Tilt projection optical system

Abstract

A tilt projection optical system that performs enlarged projection from the primary image plane on the reduction side to the second image plane on the enlargement side without forming an intermediate real image while being located at an angled position, said tilt projection optical system has, sequentially from the primary image plane side, a refractive lens group including an aperture; a bending mirror that rotates the optical axis for the optical system after said bending mirror by approximately 90 degrees; and an optical group including at least one reflective surface that has a negative power; wherein the construction is such that the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group enlarges once and then converges in terms of its radius on the enlargement side from the aperture of the refracting lens group, and wherein the predetermined condition is met.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to an tilt projection optical system, and more particularly to an tilt projection optical system suitable for an image projector that, for example, performs enlarged projection from a primary image plane to a second image plane while being located at an angled position.

[0003] 2. Description of the Prior Art

[0004] Various image projectors have been proposed that enlarge and project the image displayed on a liquid crystal display or similar apparatus and that performs the enlarged projection from an angled direction so that the screen may be increased in size while the projector itself may be made compact. Specific examples of such devices include a device in which all of the optical elements of the projection optical system comprise reflective mirrors (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 10-111474), a device in which all of the optical elements of the projection optical system comprise refracting lenses (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 10-282451), and a device that has a projection optical system comprising a combination of reflective mirrors and refracting lenses (Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 9-179064).

[0005] As proposed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 10-111474, if all of the optical elements comprise reflective mirrors, the number of components may be reduced. However, because the reflective mirror does not have the freedom of color aberration correction, the arrangement of the color-synthesizing optical elements (such as three-faced color-synthesizing prisms) is restricted when the construction is such that colors are obtained via multiple liquid crystal display panels. In addition, while it is necessary to form the mirror using plastic in order to obtain a large-diameter curved mirror at a low cost, it is difficult to form a highly efficient reflective coating on the plastic surface. Consequently, if a plastic mirror is used in a projector capable of producing a high level of brightness, the temperature of the mirror increases and the reflective surface thereof deforms, resulting in deterioration in aberrations and durability. In particular, because mirrors close to the aperture are highly sensitive to errors, if a plastic mirror is used in a highly bright projector as any of the mirrors close to the aperture, the performance deterioration due to the deformation of the mirror caused by temperature change is a problem.

[0006] As proposed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 10-282451, if all of the optical elements comprise refracting lenses, projection from an angled position may be achieved with optical elements having a relatively small area. However, because a large number of decentered lens groups are required, and some of the lenses thereof must be decentered to a large degree, it is difficult to hold the optical elements together. Where reflective mirrors and refracting lenses are combined, as proposed by Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application 9-179064, the number of decentered lens groups needed is smaller and the construction of the projection optical system is simpler. However, in order to perform projection onto a large screen, a mirror having not only a high power but also a very large area, which is difficult to manufacture, is needed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0007] An object of the present invention is to provide an improved tilt projection optical system.

[0008] In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide an easy to manufacture, high-performance tilt projection optical system that is sufficiently thin because projection is performed from an angle.

[0009] These and other objects are achieved by an tilt projection optical system having the following construction:

[0010] an tilt projection optical system that performs enlarged projection from a primary image plane on the reduction side to a second image plane on an enlargement side while being located at an angled position, and that includes, sequentially from the primary image plane, a refracting lens group, a bending mirror, and a group that includes at least one reflective surface having a negative power, wherein the construction is such that (i) the optical system after the bending mirror is rotated by approximately 90 degrees based on the bending of the light path by the bending mirror, (ii) no intermediate real image is formed between the primary image plane and the second image plane, and (iii) the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group enlarges once and then converges in terms of its radius on the enlargement side from the aperture of the refracting lens group, and wherein the following condition (1) is met:

0.35<Rmin/Rmax<0.85  (1)

[0011] where,

[0012] Rmax: the maximum value of the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group, the maximum value being obtained when such circle enlarges in terms of its radius once on the enlargement side from the aperture; and

[0013] Rmin: the minimum value of the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group, the minimum value being obtained on the enlargement side from the surface at which the maximum value Rmax is obtained.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] This and other objects and features of this invention will become clear from the following description, taken in conjunction with the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanied drawings in which:

[0015] FIG. 1 is an XZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of a first embodiment;

[0016] FIG. 2 is a YZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of the first embodiment;

[0017] FIG. 3 is an XZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of a second embodiment;

[0018] FIG. 4 is a YZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of the second embodiment;

[0019] FIG. 5 is an XZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of a third embodiment (third numerical example);

[0020] FIG. 6 is a YZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of the third embodiment (third numerical example);

[0021] FIG. 7 is an XZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of a fourth embodiment (fourth numerical example);

[0022] FIG. 8 is a YZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of the fourth embodiment (fourth numerical example);

[0023] FIG. 9 is an XZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of a fifth embodiment (fifth numerical example);

[0024] FIG. 10 is a YZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of the fifth embodiment (fifth numerical example);

[0025] FIG. 11 is an XZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of a sixth embodiment (sixth numerical example);

[0026] FIG. 12 is a YZ cross-sectional view showing the optical construction and projection light path of the sixth embodiment (sixth numerical example);

[0027] FIG. 13 is a distortion diagram of the first embodiment;

[0028] FIG. 14 is a distortion diagram of the second embodiment;

[0029] FIG. 15 is a distortion diagram of the third embodiment;

[0030] FIG. 16 is a distortion diagram of the fourth embodiment;

[0031] FIG. 17 is a distortion diagram of the fifth embodiment;

[0032] FIG. 18 is a distortion diagram of the sixth embodiment; and

[0033] FIG. 19 is a spot diagram regarding each embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0034] The embodiments of the tilt projection optical system of the present invention are explained below with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 through 12 respectively show the optical construction and projection light path of the first through sixth embodiments. FIGS. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 show the XZ cross-section in a rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z), and FIGS. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 show the YZ cross-section in the same rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z). The surface of the prism (PR) on the side of the primary image plane (I1) is parallel to the XY surface.

[0035] Each embodiment comprises an tilt projection optical system for an image projector that performs enlarged projection from an angled position, in which the image is projected from the primary image plane (I1), on which the image is reduced, to the second image plane (I2), on which the image is enlarged. Therefore, the primary image plane (I1) corresponds to the display surface of the display element (such as an LCD, for example) that displays the two-dimensional image, and the second image plane (I2) corresponds to the projection image surface (i.e., the screen surface). It is possible to use each embodiment in an image reading device as an tilt projection optical system that performs reduced projection from the second image plane (I2) to the primary image plane (I1) while being located at an angle. In such a case, the primary image plane (I1) corresponds to the light receiving surface of the light receiving element (such as a CCD, or Charge Coupled Device, for example) that performs reading of the image and the second image plane (I2) corresponds to the image surface which is read (i.e., the original image surface, such as film).

[0036] Each embodiment includes, sequentially from the primary image plane (I1) side (i.e., the reduction side), a prism (PR), a refracting lens group (GL), a first mirror (M1), a second mirror (M2) and a third mirror (M3). The refracting lens group (GL) comprises multiple lenses and an aperture (ST). The reflective surfaces of the first and third mirrors (M1, M3) each comprise a flat surface, and the reflective surface of the second mirror (M2) has a negative power and comprises a free-form surface. In each of the embodiments, a mirror group (GM) that includes at least one reflective surface having a negative power is located on the second image plane (I2) side of the first mirror (M1). The mirror group (GM) includes the second and third mirrors (M2, M3), and in the third embodiment (FIG. 5), one lens (G1) located between the first and second mirrors (M1, M2) is also included. When the optical elements are arranged sequentially from the primary image plane (I1) to the second image plane (I2) in the order of multiple refracting lens surfaces, a flat reflective surface to bend the light path and a negative power reflective surface in this way, the projection optical system can be made wide-angled and thin thanks to the negative power reflective surfaces.

[0037] Because the first mirror (M1) is a bending mirror, in each embodiment, the optical system after the first mirror (M1) is rotated by approximately 90 degrees due to the bending of the light path by the first mirror (M1). Where the optical system after the first mirror (M1) is rotated by approximately 90 degrees in this way, the refracting lens group (GL) may be located parallel to the second image plane (I2). Consequently, even if the refracting lens group (GL) is long, the thickness of the projection optical system as a whole may be reduced. In addition, in each embodiment the construction is such that no intermediate real image is formed between the primary image plane (I1) and the second image plane (I2), and the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group (GL) enlarges once and then converges in terms of its radius on the enlargement side from the aperture (ST) of the refracting lens group (GL). Because no intermediate real image is formed between the primary image plane (I1) and the second image plane (I2), the length of the projection optical system as a whole may be reduced.

[0038] In addition to the construction in which the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group (GL) enlarges once and then converges in terms of its radius on the enlargement side from the aperture (ST) of the refracting lens group (GL), it is preferred that the following condition (1) be met:

0.35<Rmin/Rmax<0.85  (1)

[0039] where,

[0040] Rmax: the maximum value of the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group (GL), the maximum value being obtained when the above circle enlarges in terms of its radius once on the enlargement side from the aperture (ST); and

[0041] Rmin: the minimum value of the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group (GL), the minimum value being obtained on the enlargement side from the surface at which the maximum value Rmax is obtained.

[0042] Where the ratio Rmin/Rmax is under the lower limit of the condition (1), the maximum value Rmax becomes large, resulting in an excessively large effective diameter in the middle of the refracting lens group (GL) and consequently a large lens mount diameter, which makes it difficult to reduce the thickness of the projection optical system. In addition, because it is necessary to substantially bend the light rays so that the light that has spread to the maximum value Rmax rapidly converges to the minimum value Rmin, it becomes difficult to prevent the occurrence of image plane curvature. Conversely, where the ratio Rmin/Rmax exceeds the upper limit of the condition (1), the minimum value Rmin becomes too large, resulting in a large width of the light involved in image formation emitted from the refracting lens group (GL), which makes it difficult to bend the light path at the flat reflective surface of the first mirror (M1). In addition, the maximum value Rmax becomes too small, which makes it difficult to correct the color aberration that occurs in the lenses located on the primary image plane (I1) side (the reduction side) from the aperture (ST) using the lenses located on the second image plane (I2) side (the enlargement side) from the aperture (ST).

[0043] It is preferred that the reflective surface having a negative power not have an axis of rotational symmetry as with the reflective surface of the second mirror (M2) in each embodiment. If the negative power reflective surface located between the bending first mirror (M1) and the second image plane (I2) does not have an axis of rotational symmetry, the freedom in distortion correction increases, such that distortion may be corrected well. In addition, it is preferred that the refracting lens group (GL) comprise lenses that share a single axis. If the refracting lens group (GL) comprises lenses that share a single axis, the refracting lens group (GL) remains rotationally symmetrical, as in the conventional art, which makes the lenses and lens mount easy to manufacture, thereby reducing costs.

[0044] It is preferred that the refracting lens group (GL) include on the second image plane (I2) side from the aperture (ST) a lens group that includes at least one positive lens, a lens having a concave surface on the enlargement side, and a negative lens that is located next to the above concave surface and has a concave surface on the reduction side, which are located sequentially from the primary image plane (I1) side as in each embodiment. By spreading the light involved in image formation that has converged using the above two concave surfaces, the refracting lens group (GL) may be made sufficiently wide-angled, and correction of image plane curvature may be effectively achieved.

[0045] It is preferred that the refracting lens group (GL) include a surface that is not rotationally symmetrical. This construction enables the coma aberration at the screen-center image to be corrected and the number of lenses in the refracting lens group (GL) to be reduced, thereby allowing the projection optical system to be made thinner and the cost thereof further reduced. It is further preferred that the refracting lens group (GL) include a decentered lens. Using this construction, the same effect may be obtained as when a surface that is not rotationally symmetrical is included. Moreover, it is preferred that the construction be telecentric on the primary image plane (I1) side (i.e., the reduction side). Where the construction is telecentric on the reduction side, even if the LCD is located on the primary image plane (I1) side, projection with no unevenness in color and good contrast may be achieved.

[0046] It is preferred that the first mirror (M1), which comprises a bending mirror that bends the light path, and the second mirror (M2), which is a mirror with a negative power and is a component of a mirror group (GM) on the enlargement side from the first mirror, be coated on the surface with a coating that increases reflection. In addition, it is further preferred that using an angled coating comprising a dielectric material, the bending first mirror (M1) be coated with a reflection-increasing coating that changes thickness depending on the position on the mirror surface. By using a reflection-increasing coating that changes thickness depending on the position on the coated surface, a change in spectral reflectance, which occurs due to the fact that the angle at which the light strikes the mirror's reflective surface from the refracting lens group (GL) varies depending on the position of the surface, may be prevented. Therefore, the occurrence of unevenness in color may be prevented, and the amount of projected light may be increased for brighter images. Specifically, it is preferred that the construction be such that the thickness of the reflection-increasing coating increase as the angle of incidence regarding the mirror's reflective surface increases. In other words, it is preferred that the construction be such that the reflection-increasing coating of the bending first mirror (M1) becomes thicker as the distance to the refracting lens group (GL) increases, and that the reflection-increasing coating of the second mirror (M2) with a negative power becomes thicker as the second image plane (I2) becomes closer.

[0047] It is preferred that the construction be such that the angle of the bending mirror that is located between the refracting lens group (GL) and the negative power reflective surface, i.e., the first mirror (M1), is adjustable. If the angle of the first mirror (M1) is adjustable, errors in the positions of the refracting lens group (GL) and the second mirror (M2) may be corrected through adjustment of the angle of the first mirror (M1). At the same time, it is preferred that the construction be such that the mirror having a negative power reflective surface, i.e., the second mirror (M2), may be moved in a parallel fashion and such that the angle thereof is adjustable. Using this construction, the position of the second image plane (I2) can be adjusted through the parallel movement of the second mirror (M2), and the distortion that occurs due to screen angle error, etc., which occurs during manufacturing, may be corrected through adjustment of the angle of the second mirror (M2).

[0048] In order to effectively reduce the thickness of the projection optical system while maintaining high optical performance, it is further preferred that the following condition (2) be met:

0.70<La/Lt<0.93  (2)

[0049] where,

[0050] La: the distance between the screen center position of the primary image plane (I1) and the screen center position of the second image plane (I2) and that extends along the short edge of the screen of the second image plane (I2); and

[0051] Lt: the length of the short edge of the screen of the second image plane (I2).

[0052] Where the ratio La/Lt is below the lower limit of the condition (2), the refracting lens group (GL) is too close to the bottom part of the second image plane (I2), and it becomes difficult to place a bending mirror, which comprises the first mirror (M1), in the projection optical system. In addition, because it is necessary to reduce the effective area of the negative power reflective surface, which comprises the reflective surface of the second mirror (M2), distortion correction becomes difficult. Conversely, where the ratio La/Lt exceeds the upper limit of the condition (2), the distance between the screen center of the primary image plane (I1) and the screen center of the second image plane (I2) increases, and a large space is needed under the second image plane (I2). As a result, the projection optical system loses compactness, or the angle with which projection is made onto the second image plane (I2) increases, resulting in difficulty in correcting the nonsymmetrical distortion that occurs along the short edge of the second image plane (I2) or the slanting of the image plane.

[0053] Where the light that reaches from the screen center of the primary image plane (I1) to the screen center of the second image plane (I2) via the center of the aperture (ST) is deemed the ‘screen center light’, it is further preferred that the following condition (3) be met:

0.30<OP1/OP2<0.45  (3)

[0054] where,

[0055] OP1: the length of the light path of the screen center light that begins from the surface included in the refracting lens group (GL) and closest to the bending mirror, which comprises the first mirror (M1) in each embodiment, and extends to the negative power reflective surface, which comprises the reflective surface of the second mirror (M2) in each embodiment; and

[0056] OP2: the length of the light path of the screen center light that begins from the negative power reflective surface, which comprises the reflective surface of the second mirror (M2) in each embodiment, and extends to the second image plane (I2).

[0057] Where the ratio OP1/OP2 is below the lower limit of the condition (3), the distance from the refracting lens group (GL) to the negative power reflective surface is too small, and it is difficult to place a bending mirror therein. Conversely, where the ratio OP1/OP2 exceeds the upper limit of the condition (3), the bending mirror increases in size if the entire projection optical system is to be made thin, which results in increased cost.

[0058] The tilt projection optical system of the present invention is more specifically explained below using construction data, etc. The numerical examples 1 through 6 shown below respectively correspond to the first through sixth embodiments explained above, and the drawings showing each embodiment (FIGS. 1 through 12) show the light path, etc. of the corresponding numerical example.

[0059] The construction data for each numerical example pertains to a system from the primary image plane (I1) on the reduction side, which corresponds to the object plane in enlarged projection, to the second image plane (I2) on the enlargement side, which corresponds to the image plane in enlarged projection, and the ith surface from the reduction side is expressed as si (i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . ), and ri (i=0, 1, 2, 3, . . . ) is the radius (mm) of curvature of the surface si. In addition, di (i=0, 1, 2, 3 . . . ) indicates the ith axial distance from the reduction side (expressed in terms of millimeters, and the distance between decentered surfaces is shown as decentering data), and Ni (i=1, 2, 3, . . . ) and vi (i=1, 2, 3, . . . ) respectively indicate the refractive index (Nd) regarding the d-line and the Abbe number (vd) of the ith optical element from the reduction side.

[0060] Regarding surfaces that are decentered relative to the surface immediately before them on the reduction side, the decentering data is shown based on the global rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z). In the rectangular coordinate system (X, Y, Z), the position of the surface that is parallely decentered is expressed in terms of an apex of surface coordinate system (XDE, YDE, ZDE)={the parallely decentered position on the X axis (mm), the parallely decentered position on the Y axis (mm), the parallely decentered position on the Z axis (mm)}, which has the center position of the first surface (s1) that is parallel to the XY plane as the original point (0, 0, 0), and the gradient of the surface (rotationally decentered position) is expressed in terms of the angle of rotation around each axis of X, Y and Z with the apex of surface of that surface deemed the center, i.e., ADE, BDE, CDE(°). The order of decentering is XDE, YDE, ZDE, ADE, BDE and CDE.

[0061] The surface si with an asterisk is an aspherical surface that is symmetrical across an axis, and the configuration of the surface is defined by the equation (ASP) below that uses a local rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z) in which the apex of surface is deemed the original point. The surface si with a dollar sign is a free-form surface, and the configuration of the surface is defined by the equation below (XYP) that uses a local rectangular coordinate system (x, y, z) in which the apex of surface is deemed the original point. The aspherical data and free-form surface data are shown with other data.

Z =(ch2)/[1+{square root}{1−(1+K)c2h2}+(Ah4+Bh6+Ch8+Dh10+Eh12+Fh14)−(ASP)

[0062] where,

[0063] z: the amount of disposition at height h from the reference surface and along the z axis;

[0064] h: the height in the direction perpendicular to the z axis (h2=x2+y2);

[0065] c: the paraxial curvature (=1/radius of curvature);

[0066] A, B, C, D, E, F: aspherical coefficients;

[0067] K: the conic constant; and

[0068] C(m, n): the free-form surface coefficient (m, n=0, 1, 2, . . . ).

[0069] The optical performance of each numerical example is shown using distortion diagrams (FIGS. 13 through 18) and a spot diagram (FIG. 19). The distortion diagram shows the position of the light (mm) on the second image plane (I2) that corresponds to a rectangular lattice on the primary image plane (I1). The solid lines indicate the distorted lattice of the example and the dotted lines indicate the lattice of ideal image points (with no distortion) taking into account the anamorphic ratio. The spot diagram shows the image formation characteristic (mm) on the second image plane (I2) with regard to the three frequencies of d-line, g-line and c-line.

[0070] Where the x axis runs along the long edge of the screen of the primary image plane (I1) (the same direction as the X axis) and the y axis runs along the short edge of the screen of the primary image plane (I1) (the same direction as the Y axis), the object height (mm) that corresponds to each field position is expressed using a local rectangular coordinate system (x, y) in which the center of the screen of the primary image plane (I1) is deemed the original point. Where the x′ axis runs along the long edge of the screen of the second image plane (I2) and the y′ axis runs along the short edge of the screen of the second image plane (I2), each image height (mm) is expressed using a local coordinate system (x′, y′) in which the center of the screen of the second image plane (I2) is deemed the original point. Therefore, each distortion diagram shows the state of distortion of the real image on the second image plane (I2) seen from a direction perpendicular to the x′-y′ plane (only the negative side of x′, however). Because all of the examples are symmetrical as to the YZ plane except for the bending first mirror (M1) that has a flat reflective surface, only the spot and distortion evaluation object points on one side of the screen relative to the YZ plane are shown. However, the light path drawing is shown using light rays that include the evaluation object points that are symmetrical as to the YZ plane, and calculation is made for the data (Rmax, Rmin) associated with the condition (1) using light rays that include the evaluation object points that are symmetrical as to the YZ plane. The evaluation object point (x, y) for each field position is shown in terms of the object height (mm) on the primary image plane (I1), and the values that meet the conditions and the associated data regarding each numerical example are shown in Table 1.

	[Axial	[Refractive
[surface]	[Radius of Curvature]	Distance]	Index]	[Abbe Number]
[Example 1]
s0(I1)	r0 = ∞
		d0 = 9.614
PR . . .
s1	r1 = ∞
		d1 = 36.000	N1 = 1.805180	v1 = 25.432
s2	r2 = ∞
(GL) . . .
s3	r3 = 389.137
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.377,ZDE = 41.000
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
		d3 = 6.000	N2 = 1.846660	v2 = 23.8227
s4	r4 = −92.289
		d4 = 34.944
s5	r5 = 32.501
		d5 = 10.000	N3 = 1.493100	v3 = 83.5763
s6	r6= −251.781
		d6 = 0.200
s7	r7 = 38.432
		d7 = 5.000	N4 = 1.492700	v4 = 57.4912
s8*	r8 = 26.462
		d8 = 8.184
s9	r9 = −59.813
		d9 = 5.000	N5 = 1.805180	v5 = 25.4321
s10	r10 = 20.208
		d10 = 9.000	N6 = 1.754500	v6 = 51.5721
s11	r11 = −79.475
		d11 = 2.499
s12(ST)	r12 = ∞(Radius of aperture = 11.176 mm)
		d12 = 5.000
s13	r13 = −25.320
		d13 = 3.000	N7 = 1.805180	v7 = 25.4321
s14	r14 = −34.917
		d14 = 30.471
s15	r15 = −1766.064
		d15 = 9.000	N8 = 1.805180	v8 =0 25.4321
s16	r16= −60.027
		d16 = 19.059
s17	r17 = 68.326
		d17 = 6.000	N9 = 1.850000	v9 = 40.0377
s18	r18 = 152.914
		d18 = 0.200
s19	r19 = 41.251
		d19 = 8.000	N10 =	v10 = 31.1592
s20	r20 = 45.804		1.688930
		d20 = 10.000	N11 =	v11 = 51.5721
s21	r21 = 25.796		1.754500
		d21 = 15.276
s22	r22 = −28.893
		d22 = 3.5000	N12 =	v12 = 25.4321
s23	r23 = 160 .726		1.805180
		d23 = 2.627
s24	r24 = 388.180
		d24 = 6.500	N13 =	v13 = 57.4912
s25*	r25 = −90.786		1.492700
s26(M1)	r26 = ∞
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.377,ZDE = 270.459
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −45.000,CDE = 0.000
s27$(M2)	r27 = ∞
	XDE = −163.000,YDE = 7.377,ZDE = 270.459
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = O.000
s28(M3)	r28 = ∞
	XDE = 30.000,YDE = 257.377,ZDE = 270.459
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
s29(12)	r29 = ∞
	XDE = −200.000,YDE = 357.377,ZDE = 270.459
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
[Aspherical Data of 8th Surface (s8)]
K = 0.0000,
A = 0.323962 × 10−5,B = 0.661895 × 10−8,C = −0.204368 × 10−10,
D = 0.348804 × 10−12,E = 0.149873 × 10−14,F = 0.292638 × 10−17
[Aspherical Data of 25th Surface (s25)]
K = 0.0000,
A = −0.156512 × 10−5,B = −0.202291 × 10−8,C = 0.394682 × 10−11
D = −0.124846 × 10−13,E = 0.186023 × 10−16,F = −0.110946 × 10−19
[Free Form Surface Data of 27th Surface (s27)]
K = 0.0000,
C(0,1) = −9.4352 × 10−3,C(2,0) = 2.6872 × 10−3,C(0,2) = −2.3468 × 10−3
C(2,1) = 9.5042 × 10−6,C(03) = −5.1030 × 10−6,C(4,0) = 1.8218 × 10−7
C(2,2) = −9.2302 × 10−8,C(04) = 1.8903 × 10−7,C(4,1) =−3.4450 × 10−9
C(2,3) = 8.9824 × 10−9,C(0,5) = 9.3692 × 10−10,C(6,0) = −1.5958 × 10−11,
C(4,2) = 8.7755 × 10−11,C(2,4) = −1.7774 × 10−10,C(0,6) = −4.4660 × 10−11,
C(6,1) = 4.1808 × 10−13,C(4,3) = −2.4108 × 10−12,C(2,5) = 1.6975 × 10−12,
C(0,7) = 3.9188 × 10−13,C(8,0) = 7.5582 × 10−16,(6,2) = −5.5138 × 10−15,
C(4,4) = 3.6069 × 10−14,C(2,6) = −1.0551 × 10−14,(0.8) = −5.6557 × 10−16,
C(8,1) = −2.1197 × 10−17,C(6,3) = 5.0871 × 10−17,C(4,5) = −2.6528 × 10−16,
C(2,7) = 5.2233 × 10−17,C(0,9) = −1.0050 × 10−17,C(10,0) = 5.3335 × 10−21,
C(8,2) = 1.3706 × 10−19,C(6,4) = −2.2646 × 10−19,C(4,6) = 7.7225 × 10−19,
C(2,8) = −1.4943 × 10−19,C(0,10) = 4.4049 × 10−20
[Object Height (x,y) . . . Object Height of Primary Image Surface (I1) Side (mm)]
PI:( 0.000, 0.000),P2:( 0.000, 4.800),P3:( 0.000,−4.800),
P4:( 4.250, 4.800),P5:( 4.250, 0.000),P6:( 4.250,−4.800),
P7:( 8.500, 4.800),P8:( 8.500, 0.000),P9:( 8.500,−4.800)
[Example 2]
s0(I1)	r0 = ∞
		d0 = 9.034
(PR) . . .
s1	r1 = ∞
		d1 = 35.000	N1 = 1.516800	v1 = 64.1988
s2	r2 = ∞
(GL) . . .
s3	r3 = −124.304
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.740,ZDE = 43.000
	ADE =0.000,BDE = O.000,CDE = 0.000
		d3 = 15.000	N2 = 1.846660	v2 = 23.8200
s4	r4 = −78.008
		d4 = 7.976
s5	r5 = 129.978
		d5 = 9.500	N3 = 1.798500	v3 = 22.6000
s6	r6 = −134.564
		d6 = 43.634
s7	r7 = −64.381
		d7 = 3.000	N4 = 1.845626	v4 = 23.7940
s8	r8 = 66.462
		d8 = 9.200	N5 = 1.487490	v5 = 70.4465
s9	r9 = −72.787
		d9 = 0.100
s10	r10 = 141.179
		d10 = 9.200	N6 = 1.754500	v6 = 51.5700
s11	r11 = −36.331
		d11 = 3.000	N7 = 1.760263	v7 = 23.8785
s12	r12 = −354.830
		d12 = 0.100
s13(ST)	r13 = ∞(Radius of aperture = 17.888 mm)
		d13 = 101.294
s14	r14 = −576.500
		d14 = 10.000	N8 = 1.798500	v8 = 22.6000
s15	r15 = −114.448
		d15 = 0.100
s16	r16 = 105.343
		d16 = 12.00	N9 = 1.806831	v9 = 44.2191
s17	r17 = 681.514
		d17 = 29.335
s18	r18 = 53.589
		d18 = 13.372	N10 =	v10 = 40.0400
s19	r19 = 40.687		1.850000
		d19 = 14.351
s20	r20 = −55.714
		d20 = 4.000	N11 =	v11 = 32.5368
s21	r21 = 69.967		1.772677
		d21 = 22.058
s22	r22 = −29.217
		d22 = 5.000	N12 =	v12 = 51.5700
s23	r23 = −72.564		1.754500
		d23 = 0.940
s24	r24 = −179.539
		d24 = 24.200	N13 =	v13 = 83.5763
s25	r25 = −51.309		1.493100
		d25 = 0.100
s26	r26 = −160.153
		d26 = 10.510	N14 =	v14 = 51.5700
s27	r27 = −95.833		1.754500
s28(M1)	r28 = ∞
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.740,ZDE = 442.970
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −45.000,CDE = 0.000
s29$(M2)	r29 = −46.883
	XDE = −178.000,YDE = 7.740,ZDE = 442.970
	ADE = −90.000,BDE = −71.417,CDE = −90.000
s30(M3)	r30 = ∞
	XDE = 37.000,YDE = 7.740,ZDE = 442.970
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
s31 (I2)	r31 = ∞
	XDE = −213.000,YDE = 7.740,ZDE = 442.970
	ADE = O.O00,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
[Free Form Surface Data of 29th Surface (s29)]
K = −1.3269,
C(0,1) = −3.506 × 10−1,C(2,0) = 6.2489 × 10−3,C(0,2) = 6.3717 × 10−3,
C(2,1) = −2.2344 × 10−7,C(0,3) = −1.9720 × 10−5,C(4,0) = −1.0124 × 10−7,
C(2,2) = −4.4762 × 10−7,C(0,4) = 5.6942 × 10−8,C(4,1) = −2.2517 × 10−10,
C(2,3) = 5.1671 × 10−9,C(0,5) = −4.2388 × 10−10,C(6,0) = −3.1929 × 10−13,
C(4,2) = 2.0656 × 10−11,C(2,4) = −3.2830 × 10−11,C(0,6) = 72846 × 10−12,
C(6,1) = 6.4603 × 10−15,C(4,3) = −1.7559 × 10−13,C(2,5) = 6.9835 × 10−14,
C(0,7) = −7.3114 × 10−14,C(8,0) = 1.4713 × 10−16,C(6,2) = −9.8759 × 10−17,
C(4,4) = 4.7420 × 10−16,C(2,6) = 2.0744 × 10−16,C(0,8) = 2.5502 × 10−16
[Object Height (x,y) . . . Object Height of Primary Image Surface (I1) Side (mm)]
P1:( 0.000, 0.000),P2:( 0.000, 4.458),P3:( 0.000,−4.458),
P4:( 3.923, 4.458),P5:( 3.923, 0.000),P6:( 3.923,−4.458),
P7:( 7.845, 4.458),P8:( 7.845, 0.000),P9:( 7.845,−4.458)
[Example 3]
s0(I1)	r0 = ∞
		d0 = 9.842
(PR) . . .
s1	r1 = ∞
		d1 = 35.000	N1 =1.516800	v1 =64.1988
s2	r2 = ∞
(GL) . . .
s3	r3 = −152.335
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 8.254,ZDE = 49.283
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
		d3 = 5.456	N2 = 1.798500	v2 = 22.6000
s4	r4 = −74.243
		d4 = 0.876
s5	r5 = 88.216
		d5 = 7.115	N3 = 1.798500	v3 = 22.6000
s6	r6 = −164.239
		d6 = 29.861
s7	r7 = −157.747
		d7 = 1.420	N4 = 1.847190	v4 = 25.6167
s8	r8 = 30.384
		d8 = 5.778	N5 = 1.487490	v5 = 70.4465
s9	r9 = −146.737
		d9 = 1.169
s10	r10 = 79.274
		d10 = 6.844	N6 = 1.803020	v6 = 44.6552
s11	r11 = −25.484
		d11 = 10.774	N7 = 1.798410	v7 = 22.6000
s12	r12 = 156.712
		d12 = 3.432
s13(ST)	r13 = ∞(Radius of aperture = 11.7845 mm)
		d13 = 52.664
s14	r14 = −67.472
		d14 = 11.340	N8 = 1.711910	v8 = 27.5673
s15	r15 = −50.953
		d15 = 1.231
s16	r16 = 99.005
		d16 = 14.486	N9 = 1.661310	v9 = 40.7016
s17	r17 = −184.967
		d17 = 1.252
s18	r18 = 62.875
		d18 = 25.809	N10 =	v10 = 33.3804
s19	r19 = 54.318		1.849000
		d19 = 10.495
s20	r20 = −107.429
		d20 = 2.962	N11 =	v11 = 40.0400
s21	r21 = 68.357		1.850000
		d21 = 17.644
s22	r22 = −25.867
		d22 = 2.984	N12 =	v12 = 59.9268
s23*	r23 = −30.608		1.491400
s24(M1)	r24 = ∞
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 8.254,ZDE = 292.904
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −45.000,CDE = O.000
(G1) . . .
s25	r25 = 61.332
	XDE = −71.363,YDE = 7.298,ZDE = 292.904
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = O.000
			N13 =	v13 = 59.9268
s26*	r26 = 206.494		1.491400
	XDE = −73.933,YDE = 7.298,ZDE = 292.908
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
s27$(M2)	r27 = −133.804
	XDE = −168.026,YDE = 57.604,ZDE = 292.904
	ADE = 90.000,BDE = −79.656,CDE = 90.000
s28(M3)	r28 = ∞
	XDE = 36.810,YDE = 250.250,ZDE = 292.9040
	ADE = 90.000,BDE = −89.045,CDE = 90.000
s29(I2)	r29 = ∞
	XDE = −190.778,YDE = 413.403,ZDE = 292.904
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
[Aspherical Data of 23rd Surface (s23)]
K = 0.000000,
A = O.214465 × 10−5 ,B = 0.671861 × 10−9 ,C = 0.432050 × 10−12
[Aspherical Data of 26th Surface (s26)]
K = 0.000000,
A = 0.127518 × 10−5 ,B = −0.167103 × 10−9 ,C = 0.261979 × 10−13
[Free Form Surface Data of 27th Surface (s27)]
K = −1.0724,
C(2,0) = 1.9959 × 10−3,C(0,2) = 2.4902 × 10−3,C(2,1) = 9.8790 × 10−6,
C(0,3) = 6.5829 × 10−6,C(4,0) = 4.9089 × 10−8,C(2,2) = 8.3849 × 10−9,
C(0,4) = 9.2711 × 10−9,C(4,1) = −5.8570 × 10−10,C(2,3) = −2.5838 × 10−10,
C(0,5) = −7.7201 × 10−11,C(6,0) = −2.8209 × 10−12,C(4,2) = 2.4518 × 10−12,
C(2,4) = −5.1310 × 10−12,C(0,6) = −3.9190 × 10−12,C(6,1) = 2.7897 × 10−14,
C(4,3) = −4.5394 × 10−14,C(2,5) = 6.7944 × 10−14,C(0,7) = 2.0762 × 10−14,
C(8,0) = 8.9760 × 10−17,C(4,4) = 4.3965 × 10−16,C(0,8) = 8.2880 × 10−17
[Object Height (x,y) . . . Object Height of Primary Image Surface (I1) Side (mm)]
P1:( 0.000, 0.000),P2:( 0.000, 4.800),P3:( 0.O00,−4.800),
P4:( 4.250, 4.800),P5:( 4.250, 0.000),P6:( 4.250,−4.800),
P7:( 8.500, 4.800),P8:( 8.500, 0.000),P9:( 8.500,−4.800)
[Example 4]
s0(I1)	r0 = ∞
		d0 =9.842
(PR) . . .
s1	r1 = ∞
		d1 = 35.000	N1 = 1.516800	v1 = 64.1988
s2	r2 = ∞
(GL) . . .
s3	r3 = −131.104
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.292,ZDE = 38.340
	ADE = −0.393,BDE = 0.000,CDE=0.000
		d3 = 11.729	N2 = 1.798500	v2 = 22.6000
s4	r4 = −64.802
		d4 = 0.876
s5	rS = 76.511
		d5 = 6.570	N3 = 1.798500	v3 = 22.6000
s6	r6 = −199.490
s7	r7 = −60.723
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.629,ZDE = 91.756
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
		d7 = 1.411	N4 = 1.846600	v4 = 23.8200
s8	r8 = 32.893
		d8 = 4.823	N5 = 1.487490	v5 = 70.4465
s9	r9 = −84.430
		d9 = 1.167
s10	r10 = 82.154
		d10 = 5.596	N6 = 1.780010	v6 = 47.5812
s11	r11 = −24.747
		d11 = 1.676	N7 = 1.798500	v7 = 22.6000
s12	r12 = 3481.360
s13(ST)	r13 = ∞(Radius of aperture = 10.835 mm)
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 6.786,ZDE = 106.577
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
s14	r14 = −234.348
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.891,ZDE = 157.478
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
		d14 = 12.921	N8 = 1.844180	v8 = 40.5333
s15	r15 = −65.833
		d15 = 1.056
s16	r16 = 67.991
		d16 = 10.051	N9 = 1.849190	v9 = 34.4777
s17	r17 = 43883.560
s18	r18 = 49.740
	XDE = 0.OOO,YDE = 7.7135,ZDE = 182.795
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
		d18 = 11.579	N10 =	v10 = 40.0400
s19	r19 = 50.385		1.850000
		d19 = 6.406
s20	r20 = 841.039
		d20 = 1.793	N11 =	v11 =43.5065
s21	r21 = 30.970		1.691580
s22	r22 = −28.663
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.596,ZDE = 218.039
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
		d22 = 1.936	N12 =	v12 = 59.9268
s23*	r23 = −50.357		1.491400
		d23 = 1.944
s24	r24 = −67.304
		d24 = 1.875	N13 =	v13 = 59.9268
s25*	r25 = 308.760		1.491400
s26(M1)	r26 = ∞
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.596,ZDE = 258.794
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −45.000,CDE = 0.000
s27$(M2)	r27 = −90.211
	XDE = −139.254,YDE = −22.8882,ZDE = 258.794
	ADE = −90.000,BDE = −74.113,CDE = −90.000
s28(M3)	r28 = ∞
	XDE = 28.656,YDE = 500.000,ZDE = 258.794
	ADE = 90.000,BDE = −88.809,CDE = 90.000
s29(12)	r29 = ∞
	XDE = −162.560,YDE = 326.646,ZDE = 258.794
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
[Aspherical Data of 2t3rd Surface (s23)]
K = 0.000000,
A = 0.4806O4 × 10−5 ,B = 0.191320 × 10−8
[Aspherical Data of 25th Surface (s25)]
K = 0.000000,
A = −0.518080 × 10−5 ,B = 0.499961 × 10−9
[Free Form Surface Data of 27th Surface (s27)]
K = −1.1662,
C(2,0) = 2.5207 × 10−3,C(0,2) = −1.8136 × 10−3,C(2,1) = −2.3329 × 10−5,
C(0,3) = 9.0655 × 10−5,C(4,0) = 3.3581 × 10−7,C(2,2) = 4.2322 × 10−7,
C(0,4) = −1.4625 × 10−6,C(4,1) = −2.6190 × 10−9,C(2,3) = 5.9888 × 10−10,
C(0,5) = 1.4008 × 10−8,C(6,0) = −3.8774 × 10−11,C(4,2) = 3.7303 − 10−12,
C(2,4) = −2.0503 × 10−11,C(0,6) = −5.9655 × 10−11,C(6,1) = 5.4681 × 10−13,
C(4,3) = −2.6378 × 10−13,C(2,5) = −4.7324 × 10−14,C(0,7) = 2.9438 × 10−14,
C(8,0) = 8.7080 × 10−16,C(6,2) = −37447 × 10−15,C(4,4) = 3.3758 × 10−15,
C(2,6) = 6.5795 × 10−16,C(0,8) = 3.3328 × 10−16,C(6,3) = 1.0859 × 10−17,
C(4,5) = −8.9597 × 10−18,C(4,6) = −1.7692 × 10−20
[Object Height (x,y) . . . Object Height of Primary Image Surface (I1) Side (mm)]
P1:( 0.000, 0.000),P2:( 0.000, 4.800),P3:( 0.000,−4.800),
P4:( 4.250, 4.800),P5:( 4.250, 0.000),P6:( 4.250,−4.800),
P7:( 8.500, 4.800),P8:( 8.500, 0.000),P9:( 8.500,−4.800)
[Example 5]
s0(I1)	r0 = ∞
		d0 = 9.500
(PR) . . .
s1	r1 = ∞
		d1 = 36.000	N1 =1.805180	v1 = 25.4321
s2	r2 = ∞
(GL) . . .
s3	r3 = 136.535
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.241,ZDE = 40.000
	ADE = 0.000,BDE =O.000,CDE = 0.000
		d3 = 7.500	N2 = 1.798500	v2 = 22.6000
s4	r4 = −79.913
		d4 = 10.037
s5	r5 = 28.099
		d5 = 10.000	N3 = 1.493100	v3 = 83.5763
s6	r6 = 133.356
		d6 = 4.174
s7	r7 = 41 .808
		d7 = 5.000	N4 = 1.492700	v4 = 57.4912
s8*	r8 = 21.252
		d8 = 8.000
s9	r9 = −32.642
		d9 = 3.000	N5 = 1.769655	v5 = 25.2700
s10	r10 = 20.462
		d10 = 10.000	N6 = 1.754500	v6 = 51.5700
s11	r11 = −29.292
		d11 = 0.100
s12(ST)	r12 = ∞(Radius of aperture = 9.485 mm)
		d12 = 1.974
s13	r13 = −23.890
		d13 = 3.000	N7 = 1.708106	v7 = 26.1543
s14	r14 = −41.620
		d14 = 33.362
s15	r15 = −161.757
		d15 = 9.000	N8 = 1.849322	v8 = 35.1881
s16	r16 = −47.765
		d16 = 0.966
s17	r17 = 70.575
		d17 = 10.000	N9 = 1.754500	v9 = 51.5700
s18	r18 = 255.425
		d18 = 2.414
s19	r19 = 37.159
		d19 = 10.000	N10 =	v10 = 40.0400
s20	r20 = 27.689		1.850000
		d20 = 16.973
s21	r21 = −31.377
		d21 = 5.000	N11 =	v11 = 57.4912
s22$	r22 = 103.368		1.492700
s23(M1)	r23 = ∞
	XDE = 0.O00,YDE = 7.241,ZDE = 225.500
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −45.000,CDE = 0.000
s24$(M2)	r24 = −271.305
	XDE = −1 70.000,YDE = 17.526,ZDE = 225.500
	ADE = 90.000,BDE = −84.319,CDE = 90.000
s25(M3)	r25 = ∞
	XDE = 35.000,YDE = 190.394,ZDE = 225.500
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
		d25 = 200.000
s26(I2)	r26 = ∞
	XDE = −205.000,YDE = 353.141,ZDE = 225.500
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
[Aspherical Data of 8th Surface (s8)]
K = 0.000000,
A = 0.100629 × 10−4 ,B = 0.254692 × 10−7 ,C = −0.251005 × 10−10 ,
D = 0.153156 × 10−11 ,E = −0.826340 × 10−14 ,F = 0.212717 × 10−16
[Free Form Surface Data of 22nd Surface (s22)]
K = 0.0000,
C(0,1) = −1.6293 × 10−3,C(2,0) = 1.4426 × 10−3,C(0,2) = 1.4218 × 10−3,
C(2,1) = −4.2540 × 10−7,C(0,3) = −1.0891 × 10−6,C(4,0) = −2.2369 × 10−6,
C(2,2) = −3.8695 × 10−6,C(0,4) = −1.9139 × 10−6,C (4,1) = −9.8458 × 10−9,
C(2,3) = −1.8038 × 10−8,C(0,5) = −1.7215 × 10−8,C(6,0) = −4.3124 × 10−10,
C(4,2) = −5.3873 × 10−9,C(2,4) = −8.7969 × 10−9,C(0,6) = −1.1734 × 10−9,
C(6,1) = 2.5255 × 10−11,C(4,3) = 4.5351 × 10−10,C(2,5) = 5.6502 × 10−10,
C(0,7) = 5.4844 × 10−11,C(8,0) = −6.7494 × 10−13,C(6,2) = 3.0994 × 10−12,
C(4,4) = −1.3060 × 10−11,C(2,6) = −9.25l4 × 10−12,C(0,8) = −5.0474 × 10−13
[Free Form Surface Data of 24th Surface (s24)]
K = −8.6243 × 10−1
C(0,1) = 4.7937 × 10−2,C(2,0) = −8.2792 × 10−4,C(0,2) = −6.5377 × 10−4,
C(2,1) = 9.6203 × 10−6,C(0,3) = −8.2822 × 10−8,C(4,0) = 1.6468 × 10−7,
C(2,2) = 1.6006 × 10−7,C(0,4) = 4.6783 × 10−7,C(4,1) = −1.8822 × 10−9,
C(2,3) = 6.9203 × 10−10,C(0,5) = −1.0444 × 10−8,C(6,0) = −2.1145 × 10−11,
C(4,2) = 3.6043 × 10−12,C(2,4) = −5.7242 × 10−11,C(0,6) = 1.5134 × 10−10,
C(6,1) = 3.6092 × 10−13,C(4,3) = −3.1945 × 10−14,C(2,5) = 6.4981 × 10−13,
C(0,7) = −1.3725 × 10−12,C(8,0) = 3.1830 × 10−15,C(6,2) = −3.9355 × 10−15,
C(4,4) = −1.1713 × 10−15,C(2,6) = −2.2471 × 10−15,C(0,8) = 5.6943 × 10−15,
C(8,1) = −3.6162 × 10−17,C(6,3) = 1.3316 × 10−17,C(4,5) = 6.1204 × 10−17,
C(2,7) = −2.0287 × 10−17,C(0,9) = 7.4268 × 10−18,C(10,0) = −2.4438 × 10−19,
C(8,2) = 5.3480 × 10−19,C(6,4) = 2.4708 × 10−19,C(4,6) = −3.6337 × 10−19,
C(2,8) = 1.7291 × 10−19,C(0,10) = −1.0876 × 10−19
[Object Height (x,y) . . . Object Height of Primary Image Surface (I1) Side (mm)]
P1:( 0.000, 0.000),P2:( 0.000, 4.800),P3:( 0.000,−4.800),
P4:( 4.250, 4.800),P5:( 4.250, 0.000),P6:( 4.250,−4.800),
P7:( 8.500, 4.800),P8:( 8.500, 0.000),P9:( 8.500,−4.800)
[Example 6]
s0(I1)	r0 = ∞
		d0 = 13.076
(PR) . . .
s1	r1 = ∞
		d1 = 25.000	N1 = 1.516800	v1 = 64.1988
s2	r2 = ∞
(GL) . . .
s3	r3 = −212.523
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 7.387,ZDE = 53.491
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
		d3 = 15.000	N2 = 1.798500	v2 = 22.6000
s4	r4 = −91.328
		d4 = 5.073
s5	rS = 101.658
		d5 = 8.253	N3 = 1.798500	v3 = 22.6000
s6	r6 = −337.336
		d6 = 37.063
s7	r7 = −181.840
		d7 = 3.000	N4 = 1.784781	v4 = 24.9442
s8	r8 = 42.090
		d8 = 0.100
s9	r9 = 41.613
		d9 = 8.860	N5 = 1.493100	v5 = 83.5763
s10	r10 = −174.263
		d10 = 0.100
s11	r11 = 85.332
		d11 = 9.083	N6 = 1.754500	v6 =51.5700
s12	r12 = −48.862
		d12 = 3.002	N7 = 1.814040	v7 = 22.9953
s13	r13 = 298.705
		d13 = 11.664
s14(ST)	r14 = ∞(Radius of aperture = 18.187 mm)
s15	r15 = −1597.872
	XDE = 0 .000,YDE = 7.035,ZDE = 254.725
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
		d15 = 8.173	N8 = 1.846829	v8 = 24.3204
s16	r16 = −114.156
		d16 = 0.100
s17	r17 = 63.694
		d17 = 15.000	N9 = 1.850000	v9 = 40.0400
s18	r18 = 287.502
		d18 = 2.182
s19	r19 = −296.867
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 6.701,ZDE = 296.403
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = 0.000,CDE = 0.000
		d19 = 3.030	N10 =	v10 = 28.1094
s20	r20 = 37.151		1.674344
		d20 = 18.590
s21	r21 = −32.120
		d21 = 3.000	N11 =	v11 = 70.4400
s22	r22 = 348.721		1.487490
		d22 = 23.977
s23$	r23 = −116.234
		d23 = 15.000	N12 =	v12 = 57.4912
s24	r24 = −61.570		1.492700
s25(M1)	r25 = ∞
	XDE = 0.000,YDE = 6.701,ZDE = 418.000
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −45.000,CDE = 0.000
s26$(M2)	r26 = −29.074
	XDE = −172.000,YDE = 6.701,ZDE = 418.000
	ADE = −90.000,BDE = −79.735,CDE = −90.000
s27(M3)	r27 = ∞
	XDE = 43.000,YDE = 6.7301,ZDE = 418.000
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = 0.000
s28(12)	r28 = ∞
	XDE = −207.000,YDE= 6.701,ZDE = 418.000
	ADE = 0.000,BDE = −90.000,CDE = O.000
[Free Form Surface Data of 23rd Surface (s23)]
K = 0.0000,
C(0,1) = 3.9445 × 10−3,C(2,0) = −1.3570 × 10−5,C(0,2) = −3.4941 × 10−5,
C(2,1) = 6.5031 × 10−6,C(0,3) = 1.2844 × 10−5,C(4,0) = 3.1301 × 10−7,
C(2,2) = 1.7452 × 10−7,C(0,4) = −8.4504 × 10−7,C(4,1) = −2.9251 × 10−9,
C(2,3) = 3.8928 × 10−9,C(0,5) = 5.7690 × 10−8,C(6,0) = 1.8827 × 10−10,
C(4,2) = 1.2048 × 10−9,C(2,4) = 8.7235 × 10−10,C(0,6) = −1.6052 × 10−9,
C(6,1) = −5.1612 × 10−12,C(4,3) = −2.2463 × 10−11,C(2,5) = −7.4469 × 10−12,
C(0,7) = 3.1560 × 10−11,C(8,0) 9.5453 × 10−15,C(6,2) = −7.0506 × 10−14,
C(4,4) = 2.4618 × 10−14,C(2,6) = −9.6357 × 10−14,C(0,8) = −2.6819 × −13
[Free Form Surface Data of 26th Surface (s26)]
K = −1.0702
C(0,1) = −1.8285 × 10−1,C(2,0) = 1.3106 × 10−2,C(0,2) = 1.2815 × 10−2,
C(2,1) = 5.0938 × 10−6,C(0,3) = 7.8850 × 10−6,C(4,0) = −7.8339 × 10−8,
C(2,2) = −3.2166 × 10−7,C(0,4) = −2.8413 × 10−7,C(4,1) = −2.2027 × 10−9,
C(2,3) = −1.0281 × 10−9,C(0,5) = 1.7065 × 10−9,C(6,0) = −5.0398 × 10−12,
C(4,2) = 3.0970 × 10−11,C(2,4) = 1.7380 × 10−11,C(0,6) = −1.5040 × 10−11,
C(6,1) = 1.1312 × 10−13,C(4,3) = −1.2207 × 10−13,C(2,5) = −2.7224 × 10−14,
C(0,7) = 1.0179 × 10−13,C(8,0) = 1.3590 × 10−16,C(6,2) = −6.0907 × 10−16,
C(4,4) = 1.3192 × 10−16,C(2,6) = −8.7560 × 10−17,C(0,8) = −2.6275 × 10−16
[Object Height (x,y) . . . Object Height of Primary Image Surface (I1) Side (mm)]
P1:( 0.000, 0.000),P2:( 0.000, 4.458),P3:( 0.000,−4.458),
P4:( 3.923, 4.458),P5:( 3.923, 0.000),P6:( 3.923,−4.458),
P7:( 7.845, 4.458),P8:( 7.845, 0.000),P9:( 7.845,−4.458)

[0071] As explained above, using the present invention, a high-performance tilt projection optical system, which is sufficiently thin and easy to manufacture, may be implemented through the use of angled projection.

[0072] Although the present invention has been fully described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, unless otherwise such changes and modification depart from the scope of the present invention, they should be construed as being included therein.

Claims

1. A tilt projection optical system that performs enlarged projection from the primary image plane on the reduction side to the second image plane on the enlargement side without forming an intermediate real image while being located at an angled position, said tilt projection optical system comprising, sequentially from the primary image plane side, a refractive lens group including an aperture; a bending mirror that rotates the optical axis for the optical system after said bending mirror by approximately 90 degrees; and an optical group including at least one reflective surface that has a negative power; wherein the construction is such that the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group enlarges once and then converges in terms of its radius on the enlargement side from the aperture of the refracting lens group, and wherein the following condition is met:0.35<Rmin/Rmax<0.85where, Rmax: the maximum value of the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group, the maximum value being obtained when the above circle enlarges in terms of its radius once on the enlargement side from the aperture; and Rmin: the minimum value of the radius of the circle that encompasses all the light rays involved in the image formation on the screen and that is parallel to the surfaces of each lens of the refracting lens group, the minimum value being obtained on the enlargement side from the surface at which the maximum value Rmax is obtained.

2. The tilt projection optical system according to claim 1, wherein the reflective surface that is located between said bending mirror and the second image plane and has a negative power does not have an axis possessing rotational symmetry.

3. The tilt projection optical system according to claim 1, wherein the lenses of said refracting lens group share the same axis.

4. The tilt projection optical system according to claim 1, wherein said refracting lens group includes on the second image plane side from the aperture a lens group that includes at least one positive lens, a lens having a concave surface on the enlargement side, and a negative lens that is located next to the above concave surface and has a concave surface on the reduction side, which are sequentially located from the primary image plane side.

5. The tilt projection optical system according to claim 1, wherein a surface that is not rotationally symmetrical is included in said refracting lens group.

6. The tilt projection optical system according to claim 1, wherein the following condition is met:

7. The tilt projection optical system according to claim 1, wherein, when the light ray that reaches the center of the screen of the second image plane from the center of the screen of the primary image plane via the center of the aperture is deemed the screen center light, the following condition is met: