Patent Application
20190070906
The present invention relates generally to a tire that has teardrop sipes and tread that has areas of different rigidity. More particularly, the present application involves a tire with tread that has more rigid materials where teardrop sipes are located, and less rigid materials where teardrop sipes are not located, or if they are located are of a smaller size, in order to achieve improvements in tire wear and in tire wet adherence.
Tires normally include tread that has a series of sipes that can function to improve traction in certain road conditions. The sipes are thin slits cut into the tread and may be configured in a variety of manners, such as straight, zigzagging, undulating, or angled, into the tire elements. The sipe depths may also vary or be consistent along their lengths, and may extend into the tread all the way to the end of life tread depth. The sipes may close within the tire “footprint” on the road and can increase the flexibility of the tread block into which the sipes are located. The presence of sipes can improve stopping distance, breakaway traction, and rolling traction on glare ice. Additionally sipes have been found to improve traction for tires in snow, mud, and other types of ice.
It is known to provide sipes with a teardrop shape that tends to increase snow and wet traction of the tire when the tire is near the end of its life. The teardrop feature in the sipe is an increase in the cross-sectional size of the sipe at an area of the sipe closer to the center of the tire in the radial direction. This increase in cross-sectional size causes the sipe to have a larger void radially closer to the tire center than portions of the sipe radially farther from the tire center. When the tire tread wears down, the larger void portion will open up and be exposed to the road surface and will improve traction and water removal when the tire is nearing the end of its life.
Although the inclusion of teardrop sipes helps improve tire performance in certain areas, such as end-of-life wet traction, they tend to increase rolling resistance. It is known to make tire tread of multiple types of materials, and the inclusion of softer tread materials into which the teardrop sipes are located can be used to further improve wet traction. However, the softer materials can also degrade the integrity of the tire sculpture under wear. The addition of teardrop sipes into the shoulder area of the tire tread causes compressive losses to be more dominant, and with the addition of softer materials into the shoulder area of the tread rolling resistance and wear are increased.
Because there is a reduction of tire performance in certain areas upon the inclusion of teardrop sipes and softer materials in tread, refinement of teardrop sipe and material rigidity may function to minimize or eliminate these negative qualities. As such, there remains room for variation and improvement within the art.
A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, which makes reference to the appended Figs. in which:
Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent the same or analogous features or elements of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, and not meant as a limitation of the invention. For example, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield still a third embodiment. It is intended that the present invention include these and other modifications and variations.
It is to be understood that the ranges mentioned herein include all ranges located within the prescribed range. As such, all ranges mentioned herein include all sub-ranges included in the mentioned ranges. For instance, a range from 100-200 also includes ranges from 110-150, 170-190, and 153-162. Further, all limits mentioned herein include all other limits included in the mentioned limits. For instance, a limit of up to 7 also includes a limit of up to 5, up to 3, and up to 4.5.
The present invention provides for a tire 10 that has tread 12 of varying areas of rigidity that are formed by the inclusion of different materials that have different degrees of rigidity. Teardrop sipes 38 are included in the tread areas of higher rigidity, and are avoided in the areas of less rigidity to prevent increased compressive losses due to the presence of teardrop sipes 38 in softer tread materials. The areas of higher rigidity may be in the outboard shoulder area 40 and the inboard shoulder area 42 of the tread 12, while the areas of lesser rigidity are found in the center area 44 of the tread 12. The tire 10 may enjoy the benefit of increased traction from the use of teardrop sipes 38 with the additional benefit of improved sculpture robustness due to the teardrop sipes 38 being located within areas of higher rigidity. New and worn wet adherence may be achieved from the areas that include softer tread 12 materials, and the absence of teardrop sipes 38 in these areas may function to increase wear resistance in these areas. The tread 12 may be arranged so that more rigid tread materials are located around the teardrop sipes 38, while softer tread materials are found in other parts of the tread 12 where teardrop sipes 38 are not present. In some arrangements, there may be teardrop sipes 38 present in the softer tread materials, but in these instances there will always be a larger teardrop sipe 38 present in the more rigid tread materials.
With reference to
The tread 12 includes a series of circumferential grooves 46, 48, 50 and 52 that extend 360 degrees around the central axis 24 in the circumferential direction 22. The first circumferential groove 46 separates the outboard shoulder area 40 from a first rib 54 in the axial direction 18. The second circumferential groove 48 separates the inboard shoulder area 42 from a third rib 58 of the tread 12 in the axial direction 18. The third circumferential groove 50 separates the first rib 54 and the second rib 56 in the axial direction 18. The fourth circumferential groove 52 separates the second rib 56 and the third rib 58 from one another in the axial direction 18. The various ribs 54, 56 and 58 and circumferential grooves 46, 48, 50 and 52 of the tread 12 all extend 360 degrees around the central axis 24 in the circumferential direction 22.
The tread 12 includes sipes 26 in the ribs 54, 56 and 58, and teardrop sipes 38 in the outboard and inboard shoulder areas 40 and 42. The sipes 26 and teardrop sipes 38 are shown running in a zig-zag fashion generally in the axial direction 18. The sipes 26 and teardrop sipes 38 can be variously arranged in that they may extend at an angle to the axial direction 18 so as to have some component of extension in the axial direction 18 and some component of extension in the circumferential direction 22. The shapes, sizes, and orientations of the sipes 26 and teardrop sipes 38 can be variously arranged in accordance with different exemplary embodiments.
The tire 10 has a pair of beads each having a bead core 76, 78 located therein that are closer to the central axis 24 in the radial direction 20 than the tread 12. Sidewalls 72 and 74 are located farther from the central axis 24 than the bead cores 76, 78 and extend to an under tread 66. One or more metal belts 68, which may in various instances be steel belts, are located under the under tread 66 and are closer to the central axis 24 in the radial direction 20 than certain portions of the under tread 66. The tread 12 has an outboard shoulder area 40 located on top of the under tread 66 so as to be farther from the central axis 24 than the under tread 66 in the radial direction 20. The outboard shoulder area 40 extends in the axial direction 18 to the first circumferential groove 46. In other arrangements, the outboard shoulder area 40 can be the portion of the tread 12 that is at the outboard shoulder of the tire 10 which is the portion of the tire 10 between the outboard sidewall 72 and the portion of the tread 12 that is generally flat upon contact with the road surface. In other arrangements, the outboard shoulder area 40 may be some percentage of the overall axial length of the tread 12 in the axial direction 18 such as from 1-5%, from 5%-10%, from 10%-15%, from 15%-20%, from 20%-25%, or up to 40%. A boundary line 80 is noted in
An inboard shoulder area 42 is located on the side of the tread 12 opposite to the outboard shoulder area 40 in the axial direction 18. The inboard shoulder area 42 is the part of the tread 12 that is most inboard when the tire 10 is placed onto the vehicle. The inboard shoulder area 42 is located on top of the under tread 66 and extends in the axial direction 18 to the second circumferential groove 48. The boundary line 82 denotes the boundary between the inboard shoulder area 42 and the center area 44, and this boundary line 82 is illustrated as well in the other cross-sectional figures. The inboard shoulder area 42 could be the portion of the tread 12 that is at the inboard shoulder of the tire 10 which is the portion of the tire 10 between the inboard sidewall 74 and the portion of the tread 12 that is generally flat upon contact with the road surface. In other arrangements, the inboard shoulder area 42 may be some percentage of the overall axial length of the tread 12 in the axial direction 18 such as from 1-5%, from 5%-10%, from 10%-15%, from 15%-20%, from 20%-25%, or up to 40%.
The tread 12 has a center area 44 that is located between the outboard shoulder area 40 and the inboard shoulder 42 in the axial direction 18. The boundary lines 80 and 82 are used to denote the separation between the center area 44 and the outboard and inboard shoulder areas 40, 42. The center area 44 includes a third circumferential groove 50 that is defined between a first rib 54 and a second rib 56. The center area 44 can include any number of circumferential grooves, ribs, and other features in accordance with other exemplary embodiments. The center area 44 is likewise located above the under tread 66 so as to be farther from the central axis 24 in the radial direction 20 of the tire 10.
The tread 12 includes a first material 32 into which the teardrop sipes 38 are located. The first material 32 of the tread 12 is located at the outboard shoulder area 40 and at the inboard shoulder area 42 and forms a road contact portion of the tread 12. The teardrop sipes 38 are located at both the inboard and outboard shoulder areas 40 and 42 and are defined completely by the first material 32. The first material 32 may be relatively rigid so as to have a high modulus value. Placement of the teardrop sipes 38 into the first material 32 may increase the robustness of the tread 12 sculpture due to the rigidity of the first material 32. The shoulder areas 40 and 42 may receive the benefits of the teardrop sipes 38 such as improved wet traction, and may also avoid compressive losses due to the use of teardrop sipes 38 with soft material since the first material 32 is a rigid material. Teardrop sipes 38 may be considered to be most effective for wet traction when used in the outboard and inboard shoulder areas 40, 42, but it is to be understood that the teardrop sipes 38 may be found in other portions of the tread 12 in addition to or alternatively to the outboard and inboard shoulder areas 40 and 42. In certain exemplary embodiments, the teardrop sipes 38 are only located in the outboard and inboard shoulder areas 40, 42 and are not located in the center area 44.
The tread 12 includes a second material 34 and a third material 36 that are located at the center area 44. The second material 34 and third material 36 are softer than the first material 32 in that modulus values of the second and third materials 34 and 36 are less than the modulus value of the first material 32. The second material 34 can be more rigid than the third material 36 in that the modulus value of the second material 34 is greater than the modulus value of the third material 36. In the
The second material 34 may have a modulus value that is from 50%-88% of the modulus value of the first material 32. In other exemplary embodiments, the second material 34 may have a modulus value that is from 50%-63%, from 50%-75%, from 63%-75%, from 63%-88%, from 75%-88%, from 60%-70%, from 60%-80%, from 70%-75%, from 70%-80%, or from 80%-88% of the first material 32 in accordance with different exemplary embodiments.
The third material 36 may have a modulus value that is from 38%-75% of the modulus value of the first material 32. In other exemplary embodiments, the third material 36 may have a modulus of value that is from 38%-50%, from 38%-63%, from 50%-63%, from 50%-75%, from 63%-75%, from 40%-50%, from 45%-55%, from 50%-60%, from 55%-65%, from 60%-70%, from 65%-75%, or from 70%-75% of the first material 32 in accordance with different exemplary embodiments.
The modulus, sometimes referred to as the complex shear modulus, may be denoted by the designation G*. The modulus G* of the particular material may be measured with the material at 60 degrees centigrade and may be expressed in units of mega pascals (MPa). The dynamic property G* may be measured on a Metravib Model VA400 ViscoAnalyzer Test System in accordance with ASTM D5992-96. The response of a sample of vulcanized material (double shear geometry with each of two 10 mm diameter cylindrical samples being 2 mm thick) can be recorded as it was being subjected to an alternating single sinusoidal shearing stress of a constant 0.7 MPa and at a frequency of 10 Hz over a temperature sweep from −60° C. to 100° C. with the temperature increasing at a rate of 1.5° C./min. The shear modulus G* at 60° C. may be captured. As used herein, unless otherwise noted, the shear modulus G* at 60° C. is determined in accordance with ASTM 5992-96 and expressed in MPa. As used herein, the term “modulus” or “modulus G*” may also be referred to as or known as the complex shear modulus G* at 60° C., or as the shear modulus G* at 60° C., or as G* complex shear modulus at 60° C.
As an example, assume the first material 32 has a modulus G* of 1.6 MPa, and that the second material 34 has a modulus G* that is from 50%-88% of the modulus of the first material 32. In this example, the second material 34 would have a modulus G* from 0.8 MPa to 1.4 MPa. A modulus G* of 0.8 MPa would be 50% of the 1.6 MPa modulus of the first material 32. The modulus G* of 1.4 MPa would be 87.5% or 88% of the modulus G* of 1.6 MPa of the first material 32. Also in this example, assume the modulus G* of the third material 36 is from 38%-75% of the modulus G* of the first material 32. The modulus G* of the third material 36 would be on the low end 0.6 MPa which is 37.5% or 38% of that of the first material 32, and on the high end would be 1.2 MPa which is 75% of that of the first material 32. In these examples, the ratio/percentage of the second material 34 is calculated by dividing the second material 48 modulus value by that of the first material 32 modulus value. In the case where the second material 34 modulus value is 1.4, the ratio is calculated as 1.4/1.6=0.875=87.5% or 88% as rounded up and as within and accounting for the plus or minus 0.5% error range in the tread 12. The ratio of the third material 36 can be arrived at in a similar manner. For example, if the modulus of the third material 36 is 0.6 MPa then the ratio would be 0.6/1.6=0.375=37.5% or 38% as rounded up and as within and accounting for the plus or minus 0.5% error range in the tread 12. Again, the error of the ratios expressed herein is plus or minus 0.5% so that a calculated number of 37.5% would include all percentages from 37% to 38% and any of the percentages from that range could be used to express the 37.5% calculated ratio.
Typical values for G* complex shear modulus at 60° C. for the first material 32 are 1.6, 1.4 and 1.2. Typical values for G* complex shear modulus at 60° C. for the second material 34 are 1.4, 1.2, 1.0, and 0.8. Typical values for G* complex shear modulus at 60° C. for the third material 36 are 1.2, 1.0, 0.8, and 0.6.
The various materials 32, 34 and 36 may be each made up of their own subset of materials. For instance, the first material 32 may include styrene-butadiene rubber, carbon black, processing oil, antioxidant, stearic acid, zinc oxidant, an accelerator, and sulfur. The second material 34 may include natural rubber instead of or in addition to styrene-butadiene rubber and may include different materials from the ones listed for the first material 32. The third material 36 may have materials different from those of the first material 32 and the second material 34 to render the third material 36 a yet different material than the first and second materials 32, 34. It is also to be understood that the various materials 32, 34 and 36 could all in fact include the same subset of materials, but this subset could be provided in different amounts between the materials to render them different. For instance, the first material 32 may be made up of styrene-butadiene rubber, carbon black, processing oil, antioxidant, stearic acid, zinc oxidant, an accelerator, and sulfur. The second material 34 may include the same subset of materials just listed for the first material 32, but may have more processing oil present in order to render the second material 34 a material different than the first material 32, and to render the second material 34 softer and more flexible and thus with a lesser modulus so as to fall within the desired listed range. The third material 36 may also include the same subset of materials listed for the first material 32, but may have an even greater amount of processing oil present than the second material 34 in order to make the third material 36 softer and more flexible than the first material 32 and the second material 34, and to cause the third material 36 to have a lower modulus than the first and second materials 32 and 34 so as to fall within the desired listed range.
The robustness of the tread 12 sculpture may be increased because more rigid tread 12 material 32 is used around the teardrop sipes 38 in the shoulders 40 and 42. New and worn adherence may be improved because softer tread 12 materials 34 and 36 are present in the center area 44 of the tread 12. The present design may also improve wear due to more uniform tread block rigidity throughout the tread 12. Also, rolling resistance degradation due to the utilization of softer tread 12 materials may be minimized.
The tire 10 can be arranged in a variety of alternative manners as will be discussed and as illustrated in the figures.
The first material 32 is present along the entire axial length of the tread 12 in the axial direction 18. In this regard, the first material 32 is present in the outboard shoulder area 40, the inboard shoulder area 42, and the center area 44. A portion of the first material 32 is arranged as a layer 60 that extends from the outboard shoulder area 40 to the inboard shoulder area 42. The first material 32 is thus present in the outboard shoulder area 40, the inboard shoulder area 42, and the center area 44 of the tread 12. The layer 60 is contiguous with the under tread 66 and is located farther from the central axis 24 of the tire 12 in the radial direction 20 than the under tread 66 along its length. In the center area 44, the third and fourth circumferential grooves 50 and 52 do not extend into the layer 60 as illustrated, but it is to be understood that these grooves 50 and 52 could in fact extend into the layer 60 in other arrangements. No teardrop sipes 38 are present in the first material 32 in the center area 44. However, in other arrangements there may be teardrop sipes 38 within the first material 32 in the center area 44 in addition to, or alternatively to, teardrop sipes 38 being present in the first material 32 located within the outboard shoulder area 40 and the inboard shoulder area 42. The first material 32 thus covers the entire tread 12, and could be applied in a thin layer in the center area 44 while subsequently the second material 34 could be applied over the first material 32, and then after that the third material 36 could in turn be applied over the second material 34.
A fourth material 62 is also present in the tread 12 and can have a modulus value that is the same as or different than the other materials 32, 34 and 36 in other portions of the tread 12. The fourth material 62 can be located so as to make up the exterior portions of the tread 12, and as shown may at least partially define the teardrop sipes 38. The fourth material 62 is located in the outboard shoulder area 40 and in the inboard shoulder area 42 but is not found in the center area 44, although it may be in other arrangements. A fifth material 64 is also present in the tread 12 and is located at the outboard shoulder area 40 and the inboard shoulder area 42. The fifth material 64 may have the same modulus value or may have a different modulus value than the other materials 32, 34 and 36 in the tread 12. The fifth material 64 defines a portion of the first circumferential groove 46 and a portion of the second circumferential groove 48, but does not define any of the teardrop sipes 38. The fifth material 64 engages the first material 32 and the under tread 66. A sixth material 70 is present in the center area 44 and engages the under tread 66 and partially defines the circumferential grooves 42, 48 and 50. The sixth material 70 also engages the third material 36 and is the portion of the ribs 54 and 56 that is closest to the central axis 24 in the radial direction 20 of the tire 10. The sixth material may have a modulus that is the same as that of the other materials 32, 34 and 36 or may have a modulus that is different than these materials. The first material 32 may be the most rigid material in the tread 12, or may be less rigid than some of the materials 62, 64 and/or 70, but still has a higher modulus than the second and third materials 34, 36. Numerous material combinations exist and any number of materials may be present so long as at least two materials are present in which the rigidity is different.
Another arrangement of the tire 10 is illustrated with reference to
There are teardrop sipes 38 also located in the second material 34 and the third material 36, in addition to those teardrop sipes 38 located in the first material 32. In other arrangements, there may be teardrop sipes 38 in the second material 34 but not the third material 36. The largest teardrop sipe 38 present in the tire 10 may be in the first material 32. This means that either there are no teardrop sipes 38 present in areas of the tire 10 other than the first material 32, or if they are present in other areas of the tire 10 besides the first material 32 they are not larger than the teardrop sipes 38 that are located in the first material 32. The size of the teardrop sipes 38 is the cross-sectional width of the teardrop void 30. With reference to
It may be the case that there are teardrop sipes 38 with a larger cross-sectional width 88 in the second and/or third materials 34, 36 than a teardrop sipe 38 in the first material 32 with a cross-sectional width 86. However, the number of these teardrop sipes 38 will be small compared to the rest of the teardrop sipes 38 in the second and/or third materials 34, 36. No more than five percent of these teardrop sipes 38 in the second and/or third materials 34, 36 will have cross-sectional width 86 that is greater than or equal to the cross-sectional width 88 of the largest teardrop sipe 38 in the first material 32. In other arrangements, no more than two percent of the teardrop sipes 38 in the second and/or third materials 34, 36 will have a larger or equal cross-sectional width 86 compared to the cross-sectional width 88 of the largest teardrop sipe 38 in the first material 32. In yet other arrangements, none of the teardrop sipes 38 in the second and/or third materials 34, 36 have a larger cross-sectional width 88 than the cross-sectional width 86 of the largest sipe 38 in the first material 32. In still other embodiments, no teardrop sipes 38 are located in the second and/or third materials 34, 36, but teardrop sipes 38 are present in the first material 32. The aforementioned percentages are calculated with respect to the teardrop sipes 38 present in the second and/or third materials 34, 36 and do not include those teardrop sipes 38 in the first material 32 or other portions of the tire 10.
The teardrop sipes 38 illustrated herein in the drawings are oriented in such a manner in the tire 10 so as to be longitudinal teardrop sipes 38. In this regard, the teardrop sipes 38 extend in the circumferential direction 22 and do not have an extension in the axial direction 18. However, it is to be understood that the teardrop sipes 38 and the sipes 26 could be lateral in orientation instead of being longitudinal in various embodiments and that there is no limitation on their orientation and that those primarily illustrated in the drawings are simply for sake of convenience. With reference to
The various cross-sectional views of the tire 10 shown in
While the present invention has been described in connection with certain preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the subject matter encompassed by way of the present invention is not to be limited to those specific embodiments. On the contrary, it is intended for the subject matter of the invention to include all alternatives, modifications and equivalents as can be included within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2015/058210 | Oct 2015 | US | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2016/057471 | 10/18/2016 | WO | 00 |
