Patent Application
20120309865
The present invention relates to tire treads and to rubber compositions based on a diene elastomer and on a thermoplastic elastomer which can be used in the manufacture of such tire treads.
In a known way, a tire has to meet a large number of often conflicting technical requirements, including a high wear resistance, a low rolling resistance and a high wet grip.
This compromise in properties, in particular from the viewpoint of the rolling resistance and the grip, was able to be improved in recent years with regard to energy-saving Green Tires, intended in particular for passenger vehicles, by virtue in particular of the use of novel weakly hysteretic rubber compositions having a characteristic of being reinforced predominantly with specific inorganic fillers, described as reinforcing, in particular of highly dispersible silicas, referred to as “HDS” (Highly Dispersible Silica), capable of rivalling, from the viewpoint of the reinforcing power, conventional tire-grade carbon blacks.
The decrease in the rolling resistance of tire treads, without damaging the other properties, in particular those of wet grip, remains, however, a constant preoccupation of designers of tires.
During their research studies, the Applicant Companies have discovered a rubber composition, based on a diene elastomer, on a specific TPS elastomer and on a reinforcing filler, which makes it possible to obtain tire treads exhibiting a reduced rolling resistance, while retaining a good level of wet grip.
Thus, the invention relates to a tire, the tread of which comprises a rubber composition comprising at least one diene elastomer, one reinforcing filler and more than 10 phr of a hydrogenated stirene thermoplastic elastomer.
The tires of the invention are intended in particular to equip passenger motor vehicles, SUV (Sports Utility Vehicle) vehicles, two-wheel vehicles (in particular motorcycles), aircraft, as well as industrial vehicles chosen from vans, heavy-duty vehicles—that is to say, underground, bus, heavy road transport vehicles (lorries, tractors, trailers) or off-road vehicles, such as agricultural vehicles or earth-moving equipment—or other transportation or handling vehicles.
The invention and its advantages will be easily understood in the light of the description and implementation examples which follow.
The rubber compositions used in the tires according to the invention are characterized, before and after curing, as indicated below.
I-1. Mooney Plasticity:
Use is made of an oscillating consistometer as described in French Standard NF T 43-005 (1991). The Mooney plasticity measurement is carried out according to the following principle: the composition in the raw state (i.e., before curing) is moulded in a cylindrical chamber heated to 100° C. After preheating for one minute, the rotor rotates within the test specimen at 2 revolutions/minute and the working torque for maintaining this movement is measured after rotating for 4 minutes. The Mooney plasticity (ML 1+4) is expressed in “Mooney unit” (MU, with 1 MU=0.83 newton·metre).
I-2. Tensile Tests
These tensile tests make it possible to determine the elasticity stresses and the properties at break. Unless otherwise indicated, they are carried out in accordance with French Standard NF T 46-002 of September 1988. The nominal secant moduli (or apparent stresses, in MPa) are measured in second elongation (i.e., after a cycle of accommodation to the degree of extension expected for the measurement itself) at 10% elongation (denoted MA10) and at 100% elongation (denoted MA100). All these tensile measurements are carried out under the standard conditions of temperature (23+2° C.) and hygrometry (50±5% relative humidity), according to French Standard NF T 40-101 (December 1979).
I-3. Shore A Hardness
The Shore A hardness of the compositions after curing is assessed in accordance with Standard ASTM D 2240-86.
I-4. Dynamic Properties
The dynamic properties are measured on a viscosity analyser (Metravib VA4000) according to Standard ASTM D 5992-96. The response of a sample of vulcanized composition (cylindrical test specimen with a thickness of 4 mm and with a cross section of 400 mm2), subjected to a simple alternating sinusoidal shear stress, at a frequency of 10 Hz, during a temperature sweep, under a stationary stress of 0.7 MPa, is recorded; the tan(δ) value observed at 0° C. (i.e., tan(δ)0° C.) and the tan(δ) value observed at 40° C. (i.e., tan(δ)40° C.) are recorded.
It should be remembered that, in a way well known to a person skilled in the art, the tan(δ)0° C. value is representative of the wet grip potential: the higher tan(δ)0° C., the better the grip. The tan(δ)40° C. value is representative of the hysteresis of the material and thus of the rolling resistance: the lower tan(δ)40° C., the lower the rolling resistance.
The tread of the tire according to the invention comprises a rubber composition comprising at least one diene elastomer, one reinforcing filler and more than 10 phr of a hydrogenated stirene thermoplastic (“TPS”) elastomer.
“phr” means parts by weight per hundred parts of total elastomer, thus including the hydrogenated TPS elastomer.
In the present description, unless expressly indicated otherwise, all the percentages (%) shown are % by weight. Moreover, any interval of values denoted by the expression “between a and b” represents the range of values extending from greater than a to less than b (i.e., limits a and b excluded), whereas any interval of values denoted by the expression “from a to b” means the range of values extending from a up to b (i.e., including the strict limits a and b).
II.1—Diene Elastomer
The tread of the tire according to the invention comprises a rubber composition which has the essential first characteristic of comprising at least one diene elastomer.
It should be remembered here that elastomer (or “rubber”, the two terms being regarded as synonyms) of the “diene” type should be understood as meaning, in a known way, an (one or more are understood) elastomer resulting at least in part (i.e., a homopolymer or a copolymer) from diene monomers (monomers carrying two carbon-carbon double bonds, which may or may not be conjugated).
The diene elastomers can be classified into two categories: “essentially unsaturated” or “essentially saturated”. The term “essentially unsaturated” is understood to mean generally a diene elastomer resulting at least in part from conjugated diene monomers having a level of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 15% (molar %); thus it is that diene elastomers such as butyl rubbers or copolymers of dienes and of α-olefins of EPDM type do not come within the preceding definition and can in particular be described as “essentially saturated” diene elastomers (low or very low level of units of diene origin, always less than 15%). In the category of “essentially unsaturated” diene elastomers, the term “highly unsaturated” diene elastomer is understood to mean in particular a diene elastomer having a level of units of diene origin (conjugated dienes) which is greater than 50%.
Given these definitions, the term diene elastomer capable of being used in the compositions in accordance with the invention is understood more particularly to mean:
Although it applies to any type of diene elastomer, a person skilled in the art of tires will understand that the present invention is preferably employed with essentially unsaturated diene elastomers, in particular of the type (a) or (b) above.
The following are suitable in particular as conjugated dienes: 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-di(C1-C5 alkyl)-1,3-butadienes, such as, for example, 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2,3-diethyl-1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-3-ethyl-1,3-butadiene or 2-methyl-3-isopropyl-1,3-butadiene, aryl-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene or 2,4-hexadiene. The following, for example, are suitable as vinylaromatic compounds: stirene, ortho-, meta- or para-methylstirene, the “vinyltoluene” commercial mixture, para-(tert-butyl)stirene, methoxystirenes, chlorostirenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene or vinylnaphthalene.
The copolymers can comprise between 99% and 20% by weight of diene units and between 1% and 80% by weight of vinylaromatic units. The elastomers can have any microstructure which depends on the polymerization conditions used, in particular on the presence or absence of a modifying and/or randomizing agent and on the amounts of modifying and/or randomizing agent employed. The elastomers can, for example, be block, random, sequential or microsequential elastomers and can be prepared in dispersion or in solution; they can be coupled and/or star-branched or also functionalized with a coupling and/or star-branching or functionalization agent. For coupling with carbon black, mention may be made, for example, of functional groups comprising a C—Sn bond or of aminated functional groups, such as aminobenzophenone, for example; for coupling with a reinforcing inorganic filler, such as silica, mention may be made, for example, of silanol functional groups or polysiloxane functional groups having a silanol end (such as described, for example, in FR 2 740 778, U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,718 and WO 2008/141702), of alkoxysilane groups (such as described, for example, in FR 2 765 882 or U.S. Pat. No. 5,977,238), of carboxyl groups (such as described, for example, in WO 01/92402 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,815,473, WO 2004/096865 or US 2006/0089445) or of polyether groups (such as described, for example, in EP 1 127 909, U.S. Pat. No. 6,503,973, WO 2009/000750 and WO 2009/000752). Mention may also be made, as other examples of functionalized elastomers, of elastomers (such as SBR, BR, NR or IR) of the epoxidized type.
The following are suitable: polybutadienes, in particular those having a content (molar %) of 1,2-units of between 4% and 80% or those having a content (molar %) of cis-1,4-units of greater than 80%, polyisoprenes, butadiene/stirene copolymers and in particular those having a Tg (glass transition temperature, measured according to ASTM D3418) of between 0° C. and −70° C. and more particularly between −10° C. and −60° C., a stirene content of between 5% and 60% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 50%, a content (molar %) of 1,2-bonds of the butadiene part of between 4% and 75% and a content (molar %) of trans-1,4-bonds of between 10% and 80%, butadiene/isoprene copolymers, in particular those having an isoprene content of between 5% and 90% by weight and a Tg of −40° C. to −80° C., or isoprene/stirene copolymers, in particular those having a stirene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and a Tg of between −5° C. and −50° C. In the case of butadiene/stirene/isoprene copolymers, those having a stirene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly of between 10% and 40%, an isoprene content of between 15% and 60% by weight and more particularly between 20% and 50%, a butadiene content of between 5% and 50% by weight and more particularly of between 20% and 40%, a content (molar %) of 1,2-units of the butadiene part of between 4% and 85%, a content (molar %) of trans-1,4-units of the butadiene part of between 6% and 80%, a content (molar %) of 1,2- plus 3,4-units of the isoprene part of between 5% and 70% and a content (molar %) of trans-1,4-units of the isoprene part of between 10% and 50%, and more generally any butadiene/stirene/isoprene copolymer having a Tg of between −5° C. and −70° C., are suitable in particular.
To sum up, the diene elastomer of the composition according to the invention is preferably chosen from the group of the highly unsaturated diene elastomers consisting of polybutadienes (abbreviated to “BR”), synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), natural rubber (NR), butadiene copolymers, isoprene copolymers and the mixtures of these elastomers. Such copolymers are more preferably chosen from the group consisting of butadiene/stirene copolymers (SBR), isoprene/butadiene copolymers (BIR), isoprene/stirene copolymers (SIR) and isoprene/butadiene/stirene copolymers (SBIR).
According to a specific embodiment, the diene elastomer is predominantly (i.e., for more than 50 phr) an SBR alone, whether an SBR prepared in emulsion (“ESBR”) or an SBR prepared in solution (“SSBR”).
According to another specific embodiment, the diene elastomer is an SBR/BR blend (mixture).
According to other possible embodiments, the diene elastomer is an SBR/NR (or SBR/IR), BR/NR (or BR/IR) or SBR/BR/NR (or SBR/BR/IR) blend.
In the case of an SBR (ESBR or SSBR) elastomer, use is made in particular of an SBR having a moderate stirene content, for example of between 20% and 35% by weight, or a high stirene content, for example from 35% to 45%, a content of vinyl bonds of the butadiene part of between 15% and 70%, a content (molar %) of trans-1,4-bonds of between 15% and 75% and a Tg of between −10° C. and −55° C.; such an SBR can advantageously be used as a mixture with a BR preferably having more than 90% (molar %) of cis-1,4-bonds.
According to another specific embodiment, the diene elastomer is an isoprene elastomer. The term “isoprene elastomer” is understood to mean, in a known way, an isoprene homopolymer or copolymer, in other words a diene elastomer chosen from the group consisting of natural rubber (NR), which may be plasticized or peptized, synthetic polyisoprenes (IR), the various copolymers of isoprene and the mixtures of these elastomers. Mention will in particular be made, among isoprene copolymers, of isobutene/isoprene copolymers (butyl rubber—IIR), isoprene/stirene copolymers (SIR), isoprene/butadiene copolymers (BIR) or isoprene/butadiene/stirene copolymers (SBIR). This isoprene elastomer is preferably natural rubber or a synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene; use is preferably made, among these synthetic polyisoprenes, of the polyisoprenes having a level (molar %) of cis-1,4-bonds of greater than 90%, more preferably still of greater than 98%.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the rubber composition comprises a blend of a (one or more) “high Tg” diene elastomer exhibiting a Tg of between −70° C. and 0° C. and of a (one or more) “low Tg” diene elastomer exhibiting a Tg of between −110° C. and −80° C., more preferably between −105° C. and −90° C. The high Tg elastomer is preferably chosen from the group consisting of S-SBRs, E-SBRs, natural rubber, synthetic polyisoprenes (exhibiting a level (molar %) of cis-1,4-structures preferably of greater than 95%), BIRs, SIRs, SBIRs and the mixtures of these elastomers. The low Tg elastomer preferably comprises butadiene units according to a level (molar %) at least equal to 70%; it preferably consists of a polybutadiene (BR) exhibiting a level (molar %) of cis-1,4-structures of greater than 90%.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the rubber composition comprises, for example, between 30 and 90 phr, in particular between 40 and 90 phr, of a high Tg elastomer as a blend with a low Tg elastomer.
According to another specific embodiment of the invention, the diene elastomer of the composition according to the invention comprises a blend of a BR (as low Tg elastomer) exhibiting a level (molar %) of cis-1,4-structures of greater than 90% with one or more S-SBRs or E-SBRs (as high Tg elastomer(s)).
The compositions according to the invention can comprise a single diene elastomer or a mixture of several diene elastomers.
II.2—Hydrogenated TPS Elastomer
The tread of the tire according to the invention comprises a rubber composition which has the other essential characteristic of comprising more than 10 phr of a hydrogenated stirene thermoplastic elastomer.
It should be remembered first of all that stirene thermoplastic elastomers (also called “TPS” elastomers) are thermoplastic elastomers existing in the form of stirene-based block copolymers. Of intermediate structure between thermoplastic polymers and elastomers, they are composed, in a known way, of rigid polystirene sequences connected by flexible elastomer sequences, for example polybutadiene, polyisoprene or poly(ethylene/butylene). They are often triblock elastomers with two rigid segments connected by a flexible segment. The rigid and flexible segments can be positioned linearly, in star fashion or in branched fashion. These TPS elastomers can also be diblock elastomers with just one rigid segment connected to a flexible segment. Typically, each of these segments or blocks comprises a minimum of more than 5, generally more than 10, base units (for example, stirene units and isoprene units for a stirene/isoprene/stirene block copolymer).
It should also be remembered that unsaturated TPS copolymer should be understood as meaning a TPS copolymer which is provided with ethylenic unsaturations, that is to say comprises carbon-carbon double bonds (conjugated or nonconjugated). Saturated TPS copolymer is understood to mean a TPS copolymer which does not comprise any ethylenic unsaturation (i.e., any carbon-carbon double bond).
In a known way and by definition in the present patent application, a “hydrogenated” TPS elastomer is an elastomer which is partially or completely hydrogenated, that is to say obtained by partial or complete hydrogenation of an unsaturated TPS elastomer.
According to a preferred embodiment, the hydrogenated TPS elastomer results from an unsaturated TPS copolymer comprising stirene blocks and diene blocks, these diene blocks being in particular isoprene or butadiene blocks.
According to another preferred embodiment, the above TPS copolymer is chosen from the group consisting of stirene/butadiene (SB), stirene/isoprene (SI), stirene/butadiene/butylene (SBB), stirene/butadiene/isoprene (SBI), stirene/butadiene/stirene (SBS), stirene/butadiene/butylene/stirene (SBBS), stirene/isoprene/stirene (SIS) and stirene/butadiene/isoprene/stirene (SBIS) block copolymers and the mixtures of these copolymers.
According to a more preferred embodiment, the hydrogenated TPS results from an unsaturated TPS copolymer which comprises stirene/isoprene/stirene (SIS) blocks and can comprise, for example, butadiene blocks.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the stirene content of the TPS elastomer is between 5 and 50%. Below the minimum indicated, there is a risk of the thermoplastic nature of the elastomer being substantially reduced whereas, above the recommended maximum, the elasticity of the composition may be affected. For these reasons, the stirene content is more preferably between 10 and 40%.
The number-average molecular weight (denoted Mn) of the TPS elastomer is preferably between 50 000 and 500 000 g/mol, more preferably between 75 000 and 450 000. This weight is determined in a known way, by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC). The sample is dissolved beforehand in tetrahydrofuran at a concentration of approximately 1 g/l; the solution is then filtered through a filter with a porosity of 0.45 μm before injection. The equipment used is a “Waters Alliance” chromatographic line. The elution solvent is tetrahydrofuran, the flow rate is 0.7 ml/min, the temperature of the system is 35° C. and the analytical time is 90 min. A set of four Waters columns in series, with the “Styragel” trade names (“HMW7”, “HMW6E” and two “HT6E”), is used. The injected volume of the solution of the polymer sample is 100 μl. The detector is a “Waters 2410” differential refractometer and its associated software for making use of the chromatographic data is the “Waters Millennium” system. The calculated average molar masses are relative to a calibration curve produced with polystirene standards.
The rubber composition preferably comprises more than 15 phr of hydrogenated TPS elastomer, preferably between 16 and 50 phr, for example from 18 to 40 phr, of such an elastomer. Below the minima indicated, there is a risk of the technical effect obtained being insufficient; above the maxima indicated, there is a risk of the grip being detrimentally affected.
Hydrogenated TPS elastomers resulting from unsaturated TPSs, such as those mentioned above, are well known and are commercially available, for example are sold by Kuraray under the “Hybrar” name of the 7000 series.
II.3—Reinforcing Filler
Use may be made of any type of reinforcing filler known for its capabilities of reinforcing a rubber composition which can be used for the manufacture of tires, for example an organic filler, such as carbon black, a reinforcing inorganic filler, such as silica, or a mixture of these two types of filler, in particular a mixture of carbon black and silica.
All carbon blacks, in particular “tire-grade” blacks, are suitable as carbon blacks. Mention will more particularly be made, among the latter, of the reinforcing carbon blacks of the 100, 200 or 300 series (ASTM grades), such as, for example, the N115, N134, N234, N326, N330, N339, N347 or N375 blacks, or also, depending on the applications targeted, the blacks of higher series (for example, N660, N683 or N772). The carbon blacks might, for example, be already incorporated in an isoprene elastomer in the form of a masterbatch (see, for example, Applications WO 97/36724 or WO 99/16600).
Mention may be made, as examples of organic fillers other than carbon blacks, of the functionalized polyvinylaromatic organic fillers as described in Applications WO-A-2006/069792, WO-A-2006/069793, WO-A-2008/003434 and WO-A-2008/003435.
The term “reinforcing inorganic filler” should be understood, in the present patent application, by definition, as meaning any inorganic or mineral filler (whatever its colour and its origin, natural or synthetic), also known as “white filler”, “clear filler” or even “non-black filler”, in contrast to carbon black, capable of reinforcing by itself alone, without means other than an intermediate coupling agent, a rubber composition intended for the manufacture of tires, in other words capable of replacing, in its reinforcing role, a conventional tire-grade carbon black; such a filler is generally characterized, in a known way, by the presence of hydroxyl (—OH) groups at its surface.
The physical state under which the reinforcing inorganic filler is provided is not important, whether it is in the form of a powder, of microbeads, of granules, of beads or any other appropriate densified form. Of course, the term reinforcing inorganic filler is also understood to mean mixtures of different reinforcing inorganic fillers, in particular of highly dispersible siliceous and/or aluminous fillers as described below.
Mineral fillers of the siliceous type, in particular silica (SiO2), or of the aluminous type, in particular alumina (Al2O3), are suitable in particular as reinforcing inorganic fillers. The silica used can be any reinforcing silica known to a person skilled in the art, in particular any precipitated or pyrogenic silica exhibiting a BET surface and a CTAB specific surface both of less than 450 m2/g, preferably from 30 to 400 m2/g. Mention will be made, as highly dispersible (“HDS”) precipitated silicas, for example, of the Ultrasil 7000 and Ultrasil 7005 silicas from Degussa, the Zeosil 1165 MP, 1135 MP and 1115 MP silicas from Rhodia, the Hi-Sil EZ150G silica from PPG, the Zeopol 8715, 8745 and 8755 silicas from Huber or the silicas with a high specific surface as described in Application WO 03/16837.
The reinforcing inorganic filler used, in particular if it is silica, preferably has a BET specific surface of between 45 and 400 m2/g, more preferably of between 60 and 300 m2/g.
Preferably, the content of total reinforcing filler (carbon black and/or reinforcing inorganic filler, such as silica) is between 20 and 200 phr, more preferably between 30 and 150 phr, the optimum being in a known way different depending on the specific applications targeted: the level of reinforcement expected with regard to a bicycle tire, for example, is, of course, less than that required with regard to a tire capable of running at high speed in a sustained manner, for example a motorcycle tire, a tire for a passenger vehicle or a tire for a utility vehicle, such as a heavy-duty vehicle.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, use is made of a reinforcing filler comprising between 30 and 150 phr, more preferably between 50 and 120 phr, of inorganic filler, particularly silica, and optionally carbon black; the carbon black, when it is present, is preferably used at a content of less than 20 phr, more preferably of less than 10 phr (for example, between 0.1 and 10 phr).
In order to couple the reinforcing inorganic filler to the diene elastomer, use is made, in a known way, of an at least bifunctional coupling agent (or bonding agent) intended to provide a satisfactory connection, of chemical and/or physical nature, between the inorganic filler (surface of its particles) and the diene elastomer, in particular bifunctional organosilanes or polyorganosiloxanes. Use is made in particular of silane polysulphides, referred to as “symmetrical” or “unsymmetrical” depending on their specific structure, as described, for example, in Applications WO 03/002648 (or US 2005/016651) and WO 03/002649 (or US 2005/016650).
“Symmetrical” silane polysulphides corresponding to the following general formula (I):
Z-A-Sx-A-Z,
in which:
In the case of a mixture of alkoxysilane polysulphides corresponding to the above formula (I), in particular the usual mixtures available commercially, the mean value of the “x” index is a fractional number preferably of between 2 and 5, more preferably in the vicinity of 4. However, the invention can also advantageously be carried out, for example, with alkoxysilane disulphides (x=2).
Mention will more particularly be made, as examples of silane polysulphides, of bis((C1-C4)alkoxyl(C1-C4)alkylsilyl(C1-C4)alkyl)polysulphides (in particular disulphides, trisulphides or tetrasulphides), such as, for example, bis(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) or bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)polysulphides. Use is in particular made, among these compounds, of bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulphide, abbreviated to TESPT, of formula [(C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3S2]2, or bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl)disulphide, abbreviated to TESPD, of formula [(C2H5O)3Si(CH2)3S]2. Mention will also be made, as preferred examples, of bis(mono(C1-C4)alkoxyldi(C1-C4)alkylsilylpropyl)polysulphides (in particular disulphides, trisulphides or tetrasulphides), more particularly bis(monoethoxydimethylsilylpropyl)tetrasulphide, as described in Patent Application WO 02/083782 (or US 2004/132880).
Mention will in particular be made, as coupling agent other than alkoxysilane polysulphide, of bifunctional POSs (polyorganosiloxanes) or of hydroxysilane polysulphides (R2═OH in the above formula I), such as described in Patent Applications WO 02/30939 (or U.S. Pat. No. 6,774,255) and WO 02/31041 (or US 2004/051210), or of silanes or POSs carrying azodicarbonyl functional groups, such as described, for example, in Patent Applications WO 2006/125532, WO 2006/125533 and WO 2006/125534.
In the rubber compositions in accordance with the invention, the content of coupling agent is preferably between 4 and 12 phr, more preferably between 4 and 8 phr.
A person skilled in the art will understand that a reinforcing filler of another nature, in particular organic nature, might be used as filler equivalent to the reinforcing inorganic filler described in the present section, provided that this reinforcing filler is covered with an inorganic layer, such as silica, or else comprises, at its surface, functional sites, in particular hydroxyls, requiring the use of a coupling agent in order to form the connection between the filler and the elastomer.
II.4—Various Additives
The rubber compositions of the treads of the tires in accordance with the invention also comprise all or a portion of the usual additives generally used in elastomer compositions intended for the manufacture of treads, such as, for example, pigments, protection agents, such as antiozone waxes, chemical antiozonants, antioxidants, plasticizing agents other than those mentioned above, antifatigue agents, reinforcing resins, methylene acceptors (for example, phenolic novolac resin) or methylene donors (for example, HMT or H3M), a crosslinking system based either on sulphur or on sulphur donors and/or on peroxide and/or on bismaleimides, vulcanization accelerators or vulcanization activators.
These compositions can also comprise, in addition to coupling agents, coupling activators, agents for covering the inorganic fillers or more generally processing aids capable, in a known way, by virtue of an improvement in the dispersion of the filler in the rubber matrix and of a lowering in the viscosity of the compositions, of improving their processing property in the raw state, these agents being, for example, hydrolysable silanes, such as alkylalkoxysilanes, polyols, polyethers, primary, secondary or tertiary amines, or hydroxylated or hydrolysable polyorganosiloxanes.
According to a preferred embodiment, the composition according to the invention additionally comprises a plasticizing agent. Preferably, this plasticizing agent is a solid hydrocarbon resin, a liquid plasticizer or a mixture of the two.
The content of plasticizing agent is preferably between 5 and 50 phr, more preferably between 10 and 40 phr, for example between 15 and 35 phr.
According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, this plasticizing agent is a hydrocarbon resin, the Tg of which is greater than 0° C., preferably greater than +20° C.
In a way known to a person skilled in the art, the designation “resin” is reserved, in the present patent application, by definition, for a thermoplastic compound which is a solid at ambient temperature (23° C.), in contrast to a liquid plasticizing compound, such as an oil.
Preferably, the thermoplastic hydrocarbon plasticizing resin exhibits at least any one of the following characteristics:
More preferably, this hydrocarbon plasticizing resin exhibits all of the preferred characteristics above.
The macrostructure (Mw, Mn and PI) of the hydrocarbon resin is determined by steric exclusion chromatography (SEC): solvent tetrahydrofuran; temperature 35° C.; concentration 1 g/l; flow rate 1 ml/min; solution filtered through a filter with a porosity of 0.45 μm before injection; Moore calibration with polystirene standards; set of 3 “Waters” columns in series (“Styragel” HR4E, HR1 and HR0.5); detection by differential refractometer (“Waters 2410”) and its associated operating software (“Waters Empower”).
The hydrocarbon resins can be aliphatic or aromatic or of the aliphatic/aromatic type, that is to say based on aliphatic and/or aromatic monomers. They can be natural or synthetic, based or not based on oil (if such is the case, also known under the name of petroleum resins). Stirene, α-methylstirene, ortho-, meta- or para-methylstirene, vinyltoluene, para-(tert-butyl)stirene, methoxystirenes, chlorostirenes, vinylmesitylene, divinylbenzene, vinylnaphthalene and any vinylaromatic monomer resulting from a C9 fraction (or more generally from a C8 to C10 fraction), for example, are suitable as aromatic monomers. Preferably, the vinylaromatic monomer is stirene or a vinylaromatic monomer resulting from a C9 fraction (or more generally from a C8 á C10 fraction). Preferably, the vinylaromatic monomer is the minor monomer, expressed as molar fraction, in the copolymer under consideration.
According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the plasticizing hydrocarbon resin is chosen from the group consisting of cyclopentadiene (abbreviated to CPD) or dicyclopentadiene (abbreviated to DCPD) homopolymer or copolymer resins, terpene homopolymer or copolymer resins, terpene/phenol homopolymer or copolymer resins, C5 fraction homopolymer or copolymer resins, C9 fraction homopolymer or copolymer resins, α-methylstirene homopolymer or copolymer resins, and the mixtures of these resins, which can be used alone or in combination with a liquid plasticizer, for example an MES or TDAE oil.
The term “terpene” combines here, in a known way, the α-pinene, β-pinene and limonene monomers; use is preferably made of a limonene monomer, which compound exists, in a known way, in the form of three possible isomers: L-limonene (laevorotatory enantiomer), D-limonene (dextrorotatory enantiomer) or else dipentene, the racemate of the dextrorotatory and laevorotatory enantiomers. Mention will in particular be made, among the above plasticizing hydrocarbon resins, of α-pinene, β-pinene or dipentene homo- or copolymer resins or polylimonene resins.
The preferred resins above are well known to a person skilled in the art and are commercially available, for example sold, as regards the:
Mention may also be made, as examples of other preferred resins, of phenol-modified α-methylstirene resins. It should be remembered that, in order to characterize these phenol-modified resins, use is made, in a known way, of a number referred to as “hydroxyl number” (measured according to Standard ISO 4326 and expressed in mg KOH/g). α-Methylstirene resins, in particular those modified with phenol, are well known to a person skilled in the art and are available commercially, for example sold by Arizona Chemical Company under the names “Sylvares SA 100” (Mn=660 g/mol; PI=1.5; Tg=53° C.); “Sylvares SA 120” (Mn=1030 g/mol; PI=1.9; Tg=64° C.); “Sylvares 540” (Mn=620 g/mol; PI=1.3; Tg=36° C.; hydroxyl number=56 mg KOH/g); and “Sylvares 600” (Mn=850 g/mol; PI=1.4; Tg=50° C.; hydroxyl number=31 mg KOH/g).
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the plasticizer is a plasticizer which is liquid at 20° C., referred to as a “low Tg” plasticizer, that is to say which, by definition, exhibits a Tg of less than −20° C., preferably of less than −40° C.
Any extending oil, whether it is aromatic or nonaromatic in nature, any liquid plasticizing agent known for its plasticizing properties with regard to diene elastomers, can be used. Suitable in particular are the liquid plasticizers chosen from the group consisting of naphthenic oils, in particular hydrogenated naphthenic oils, paraffinic oils, MES oils, TDAE oils, ester or ether plasticizers, phosphate and sulphonate plasticizers, and the mixtures of these compounds.
Use may be made in particular, among ester plasticizers, of the compounds chosen from the group consisting of the phosphates, trimellitates, pyromellitates, phthalates, 1,2-cyclohexane-dicarboxylates, adipates, azelates, sebacates, glycerol triesters and the mixtures of these compounds.
II.5—Preparation of the Rubber Compositions
The compositions used in the treads of the tires of the invention can be manufactured in appropriate mixers using two successive preparation phases well known to a person skilled in the art: a first phase of thermomechanical working or kneading (“non-productive” phase) at high temperature, up to a maximum temperature of between 110° C. and 190° C., preferably between 130° C. and 180° C., followed by a second phase of mechanical working (“productive” phase), up to a lower temperature, typically of less than 110° C., for example between 40° C. and 100° C., finishing phase during which the crosslinking system is incorporated.
The process for preparing such compositions comprises, for example, the following stages:
By way of example, the non-productive phase is carried out in a single thermomechanical stage during which, in a first step, all the necessary base constituents (the diene elastomer, more than 10 phr of hydrogenated TPS elastomer, the reinforcing filler) are introduced into an appropriate mixer, such as a normal internal mixer, followed, in a second step, for example after kneading for one to two minutes, by the other additives, optional additional covering agents for the filler or processing aids, with the exception of the crosslinking system. The total duration of the kneading, in this non-productive phase, is preferably between 1 and 15 min.
After cooling the mixture thus obtained, the crosslinking system is then incorporated in an external mixer, such as an open mill, maintained at low temperature (for example between 40° C. and 100° C.). The combined mixture is then mixed (productive phase) for a few minutes, for example between 2 and 15 min.
The crosslinking system proper is preferably based on sulphur and on a primary vulcanization accelerator, in particular on an accelerator of the sulphonamide type. Additional to this vulcanization system are various known vulcanization activators or secondary vulcanization accelerators, such as zinc oxide, stearic acid, guanidine derivatives (in particular diphenylguanidine), and the like, incorporated during the first non-productive phase and/or during the productive phase. The sulphur content is preferably between 0.5 and 3.0 phr and the content of the primary accelerator is preferably between 0.5 and 5.0 phr.
Use may be made, as (primary or secondary) accelerator, of any compound capable of acting as accelerator for the vulcanization of diene elastomers in the presence of sulphur, in particular accelerators of the thiazole type and their derivatives or accelerators of thiuram or zinc dithiocarbamate type. These accelerators are more preferably chosen from the group consisting of 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulphide (abbreviated to “MBTS”), N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulphenamide (abbreviated to “CBS”), N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole-sulphenamide (abbreviated to “DCBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolesulphenamide (abbreviated to “TBBS”), N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazolesulphenimide (abbreviated to “TBSI”), zinc dibenzyldithiocarbamate (abbreviated to “ZBEC”) and the mixtures of these compounds. Preferably, a primary accelerator of the sulphonamide type is used.
The final composition thus obtained can subsequently be calendered, for example in the form of a sheet or of a plaque, in particular for characterization in the laboratory, or else extruded, for example to form a rubber profiled element used in the manufacture of a tread.
The invention relates to the tires described above both in the raw state (that is to say, before curing) and in the cured state (that is to say, after crosslinking or vulcanization).
III.1—Preparation of the Compositions
The procedure for the tests which follow is as follows: the diene elastomer, the hydrogenated TPS elastomer, the reinforcing filler (silica and/or carbon black) and the various other ingredients, with the exception of the vulcanization system, are successively introduced into an internal mixer (final degree of filling: approximately 70% by volume), the starting vessel temperature of which is approximately 60° C. Thermomechanical working is then carried out (non-productive phase) in one stage, which lasts in total approximately from 3 to 4 min, until a maximum “dropping” temperature of 165° C. is reached.
The mixture thus obtained is recovered and cooled, and then sulphur and an accelerator of sulphenamide type are incorporated on a mixer (homofinisher) at 30° C., everything being mixed (productive phase) for an appropriate time (for example between 5 and 12 min).
The compositions thus obtained are subsequently calendered, either in the form of plaques (thickness of 2 to 3 mm) or of thin sheets of rubber, for the measurement of their physical or mechanical properties, or extruded in the form of a tread.
The tests which follow demonstrate the improvement, that is to say the decrease in the rolling resistance of treads of the tires according to the invention, in comparison with a control tread, without damaging the grip.
For this, two rubber compositions for a tread were prepared as indicated above, one in accordance with the invention (denoted hereinafter C.2) and one not in accordance with the invention (control composition, denoted hereinafter C.1).
Their formulations (in phr or parts by weight per hundred parts of total elastomer, thus including the hydrogenated TPS elastomer) are presented in the appended Table 1.
Composition C.1 is a reference composition for a person skilled in the art, based on SBR and BR, which is conventionally used to manufacture Green Tire treads for passenger vehicles.
Composition C.2 is based on SBR and BR and on a hydrogenated TPS elastomer. This composition C.2 thus differs from the control composition C.1 only in the replacement of phr of SBR by 20 phr of hydrogenated TPS elastomer.
Compositions C.1 and C.2 both comprise a plasticizing agent comprising a mixture of a hydrocarbon resin (polylimonene resin) and of a liquid plasticizer (MES oil).
The properties of the compositions, before and after curing (vulcanization), have been summarized in the appended Table 2.
It is noted first of all that composition C.2 exhibits a Mooney viscosity value which is substantially lower than that of the control composition C.1, which testifies to an improvement in the processability of the compositions in the raw state.
Moreover, it is noted that compositions C.1 and C.2 exhibit, after curing, equivalent properties of stiffness (Shore A hardness) and of modulus at 10% strain and at 100% strain.
Finally, it is noted that composition C.2 of the tire according to the invention exhibits:
To sum up, the combined use of a diene elastomer, such as a stirene/butadiene copolymer or a polybutadiene, and of a hydrogenated TPS elastomer at the recommended content makes it possible, on the one hand, to reduce the viscosity of the compositions in the raw state, thus promoting their processability, and, on the other hand, to reduce the rolling resistance of these compositions used as treads for tires, without damaging the wet grip.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0958098 | Nov 2009 | FR | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2010/067468 | 11/15/2010 | WO | 00 | 8/14/2012 |
