Patent Application
20220266634
The present invention relates to a tyre for a motor vehicle of which the tread comprises a plurality of oblique grooves exhibiting a high slenderness ratio. The invention is more particularly suited to a tyre intended to be fitted to a passenger vehicle or van.
In known manner, a tyre intended to be fitted to a motor vehicle has a tread. This tread comprises a tread surface and two edges delimiting said tread surface. The tread surface corresponds to all of the points of the tread that come into contact with the ground when the tyre, inflated to its reference pressure and compressed by a reference load, is running on this road surface. The reference inflation pressure and the reference load are defined in the use conditions of the tyre, which conditions are specified in particular by the E.T.R.T.O. standard. The tread surface of the tread comprises voids formed by various grooves, such as oblique grooves. The oblique grooves form channels intended to remove water towards the edges of the tread. Document GB2240522 discloses a directional tread comprising a plurality of oblique grooves. The tread comprises a central axis X and two edges which flank said tread and which determ ine a tread width, denoted A in
Furthermore, there is an increasing demand for so-called “four-season” tyres which offer an excellent com prom ise between grip on snowy ground/wet ground while still maintaining good performance on dry ground. These four-season tyres are intended to run safely all the year round, whatever the weather. These tyres have generally received the 3PMSF (3 Peak Mountain Snow Flake) winter certification. This certification is notably indicated on one or both of the sidewalls of said tyres.
There is therefore a need to obtain a four-season tyre that offers grip performance on dry ground and on wet ground that is similar to that of a summer tyre, while at the same time ensuring a very high level of safety on snowy ground and improved wear resistance.
The present invention aims to remedy this drawback.
More specifically, the present invention seeks to improve the com prom ise between grip on snowy ground/wet ground for a four-season tyre while at the same time improving the wearing performance of such a tyre.
The invention relates to a tyre comprising a directional tread.
A “tyre” means all types of tyre casing made of a rubbery material and which, during running is subjected to an internal pressure or not subjected to such an internal pressure during running (which is the case of an airless tyre, for example of the TweelTM type).
The “tread” of a tyre means a quantity of rubbery material delimited by a tread surface. The tread surface groups together all the points of the tyre that will come into contact with the ground under normal running conditions. For a tyre, the “normal running conditions” are the use conditions defined by the ETRTO (European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation) standard. These use conditions specify the reference inflation pressure corresponding to the load-bearing capacity of the tyre as indicated by its load index and its speed rating. These use conditions can also be referred to as “nominal conditions” or “working conditions”.
A “directional tread” means a tread in which the tread pattern elements are specifically arranged to optimize the behavioural characteristics depending on a predeterm fined sense of rotation. This sense of rotation is conventionally indicated by an arrow on the sidewall of the tyre.
The tread of the invention comprises a central axis and tow edges flanking said central axis and determining a tread width W, the tread width being greater than or equal to 140 mm. This tread width is determined from an impression produced dynamically. In order to obtain such an impression, black ink is spread over part of the tread of the tyre and this inked part is run over a sheet of paper at a certain speed of travel. The conditions under which such an impression is produced are that it is produced at the nominal pressure, for a load corresponding to 0.76 times the nominal load and at a speed of travel of 100 mm/s. For example, for a tyre of size 205/55R16 91V, the conditions under which the impression is produced are a pressure of 2.5 bar and a load of 480 daN. All of the measurements for determining the slenderness ratio E, the sipes density SD, the mean sipes density SDmean, are then taken from an impression of the tread, running on a support under the load, pressure and speed-of-travel conditions as described above.
The tread comprises a plurality of patterns which succeed one another in the circumferential direction, each pattern having a pitch P.
A “pattern” means a collection of blocks which is repeated in the circumferential direction. This repeat may be an “iso-dimensional” repeat. The tread is then said to be monopitch. As an alternative, this repeat may be a repeat with different dimensions, notably different pitch values. The tread is then said to be multipitch. Advantageously, the number of different pitch values for a multi-pitch tread is comprised between 3 and 5 pitches. As a preference, the set of blocks of the pattern extends across the entire tread width W. Each set of blocks comprises at least one block. A “block” means a raised element delimited by grooves and comprising lateral walls and a contact face, the latter being intended to come into contact with the ground during running.
A “circumferential direction” means a direction tangential to any circle centred on the axis of rotation. This direction is perpendicular both to an axial direction and to a radial direction.
An “axial direction” means a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the tyre.
A “radial direction” means a direction which is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tyre (this direction corresponds to the direction of the thickness of the tread at the centre of said tread).
A “groove” means a cut for which the distance between the walls of material is greater than 2 mm.
An “oblique groove” means a groove of which the main orientation makes an acute angle comprised between 20° and 70° with the axial direction.
A “circumferential groove” means a groove of which the main orientation is in the circumferential direction.
A “tread main groove” means a circumferential groove which extends over the entire circumference of the tyre.
A “sipe” means a cut of which the distance between the walls of material is less than or equal to 2 mm. It is also determined that the depth of a sipe in the tread is greater than or equal to 1 mm. As a result, aesthetic cuts in the tread, of the “V-groove” type, the depth of which is less than 1 mm, are not considered to be sipes.
The patterns delimit a plurality of oblique grooves, each oblique groove extending from one of the edges of the tread in the direction of the central axis but without reaching said central axis. In this way, it is ensured that the centre of the tread is reinforced by material, for example by a rib of material which extends circumferentially. The grip of the tread on dry ground is thus improved.
In a central part of the tread centred on the central axis and of a width corresponding to 80% of the width W of said tread, all or some of the oblique grooves of the plurality of oblique groove has a slenderness ratio comprised between 0.85 and 1.5 and preferably between 0.87 and 1.1. With such a value for the slenderness ratio in the central part of the tread, it is possible to ensure better removal of water from the tread, and the risks of aquaplaning are consequently lim ited.
A “slenderness ratio” E means the ratio between a projected length Lpx of the oblique groove in the circumferential direction and half the width W of the central part of the tread, such that
All or some of the patterns comprise at least one sipe. A sipes density SD in the pattern is comprised between 10 mm−1 and 70 mm−1.
A “sipes density SD” means the ratio between the sum of the projected length(s) of the sipe(s) in an axial direction to the product of the pitch P of the pattern and of the width W of the tread, such that
where n is the number of sipes in the pattern and lpyi is the projected length of the nth sipe.
The characteristics of the tread which have thus been listed make it possible to obtain a tyre of the four-season type offering an excellent compromise between grip on snowy ground/wet ground/dry ground while at the same time improving the wearing performance of this tyre.
In one preferred embodiment, the tread comprises different pattern types Mj, where j is greater than or equal to 2, the patterns belonging to the one same pattern type having the one same pitch, the pitch between patterns belonging to two different pattern types being different. The mean sipes density SDmean is comprised between 10 mm−1 and 70 mm−1, said mean sipes density SDmean corresponding to the mean of the sipes densities SDj of the patterns of the different pattern types Mj over the entire circumference of the tread, said mean sipes density SDmean being weighted according to the number of patterns Nj per pattern type Mj and according to the pitch Pj of the patterns belonging to that pattern type Mj over said circumference of the tread, such that
where m is the number of different pattern types, SDj is the sipes density in a pattern belonging to the pattern type Mj, Pj is the pitch of the patterns belonging to the pattern type Mj, and Nj is the number of patterns belonging to the pattern type Mj.
In one preferred embodiment, the sipes density SD or the mean sipes density SDmean is greater than 25 mm−1 and/or less than 50 mm−1.
As a preference, the sipes density SD or the mean sipes density SDmean is comprised between 30 mm−1 and 40 mm−1.
Advantageously, each pattern comprises a set of blocks comprising at least one block. The block has a maximum radial height Hmax when new that is comprised between 5.5 mm and 9 mm and preferably between 6 mm and 7.5 mm. Reducing the radial height of the block provides an overall improvement to the rolling resistance of the tyre and the roadholding on dry ground. The high slenderness ratio of the tread makes it possible to compensate, at least in part, for a lower radial height of block as far as water removal performance is concerned.
Advantageously, the blocks are made of a rubbery material.
“A rubbery material” means a polymer material of the elastomer compound type, namely a polymer material obtained by combining at least one elastomer, at least one reinforcing filler and a cross-linking system.
One usual physical characteristic of an elastomer compound is its glass transition temperature Tg, the temperature at which the elastomer compound passes from a deformable rubbery state to a rigid viscous state. The glass transition temperature Tg of an elastomer compound is generally determined by measuring the dynamic properties of the elastomer compound on a viscosity analyser (Matravib VA4000) in accordance with standard ASTM D 5992-96. The dynamic properties are measured on a sample of vulcanized elastomer compound, namely compound that has been cured to a conversion rate of at least 90%, the sample having the form of a cylindrical test specimen with a thickness of 2 mm and a cross section of 78.5 mm2. The response of the sample of elastomer compound to simple alternating sinusoidal shear stress with a peak-to-peak amplitude of 0.7 MPa at a frequency equal to 10 Hz is recorded. A temperature sweep is performed at a constant rate of temperature increase of +1.5° C./min. The results exploited are generally the complex dynamic shear modulus G* made up of an elastic part G′ and of a viscous part G″, and the dynamic loss tgδ, which is equal to the ratio G″/G′. The glass transition temperature Tg is the temperature at which the dynamic loss tgδ reaches a maximum during the temperature sweep. The G* value measured at 60° C. is indicative of the stiffness of the rubbery material, namely of its resistance to elastic deformation.
Advantageously, the composition of the rubbery material of the block(s) of the pattern has a glass transition temperature Tg comprised between −40° C. and −10° C. and preferably between −35° C. and −15° C. Furthermore, the composition of the rubbery material has a dynamic shear modulus measured at 60° C. comprised between 0.5 MPa and 2 MPa, and preferably between 0.7 MPa and 1.5 MPa.
As far as the chemical composition is concerned, the elastomer compound of the block or blocks contains 100 phr (parts per hundred rubber, by weight) of a modified diene elastomer. A diene elastomer is, by definition, a homopolymer or a copolymer resulting at least in part from diene monomers, i.e. from monomers bearing two carbon-carbon double bonds which may or may not be conjugated. As a preference, the elastomer compound contains the modified diene elastomer at a content at least equal to 20 phr.
The modified diene elastomer contains at least one functional group comprising a silicon atom, the latter being situated within the main chain, including the ends of the chain. An “atom situated within the main chain of the elastomer, including the ends of the chain” here means an atom that is not an atom hanging down from (or a lateral atom in) the main chain of the elastomer but is an atom that is integrated into the main chain. Thus, the composition of the block preferably comprises an elastomer compound, said elastomer compound containing a modified diene elastomer containing at least one functional group comprising a silicon atom, the latter being situated within the main chain of the elastomer, including the ends of the chain.
The modified diene elastomer containing a functional group comprising a silicon atom may be a modified elastomer containing at least one silanol functional group situated at one end of the main chain of the elastomer. Corresponding modified diene elastomers are notably described in documents EP 0 778 311 A1, WO 2011/042507 A1.
Alternatively, and as a preference, the functional group is situated in the main elastomer chain and the diene elastomer can then be said to be coupled or else functionalized in the middle of the chain. The silicon atom of the functional group therefore bonds the two branches of the main chain of the diene elastomer. The silicon atom of the functional group may be substituted by at least one alkoxy functional group which may potentially have been fully or partially hydrolysed to hydroxyl.
Particularly advantageously, the modified diene elastomer is predominantly functionalized in the middle of the chain by an alkoxysilane group bonded to the two branches of the modified diene elastomer via the silicon atom.
The silicon atom of the functional group may be substituted by at least one alkoxy functional group which may potentially have been fully or partially hydrolysed to hydroxyl, the silicon atom may also be substituted, directly or via a divalent hydrocarbon radical, by at least one other functional group containing at least one heteroatom selected from N, S, O, P. As a preference, the silicon atom is substituted by at least one other functional group via a divalent hydrocarbon radical, more preferably a C1-C18 linear aliphatic one. Included amongst these other functional groups mention may, by way of example, be made of primary, secondary or tertiary amines, cyclic or non-cyclic, isocyanates, imines, cyanos, thiols, carboxylates, epoxides, and primary, secondary or tertiary phosphines. The other functional group is preferably a tertiary amine, more preferentially a diethylamino- or dimethylamino- group. The alkoxy functional group is preferably a methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy or propoxy functional group. Modified diene elastomers corresponding to these variants are notably described in documents WO 2009/133068 A1, WO 2015/018743 A1.
The modification of the diene elastomer by at least one functional group containing a silicon atom does not exclude another modification of the elastomer for example at the end of the chain by an amine functional group introduced at the time of initiation of polymerization, as described in WO 2015/018774 A1, WO 2015/018772 A1.
In particular, the modified diene elastomer containing a functional group comprising a silicon atom is advantageously a modified elastomer containing, within its structure, at least one alkoxysilane group bonded to the elastomer via the silicon atom, and at least one functional group comprising a nitrogen atom.
In that case, the modified diene elastomer advantageously exhibits at least two, and preferably all, of the following characteristics:
Such modified diene elastomers may be obtained using the method described in patent application EP 2 285 852, followed by hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane functional group to give a silanol functional group. The hydrolysis reaction for hydrolysing the alkoxysilane functional group to give a silanol functional group may, for example, be performed in accordance with the procedure described in patent application EP 2 266 819 A1.
As a preference, the modified diene elastomer according to the invention is a 1,3-butadiene polymer, more preferably a styrene/butadiene copolymer (SBR).
Advantageously, the modified diene elastomer has a glass transition temperature comprised within a range extending from −105° C. to −70° C., preferably from −100° C. to −75° C., more preferably from −95° C. to −80° C.
The modified diene elastomer according to the invention may, according to different variants, be used alone in the elastomeric compound or as a blend with at least one other diene elastomer conventionally used in tyres, whether it is star-branched, coupled, functionalized, for example with tin or with silicon, or not.
Likewise from the viewpoint of its chemical composition, the elastomer compound of the tread according to the invention comprises a plasticizing resin of the thermoplastic resin type at a content at least equal to 10 phr, preferably from 10 to 100 phr, preferably from 20 to 50 phr.
In one embodiment variant of the invention, the tyre has a 3PMSF winter certification, said certification being indicated on a sidewall of the tyre.
The present invention will be understood better upon reading the detailed description of embodiments that are given by way of entirely non-limiting examples and are illustrated by the appended drawings, in which:
The invention is not limited to the embodiments and variants presented and other embodiments and variants will become clearly apparent to a person skilled in the art.
In the various figures, elements that are identical or similar bear the same reference. Thus, the references used to identify elements on the tread are used together in order to identify these same elements on the impression made of said tread.
On the tread, each pattern 13 comprises a set of blocks here comprising a first block 171, a second block 172, a third block 173, a fourth block 174 and a fifth block 175. The first block 171 extends from the first edge 14A of the tread 10, as far as a first oblique cut 231. The second block 172 extends from the first oblique cut 231, as far as a second oblique cut 232. The third block 173 extends on either side of the central axis 12 between the second cut 232 and a third cut 233. The fourth block 174 extends from the third cut 233, as far as a fourth cut 234. The fifth block 175 extends from the fourth cut 234, as far as the second edge 14B. The first block 171 and the fifth block 175 extend beyond the limits 14A and 14B of the tread 10. The regions of the first block 171 and fifth block 175 which are outside the tread are not intended to come into contact with the ground under normal running conditions.
The first block 171, the second block 172, the third block 173, the fourth block 174 and the fifth block 175 are delimited, at least in part, by oblique grooves 16A, 16B. In the tread of
Each sipe 181, 182, 185, 186 divides the associated block 171, 172, 174, 175 into two parts of roughly identical width. In the third block 173, the length of the sipes 183 and 184 is limited. The third sipe 183 and the fourth sipe 184 thus do not extend as far as the central axis 12.
This impression has been made dynamically under conditions as described hereinabove. The recessed “voids” elements such as the oblique grooves 16A, 16B, and the sipes 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186 are represented in white. The blocks 171, 172, 173, 174, 175 are illustrated in black. From this impression, it is possible to determine a slenderness ratio E of the oblique grooves (
It is possible to determ ine a slenderness ratio E for the oblique groove 16A in the central part of the tread, namely to determine the level of its inclination in this central part. As has already been specified, the central part is delimited in part by the third edge 15A. The slenderness ratio E is determined from a projected length Lpx of the oblique groove 16A in the circumferential direction X and half the width of the central part of the tread, 0.8*W/2, such that
More particularly, the projected length Lpx is measured between a first point A and a second point B. The point A is determined at the intersection between a midline 19 of the oblique groove 16A and the third edge 15A. The midline 19 of the oblique groove 16A divides said oblique groove 16A into two oblique half-grooves of the same width. The point B is determined at the intersection between the midline 19 of the oblique groove 16A and the end of the oblique groove 16A. The slenderness ratio E is here comprised between 0.85 and 1.5 and preferably between 0.87 and 1.1.
Each pattern 13 has a pitch P. This pitch P is determined as being the distance between the centres of two adjacent oblique grooves flanking the blocks 171, 172, 173, 174, 175. It will be noted that, in the example of the embodiment of
In the embodiment of
The patterns of pitch P1, P2, P3 are arranged randomly on the tread so as to limit the emergence of tyre noise during running. Thus, for a tyre of size 205/55 R 16, patterns of pitch P1, P2 and P3 may be arranged relative to one another as follows: P1 P1 P2 P1 P2 P2 P2 P2 P1 P1 P2 P1 P1 P1 P2 P2 P3 P2 P2 P3 P2 P1 P2 P2 P1 P1 P1 P1 P2 P1 P2 P1 P1 P1 P1 P2 P1 P1 P2 P2 P3 P3 P3 P2 P2 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P2 P2 P1 P2 P2 P3 P2 P1 P2 P2 P1 P2 P3 P2 P2 P1 P2 P2 P2 P1 P1 P1 P2 P3 P2 P1. Such an arrangement would then comprise 21 patterns of pitch P1, 35 patterns of pitch P2 and 13 patterns of pitch P3. As has already been specified, a pitch P is determined as being the distance between the centres of two adjacent oblique grooves flanking a block. In order to determine, with precision, the values for the pitches P1, P2 and P3, these are measured in groups of patterns belonging to the same pattern type, for example in P1 P1 P1, P2 P2 P2 and P3 P3 P3 pattern groups.
In one preferred embodiment, the mean sipes density SDmean is comprised between 10 mm−1 and 70 mm−1.
In one preferred embodiment, the mean sipes density SDmean is greater than 25 mm−1 and/or less than 50 mm−1.
In another preferred embodiment, the mean sipes density SDmean is comprised between 30 mm−1 and 40 mm−1.
It will be noted that the third blocks 173 of the different patterns are bonded to one another. All of these third blocks thus form a rib of material which extends all the way along the circumference of the tyre.
In one preferred embodiment, the contact area ratio CSR is less than or equal to 0.15.
For all the embodiments illustrated in
In one preferred embodiment, the composition of the rubbery material of the blocks is based on at least:
The solution SBR in this preferred embodiment is a copolymer of butadiene and styrene, prepared in solution. The characteristic feature thereof is that it bears a silanol functional group and an amine functional group. The silanol functional group of the solution SBR bearing a silanol functional group and an amine functional group may for example be prepared by hydrosilylation of the elastomer chain by a silane bearing an alkoxysilane group, followed by hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane functional group to give a silanol functional group. The silanol functional group of the solution SBR bearing a silanol functional group and an amine functional group may equally be introduced by reaction of the living elastomer chains with a cyclic polysiloxane compound as described in EP 0 778 311. The amine functional group of the solution SBR bearing a silanol functional group and an am ine functional group may for example be introduced by initiating polymerization using an initiator bearing such a functional group. A solution SBR bearing a silanol functional group and an amine functional group may equally be prepared by reacting the living elastomer chains with a compound bearing an alkoxysilane functional group and an amine functional group according to the procedure described in patent application EP 2 285 852, followed by hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane functional group to give a silanol functional group. According to this preparation procedure, the silanol functional group and the amine functional group are preferably situated within the chain of the solution SBR, not including the ends of the chain. The reaction producing the hydrolysis of the alkoxysilane functional group borne by the solution SBR to give a silanol functional group may be carried out according to the procedure described in patent application EP 2 266 819 A1 or else by a step of stripping the solution containing the solution SBR. The amine functional group can be a primary, secondary or tertiary amine functional group, preferably a tertiary functional group.
It will also be noted that the blocks have a relatively low maximum radial height Hmax when new. This radial height is comprised between 5.5 mm and 9 mm, and preferably between 6 mm and 7.5 mm. This relatively low radial height could compromise grip on wet ground. Thus, by virtue of the invention, the radial height is compensated for by the high slenderness ratio of the tread and by the characteristics of the material used containing the solution SBR. That allows the tyre to maintain good grip on wet ground over time.
The invention is not limited to the embodiments and variants presented and other embodiments and variants will become clearly apparent to a person skilled in the art.
Thus,
where n is the number of sipes in the pattern and lpy1 is the projected length of the nth sipe. The sipes density is comprised between 10 mm−1 and 70 mm−1. Preferably, the sipes density SD is greater than 25 mm−1 and/or less than 50 mm−1. Preferably, the sipes density SD is comprised between 30 mm−1 and 40 mm−1.
where m is the number of tread main grooves in the tread and Wsj is the width of the jth tread main groove. The CSR for a tread comprising at least two tread main grooves is less than or equal to 0.15.
Thus, as illustrated in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1908518 | Jul 2019 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2020/051373 | 7/27/2020 | WO |
