Patent Grant
7390773
The present invention relates to a composition and process to clean tire wheels.
Tire wheels are mounted on tires of automobiles and hence a variety of grime can be deposited on the tire wheels in an amount increased with time. The condition of wheels has a major effect on the over all appearance of a car. However, in the course of driving wheels come across a variety of environmental conditions. They are constantly subjected to an array of aggressive contaminants including brake dust, salt, and traffic film.
In addition to heated particles from brake pads, discs, and brake lining, which bombard coated or uncoated wheel surfaces, there are also particles from air and dirt/soil from roads that easily adhere to the rough build up, which also incorporates a range of salts and acids. Composition of soil may vary with location and driving conditions. However, harm is always more pronounced in the presence of moisture, which reacts with soil, and break dust and coatings become destroyed followed by damage of the wheels.
In general, dirt found on wheels is from organic and inorganic origin. Organic dirt includes mineral oil, vegetable oil, animal fat and fine particles of carbon black and graphite, while dust, traffic dirt and metal particulates from break dust are considered inorganic. The composition of brake pads may vary by type of resin used as well as on the metal ratio. Thus due to the variability of road soil and brake dust, the material to be cleaned from each vehicle wheel varies every time it is cleaned.
In accordance with one embodiment of the invention, there is provided an aqueous tire wheel cleaner composition comprising:
In another embodiment of the invention, a method of cleaning a tire wheel using the aqueous tire wheel cleaner composition is provided.
A variety of metal cleaners are used to clean metal parts. For example, solvent-based metal cleaners that are in use contain either halogenated or non-halogenated hydrocarbons. The use of such solvent-based cleaners has raised environmental and/or consumer safety concerns. On the other hand, non-halogenated hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, ketones and alcohols are generally flammable, highly volatile and are not appropriate for use. The other cleaners usually consist of strong acids such as phosphoric, hydrochloric, sulfuric, oxalic, acetic, hydroxyacetic, hydrofluoric, and citric acids, as well as blends of the various acids such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,556,833 and 5,733,377. Though these products are effective in removing road soils from wheels they have disadvantage in being highly corrosive to wheels, paints and plastics and tend to strip paint and chrome and discolor aluminum and chrome.
There are also wheel cleaner based on alkaline hard surface cleaners such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,457,322. These consist mainly of detergents, water-soluble organic solvents such as glycol ether, and alkaline materials such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and/or any of the alkaline silicates and phosphates. The disadvantage of these products is that they are not very effective at cleaning wheel soils, and can damage painted and aluminum surfaces. Also, if they are allowed to dry on the surface, they have the tendency of leaving insoluble residues. U.S. Pat. No. 5,929,004 describes a method using a color changing indicator to indicate timing for removing the tire wheel cleaner.
Thus, many of the current aqueous cleaning systems have drawbacks since they contain sodium hydroxide, acids or organic solvents, which are exceedingly alkaline (pH of 10-14) or acidic (pH of 0.5 to 6.0) and are highly corrosive to metal surfaces, highly toxic and can be dangerous to handle.
It has been difficult to obtain an aqueous cleaner, which has a moderate i.e., neutral pH of about 6.5 to about 9.5, and which is effective in removing grease, oil, and break dust contaminants from metal substrates, e.g., automotive wheels, and which would not be corrosive to the metal substrates, especially aluminum.
In general, wheels are part of the vehicle that requires regular washing and cleaning to preserve the best condition and new look. There are various materials used to manufacture wheels: aluminum, chrome, stainless steel, painted steel, painted aluminum, mirror polished aluminum, clear coated aluminum, alloys, various protective coatings, and plastic. Some of these materials, particularly aluminum, are very sensitive to current highly alkaline or highly acidic products found on the market.
There is a need for a wheel cleaner that can clean the wheels without detrimental effect on its metallurgy, i.e., pitting, etching, or hazing the surface of the wheel. The present exemplary embodiments, among other things, address and overcome one or more of the above deficiencies associated with conventional wheel cleanser and provide an improved wheel cleaner.
The aqueous tire wheel cleaner composition contains water in an amount of from about 30 weight percent, preferably from about 40 weight percent, more preferably from about 50 weight percent, up to about 85 weight percent, preferably up to about 82 weight percent, more preferably up to about 80 weight percent, based on the aqueous tire wheel composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the alkylene glycol may be any alkylene glycol that is soluble in water. Preferred alkylene glycol may be for example, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol. Preferably, the alkylene glycol is present in an amount of from about 4 weight percent, preferably from about 5 weight percent, to about 25 weight percent, preferably to about 15 weight percent, based on the aqueous tire wheel composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the salt of dialkyl sufosuccinate is preferably sodium salt of dialkyl sufosuccinate. In another preferred embodiment the alkyl group of the dialkyl sufosuccinate comprises a C5 to C18 group, preferably C6 to C16 group, more preferably C6 to C12 group. Preferably, the salt of dialkyl sufosuccinate is present in an amount of from about 1 weight percent, preferably from about 2 weight percent, to about 10 weight percent, preferably to about 7 weight percent, based on the aqueous tire wheel composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the surfactant is an alkaline stable surfactant. Preferred surfactant contains (i) alcohol amine, and (ii) an ethoxylate phosphate ester. In another preferred embodiment, surfactant contains (i) ethanol amine, (ii) an ethoxylate phosphate ester and (iii) an ethoxylate sulfate ester. The surfactant is preferably present in an amount of from about 5 weight percent, more preferably from about 10, to about 35 weight percent, more preferably to about 8 weight percent, based on the aqueous tire wheel composition.
Alcohol amine is preferably present in an amount of from about 5 weight percent, preferably from about 7 weight percent, to about 25 weight percent, more preferably to about 10 weight percent, based on the aqueous tire wheel composition. Preferred alcohol may be any alcohol having 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Preferred alcohol may be, for example, triethanol amine, diethanol amine, ethanol amine, or mixtures thereof.
Ethoxylate phosphate ester and/or ethoxylate sulfate ester is preferably present in an ethanol amine to ethoxylate phosphate ester and/or ethoxylate sulfate ester weight ratio of from about 170:1, more preferably from about 80:1, to about 3:2, more preferably to about 2:1. The preferred ethoxylate phosphate ester and/or ethoxylate sulfate ester have a number average molecular weight in the range of about 200 to about 1000, more preferably about 200 to about 500. The ethoxylate moiety of the ethoxylate phosphate ester and/or ethoxylate sulfate ester can be mono-, di- or tri-ethoxylate or mixtures thereof. The ethoxylate sulfate ester when present, is present in an amount of ethoxylate phosphate ester to ethoxylate sulfate ester weight ratio of from about 1:100, more preferably from about 1:30, to about 1:1, more preferably to about 1:10.
Other surfactant or emulsifiers such as a quaternary fatty alkyl alkoxylate, alcohol ethoxylates, and alkoxylated quaternary amine can be present in the aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition. Such other surfactant or emulsifiers can be present in an amount of 0, more preferably from about 2 weight percent, up to about 10 weight percent, more preferably up to about 9 weight percent, of the aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition. Other surfactant (or emulsifiers) include, for example, ethoxylated branched and linear C10-C12 alcohols, tall oil acid, tallow alcohol ethoxylate, and other surfactants such as amphoteric surfactants such as, for example, cocoamidopropyl betaine; cocoamidopropyl hydroxy sultaine; anionic surfactants such as, for example, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate, sodium lauryl ether sulphate; and nonionic surfactants such as, for example, nonylphenol ethoxylate, sorbital esters, sorbitan monooleate. In a more preferred embodiment another surfactant such as an alcohol ethoxylate and/or ethoxylated quaternary amine, more preferably ethoxylated quaternary amine having an alkyl group of C12-C18 carbon atom, is preferably present in an amount about 2 weight percent to about 10 weight percent based on the aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition.
The aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition may also contain other components such as coupling agents, protective polymer coatings. In one preferred embodiment, coupling agent is present in the aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition in an amount of from 0 weight percent, preferably 1 weight percent, more preferably from 2 weight percent, to about 10 weight percent, more preferably 5 weight percent, based on the aqueous tire wheel composition. In a preferred embodiment, coupling agent may be a salt of an aryl sulfonate. Preferred salt of an aryl sulfonate may be, for example, xylene sulfonate salt, toluene sulfonate salt or cumene sulfonate salt.
The aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition can be made by blending or mixing the components (a)-(d) and any additional components in any order to provide the aqueous tire wheel cleaner. The blending or mixing is preferably conducted in any manner known to provide substantially uniform concentration of the components.
The method of cleaning the wheel may be by spraying on the aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition and wiping off or rinsing off the aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition with water and wiping to shine. The present exemplary embodiments are effective as, spray on, wipe off cleaner, which may effectively remove most of traffic/automotive soil contaminants from automobile tire wheel substrates such as alloy, aluminum, anodized, steel, paint and plastic trimmed wheels, preferably without harm to the various metallurgies/materials used in wheel production. By cleaning regularly, wheels will retain their original finish and resist the damage, which can be caused by brake dust. The aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition is a neutral alkaline aqueous cleaning composition, which has a pH from 6.5 to 9.5. Thus, a tire wheel with dirt on the tire wheel can be cleaned by applying the aqueous tire wheel cleaner composition to the tire wheel, removing at least a portion of the dirt on the tire wheel along with the aqueous tire wheel cleaner composition applied to the tire wheel.
A substrate may be cleaned with the aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition by contacting the substrate with the aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition for a period of time sufficient to remove substantial portion of the contaminants from the substrate. The aqueous tire wheel cleaning composition may be applied in a sprayable liquid state onto the tire wheels. It wets the grime adhered to the surface of the tire wheels and allows it to come off from the tire wheels. Upon this the cleaning composition with grime is wiped off or removed away by water.
The following examples illustrate the compositions and method of the present invention. The examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The ingredients and amounts of each ingredient used in the compositions are shown in Table 1 below.
Flexiclean CWR is a surfactant blend containing approximately 10% by weight of alcohol ethoxylate and have at 1% dilution pH of 9.5 manufactured by Innovative Chemical Technologies, Inc.
Chemax DOSS/70PG is 80% Na dioctyl sulfosuccinate in propylene gloycol manufactured by Rutgers Organics.
Surmax™ Surfactant CS515 is an alkaline stable surfactant blend containing triethanol amine and an ethoxylate sulfate ester and ethoxylate phosphate ester (approximately 60 weight percent, approximately 10-20 weight percent and approximately 1-5 weight percent, respectively, in an alkoxyalkanol ethoxylate solution) manufactured by Rutgers Organics.
Surmax™ Surfactant CS586 is an alkaline stable surfactant blend containing triethanol amine, an ethoxylate phosphate ester (approximately 60 weight percent, and approximately 1-5 weight percent, respectively, in an alkoxyalkanol ethyoxylate solution) manufactured by Rutgers Organics.
SXS40 is sodium xylene sulfonate.
Videt Q3 is an ethoxylated quaternary amine based surfactant containing approximately 60-95 weight percent of ethoxylated quaternary amines and approximately 40-5 weight percent alcohol ethoxylates with pH of 6-9 manufactured by Vitech International Inc.
Flexisperse CW-28 is a temporary protective polymer liquid emulsion with pH of 7 manufactured by Innovative Chemical Technologies, Inc.
Chemax TO-16 is an ethoxylated tall oil fatty acid polyoxyethylene(16) surfactant manufactured by Rutgers Organics.
Surfactol 365 is an ethoxylated castor oil manufactured by Rutherford Chemicals LLC.
All examples were blended by mixing in water the components listed in Table 1 at room temperature.
Test Data A
Visual evaluation was noted on several occasions during the application and use of the aqueous tire cleaning composition listed in Table 1. The results of the visual evaluation is provided in Table 2: when sprayed, after rinsing, after wiping and rated as Fair (20% or less cleaned off), Good (more than 20% to less than 50% cleaned off), Very Good (50% or more to 80% cleaned off), and Excellent (more than 80% cleaned off) based on the amount of dirt taken off the panels. Commercially available Tire Wheel cleaning materials were also tested:
The effectiveness of wheel cleaner was evaluated
From this evaluation it can be seen that the neutral formulation of the invention has better or equivalent cleaning ability than the comparatives.
Test Data B
The effectiveness of wheel cleaner of not corroding aluminum or not causing aluminum to spot was evaluated by immersing aluminum strips into Example 3, 8 and comparative example CP2. Strips were immersed in corresponding solutions for one hour. An example is shown here regarding cleaning the break dust deposit. The results are shown in Table 3. Only the comparative example CP2 shows increase in weight after immersion.
Test Data C
Visual evaluation was noted and rated as: spot-free, some spotting, white streaks, white surface. All Examples 1-11 claimed in this invention are rated spot-free. Comparative example CP2 exhibited white streaks after 5-minute immersion and whole surface turned white after a 12-hour immersion. Comparative example CP1 exhibited white streaks after one-hour immersion.
Test Data D
Table 4. shows difference in weights of aluminum strips before and after immersion in corresponding tire wheel cleaning compositions. Strip immersed in comparative example CP2 has increase in weight indicating formation of aluminum hydroxide.
Test Data E
ROAD GRIME: Dirt mixture was applied onto aluminum metal panels. Road grime consisted of two parts: part I—1 g of each test dust (ultra fine, fine, medium, and coarse) dispersed into 24 g of water; part II—1 g of carbon black and 1 g break dust (from 1999 Dodge Grand Caravan 3.3.L) dispersed in 35 g of each oil (motor oil 10W30 and heavy duty motor oil 15W40). These two grimes were mixed together and then applied in amount of ˜1 g onto each panel (3×6 inch). Panels were left to dry at room temperature for 72 hours. They were cleaned by applying 20 sprays of each composition listed in Table 5, rinsed with water and wiped dried. For each composition, three panels are used. Panels are subjected to the appropriate test e.g., dirtying and then cleaning. Gloss readings at 20 degrees angle of illumination are taken before dirtying the system and after cleaning and results are shown in Table 5. Measurements are based on ASTM D 523 standard test method for specular gloss.
Data shows that the there is difference in gloss readings between Example 10, CP2 and water (less negative numbers indicate shinier surface). The composition of the invention improves gloss and shine more than CP2 and/or water. Thus, the composition of the invention improves the appearance of metal surface by cleaning and making it shinier.
These panels were exposed to outside weathering and environmental conditions such as dust, temperature 29.4-32.2° C. (85-90° F.), humidity (70-90%) and gloss readings were taken after 5, 10 and 20 days at 20 degrees angle of illumination. Results are shown in Table 6 (higher numbers indicate shinier surface).
It can be seen from the table 6 that surfaces cleaned with the composition of the invention will remain shiner than comparative example and/or surfaces cleaned with water.
The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/731,692, filed Oct. 31, 2005 the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
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