpentry at added expense is sometimes employed to cover the hardware. In other cases, architectural hardware components are selected for use in place of utilitarian hardware components. The term “architectural hardware” refers to hardware having antique designs. If the project budget permits, actual antique hardware components can be used, or alternatively the antique hardware components can be recreated or reproduced from same materials with the same design as the antique original. These options can be quite expensive, and thus are beyond the reach of most projects. Additionally, working with such connectors can require special skills and equipment, thus placing use and installation of architectural hardware components beyond the reach of the conventional consumer (such as a home owner).
Ease of assembly is a critical feature for conventional consumer hardware use. The “Thrulok” ™ brand of screw bolt fastening systems (by FastenMaster) presents an easy to use a through bolted connection. Unfortunately, the “Thrulok” ™ brand suffers from the same concerns described above for other through bolted connection hardware, namely fixed lengths and utilitarian appearance.
A need exists in the art for a structural through bolted connection hardware which supports adjustable length and possesses an aesthetically pleasing architectural appearance at lower cost.
In an embodiment, a through bolted connection hardware comprises: a first nut-bolt-washer connector including a first base portion and a first bolt portion extending through the first base portion; a second nut-bolt-washer connector including a second base portion and a second bolt portion extending through the second base portion; and a threaded connector having an axially extending central threaded bore configured to matingly receive the first bolt portion at a first end of the central threaded bore and matingly receive the second bolt portion at a second end of the central threaded bore.
In an embodiment, a through bolted connection hardware comprises: a first nut-bolt-washer connector including a first base portion and a first bolt portion extending through the first base portion; a second nut-bolt-washer connector including a second base portion and a second bolt portion extending through the second base portion; a threaded rod; a first threaded connector having an axially extending first central threaded bore configured to matingly receive the first bolt portion at a first end of the first central threaded bore and matingly receive a first end of the threaded rod at a second end of the first central threaded bore; and a second threaded connector having an axially extending second central threaded bore configured to matingly receive the second bolt portion at a first end of the second central threaded bore and matingly receive a second end of the threaded rod at a second end of the second central threaded bore.
In an embodiment, a hardware apparatus comprises: a cylindrical tube having a wall, a first end, a second end and a central axially extending threaded opening passing between the first and second ends; an opening formed to pass through said wall to reach the central axially extending threaded opening; and a friction pin inserted into said opening and extending into said central axially extending opening.
A more complete understanding of the method and apparatus of the present invention may be acquired by reference to the following Detailed Description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings wherein:
Reference is now made to
The hardware 10 comprises a nut-bolt-washer connector 110. The nut-bolt-washer connector 110 comprises a base portion 112 and a bolt portion 114. The base portion 112 includes comprises a disc-shaped base plate 116 with an opening 118 formed therein. The base portion 112 further includes a nut portion 120 mounted (for example through welding) to the disc-shaped base plate 116. The nut portion 120 (see, also,
The bolt portion 114 preferably has mechanical and material properties in accordance with SAE J429 Grade 8 with a proof load of 120,000 psi, a minimum yield strength of 130,000 psi and minimum tensile strength of 150,000 psi, although it will be understood that other mechanical or material properties could be selected based on application.
The hardware 10 further comprises a threaded connector 130 (see, also,
The threaded connector 130 preferably has mechanical and material properties in accordance with SAE J429 Grade 5 with a proof load of 85,000 psi, a minimum yield strength of 92,000 psi and minimum tensile strength of 120,000 psi, although it will be understood that other mechanical or material properties could be selected based on application.
The hardware 10 further comprises a threaded rod 140 (see, also,
The threaded rod 140 preferably has mechanical and material properties in accordance with SAE J429 Grade 8 with a proof load of 120,000 psi, a minimum yield strength of 130,000 psi and minimum tensile strength of 150,000 psi, although it will be understood that other mechanical or material properties could be selected based on application.
The external surface thread 144 of the threaded rod 140 matches the external surface thread of the threaded shaft portion 126 for the bolt portion 114. The internal surface thread of the central threaded bore 134 for the threaded connector 130 mates with the external surface thread 144 of the threaded rod 140 matches the external surface thread of the threaded shaft portion 126 for the bolt portion 114.
In assembling the hardware 10, with respect to one nut-bolt-washer connector 110, the shaft portion 126 of the bolt portion 114 is configured to pass through the opening 118, with the head portion resting within the opening 122 against the base plate 116. The threaded shaft portion 126 of the bolt portion 114 mates with the central threaded bore 134 of one threaded connector 130. Tightening of the bolt portion 114 secures the one threaded connector 130 to one nut-bolt-washer connector 110 (it being understood that the bolt portion 114 need not be fully tightened to the point of drawing the threaded connector 130 against the nut-bolt-washer connector 110). The pin 139 extending into the central threaded bore 134 through opening 138 functions as a friction device to resist (but not block) twisting of the threaded shaft portion 126 of the bolt portion 114 within the central threaded bore 134 of the threaded connector 130. This resistance prevents free-spinning of the threaded interconnection between bolt portion 114 and threaded connector 130 during hardware assembly. The threaded rod 140 mates with the one threaded connector 130 at a first end and with another threaded connector 130 at a second end. The pin 139 extending into the central threaded bore 134 through opening 138 functions as a friction device to resist (but not block) twisting of the threaded rod 140 within the central threaded bore 134 of the threaded connector 130. This resistance prevents free-spinning of the threaded interconnection between threaded rod 140 and threaded connector 130. With respect to another nut-bolt-washer connector 110, the shaft portion 126 of the bolt portion 114 is configured to pass through the opening 118, with the head portion resting within the opening 122 against the base plate 116. The threaded shaft portion 126 of the bolt portion 114 mates with the central threaded bore 134 of another threaded connector 130. Tightening of the bolt portion 114 secures the another threaded connector 130 to the another nut-bolt-washer connector 110 (it being understood that the bolt portion 114 need not be fully tightened to the point of drawing the threaded connector 130 against the nut-bolt-washer connector 110). The pin 139 extending into the central threaded bore 134 through opening 138 functions as a friction device to resist (but not block) mating of the threaded shaft portion 126 of the bolt portion 114 with the central threaded bore 134 of the threaded connector 130. This resistance prevents free-spinning of the threaded interconnection between bolt portion 114 and threaded connector 130 during hardware assembly.
In an alternative implementation, the external surface thread 144 of the threaded rod 140 and the outer threaded surface of the threaded shaft portion 126 for the bolt portion 114 are axially scored 148 (the scoring forming a channel-like surface feature). The scoring of the surface functions as a friction device to resist (but not block) twisting of the threaded rod 140 within the central threaded bore 134 of the threaded connector 130. This resistance prevents free-spinning of the threaded interconnection between threaded rod 140 and threaded connector 130. The scoring of the surface further functions as a friction device to resist (but not block) mating of the threaded shaft portion 126 of the bolt portion 114 with the central threaded bore 134 of the threaded connector 130. This resistance prevents free-spinning of the threaded interconnection between bolt portion 114 and threaded connector 130 during hardware assembly.
The assembled hardware 10 is shown in
Reference is now made to
Reference is now additionally made to
Indeed, the base portion 112 can easily be fabricated from off-the-shelf components. The disc-shaped base plate 116 may be a standard steel hardware washer and the nut portion 120 may be a standard steel hex nut. The hex nut may be welded to the washer with a concentric configuration. The base portion 112 may alternatively comprise a one piece cast steel or aluminum part.
Reference is now additionally made to
The cap portion 160 may comprise, for example, a steel set screw.
Reference is now made to
Reference 200 illustrates the use of a single threaded connector 130 and a pair of nut-bolt-washer connectors 110. Thus, this implementation of the hardware does not require the use of the threaded rod 140. This implementation is well suited when the thickness (W) is about equal to (only slightly larger than) the length of a single threaded connector 130. To that end, in a preferred embodiment, the threaded connectors 130 are manufactured in a number of lengths, wherein those lengths correspond to or are slightly less than standard or common thicknesses of materials to be assembled. As an example, the threaded connector 130 may be made with a length approximately equal to, generally slightly shorter than, two standard board thicknesses (such as twice the 2-inch dimension of a standard 2×4, 2×6, 2×8, 2×10, 2×12, board, i.e., slightly less than twice 1.5″).
The examples illustrated in
Reference 202 illustrates the use of a pair of threaded connectors 130, a single threaded rod 140 and a pair of nut-bolt-washer connectors 110. Although the pair of threaded connectors 130 used are each shown to have the same length, it will be understood that in some implementations the lengths of the threaded connectors 130 may be different. The amount of exposed threaded rod 140 (i.e., that portion of the rod not within the threaded connector 130) may be adjusted during assembly of the hardware 10 as describe herein so as to accommodate different thicknesses (W). Additionally, the lengths of the threaded connectors 130 chosen for the hardware 10 may be selected so as to accommodate different thicknesses (W). It will be noted that for a same thickness (W) different combinations of a pair of threaded connectors 130 and a single threaded rod 140 may be used.
Although preferred embodiments of the method and apparatus of the present invention have been illustrated in the accompanying Drawings and described in the foregoing Detailed Description, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed, but is capable of numerous rearrangements, modifications and substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth and defined by the following claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/168,649, filed on May 31, 2016, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/304,519, filed on Jun. 13, 2014, now U.S. Pat. No. 9,377,047, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application for Patent No. 61/835,281 filed on Jun. 14, 2013, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
111996 | Washbourne | Feb 1871 | A |
153500 | Seymour | Jul 1874 | A |
236723 | Sellers | Jan 1881 | A |
529683 | Herman | Nov 1894 | A |
D30898 | Paine | May 1899 | S |
721411 | Alexander | Feb 1903 | A |
933865 | Umholtz | Sep 1909 | A |
964827 | Whitmore | Jul 1910 | A |
974637 | Borup | Nov 1910 | A |
1086737 | Taylor | Feb 1914 | A |
1162467 | Fitz | Nov 1915 | A |
1368222 | Foreman | Feb 1921 | A |
1374963 | Stevenson | Apr 1921 | A |
1400531 | Dodds | Dec 1921 | A |
1401684 | Rogers et al. | Dec 1921 | A |
1480253 | Fisher | May 1923 | A |
1506005 | Kraft | Aug 1924 | A |
1507840 | Landgraf | Sep 1924 | A |
1703232 | Gray et al. | Feb 1929 | A |
1908080 | Thompson | May 1933 | A |
1994978 | Brown | Mar 1935 | A |
2278320 | Kath | May 1941 | A |
2316695 | Jaffa | Apr 1943 | A |
2816473 | Labee | Dec 1957 | A |
3042068 | Smith | Jul 1962 | A |
3174383 | Heil | Mar 1965 | A |
3204586 | Marsh, Jr. | Sep 1965 | A |
3226118 | Nehl | Dec 1965 | A |
3266828 | Baier | Aug 1966 | A |
3269228 | Mack | Aug 1966 | A |
3449997 | Couch | Jun 1969 | A |
3478639 | Gruca | Nov 1969 | A |
3492841 | Ipri | Feb 1970 | A |
3640557 | Nute, Jr. et al. | Feb 1972 | A |
D233138 | Vogel | Oct 1974 | S |
3851978 | Kuipers | Dec 1974 | A |
3965793 | Roser | Jun 1976 | A |
4033243 | Kirrish et al. | Jul 1977 | A |
4080768 | Trixl | Mar 1978 | A |
4092896 | Puchy | Jun 1978 | A |
4111568 | Wing | Sep 1978 | A |
4125140 | Basile | Nov 1978 | A |
4134438 | Frieberg et al. | Jan 1979 | A |
4207938 | Mortus | Jun 1980 | A |
D256553 | Fayle | Aug 1980 | S |
4242932 | Barmore | Jan 1981 | A |
4274754 | Cohen | Jun 1981 | A |
4281699 | Grube | Aug 1981 | A |
4436005 | Hanson | Mar 1984 | A |
D276879 | Bell | Dec 1984 | S |
D278029 | Suponitsky | Mar 1985 | S |
4507009 | Tardif | Mar 1985 | A |
4540322 | Coffia | Sep 1985 | A |
4601624 | Hill | Jul 1986 | A |
4621230 | Crouch et al. | Nov 1986 | A |
4631887 | Francovitch | Dec 1986 | A |
4632616 | Sidoti | Dec 1986 | A |
4683670 | Bates | Aug 1987 | A |
4708555 | Terry | Nov 1987 | A |
4733986 | Kenning et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
4822223 | Williams | Apr 1989 | A |
4867624 | Walley | Sep 1989 | A |
4887951 | Hashimoto | Dec 1989 | A |
D311131 | Saito | Oct 1990 | S |
4998780 | Eshler et al. | Mar 1991 | A |
5030052 | Anderson et al. | Jul 1991 | A |
5175665 | Pegg | Dec 1992 | A |
5302069 | Toth et al. | Apr 1994 | A |
5433570 | Koppel | Jul 1995 | A |
5443582 | Ching | Aug 1995 | A |
5577353 | Simpson | Nov 1996 | A |
5626449 | McKinlay | May 1997 | A |
5651651 | Spencer | Jul 1997 | A |
5697746 | Brown et al. | Dec 1997 | A |
5728136 | Thal | Mar 1998 | A |
5769144 | Carter | Jun 1998 | A |
5782078 | Brantley | Jul 1998 | A |
5904383 | Van Der Wal | May 1999 | A |
5927921 | Hukari | Jul 1999 | A |
5950506 | Busse | Sep 1999 | A |
D416192 | Tu | Nov 1999 | S |
6039140 | Painter | Mar 2000 | A |
D422202 | Maki | Apr 2000 | S |
6045312 | Hsing | Apr 2000 | A |
6047513 | Gibson | Apr 2000 | A |
6053654 | Ledingham | Apr 2000 | A |
6053683 | Cabiran | Apr 2000 | A |
D432006 | Hussaini | Oct 2000 | S |
6220804 | Pamer et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
6250841 | Ledingham | Jun 2001 | B1 |
6287045 | Ledingham et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
6295900 | Julicher et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
6309158 | Bellinghausen et al. | Oct 2001 | B1 |
D452429 | Shinjo et al. | Dec 2001 | S |
6332741 | Janusz | Dec 2001 | B1 |
6361258 | Heesch | Mar 2002 | B1 |
6387129 | Rieser et al. | May 2002 | B2 |
D459207 | Miyata | Jun 2002 | S |
6457923 | Grossman | Oct 2002 | B1 |
6478518 | Hwang | Nov 2002 | B1 |
6523309 | Finlay et al. | Feb 2003 | B1 |
6540750 | Burkhart | Apr 2003 | B2 |
6764114 | Guillon | Jul 2004 | B1 |
D512886 | Christensen | Dec 2005 | S |
D520856 | Osiecki et al. | May 2006 | S |
D524149 | Kim | Jul 2006 | S |
D551972 | Jacobs | Oct 2007 | S |
D552977 | He et al. | Oct 2007 | S |
D557132 | Shinjo | Dec 2007 | S |
D567074 | Gallien | Apr 2008 | S |
7384225 | Woolstencroft | Jun 2008 | B2 |
D581778 | Lesesky | Dec 2008 | S |
D588893 | Radich | Mar 2009 | S |
D600108 | Swan | Sep 2009 | S |
7588386 | Kielczewski et al. | Sep 2009 | B2 |
D602349 | Andersson | Oct 2009 | S |
D609999 | Andersson | Feb 2010 | S |
7658580 | Conway et al. | Feb 2010 | B1 |
D613594 | Huang | Apr 2010 | S |
D613595 | Huang | Apr 2010 | S |
D614247 | Clausen | Apr 2010 | S |
7891144 | Gilstrap et al. | Feb 2011 | B2 |
7981143 | Doubler et al. | Jul 2011 | B2 |
D643279 | Crane et al. | Aug 2011 | S |
D646153 | Andersson | Oct 2011 | S |
D646154 | Andersson | Oct 2011 | S |
8051690 | Camisasca | Nov 2011 | B2 |
D678756 | Tsai | Mar 2013 | S |
D679988 | Yamazaki | Apr 2013 | S |
8459604 | Smith et al. | Jun 2013 | B2 |
8506199 | Rump et al. | Aug 2013 | B2 |
8540201 | Gadd et al. | Sep 2013 | B2 |
D691033 | Allman | Oct 2013 | S |
D698234 | Bauer | Jan 2014 | S |
8622677 | Wu et al. | Jan 2014 | B2 |
D698637 | Su | Feb 2014 | S |
D706126 | Orow | Jun 2014 | S |
D713243 | Hsu | Sep 2014 | S |
D717207 | Fondas et al. | Nov 2014 | S |
D720785 | Sato | Jan 2015 | S |
D721423 | Jacques et al. | Jan 2015 | S |
D725461 | Kopp | Mar 2015 | S |
9004836 | Wells et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
D733546 | Balzhiser | Jul 2015 | S |
D735076 | Fondas et al. | Jul 2015 | S |
9377047 | Hill | Jun 2016 | B2 |
D760582 | Muzic | Jul 2016 | S |
D788574 | Baiz et al. | Jun 2017 | S |
D798701 | Hill | Oct 2017 | S |
D803040 | Schuit et al. | Nov 2017 | S |
D805882 | Berry | Dec 2017 | S |
D813027 | Wright | Mar 2018 | S |
9957998 | Hill | May 2018 | B2 |
D821859 | Artino | Jul 2018 | S |
D832184 | Woolstencroft | Oct 2018 | S |
D856126 | Liu | Aug 2019 | S |
D864125 | Selig | Oct 2019 | S |
D870545 | Hill | Dec 2019 | S |
D871201 | Shinjo | Dec 2019 | S |
D878194 | Lee | Mar 2020 | S |
10612581 | Rajewski et al. | Apr 2020 | B2 |
20020197132 | Cruz et al. | Dec 2002 | A1 |
20030165371 | Notaro et al. | Sep 2003 | A1 |
20040170487 | Thompson | Sep 2004 | A1 |
20050053446 | Huang et al. | Mar 2005 | A1 |
20090108149 | Goto | Apr 2009 | A1 |
20090129887 | Chang | May 2009 | A1 |
20100086348 | Funahashi et al. | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100172718 | Gong et al. | Jul 2010 | A1 |
20100196119 | Miyagawa et al. | Aug 2010 | A1 |
20110107710 | Sias | May 2011 | A1 |
20110121152 | Ghatikar | May 2011 | A1 |
20110170983 | Day et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110214461 | Camisasca | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110226096 | Berton et al. | Sep 2011 | A1 |
20110250035 | Goldberg et al. | Oct 2011 | A1 |
20120219380 | Hutter, III | Aug 2012 | A1 |
20130089388 | Liu et al. | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20130136557 | Wang | May 2013 | A1 |
20140023457 | Gaudron et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140178150 | Su et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140341649 | Bryan et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20150071731 | Scheerer | Mar 2015 | A1 |
20150093213 | Scheerer | Apr 2015 | A1 |
20160238054 | Lehtola | Aug 2016 | A1 |
20160273573 | Hill | Sep 2016 | A1 |
20170108026 | Yang | Apr 2017 | A1 |
20170138386 | Hsu | May 2017 | A1 |
20170282236 | Hutter, III | Oct 2017 | A1 |
20170284447 | Falkenstein et al. | Oct 2017 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
200985943 | Dec 2007 | CN |
201382063 | Jan 2010 | CN |
200169430 | Nov 1999 | KR |
200183592 | Mar 2000 | KR |
WO-9207198 | Apr 1992 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Curriculum Vitae of Fred Peterson Smith, presented in Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 9,957,998, Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. v. Oz-Post International, LLC, 4 pages. |
Declaration of Fred P. Smith, P.E. In Support of Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 9,957,998, Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. v. Oz-Post International, LLC, Jul. 20, 2018, 125 pages. |
English machine translation of Chinese Publication No. 21382063; translation provided to Applicant Jun. 19, 2019; 9 pages. |
English translation and certificate of translation of Chinese Publication No. 200985943; translation provided to Applicant Jun. 19, 2019; 14 pages. |
Expert Report of Fred P. Smith, Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. v. Oz-Post International, LLC, Case No. 3:18-cv-01188-WHO, Jun. 19, 2019, 99 pages. |
Fournier, Ron et al., “HPBooks: Metal Fabricator's Handbook”, The Berkley Publishing Group, p. 15. |
U.S. Appl. No. 15/338,104, filed Oct. 28, 2016, 122 pages. |
Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 9,957,998, Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. v. Oz-Post International, LLC, Jul. 23, 2018, 84 pages. |
Petitioner Power of Attorney for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Pat. No. 9,957,998, Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. v. Oz-Post International, LLC, 2 pages. |
Precision Metalforming Association, Design Guidelines for Precision Metalforming: Metal Stamping, Fabrication, Metal Spinning, Roll Forming, Secondary Operations and Related Subjects, “Spot Welding”, Fourth Edition, 2009, pp. 115-122. |
Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc.'s Invalidity Contentions Pursuant to Patent Local Rule 3-3, Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. v. Oz-Post International, LLC, Docket No. 3:18-cv-01188, Mar. 23, 2018, 458 pages. |
Steel 2 Wood Fence Bracket WAP OZ, video post date: Jun. 17, 2014 (online), https://www.homedepot.com/p/Oz-Post-Stee1-2-Wood-Fence-Bracket-WAP-OZ-50110/204675163. |
Supplemental Expert Report of Fred P. Smith, Simpson Strong-Tie Company Inc. v. Oz-Post International, LLC, Case No. 3:18-cv-01188-WHO, Jul. 16, 2020, 236 pages. |
Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Merriam-Webster Inc., 1993, p. 864. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20190085888 A1 | Mar 2019 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
61835281 | Jun 2013 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | 15168649 | May 2016 | US |
Child | 16196069 | US | |
Parent | 14304519 | Jun 2014 | US |
Child | 15168649 | US |