Patent Application
20080170993
The present invention relates to nucleoside analogues and more particularly to labeled nucleoside analogues. It has been found new thymidine analogues that can be stably labeled with a detectable label moiety. Further the present invention relates to methods of making above compounds and use of such compounds for diagnostic imaging of tumor cells and/or treatment of proliferative diseases. In addition, the present invention relates to the preparation and use of positron emitting compounds for positron emission tomography (PET).
Imaging and measuring proliferation in vivo is a very attractive target for both pre-clinical research and oncological practice, because it could offer the possibility of differentiating between benign and malignant tissues, measuring tumor aggressiveness and evaluating early response to therapy.
The S-phase is the portion of the cell cycle during which DNA replication takes place. Expression of genes related to DNA replication is maximal during early S-phase. In contrast to quiescent cells, proliferating cells synthesize more DNA during the S-phase of the cell cycle. Since radiolabeled nucleoside analogues mimic physiological nucleosides in term of cellular uptake and metabolism through the salvage pathway, they can be used as S-phase marker. Said radiolabeled nucleosides analogues can be activated in vivo either/or by both thymidine kinase (TK) and by thymidylate synthetase (TS) and incorporated to the DNA chain of the cell in DNA duplication phase.
Human cytosolic thymidine Kinase (TK1) has the most stringent substrate specificity among all nucleoside kinases allowing only phosphorylation of native thymidine/deoxyuridine Urd and, to a limited extent, analogues with minor modifications either at the 5-position (Cl, Br, I) or at the 3′-position (F, N3). Only recently it was discovered that TK1 also tolerates bulky substituents at the N-3 position, which has been exploited successfully in the design and synthesis of boronated Thd analogues for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), an experimental binary radiochemotherapeutic methods for cancer treatment (J Med Chem, 1999. 42(17): p. 3378-89, Bioorg Med. Chem., 2005; 13: 1681-9, J Med Chem., 2002; 45: 4018-28, Mini Rev Med Chem., 2004; 4: 341-50).
Abe et al. (Eur J Nucl Med 1983; 8:258-61) reported tumor uptake of 5-18F-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine in which the 5-methyl group has been replaced by 18F in AH109A tumor bearing rats. 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine undergoes cleaving of the C—N glycoside bond to generate 5-fluorouracil and several 18F soluble metabolites. It was therefore concluded that image represents a mixture of soluble 18F metabolites, DNA and RNA.
In analogous manner, Conti et al. (Nucl Med Biol. 1994 November; 21(8):1045-51) attempted PET imaging of tissue proliferation with 11C thymidine (TdR) labeled at the 5-methyl-position. Rapid degradation of 11C thymidine to metabolites including thymine, dihydrothymine, beta-ureidoisobutyric acid, and beta-aminoisobutyric acid from plasma and tissue extracts was observed. Further short half-life of 11C renders 11C-thymidine unsuitable for tissue proliferation imaging.
Hence, it was recognized that there is a clear need for a nucleoside tracers that are stable in the body, transported and incorporated into DNA.
Shields et al. (Mol Imaging Biol. 2006 May-June; 8(3):141-50) listed known thymidine radiolabeled positions such as 3′-[F-18]fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine (FLT), 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinofuranosyl)uracil (FAU), 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-Darabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (FMAU), 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-bromouracil (FBAU), and 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (FIAU). FLT, FMAU and FIAU can be phosphorylated by the cytosolic form of mammalian thymidine kinase (TK1), while FIAU is preferentially phosphorylated by the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), rather than mammalian TK1. Since FLT lacks the hydroxyl group at 3′-position the 5′-monophosphate is trapped in the cell. Lack of incorporation into DNA does not give true information about DNA proliferation.
This was confirmed by Been et al. (Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2004 December; 31(12):1659-72) reporting that 18F-fluoro-3′-deoxy-3′-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) uptake in the cell does not reflect true tumour cell proliferation rate because FLT is not incorporated into the DNA. Therefore, 18F-FLT is more of a measurement of TK1 activity as opposed to specific DNA synthesis.
Gudjonsson et al. (Nucl Med Biol 2001; 28:5945) reported subsequent investigation towards this goal centered upon 5-substituted-76Br-2′-deoxyuridines as possible imaging agents for tissue proliferation. It was theorized that the similarities of 76Br at position 5- of deoxyuridine is similar to that of methyl group of thymidine. Even though the uptake of radioactivity was higher in the tumours than in brain parenchyma, only an average of 9% of the radioactivity was found in the DNA fraction. Hence it cannot be used for assessment of proliferation potential.
Haihao Sun et al. (J Nucl Med. 2005 February; 46(2):292-6) reported that 18F-1-(2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)thymidine (FMAU) is selectively retained in DNA of the proliferating tissues and is resistant to degradation. FMAU shows high uptake in other tissues such as heart, kidney and liver tissues. But the uptake into cells is too low for sufficient signal intensity. Hence, there is a need of efficient imaging agent targeting selectively cell proliferation.
Toyohara et al. (Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2006: 33: 751-764) compared in vitro derivative of 2′-deoxyuridine containing a fluoroalkyl groups (i.e. methyl and ethyl group) at the C5 position to derivative thymidine containing a fluoroalkyl groups (i.e. methyl, ethyl and propyl group) at the N3-position. The latter derivatives are phosphorylated by recombinant thymidine kinase 1 (TK-1), are potent substrate of a mouse erythrocyte transporter and are not degraded by recombinant Escherichia coli thymidine phosphorylase.
Further Toyohara et al. (Nuclear Medicine and Biology, 2006: 33: 765-772) reported that despite N3-(2-[18F]fluoroethyl)-thymidine acceptable properties in vitro, the said compound is not a suitable ligand for imaging tumor cell proliferation
CA 2 252 144 A1 discloses a dual acting anti-tumor drug comprising a moiety of butanoyl- or retinoyl-groups and a hydroxy-containing anti-tumor group such as a nucleoside analogs connected to one another at the position 3′ of the sugar moiety. The disclosed compounds have a complex structure.
Hence there is a clear need for stable and efficient marker being also useful for treatment of proliferative diseases. Indeed true radiolabelled tracers are needed. Such tracer should not only be substrates for human cytosolic TK1 but also should have the ability to be incorporated into DNA by virtue of the presence of 3′-hydroxy group so as to render true measurement of DNA proliferation.
It has been surprisingly found that the compounds of the invention are transported into the cell and are activated by thymidine kinase and/or thymidylate synthetase enzymes then converted to the corresponding triphosphates, followed by incorporation into DNA.
This phenomenon produces images which corresponds to true measure of tissue proliferation.
The present invention relates to nucleoside analogues and more particularly to labeled nucleoside analogues. It has been found new thymidine analogues that can be labeled with a detectable label moiety. In a preferred embodiment, the thymidine analogue will contain a positron emitting moiety. In addition the current invention provides method for the preparation of detectable thymidine analogues useful for imaging as well as for therapeutic applications. The invention relates also to kit comprising new thymidine analogues.
Accordingly, it is the object of the present invention to provide compounds, compositions, and methods to identify susceptible tumors in biopsy specimens or via external imaging, and/or inhibit or reduce the replication or spread of tumor cells.
It is an object of the present invention to provide compounds and methods useful for external imaging applications. In preferred embodiments, the invention includes the selection, preparation, and uses of nucleosides labeled with fluorine-18 (18F), a positron emitter.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a treatment for tumors and other diseases characterized by abnormal cell proliferation by administrating these compounds or compositions either alone or in combination with other agents that inhibit tumor growth and/or with other classes of therapeutics used to treat such diseases.
It is another object of the present invention to assess the impact of other treatments (e.g., by radiotherapy or other drugs) upon tumor growth and to monitor the efficacy of supportive treatments. In preferred embodiments the supportive treatments may be bone marrow transplant and/or stimulation by growth factors. In other preferred embodiments, the present invention may be used to monitor and assess the course of liver regeneration after surgery or injury. In preferred embodiments, the treatments will be drugs intended to inhibit thymidylate synthetase. The methods of the present invention permit treatment individualization using surrogate markers such as external imaging. Other embodiments of the invention may be useful in selecting the most effective drugs to be used against tumors in humans.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for monitoring the expression of genes introduced in gene therapy applications.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments.
The present invention provides compounds, compositions, and methods for diagnosing and/or treating proliferative diseases. The compounds of the present invention include nucleoside analogues which are activated by thymidine kinase (TK) and/or thymidylate synthetase (TS) enzymes in an effective amount for diagnosis or to reduce or inhibit the replication or spread of tumor cells.
In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to a compound of Formula I
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula I, R3 is a benzoyl. In a further preferred embodiment R3 is higher alkyl. Preferably the higher alkyl is C6 to C18 alkyl chain. More preferably the higher alkyl is a C8 to C18 alkyl chain. More preferably the higher alkyl is a C8 to C12 alkyl chain. The alkyl chain being preferably linear.
In a further preferred embodiment R3 is [alkoxyl]n-alkyl wherein n is 1 to 10. More preferably [alkoxyl]n-alkyl is selected from
In a further preferred embodiment R3 is benzoyl-alkyl.
Each preferred embodiment of R3 can be combined to each other wherein R3 refers to 1 to 3 listed embodiments.
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula I, R1 is selected from O, S and C(═CH2).
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula I, R2 is a C1 to C4 alkyl. More preferably R2 is CH3.
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula I, R4 is defined as a bond or Aryl-L
In a more preferred embodiment the aromatic moiety is a phenyl.
In a more preferred embodiment, L is selected from —C(O)N(H) and —SO2—N(Me)-.
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula I, the radioisotope label R5 is selected from 18F, 77Br, 76Br, 123I, 124I, 125I, and 11C. In a more preferred embodiment, the radioisotope label R5 is 18F.
The radioisotope label is bound to the thymidine derivative of the present invention by the method provided below or by any known methods. The thymidine derivative becomes a radioactive entity when the radioisotope label is labeled to the thymidine derivative. The production of the radioactive entity occurs well before injection to the patient.
The radioisotope labels of the claimed invention are of small size and do not need any chelating moiety to be labeled to thymidine derivative. The radioisotope label does not include chelating moiety.
A preferred series of compounds of the invention include derivatives having the following structures:
Thymidine analogues labeled with positron emitting atoms such as 18F are more useful for imaging.
In a second aspect, the invention is directed to a compound of formula (II)
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, PG is selected from a group comprising
In further preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, PG is selected from a group comprising
In a more preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, PG is (1-alkoxy)-cycloalkyl. More preferably (1-alkoxy)-cycloalkyl is (1-methoxy)cyclohexyl.
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, Z is selected from a group comprising
In further preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, Z is selected from a group comprising
More preferably alkoxy is methoxy.
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, Q is selected from a group comprising
In further preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, Q is selected from a group comprising
More preferably C1-C5 linear or branched alkyl is methyl.
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, E is selected from a group comprising
In further preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, E is selected from a group comprising
More preferably lower linear or branched alkyl is methyl or tert-butyl.
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, R7 is independently from each other selected from a group comprising
In further preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, R7 is independently from each other selected from a group comprising
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, the leaving group (LG) is selected from
In preferred embodiments of compounds of Formula II, R6 is a benzoyl. In a further preferred embodiment R6 is a C1 to C7 alkyl chain or C8 to C18 alkyl chain. More preferably R6 is independently C1 to C7 or C8 to C12 alkyl chain. More preferably R6 is C8 to C18 alkyl chain.
In a further preferred embodiment R6 is [alkoxyl]n-alkyl wherein n is 1 to 10. More preferably [alkoxyl]n-alkyl is selected from
In a further preferred embodiment R6 is benzoyl-alkyl.
Each preferred embodiment of R6 can be combined to each other wherein R6 refers to 1 to 3 embodiments.
R1, R2 and R4 preferred embodiments disclosed above for compounds of formula I apply also for compounds of formula II.
A preferred series of compounds of Formula II include derivatives having the following structures:
In a third aspect, the invention is directed to the use of compounds of formula I as diagnostic imaging agent. Optionally compounds of formula II a precursor of compounds of formula I can be used instead of compound of formula I. In other words, the invention is directed to the use of a compound of formula I for the manufacture of diagnostic imaging agent.
In a preferred embodiment the use of compounds of formula I is directed to the use of compounds of formula I as diagnostic imaging agent for positron emission tomography (PET). The diagnostic imaging agent can be used for imaging tissue proliferations, hyperplastic inflammation, benign tumours or malignant tumours.
In a preferred embodiment the above disclosed use applies to compound abstained below and named compound of formula III.
Additionally, the third aspect of the present invention is directed to a method for diagnosing tissue proliferations, hyperplastic inflammation, benign tumours or malignant tumours comprising the steps of
In a preferred embodiment, the diagnosis is a diagnosis concerning localization, progress or determination of therapeutic effect of tissues proliferation, hyperplastic inflammation or benign or malignant tumours.
In a fourth aspect, the invention is directed to the use of compounds of formula I as medicament. Optionally compounds of formula II are precursor of compounds of formula I. In other words, the invention is directed to the use of a compound of formula I for the manufacture of medicament. Said medicament can be used for treating proliferative diseases wherein proliferative disease is a disease developing malignant tumor selected from malignant lymphoma, pharyngeal cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, bladder tumor, rectal cancer, prostatic cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, brain tumor, and malignant melanoma.
In a fifth aspect, the invention is directed to a composition comprising a compound of formula I or II and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier or diluent.
In a sixth aspect, the invention is directed to methods for obtaining compound of formula (III)
R1, R2, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined above.
Surprisingly 2 methods have been identified for obtaining compounds of formula III. The first method consists of a straight forward radioisotope labeling reaction i.e. one-step method. The second method consists of substitution of the secondary nitrogen of the thymine moiety of a compounds of formula V using a radiolabeled compound of formula IV as substituent.
The first method comprises the step of reacting compound of formula (II)
In a preferred embodiment of the first method (one-step method) the reaction is a radiofluorination. Because of the short half life of 18F (110 minutes) the fluorinated nucleoside must be prepared on the day of its clinical use. In the circumstances, the reactions steps are optimized for short time with yield as a secondary consideration. The one step method is characterized by reacting a compound of Formula II with an appropriate radiofluorination agent. The reagents, solvents and conditions which can be used for this radiofluorination are common and well-known to the skilled person in the field. See e.g. J. Fluorine Chem. 27 (1985) 117-191.
In a preferred method of preparing a compound of Formula III, the step of radiofluorination of a compound of Formula II is carried out at a temperature selected from a range from 40° C. to 120° C.
In a more preferred method of preparing a compound of Formula II, the step of radiofluorination of a compound of Formula II is carried out at a temperature selected from a range from 60° C. to 100° C.
The second method comprises the steps of coupling compound of formula (IV)
In preferred embodiment of both methods R6 is C8-C18 alkyl.
In preferred embodiments of both methods, the radioisotope label R5 is selected from 18F, 77Br, 76Br, 123I, 124I, 125I, and 11C. In a more preferred embodiment, the radioisotope label R5 is 18F.
In preferred embodiments of first method and second method disclosed above the compound of formula III is a compound of formula I.
In a seventh aspect, the present invention is directed to a kit comprising
The kit comprising one or more of the above listed compounds is useful for imaging tissue proliferations, hyperplastic inflammation, benign tumours or malignant tumours.
The kit will allow user to obtain compound of Formula I or III ready to use for imaging or treatment. Within the kit one of the above coupling reaction may take place i.e. compound of Formula II reacting with a radio isotope label or compound of Formula V coupled to compound of Formula IV.
A further aspect of the invention is directed to following compounds:
As used in the specification and appended claims, unless specified to the contrary, the following terms have the meaning indicated:
The term “alkyl” refers to a linear or branched chain monovalent or divalent radical consisting of solely carbon and hydrogen, containing no unsaturation and having from one to eight carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (iso-propyl), n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-heptyl and the like.
“C8 to C18 alkyl” refers to a alkyl chain having from eight to eighteen carbon atoms, such as octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl and the like. More preferably “C8 to C18 alkyl” refers to a linear alkyl chain.
The term “lower alkyl chain” refers to a linear or branched alkyl chain of C1 to C6 carbons.
The term “cycloalkyl” refers to monocyclic ring of 3 to 15 carbon atoms selected from but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, decahydro-naphthalenyl or cyclodecyl or bicyclic ring of 6 to 20 carbon atoms wherein at least one of the ring comprises a minimum of 5 carbon atoms.
The term “[alkyoxyl]-alkyl” refers to a radical of the formula [Ra—O]—Ra— wherein each Ra is an lower alkyl radical as defined above.
The term “aryl” as employed herein by itself or as part of another group refers to monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic groups containing from 6 to 12 carbons in the ring portion, preferably 6-10 carbons in the ring portion, such as phenyl, naphthyl or tetrahydronaphthyl.
The term halo refers to fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I).
The term “allyl” refers to an alkene hydrocarbon group with the formula H2C═CH—CH2— such as H2C═CH—CH2OH.
The term “vinyl” refers to organic compound containing CH2═CH— group.
A substituted moiety is halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, trifluoromethyl or cyano.
Unless otherwise specified, when referring, to the compounds of formula I, II and III per se as well as to any pharmaceutical composition thereof the present invention includes all of the salts, hydrates, solvates, complexes, and prodrugs of the compounds of the invention. Prodrugs are any covalently bonded compounds, which releases the active parent pharmaceutical according to formula I or III. “Pharmaceutical acceptable salt” includes acid.
“Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt” refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, and which are formed with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, pyruvic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, salicylic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and the like.
The present invention includes all derivative compounds that would be in the scope of the invention and obvious for the skilled person. Consequently the present invention includes other halogen or non halogen isotopes such as 19F, 75Br, 76Br, 79Br, 123I, 124I, 127I, 131I, 13N or 34mCl. Further the proposed methods of the invention can also be used to introduce other halogens or radioactive isotopes thereof, e.g. 19F, 75Br, 76Br, 79Br, 123I, 124I, 127I, 131I, 13N or 34mCl.
The present invention provides compositions comprising compounds of Formula I, II or III and a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier or diluent. The composition is a pharmaceutically acceptable composition or formulation obtained by methods well known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The composition can be administered by standard routes. More preferably the composition is administered intravenously in any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, e.g. conventional medium such as an aqueous saline medium, or in blood plasma medium, as a pharmaceutical composition for intravenous injection. Such medium may also contain conventional pharmaceutical materials such as, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable salts to adjust the osmotic pressure, buffers, preservatives and the like. Among the preferred media are normal saline and plasma. Suitable pharmaceutical acceptable carriers are known to the person skilled in the art. In this regard reference can be made to e.g. Remington's Practice of Pharmacy, 11th ed. In general, when used to treat cell proliferative disorders, the dosage of the invention compounds will depend on the type of tumour, condition being treated, the particular compound being utilized, and other clinical factors such as weight, condition of the human or animal, and the route of administration. It's to be understood that the present invention has application for both human and veterinarian use.
In accordance with the invention, the radiolabeled compounds according to Formula I or III either as a neutral composition or as a salt with a pharmaceutically acceptable counter-ion are administered in a single unit injectable dose. Any of the common carriers known to those with skill in the art, such as sterile saline solution or plasma, can be utilized after radiolabelling for preparing the injectable solution to diagnostically image various organs, tumors and the like in accordance with the invention. Such techniques include the step of bringing into association the active ingredient and the pharmaceutical carrier(s) or diluent(s). In general the formulations are prepared by uniformly and intimately bringing into association the active ingredient with the liquid carrier.
Generally, the unit dose to be administered for a diagnostic agent has a radioactivity of about 0.1 mCi to about 100 mCi, preferably 1 mCi to 20 mCi. For a radiotherapeutic agent, the radioactivity of the therapeutic unit dose is about 10 mCi to 700 mCi, preferably 50 mCi to 400 mCi. The solution to be injected at unit dosage is from about 0.01 ml to about 30 ml. For diagnostic purposes after intravenous administration, imaging of the organ or tumor in vivo can take place in a matter of a few minutes. However, imaging takes place, if desired, in hours or even longer, after injecting into patients. In most instances, a sufficient amount of the administered dose will accumulate in the area to be imaged within about 0.1 of an hour to permit the taking of scintigraphic images. Any conventional method of scintigraphic imaging for diagnostic purposes can be utilized in accordance with this invention.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of the ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are described below. The following schematic examples relates to the preparation of a compounds according to Formula I or III using a compound according to Formula II, IV and V. The methods presented as schemes below are in principle suitable to generate compounds over the whole breadth of Formula I or III using compounds over the whole breadth of Formula II, IV and V. The examples presented below are given merely to illustrate a way of labelling a compound according to Formula II or V to arrive at a compound according to Formula I or III and is not to be understood as to limit the invention to the methods exemplified herein.
The compound of Formula II is a compound that may have both hydroxyl group of the furan moiety protected by a protecting group (PG) and the N3-pyrimidine is substituted with a leaving group (LG). Protected or non-protected thymidine analogue can be used as starting material.
The starting material is synthesized as followed:
10 g (41.28 mmol) Thymidine, 39.3 g (115.62 mmol) methyl cyclohexene and 250 mg (1.31 mmol) p-toluol sulfonic acid were solved in 500 ml dichloromethane and stirred at rt for 72 h. Then the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with bicarbonate and brine and dried over sodium sulphate. After filtration and removal of the solvent the crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 13.75 g (71%) of compound 1.
1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.46 (s, 1H), 6.11 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.46 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.13 (m, 2H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.72-1.20 (m, 20H) ppm.
1 (2.14 mmol) was solved in 10 ml DMF/acetone 1:1 and treated with (5.79 mmol) potassium carbonate. To this mixture (2.79 mmol) of the iodo building block solved in 2 ml DMF/acetone was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 3 h and then at rt over night, filtered and concentrated. The residue was taken up in water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate and concentrated. Finally, the crude material was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 69-75% of 2.
2a: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.51 (s, 1H), 6.14 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 3.97 (m, 1H), 3.77 (t, 2H), 3.53 (t, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.20 (m, 24H), 0.80 (s, 9H), 0.03 (s, 6H) ppm.
2b: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.51 (s, 1H), 6.15 (t, 1H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 3.98 (m, 1H), 3.74 (t, 2H), 3.51 (t, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.09 (m, 28H), 0.81 (s, 9H), 0.03 (s, 6H) ppm.
Compound 2 (8.12 mmol) was solved in 300 ml THF, cooled down to 0° C. and treated with (16 mmol) TBAF 1 mol in THF. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 4 h, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried over sodium sulphate, filtered and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 81-95% of compound 3.
3a: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.52 (s, 1H), 6.16 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.35 (t, 1H), 3.97 (m, 1H), 3.77 (t, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.20 (m, 24H) ppm.
3b: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.51 (s, 1H), 6.15 (t, 1H), 4.39 (m, 1H), 4.30 (t, 1H), 3.98 (m, 1H), 3.73 (t, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.33 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.09 (m, 28H) ppm.
Starting from 3a and 3b.
Compound 3 (0.44 mmol) was solved in 5.7 ml dichloromethane, cooled down to 0° C. and then treated with (0.88 mmol) triethyl amine and (0.49 mmol) p-toluene sulfonyl chloride. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 46 h and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 70-82% of compound 4.
4a: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.75 (d, 2H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 6.14 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.00 (t, 2H), 3.96 (m, 1H), 3.70 (t, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.17 (m, 2H), 1.79 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.30 (m, 24H) ppm.
4b: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.77 (d, 2H), 7.56 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, 2H), 6.20 (t, 1H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 4.03 (m, 1H), 4.00 (t, 2H), 3.74 (t, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 2.23 (m, 2H), 1.85 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.09 (m, 28H) ppm.
Starting from 4a and 4b
Compound 4 (0.1 mmol) was solved in 1 ml dichloromethane, cooled down to 0° C. and titrated with a solution of trifluoracetic acid in dichloromethane (10%) until complete conversion of the starting material. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with bicarbonate and brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtrated and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 63-57% of compound 5.
5a: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.73 (d, 2H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.44 (d, 2H), 6.15 (t, 1H), 5.22 (d, 1H), 5.01 (t, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 3.98 (t, 2H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.69 (t, 2H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.48 (m, 4H) ppm.
5b: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.73 (d, 2H), 7.72 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, 2H), 6.17 (t, 1H), 5.20 (d, 1H), 5.00 (t, 1H), 4.44 (m, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 3.96 (t, 2H), 3.74 (m, 2H), 3.69 (t, 2H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 2.05 (m, 2H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.50-1.09 (m, 8H) ppm.
Starting from 3a and 3b.
Compound 3 (0.18 mmol) was solved in 2.6 ml dichloromethane, cooled down to 0° C. and then treated with (1.6 mmol) triethyl amine and (0.26 mmol) methane sulfonyl chloride. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 1 h and concentrated. The crude residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 90-100% of compound 6.
6a: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO); δ=7.53 (s, 1H), 6.14 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.16 (t, 2H), 3.98 (m, 1H), 3.79 (t, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.19 (m, 2H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.20 (m, 24H) ppm.
6b: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.52 (s, 1H), 6.16 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 4.14 (t, 2H)r 3.95 (m, 1H), 3.75 (t, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 2H)r 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.09 (m, 28H) ppm.
Starting from 6a and 6b
Compound 6 (0.1 mmol) was solved in 1 ml dichloromethane, cooled down to 0° C. and titrated with a solution of trifluoracetic acid in dichloromethane (10%) until complete conversion of the starting material. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with bicarbonate and brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtrated and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 50-54% of compound 7.
7a: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO) δ=7.74 (s, 1H), 6.17 (t, 1H), 5.22 (d, 1H), 5.02 (t, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 4.17 (t, 2H), 3.79 (t, 2H), 3.69 (m, 1H), 3.52 (m, 2H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.79 (s, 3H), 1.59 (m, 4H) ppm.
7b: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.72 (s, 1H), 6.17 (t, 1H), 5.21 (d, 1H), 5.01 (t, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 4.14 (m, 1H), 3.75 (m, 3H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.07 (m, 2H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.2 (m, 8H) ppm.
5 g (10.7 mmol) of compound 1 and 4 g (28.9 mmol) potassium carbonate were solved in 50 ml DMF/acetone 1:1. A solution of 3.74 g (13.9 mmol) N-(3-bromopropyl) pthalimide in 10 ml DMF/acetone 1:1 was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 6 h and further 4 d at rt and filtrated. The precipitate was washed with acetone and the solution was diluted with water and extracted with dichloromethane. The combined organic phases were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtrated and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 5.8 g (83%) of compound 8.
1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.82 (m, 4H), 7.50 (s, 1H), 6.11 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 3.96 (m, 1H), 3.79 (t, 2H), 3.55 (t, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.84 (m, 2H), 1.75 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.25 (m, 20H) ppm.
2 g (3.06 mmol) of compound 8 were solved in 80 ml ethanol and treated with 0.4 ml (8.28 mmol) hydrazine hydrate. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 4d. The precipitate was filtered off and the remaining solution was concentrated. The crude product 91.6 g (100%) was used without further purification.
1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=7.52 (s, 1H), 6.16 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 3.96 (m, 1H), 3.80 (t, 2H), 3.45 (t, 2H), 3.47 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.25 (m, 20H) ppm.
[18F]fluoride (263 MBq) in 200 μl was trapped on a QMA-cartridge (Waters, Sep Pak Light QMA Part. No.: WAT023525) and eluted using a solution of Kryptofix 2.2.2 (6 mg) and potassium carbonate (1 mg) in aqueous acetonitrile (1.5 ml; 66% acetonitrile). The solution was dried by addition and evaporation of anhydrous acetonitril (4×1 ml) under a gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and to the dried residue mesylate precursor (3.5 mg, 8.9 μmol) in acetonitrile (1.0 ml) was added and the mixture was heated at 100° C. for 15 min. After cooling at room temperature HCl (1N, 1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 5 min. Sodiumacetate solution (4M, 0.5 ml) was added and the mixture was diluted with water (2.5 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 21 MBq of 3-(4-[18F]Fluorobutyl)-thymidine was collected.
HPLC purification: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.2×250; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 31% B for 2 min then 31% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min. One single radioactive peak as obtained (3.1 min) witch co-elutes with the reference compound 3-(4-[19F]Fluorobutyl)-thymidine. The product is identical to the one prepared by the alkylation of thymidine with 4-18F-fluorobutylbromide described above.
(n=1; LG mesyloxy and PG=MCH)
[18F]fluoride (247 MBq) in 200 μl was trapped on a QMA-cartridge (Waters, Sep Pak Light QMA Part. No.: WAT023525) and eluted using a solution of Kryptofix 2.2.2 (6 mg) and potassium carbonate (1 mg) in aqueous acetonitrile (1.5 ml; 66% acetonitrile). The solution was dried by addition and evaporation of anhydrous acetonitril (4×1 ml) under a gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and to the dried residue precursor XX (3.0 mg) in acetonitrile (1.0 ml) was added and the mixture was heated at 100° C. for 15 min. After cooling at room temperature HCl (1N, 1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 5 min. Sodiumacetate solution (4M, 0.5 ml) was added and the mixture was diluted with water (2.5 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 29 MBq of the desired product was collected.
HPLC purification: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.2×250; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 31% B for 2 min then 31% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min. One single radioactive peak as obtained witch co-elutes with the F-19 reference compound. The product is identical to the one prepared by the alkylation described above.
2.3.1.
To a stirred solution of 15.0 g (97.6 mmol) 2-fluoro-5-formyl-benzonitrile (Aldrich), 150 ml dest. water and 630 ml t-butanol are added 40.8 g (361 mmol) sodium chlorite and 35.9 g (230 mmol) sodium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate. The reaction mixture is stirred over night and poured into a diluted aqueous hydrogen chloride solution (pH=3.5). The pH value is readjusted to pH=3.5 by aqueous hydrogen chloride. The aqueous solution is extracted trice with dichloromethane/isopropanol (10:1). The combined organic phases are dried (sodium sulphate) and concentrated. The residue is purified by extraction with sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and dichloromethane, acidification with aqueous solution and subsequent filtering. The solid crude product 2a is obtained in 90% yield (14.5 g, 87.8 mmol) and is used for the next step without purification.
MS-ESI: 166 (M++1, 77),
Elementary analysis:
To a stirred suspension of 16.0 g (96.9 mmol) 2.3.1.a and 161 ml methanol are added 30.4 g (387.6 mmol) acetyl chloride drop wisely at 0° C. The reaction mixture is stirred over night, filtered and concentrated. The residue is diluted with dichloromethane, washed with diluted sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried with sodium sulphate and concentrated. The residue is purified by column chromatography (hexane:ethylacetate). The desired product 2.3.1.b is obtained in 78.1% yield (13.5 g; 75.7 mmol)
MS-ESI: 180 (M++1, 57),
Elementary analysis:
To a stirred solution of 24.0 g (134 mmol) 2.3.1.b and 240 ml dimethylsulphoxid are added 13.2 g (161 mmol) dimethylamine hydrochloride and 38.9 g (281 mmol) potassium carbonate. The reaction mixture is stirred over night and is reduced with high vacuum rotation evaporator at 65° C. The residue is diluted with dichloromethane, washed twice with water. The combined water phases are extracted with dichloromethane. The combined dichloromethane phases are washed with diluted sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried with sodium sulphate and concentrated. The oily crude product 2.3.1.c is obtained in 94% yield (25.7 g, 126 mmol) and is used for the next step without purification.
MS-ESI: 205 (M++1, 59),
Elementary analysis:
To a stirred solution of 6.16 g (30.2 mmol) 2.3.1.c and 110 ml dichloromethane are added 50.0 g (302 mmol) methyltriflate (Aldrich) drop wisely. The reaction mixture is stirred over night and diethylether is added. After evaporation of one third of the solvent volume the desired compound precipitates and the rest of the solvent is decanted. The solid is washed extensively (ten times) with large amounts of diethylether. The solid is dried by use of oil pump vacuum and purified by (C-18) RP-column chromatography (acetonitril/water-gradient 1:99 to 80:20). The desired compound 2.3.1.d is obtained in 69% yield (20.8 mmol, 7.68 g).
MS-ESI: 219 (M+, 100),
Elementary analysis:
A solution of 4.01 g (10.9 mmol) 2.3.1.d, 95 ml dest. water and 95 ml trifluoroacetic acid is refluxed for 2 days. The reaction mixture is evaporated, dried by use of oil pump vacuum over night and treated with diethyl ether. The resulting solid is filtered, washed extensively with diethyl ether and dried by oil pump vacuum. The solid crude product 2.3.1.e is obtained in 93% yield (3.59 g, 10.1 mmol) and crude compound 2.3.1.e is used for the next step without purification.
MS-ESI: 205 (M+, 100),
Elementary analysis:
To a stirred solution of 0.2 mmol 2.3.1 e in 1.5 ml dichloromethane and 0.25 ml dimethylformamide is added 65 mg (0.5 mmol) diisopropylethylamin and 0.031 ml (0.2 mmol) diisopropylcarbodiimid. The solution is added to 0.2 mmol 9 in 2 ml DMF. The mixture is stirred intensively for 8 h. The mixture is evaporated and purified by C-18 RR chromatography (water/acetonitril). The desired product 2.3.1.f is obtained in 65% yield—82 mg.
MS-ESI: 486 (M+, 100),
Elementary analysis:
[18F]fluoride (276 MBq) in 200 μl was trapped on a QMA-cartridge (Waters, Sep Pak Light QMA Part. No.: WAT023525) and eluted using a solution of Kryptofix 2.2.2 (6 mg) and potassium carbonate (1 mg) in aqueous acetonitrile (1.5 ml; 66% acetonitrile). The solution was dried by addition and evaporation of anhydrous acetonitril (4×1 ml) under a gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and to the dried residue 3.0 mg precursor N3-(3-(N-(4-trimethylammonium-3-cyano-benzoyl))aminopropyl)-thymidine triflate salt (compare 11) in acetonitrile (1.0 ml) was added and the mixture was heated at 70° C. for 15 min. After cooling at room temperature HCl (1N, 1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 5 min. Sodiumacetate solution (4M, 0.5 ml) was added and the mixture was diluted with water (2.5 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 29 MBq of the desired product 13a was collected.
HPLC purification: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.2×250; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 26% B for 2 min then 26% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min. One single radioactive peak as obtained witch co-elutes with the F-19 reference compound.
2.3.2.
To a stirred solution of 4.48 g (22.5 mmol) 4-Fluoro-3-trifluoromethyl-benzoic acid methyl ester (Rarechem) and 60.0 ml dimethylsulphoxid are added 2.23 g (27.0 mmol) dimethylamine hydrochloride and 6.54 g (47.3 mmol) potassium carbonate. The reaction mixture is stirred for 8 h at 60° C. in an autoclave and is reduced with high vacuum rotation evaporator at 65° C. The residue is diluted with dichloromethane, washed twice with water. The combined water phases are extracted with dichloromethane. The combined dichloromethane phases are washed with diluted sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried with sodium sulphate and concentrated. The oily crude is purified by column chromatography and the desired product 2.3.2.a is obtained in 72% yield (4.00 g, 16.2 mmol).
MS-ESI: 248 (M++1, 100).
To a stirred solution of 3.09 g (12.5 mmol) 2.3.2.a and 50 ml dichloromethane are added 20.5 g (125 mmol) methyltriflate (Aldrich) drop wisely. The reaction mixture is refluxed for 2 days then cooled to room temperature. Diethylether is added. The desired compound precipitates and the solvent is decanted. The solid is washed extensively (ten times) with large amounts of diethylether. The solid is dried by use of oil pump vacuum and purified by (C-18) RP-column chromatography (acetonitril/water-gradient 1:99 to 80:20). The desired compound 2.3.2.b is obtained in 69% yield (3.55 g, 8.63 mmol).
MS-ESI: 262 (M+, 67),
Elementary analysis:
A solution of 2.84 g (6.92 mmol) (2.3.2.b), 60 ml dest. water and 60 ml trifluoroacetic acid is refluxed for 2 days. The reaction mixture is evaporated, dried by use of oil pump vacuum over night and treated with diethyl ether. The resulting solid is filtered, washed extensively with diethyl ether and dried by oil pump vacuum. The solid crude is obtained in 89% yield (2.45 g; 6.16 mmol) and crude compound (2.3.2.c) is used for the next step without purification.
MS-ESI: 248 (M+, 100),
Elementary analysis:
To a stirred solution of (0.2 mmol) 2.3.2.c in 1.5 ml dichloromethane and 0.25 ml dimethylformamid is added 65 mg (0.5 mmol) diisopropylethylamin and 0.031 ml (0.2 mmol) diisopropylcarbodiimid. The solution is added to 0.2 mmol 9 in 2 ml DMF. The mixture is stirred intensively for 8 h. The mixture is evaporated and purified by C-18 RR chromatography (water/acetonitril). The desired product 2.3.2.d is obtained in 75% yield—101 mg.
MS-ESI: 529 (M+, 100),
Elementary analysis:
[18F]fluoride (276 MBq) in 200 μl was trapped on a QMA-cartridge (Waters, Sep Pak Light QMA Part. No.: WAT023525) and eluted using a solution of Kryptofix 2.2.2 (6 mg) and potassium carbonate (1 mg) in aqueous acetonitrile (1.5 ml; 66% acetonitrile). The solution was dried by addition and evaporation of anhydrous acetonitril (4×1 ml) under a gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and to the dried residue 3.0 mg precursor 2.3.2.d in acetonitrile (1.0 ml) was added and the mixture was heated at 70° C. for 15 min. After cooling at room temperature HCl (1N, 1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 5 min. Sodiumacetate solution (4M, 0.5 ml) was added and the mixture was diluted with water (2.5 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 29 MBq of the desired product 13b was collected.
HPLC purification, Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.2×250; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 26% B for 2 min then 26% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min. One single radioactive peak as obtained witch co-elutes with the F-19 reference compound.
2.3.3.
To a stirred solution of 4.00 g (20.6 mmol) 2-chloro-4-fluoro-benzoic acid methyl ester (Apollo) and 60 ml dimethylsulphoxid are added 2.03 g (24.7 mmol) dimethylamine hydrochloride and 5.97 g (43.2 mmol) potassium carbonate. The reaction mixture is stirred over night and is reduced with high vacuum rotation evaporator at 65° C. The residue is diluted with dichloromethane, washed twice with water. The combined water phases are extracted with dichloromethane. The combined dichloromethane phases are washed with diluted sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, dried with sodium sulphate and concentrated. The oily crude product 2.3.3.a is obtained in 99% yield (4.36 g, 20.4 mmol) and is used for the next step without purification.
MS-ESI: 213/215 (M++1, 64/48).
Elementary analysis:
To a stirred solution of 4.49 g (21.0 mmol) 2.3.3.a and 75 ml dichloromethane are added 34.5 g (210 mmol) methyltriflate (Aldrich) drop wisely. The reaction mixture is stirred for 2 days at room temperature. 17 g (10 mmol) methyltriflate (Aldrich) are added and the reaction mixture is stirred at 40° C. for 20 h. The reaction mixture is cooled to 20° C. and diethylether is added. The desired compound precipitates and the solvent is decanted and the solid is washed extensively (ten times) with large amounts of diethylether. The solid is dried by use of oil pump vacuum and purified by (C-18) RP-column chromatography (acetonitril/water-gradient 1:99 to 80:20). The desired compound 2.3.3.b is obtained in 86% yield (6.86 g, 18.1 mmol).
MS-ESI: 228/230 (M+, 81),
Elementary analysis:
A solution of 0.5 g (1.32 mmol) 2.3.3.b, 12 ml dest. water and 12 ml trifluoroacetic acid is refluxed for 2 days. The reaction mixture is evaporated, dried by use of oil pump vacuum over night and treated with diethyl ether. The resulting solid is filtered, washed extensively with diethyl ether and dried by oil pump vacuum. The solid crude 2.3.3.c is obtained in 98% yield (471 mg, 1.3 mmol) and crude compound 2.3.3.c is used for the next step without purification.
MS-ESI: 214/216 (M+, 89/56),
Elementary analysis:
To a stirred solution of (0.2 mmol) 2.3.3.c in 1.5 ml dichloromethane and 0.25 ml dimethylformamid is added 65 mg (0.5 mmol) diisopropylethylamin and 0.031 ml (0.2 mmol) diisopropylcarbodiimid. The solution is added to 0.2 mmol 9 in 2 ml DMF. The mixture is stirred intensively for 8 h. The mixture is evaporated and purified by C-18 RR chromatography (water/acetonitril). The desired product 2.3.2.d is obtained in 70% yield—9.03 mg.
MS-ESI: 496 (M+, 100),
Elementary analysis:
[18F]fluoride (276 MBq) in 200 μl was trapped on a QMA-cartridge (Waters, Sep Pak Light QMA Part. No.: WAT023525) and eluted using a solution of Kryptofix 2.2.2 (6 mg) and potassium carbonate (1 mg) in aqueous acetonitrile (1.5 ml; 66% acetonitrile). The solution was dried by addition and evaporation of anhydrous acetonitril (4×1 ml) under a gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and to the dried residue 3.0 mg precursor 2.3.3.d in acetonitrile (1.0 ml) was added and the mixture was heated at 70° C. for 15 min. After cooling at room temperature HCl (1N, 1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 5 min. Sodiumacetate solution (4M, 0.5 ml) was added and the mixture was diluted with water (2.5 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 29 MBq of the desired product 13c was collected.
HPLC purification: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.2×250; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 26% B for 2 min then 26% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min. One single radioactive peak as obtained witch co-elutes with the F-19 reference compound.
n=3
Y1, Y2, Y4,=hydrogen; Y5=cyano
[18F]fluoride (276 MBq) in 200 μl was trapped on a QMA-cartridge (Waters, Sep Pak Light QMA Part. No.: WAT023525) and eluted using a solution of Kryptofix 2.2.2 (6 mg) and potassium carbonate (1 mg) in aqueous acetonitrile (1.5 ml; 66% acetonitrile). The solution was dried by addition and evaporation of anhydrous acetonitril (4×1 ml) under a gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and to the dried residue precursor (3.0 mg) in acetonitrile (1.0 ml) was added and the mixture was heated at 70° C. for 15 min. After cooling at room temperature HCl (1N, 1 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred at 105° C. for 5 min. Sodiumacetate solution (4M, 0.5 ml) was added and the mixture was diluted with water (2.5 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 29 MBq of the desired product was collected.
HPLC purification: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.2×250; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 26% B for 2 min then 26% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, radioactivity detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 mil min. One single radioactive peak as obtained witch co-elutes with the F-19 reference compound.
150 mg (0.29 mmol) compound 9, (0.29 mmol) carbonic acid and 139 mg (0.32 mmol) BOP were solved in 27 ml dichloromethane and cooled down to 0° C. Then 0.074 ml (0.43 mmol) ethyl diisopropyl amine was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 18 h, diluted with dichloromethane, washed with sat. NH4Cl solution, dried over sodium sulphate, filtrated and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 52-60% of compound 12.
12a: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=8.63 (t, 1H), 8.29 (dd, 1H), 8.16 (dd, 1H), 7.62 (t, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 6.14 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 3.96 (m, 1H), 3.84 (t, 2H), 3.45 (t, 2H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.16 (m, 2H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.25 (m, 22H) ppm.
12b: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO); δ=8.69 (t, 1H), 8.17 (m, 2H), 7.63 (dd, 1H), 7.51 (s, 1H), 6.14 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 3.97 (m, 1H), 3.84 (t, 2H), 3.45 (t, 2H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.04 (s, 3H), 2.15 (m, 2H), 1.79 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.25 (m, 22H) ppm.
12c: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=8.42 (t, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.47 (m, 2H), 7.26 (m, 1H), 6.14 (t, 1H), 4.38 (m, 1H), 3.97 (m, 1H), 3.84 (t, 2H), 3.45 (t, 2H), 3.19 (m, 2H), 3.06 (s, 3H), 3.05 (s, 3H), 2.18 (m, 2H), 1.81 (s, 3H), 1.74-1.25 (m, 22H) ppm.
Compound 12 (0.062 mmol) was solved in 2 ml dichloromethane, cooled down to 0° C. and titrated with a solution of trifluoracetic acid in dichloromethane (10%) until complete conversion of the starting material. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane, washed with bicarbonate and brine, dried over sodium sulphate, filtrated and concentrated. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica gel to give 50-63% of compound 13.
13a: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=8.67 (t, 1H), 8.29 (dd, 1H), 8.16 (dd, 1H), 7.73 (s, 1H), 7.62 (t, 1H), 6.16 (t, 1H), 5.24 (d, 1H), 5.03 (t, 1H), 4.20 (m, 1H), 3.83 (m, 2H), 3.73 (s, 1H), 3.55 (m, 2H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.06 (m, 2H), 1.77 (s, 3H), 1.76 (m, 2H) ppm.
13b: 1H-NMR(CDCl3): δ=8.26 (dd, 1H), 8.11 (m, 1H), 7.73 (t, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 6.26 (t, 1H), 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 4.04 (m, 1H), 3.94 (dd, 1H), 3.88 (dd, 1H), 3.38 (m, 2H), 2.37 (m, 2H), 1.95 (s, 3H), 1.94 (m, 2H) ppm.
13c: 1H-NMR (d-6 DMSO): δ=8.46 (t, 1H), 7.78 (s, 1H), 7.52 (m, 2H), 7.29 (m, 1H), 6.23 (t, 1H), 5.26 (s, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H), 4.26 (m, 1H), 3.89 (t, 2H), 3.89 (m, 1H), 3.58 (m, 2H), 3.22 (m, 2H), 2.14 (m, 2H), 1.84 (s, 3H), 1.74 (m, 2H) ppm.
3. Synthesis of compound of Formula III by coupling with an alkyl chain
The current method relates to a two step approach for the preparation of 3-(fluoroalkyl) group.
Step 1: Preparation of F-18 fluoroalkyl bromide according to the procedure of Henriksen et. al (J Med Chem. 2005 Dec. 1; 48(24):7720-32); and Zang et al. (J Med Chem. 2004 Apr. 22; 47(9):2228-35)
Step 2: Alkylation of thymidine at position 3, was carried out according to the procedure of Al-Madhoun et al. (Mini Rev Med Chem. 2004 May; 4(4):341-50)
[18F]fluoride (1.2 GBq) in 1 mL was trapped on a QMA-cartridge (Waters, Sep Pak Light QMA Part. No.: WAT023525) and eluted using a solution of Kryptofix 2.2.2 (5 mg) and potassium carbonate (1 mg) in aqueous acetonitrile (2 ml; 75% acetonitrile). The solution was dried by addition and evaporation of anhydrous acetonitrile (3×1 mL) under a gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and to the dried residue was added 1,4-dibromobutane (8.9 mg, 41 μmol) in acetonitrile (250 μl) was added and the mixture was heated at 90° C. for 8 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (2 ml) and acetonitrile (2 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 189 MBq of the [18F]-4-fluorobromobutane was collected. The collected peak was diluted with water (40 ml) and immobilized on a Light tC18 Plus Sep Pak (Part. No.: WAT036810). The Sep Pak was washed with water (5 ml). The Sep Pak was eluted with DMF (5×200 μl) and the fractions with the [18F]-4-fluorobromobutane were combined.
HPLC purification: Knauer Typ 64, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.4×250 mm; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 55% B for 2 min then 55% to 90% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min.
A solution of [18F]-4-fluorobromobutane in DMF (48 MBq in 400 μl) was added to a Wheaton V Vial (5 ml) with thymidine (2 mg, 8.3 μmol) and potassium carbonate (2.2 mg, 15.9 μmol). The reaction was stirred at 120° C. for 10 minutes. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (4 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 14.7 MBq of the 3-(4-[18F]-Fluorobutyl)-thymidine was collected.
HPLC purification: Knauer Typ 64, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column; Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.4×250 mm; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 31% B for 2 min then 31% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, detector; Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min. One single radioactive peak as obtained (3.4 min) witch co-elutes with the reference compound 3-(4-[19F]Fluorobutyl)-thymidine described above.
[18F]-fluoride (1.28 GBq) in 1 mL was trapped on a QMA-cartridge (Waters, Sep Pak Light QMA Part. No.: WAT023525) and eluted using a solution of Kryptofix 2.2.2 (5 mg) and potassium carbonate (1 mg) in aqueous acetonitrile (2 ml; 75% acetonitrile). The solution was dried by addition and evaporation of anhydrous acetonitrile (3×1 mL) under a gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and to the dried residue was added 1,4-dibromohexane (8.9 mg, 36 μmol) in acetonitrile (250 μl) was added and the mixture was heated at 90° C. for 8 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (2 ml) and acetonitrile (2 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 320 MBq of the [18F]-6-fluorobromohexane was collected. The collected peak was diluted with water (40 ml) and immobilized on a Light tC18 Plus Sep Pak (Part. No.: WAT036810). The Sep Pak was washed with water (5 ml). The Sep Pak was eluted with DMF (5×200 μl) and the fractions with the [18F]-6-fluorobromohexane in were combined.
HPLC purification: Knauer Typ 64, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.4×250 mm; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 55% B for 2 min then 55% to 90% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient; 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min.
A solution of [18F]-6-fluorobromohexane in DMF (209 MBq in 400 μl) was added to a Wheaton V Vial (5 ml) with thymidine (2 mg, 8.3 μmol) and potassium carbonate (2.2 mg, 15.9 μmol). The reaction was stirred at 120° C. for 10 minutes. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (4 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 50 MBq of the 3-(6-[18F]-Fluorohexyl)-thymidine was collected.
HPLC purification: Knauer Typ 64, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.4×250 mm; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 31% B for 2 min then 31% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min. One single radioactive peak as obtained (3.8 min) witch co-elutes with the reference compound 3-(6-[19F]-Fluorohexyl)-thymidine.
40 mg (0.17 mmol) Thymidine, was dissolved in 5 ml DMF and 5 ml acetone. To this solution was added 46 mg of potassium carbonate (0.33 mmol) and 28 mg of 1-bromo-4-fluorobutane (0.18 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 72 h. Then the reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with dichloromethane. The dichloromethane extracts were combined and dried over sodium sulphate. After filtration and removal of the solvent the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC gel to give a quantitative yield of 3-(4-[19F]-Fluoro-butyl)-thymidine.
HPLC purification: Agilent 1100 series, HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.4×250 mm; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min, UV-Absorptions detector: Agilent 1100 series UV-Detection: 230 nm.
1H-NMR (d-6 CDCl3): δ=7.31 (s, 1H), 6.17 (t, 1H), 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.53 (t, 1H), 4.41 (t, 1H), 4.02-3.92 (m, 4H), 3.84 (dd, 1H), 3.66-3.62 (m, 1H), 2.48-2.44 (m, 1H), 2.35-2.28 (m, 1H), 1.93 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.72 (m, 4H) ppm.
40 mg (0.17 mmol) Thymidine, was dissolved in 5 ml DMF and 5 ml acetone. To this solution was added 46 mg of potassium carbonate (0.33 mmol) and 34 mg of 1-bromo-6-fluorohexane (0.18 mmol) and stirred at room temperature for 72 h. Then the reaction mixture was diluted with water, extracted with dichloromethane. The dichloromethane extracts were combined and dried over sodium sulphate. After filtration and removal of the solvent the crude product was purified by preparative HPLC gel to give 41.7 mg (73%) of 3-(4-F-19-Fluoro-butyl)-thymidine.
HPLC purification: Agilent 1100 series, HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.4×250 mm; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min, UV-Absorptions detector: Agilent 1100 series UV-Detection: 230 nm.
1H-NMR (d-6 CDCl3): δ=7.29 (s, 1H), 6.16 (t, 1H), 4.61 (m, 1H), 4.49 (t, 1H), 4.37 (t, 1H), 4.03-4.00 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.90 (m, 3H), 3.83 (dd, 1H), 2.50-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.34-227 (m, 1H), 1.93 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.59 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.35 (m, 4H) ppm.
4. Synthesis of Compound of Formula III by Coupling with
n=1
[18]fluoride (1.13 GBq) in 1 mL was trapped on a QMA-cartridge (Waters, Sep Pak Light QMA Part. No.: WAT023525) and eluted using a solution of Kryptofix 2.2.2 (5 mg) and potassium carbonate (1 mg) in aqueous acetonitrile (2 ml; 75% acetonitrile). The solution was dried by addition and evaporation of anhydrous acetonitrile (3×1 mL) under a gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and to the dried residue was added bis-(bromoethyl) ether (8.0 mg, Aldrich) in acetonitrile (250 μl) was added and the mixture was heated at 90° C. for 8 min. The reaction mixture was diluted with water (2 ml) and acetonitrile (2 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 410 MBq of the [18F]-(fluoroethyl)(bromoethyl) ether was collected. The collected peak was diluted with water (40 ml) and immobilized on a Light tC18 Plus Sep Pak (Part. No.: WAT036810). The Sep Pak was washed with water (5 ml). The Sep Pak was eluted with DMF (5×200 μl) and the fractions with the [18F]-(fluoroethyl)(bromoethyl) ether in were combined.
HPLC purification: Knauer Typ 64, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.4×250 mm; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 35% B for 2 min then 35% to 90% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min.
A solution of [18F]-(fluoroethyl)(bromoethyl) ether in DMF (241 MBq in 400 μl) was added to a Wheaton V Vial (5 ml) with thymidine (2 mg, 8.3 μmol) and potassium carbonate (2.2 mg, 15.9 μmol). The reaction was stirred at 120° C. for 10 minutes. The reaction was cooled to room temperature, diluted with water (4 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 59 MBq of the desired product was collected.
HPLC purification: Knauer Typ 64, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.4×250 mm; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 28% B for 2 min then 28% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min. One single radioactive peak as obtained witch co-elutes with the F-19 reference compound.
4.2 Phenylcarbonyl chain
o=1 to 18 when W═CH2
o=1 to 10 when W═CH2—CH2—O—CH2—CH2
In this method, the radiolabeled coupling agent is 18F-fluorobenzoic acid succinimidate ester (or other active esters).
N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate was prepared according to a known literature procedure (Appl Radiat Isot. (2003), 59:43-8). This prosthetic group (255 MBq) was coupled to compound 9 as reported in an analogues way (Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 31:1081-1089; Nucl Med Biol 31:179-89.): A solution of N-succinimidyl 4-[18F]fluorobenzoate in DMF (255 MBq in 400 μl) was added to a Wheaton V Vial (5 ml) with thymidine derivative 9 (2 mg). The reaction was stirred at 80° C. for 10 minutes. The reaction was cooled to room temperature. TFA (1 ml) was added, the reaction mixture was stirred for 10 min at 80° C., diluted with water (4 ml) and injected onto a semi-preparative HPLC column and 22.7 MBq of the desired product was collected.
HPLC purification: Knauer Typ 64, radioactivity detector: Raytest Gabi; HPLC Column: Zorbax C18 Bonus-RP; 9.4×250 mm; Solvent A: water+0.1% TFA; Solvent B: acetonitrile:water (9:1)+0.1% TFA; Gradient: isocratic 25% B for 2 min then 25% to 41% B in 20 minutes; Flow: 3 ml/min.
HPLC analysis: Agilent 1100 series, detector: Berthold LB 507B; HPLC Column: ACE 3μ C18 Bonus-RP; 4.6×50 mm; Solvent A: 10 mM K2HPO4 in water; Solvent B: 10 mM K2HPO4 in acetonitrile:water (7:3); Gradient: 5% B to 95% B in 7 minutes; Flow: 2 ml/min. One single radioactive peak as obtained witch co-elutes with the F-19 reference compound.
400 μL [F-18]fluoride solution (605 MBq) and 2 mL kryptofix solution (6 mg K222 in 1 mL acetonitrile, 1 mg K2CO3 in 0.5 mL water) were heated under gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. Acetonitrile was added (3×1 mL) for azeotropic drying of the mixture. Methanesulfonic acid 4-{3-[4-(1-methoxy-cyclohexyloxy)-5-(1-methoxy-cyclohexyloxymethyl)-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl]-5-methyl-2,6-dioxo-3,6-dihydro-2H-pyrimidin-1-yl}-butyl ester (4.5 mg in 500 μL acetonitrile) was added to the dried residue and the resulting mixture was heated for 15 min at 120° C. After cooling to r.t., 1N HCl (1 mL) was added and the solution was stirred for 5 min at r.t. 4M sodium acetate solution (2 mL) was added and the solution was diluted to 5 mL. The crude mixture was purified by HPLC (Zorbax C18 Bonus 5μ 250*9.2 mm; A: water+0.1% TFA; B: acetonitrile/water+0.1% TFA; 31% to 41% B over 22 min). The HPLC fraction was diluted with water and passed through a tC18 SepPak light cartridge. The cartridge was washed with water. The purified 3-(4-[F-18]Fluoro-butyl)-thymidine was eluted with ethanol (1 mL) to obtain 88 MBq (47% d.c.).
Quality control was performed using HPLC (ACE 3μ C18 50*4.6 mm; A: 10 mM K2HPO4; B: 10 mM K2HPO4/acetonitrile=3/7; 5% to 95% B over 7 min).
1000 μL [F-18]fluoride solution (1071 MBq) and 2 mL kryptofix solution (6 mg K222 in 1 mL acetonitrile, 1 mg K2CO3 in 0.5 mL water) were heated under gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. Acetonitrile was added (3×1 mL) for azeotropic drying of the mixture. The tosyl precursor (4.5 mg in 500 μL acetonitrile) was added to the dried residue and the resulting mixture was heated for 10 min at 100° C. After cooling to r.t. 1N HCl (1 mL) was added and the solution was stirred for 5 min at r.t. 4M sodium acetate solution (2 mL) was added and the solution was diluted to 5 mL with water. The crude mixture was purified by HPLC (Gemini 5μ C(18)2-100A; A: water; B: ethanol; 25% to 35% B over 20 min). The HPLC fraction was dried under gentle nitrogen stream. 176 MBq (34% d.c.) [F-18](Fluorethoxy)-ethoxy)-ethyl-thymidine were obtained. Quality control was performed using HPLC (Luna 5μ C(18)2-100A; A: water; B: ethanol; 25% to 35% B over 20 min).
Quality Control:
The [F-18]fluoride solution (1052 MBq) was trapped on a QMA light cartridge and eluted with 2 mL kryptofix solution (6 mg K222 in 1 mL acetonitrile, 1 mg K2CO3 in 0.5 mL water). The solution was heated under gentle nitrogen stream at 120° C. Acetonitrile was added (3×1 mL) for azeotropic drying of the mixture. The trimethyl ammonium precursor (4 mg in 500 μL DMF) was added to the dried residue and the resulting mixture was heated for 15 min at 80° C. After cooling to r.t. the reaction mixture was diluted with water and passed through a tC18 SepPak light cartridge. The cartridge was washed with water. The crude intermediate was eluted with acetonitrile (1 mL). 1N HCl (0.5 mL) was added and the solution was stirred for 5 min at r.t. 4M sodium acetate solution (2 mL) was added and the solution was diluted to 5 mL. The crude mixture was purified by HPLC (Chromolith SemiPrep RP-18e, 100*10 mm; A: water; B: acetonitrile; 30% to 35% B over 12.5 min). The HPLC fraction was diluted with water and passed through a tC18 SepPak light cartridge, The cartridge was washed with water and eluted with ethanol (1 mL). 78 MBq (20% d.c.) 3-Cyano-4-[F-18]fluoro-N-(thymidinyl-hexyl)benzamide were obtained. Quality control was performed using HPLC (Chromolith SpeedROD RP-18e 50*4.6 mm; A: water; B: acetonitrile; 30% to 35% B over 5 min).
Quality Control:
A very important requirement for successful usage of proliferation imaging, is the mono-phosphorylation of the thymidine compounds. This is the first step in providing the cell with thymidine triphosphates, which the cell needs for DNA-synthesis, the primary stage of the cell cycle leading in the end to a doubling of the cell. Mono-phosphorylation is, at the same time, necessary for the retention of compounds within the cell to allow for an accumulation leading to the necessary compound concentration.
The aim of the phosphotransferase assay (PTA) is the evaluation of various thymidine (Thd) analogues as to their ability to be recognized and phosphorylated by recombinant thymidine kinase 1 (TK-1) under standardized conditions. The thymidine analogues will be labeled with cold 19F. If they are recognized by thymidine kinase 1 it will transfer the -phosphate of -32P-ATP onto the thymidine analogues and thereby label it with 32P. Radioactive labeled products from this reaction are separated by TLC from the -32P-ATP and can be detected and quantitated by phosphor imager.
The procedure was performed following the published procedure of Eriksson et al, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 1991, 176:586 pp
The enzyme catalyzing the monophosphorylation is the thymidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.21). An in vitro phosphotransfer assay with rekombinante thymidine kinase was established to evaluate the substrate quality of the compounds. This assay was conducted in 50 mM Tris-HCl, ph 7.6, 0.5 mM MgCl2, 100 mM KCl, 0.5 mg/ml BSA, 100 μM ATP+P-32-ATP (0.7 mCi/mmol) plus 10-60 ng thymidine kinase. The P-32 labeled products were separate by TLC and quantitated on a phosphoimager. see result in table 1.
Metabolic stability is a prerequisite for successful accumulation, since the compounds have to reach their target without being degraded or modified to allow uptake into the cells and phosphorylation by thymidine kinase. It has been shown already extensively that endogene thymidine or its exogene analogues are mainly degraded by one enzyme, thymidine phosphorylase (EC 2.1.1.45). This enzyme utilizes a phosphate to convert thymidine into thymine and 2-deoxyribose 1 phosphate. In the serum of humans the concentration of thymidine phosphorylase is high, so almost all thymidine is degraded and hardly any thymidine can be detected in human serum. Thymidine analogues which are resistant to degradation by thymidine phosphorylase are quite stable in serum, indicating that it is thymidine phosphorylase which is mostly responsible for the degradation. The activity of thymidine phosphorylase can also be measured in vitro by an spectrophotometric assay. Here recombinant thymidine phosphorylase is incubate in 200 mM PBS, ph 7.4 containing 1 mM thymidine or thymidine analogue. The conversion can be measured by following an absorption change at 290 nm in the cuvette.
Metabolic stability if the compound as well as its label is important for allowing enrichment in proliferating cells, since the compounds have to reach their target still labeled without being degraded or modified to allow uptake into the cells. In order to test for in vitro stability of the compound as well as the label, the labeled compounds are incubated in heparinized human serum at 37° C. At various time points aliquods are taken and serum proteins are precipitated by the addition of acetonitrile, pelleted by centrifugation and the supernatant is analyzed by HPLC for metabolites and intact label.
Without further elaboration, it is believed that one skilled in the art can, using the preceding description, utilize the present invention to its fullest extent. The preceding preferred specific embodiments are, therefore, to be construed as merely illustrative, and not limitative of the remainder of the disclosure in any way whatsoever.
In the foregoing and in the examples, all temperatures are set forth uncorrected in degrees Celsius and, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise indicated.
The entire disclosures of all applications, patents and publications, cited herein and of corresponding European application No. 06090198.0, filed Oct. 25, 2006, and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/855,131, filed Oct. 31, 2006, are incorporated by reference herein.
The preceding examples can be repeated with similar success by substituting the generically or specifically described reactants and/or operating conditions of this invention for those used in the preceding examples.
From the foregoing description, one skilled in the art can easily ascertain the essential characteristics of this invention and, without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, can make various changes and modifications of the invention to adapt it to various usages and conditions.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 06090198.0 | Oct 2006 | EP | regional |
This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/855,131 filed Oct. 30, 2006, which is incorporated by reference herein.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60855131 | Oct 2006 | US |
