Patent Application
20080049633
The present invention is illustrated by way of example and not limited in the accompanying figures in which like reference numerals indicate similar elements and in which:
In the following description of the various embodiments, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration various embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and functional modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Computer 100 may output data through a variety of components and devices. As mentioned above, one such output device may be display 120. Another output device may include an audio output device such as speaker 125. Each output device 120 and 125 may be associated with an output adapter such as display adapter 122 and audio adapter 127, which translates processor instructions into corresponding audio and video signals. In addition to output systems, computer 100 may receive and/or accept input from a variety of input devices such as keyboard 130, storage media drive 135 and/or microphone (not shown). As with output devices 120 and 125, each of the input devices 130 and 135 may be associated with an adapter 140 for converting the input into computer readable/recognizable data. In one example, voice input received through microphone (not shown) may be converted into a digital format and stored in a data file. In one or more instances, a device such as media drive 135 may act as both an input and output device allowing users to both write and read data to and from the storage media (e.g., DVD-R, CD-RW, etc.).
Computer 100 may further include one or more communication components for receiving and transmitting data over a network. Various types of networks include cellular networks, digital broadcast networks, Internet Protocol (IP) networks and the like. Computer 100 may include adapters suited to communicate through one or more of these networks. In particular, computer 100 may include network adapter 150 for communication with one or more other computer or computing devices over an IP network. In one example, adapter 150 may facilitate transmission of data such as electronic mail messages and/or financial data over a company or organization's network. In another example, adapter 150 may facilitate transmission or receipt of information from a world wide network such as the Internet. Adapter 150 may include one or more sets of instructions relating to one or more networking protocols. For example adapter 150 may include a first set of instructions for processing IP network packets as well as a second set of instruction associated with processing cellular network packets. In one or more arrangements, network adapter 150 may provide wireless network access for computer 100.
One of skill in the art will appreciate that computing devices such as computer 100 may include a variety of other components and is not limited to the devices and systems described in
In one or more arrangements, monitor node 205 may be a dedicated node for determining latency and/or other network statistics and might not be part of a path along which an incoming message is transmitted. Alternatively, monitor 205 may perform other functions and/or run other applications. Monitor node 205 may be a separate and/or different device or system than nodes 205, 206, 207 and 208 in the transmission path. Nodes 205, 206, 207 and 208 may be interconnected using wired or wireless network connections or both. For example, node 206 may be connected to node 207 via a wireless network connection while 207 may be connected to node 208 through a wired connection such as a Local Area Network (LAN) connection. The network connections between each of nodes 205, 206, 207 and 208 may be either bidirectional or unidirectional. That is, a node such as node 205, 206, 207 or 208 might only be capable of receiving data from or transmitting data to another node. Alternatively, a node may be able to transmit and receive data to and from a connected node. Such a scheme may be implemented by design to direct incoming messages along a particular network path. Incoming messages and/or data may also be directed along a specified transmission path to insure that appropriate processing is performed at each of the nodes in the path.
In one or more arrangements, computer network 200 may be implemented within an organization or company to field and process incoming data messages. In such arrangements, a node in network 200 such as node 206 may act as a gatekeeper node for information received from or transmitted to an external network 203 like the Internet. Accordingly, nodes 207 and 208 might not be able to transmit and/or receive messages from external networks without the messages first passing through node 206. As discussed, an incoming message may be restricted to a particular network path. The network path may, in one or more examples, begin at node 206, continue to node 207 and end at node 208. An end node, as used herein, generally relates to the last node in a transmission path whereas a head node generally refers to the first node in the transmission path. One of skill in the art will appreciate that a node may be both a head node and an end node depending on a direction of transmission. In one or more instances, end node 208 may be configured to route incoming messages to a destination address and/or user 210 specified in the incoming messages after the messages have been processed through an initial network transmission path such as the path defined by nodes 206, 207 and 208. Each of nodes 206, 207 and 208 in the transmission path may be assigned to perform one or more initial processing an incoming message that may include authentication of a message source, filtering message content and determining message recipient(s). During message processing, nodes 206, 207 and/or 208 may further communicate with central node 205 for various purposes including time stamping and data storage
To determine latency between two nodes such as devices 206 and 207 in a network, a delay in transmission of a particular message between the two nodes may be tracked by a third node or system such as monitor node 205. For example, each of the two nodes 206 and 207 may send a signal message to a monitor node such as node 205 upon receipt of the particular message. The signal message may, in one or more instances, include a request for a time stamp. Monitor node 205 may generate a time stamp in response to such signal messages and store the time stamp in a database of node 205. Based on the difference between the time stamp of the first node 206 and the time stamp of the second node 207, the delay or latency of transmitting the message between the first and second nodes 206 and 207 may be calculated. Using a third party node such as monitor node 205 to track and store time stamps and calculate latency reduces the processing load on nodes 206 and 207 and may enhance accuracy between the time stamps.
In some instances, delays may exist between monitor node 205 and each of the two network nodes 206 and 207 that may affect the accuracy of the generated time stamps. For example, node 206 may transmit a signal message indicating receipt of a particular message 200 ms prior to receipt by monitor node 205. Since monitor node 205 might only generate a time stamp upon receipt of the signal message, the time stamp may be 200 ms past the actual time of message receipt by node 206. As such, monitor node 205 may compensate for such delays by initially measuring the latency associated with each of the two network nodes 206 and 207 and modifying a generated time stamp accordingly. As an example, device 205 may measure latency between device 205 and device 206 by transmitting an echo request to device 206 and waiting for a response. Based on the round trip time associated with sending the echo request and receiving a response to the echo request, central node device 205 may determine the delay associated with a one-way transmission by dividing the round trip time in half. Central node device 205 may take multiple measurements (i.e., transmit multiple echo requests) and average the round trip times associated with the multiple measurements to obtain a more accurate estimation of the latency along the network path. Upon determining the latency associated with each of network nodes 206 and 207, monitor node 205 may adjust time stamps generated for each node 206 and 207 accordingly.
In response to the signal message from the head node, the monitor node may generate and store a time stamp according to an internal clock in step 410. In generating the time stamp, the monitor node may adjust the time stamp to compensate for any latency between the monitor node and the head node measured in step 400. Such a process may be performed to normalize potential delays or time differences caused by network connections between the head node, or any path node, and the monitor node. The time stamp may be stored using the sender ID, the message ID or both to facilitate the determination of latency. In one example, time stamps may be stored in association with the message ID so that the latency experienced by the message corresponding to the message ID may be determined. In step 415, the monitor node may receive a further signal message from a second path node. In response to the signal message from the second path node, the monitor node may generate and store a time stamp in step 420 in similar fashion to the process described in step 410. In step 425, the monitor node may further determine whether the second path node is the end node in the transmission path. In one or more arrangements, the monitor node may have a priori knowledge of the transmission path setup. That is, the monitor node may know the sequence and order of nodes, and the nodes' corresponding sender IDs, that are part of the transmission path. As such, based on the sender ID included in the signal message, the monitor node may determine whether the node sending the signal message is the end node. If the monitor node determines that the second path node is not the end node, the monitor node may wait for additional signal messages and process the signal messages in accordance with steps 415 and 420.
If, however, the second path node is the end node, the monitor node may extract the stored time stamps associated with the particular message ID to calculate a latency over the transmission path in step 430. In particular, a time difference may be determined between the time stamp associated with the end node and the time stamp associated with the head node. This determined time difference may represent the latency over the entire path based on the transmission times of the message corresponding to the message ID. Latency may also be calculated for segments of the transmission path using the stored time stamps associated with the nodes at the head and tail of the transmission path segment. The monitor node may also use the time stamps to calculate additional statistics and information about the transmission path and/or a particular node thereof.
In one or more configurations, latency may be determined between components of a single computer system or device. For example, a computer device such as computer 100 may process two different tasks associated with a particular data message. The latency involved in the processing of the first task and the second task may be determined in much the same way as the methods and systems described herein. In other words, the first task may be treated as a first node and the second task may be treated as a second node. Accordingly, once the first task receives the data message for processing, the task may issue a signal message to the monitor node. Similarly, once the second task receives the data message, the second task may also issue a signal message to the monitor node. Based on the time stamps generated in response to each of the signal messages, the latency between the task processes may be determined.
Yet further, latency measurements may be performed across task processes and nodes in a computer network. In other words, latency may be measured between the completion of a task associated with a data message at a first node and receipt of the same data message at a second node.
The systems and methods described herein may be used in a wide array of applications. For example, latency measurements may be conducted as part of a network diagnostic system and/or reliability testing. Specifically, latency may be measured to determine if one or more nodes in a network is producing unreasonable delays in message delivery. Similarly, the latency measurement techniques described herein may also be used to compensate for network delays in time sensitive applications. Stock brokerage firms, for example, may want to determine the precise time at which a stock purchaser submitted an order. In the financial industry, a few seconds delay may correspond to a substantial change in stock price. As such, determining the network latency in receiving and processing the order may allow a financial firm to analyze their network and application latency. This, in turn, can allow them to more quickly react to changing market conditions.
Further, latency measurements may be used in a variety of applications. For example, in an on-line gaming environment hosted by multiple servers, a server may be automatically selected based on a measured latency between a user and each of the multiple servers. Latency measurements may further be used to detect portions of a network that are creating significant delays in an overall network.
The present invention has been described in terms of preferred and exemplary embodiments thereof. Numerous other embodiments, modifications and variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims will occur to persons of ordinary skill in the art from a review of this disclosure.
