Patent Application
20200198410
The invention relates to pneumatic tires and to tread wear indicators for such tires. More particularly, the invention is directed to a tire with a visual tread wear indicator that is economical to form and is easy for a user to read and understand.
In the pneumatic tire art, it is known that, as the tread of the tire wears away, the ability to maintain traction may diminish on wet or snow-covered roads. Accordingly, once the tread is worn beyond a certain tread depth, the tire should be replaced to maintain adequate traction.
In order to inform a vehicle user when a tire may need to be replaced due to tread wear, prior art tread wear indicators were developed. For example, some tread wear indicators involved providing features molded into locations on the tire tread that undesirably interfered with the flow of water and materials, or undesirably affected tread performance. In addition, many such prior art indicators have been difficult for a user to see. An additional disadvantage of certain prior art indicators has been a configuration that wore away before the user saw or understood the wear indication.
Still other indicators were developed that involved electronic sensors which measure tire wear and provided an alert or signal to the user as to the wear state of the tire. While such sensors have been suitable for their intended purpose, they unnecessarily add to the cost and complexity of the tire.
As a result, there is a need in the art for a tire with a tread wear indicator that is easy for a user to see, does not interfere with tire performance, and is economical to form and use.
According to an aspect of an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a tire includes a tread wear indicator. The tire includes a pair of sidewalls extending to a tread, and the tread includes a plurality of tread elements and a plurality of angular circumferential grooves, in which the grooves are comprised of circumferential groove segments. The tread wear indicator includes a first cutout formed in a wall of a first selected tread element, in which the first cutout faces a selected one of the circumferential groove segments. A second cutout is formed in a wall of a second selected tread element. The second cutout faces the selected circumferential groove segment and is opposite the first cutout. An indicator is formed in and extends across the selected circumferential groove segment and the first and second cutouts. The indicator includes a plurality of step elements descending from a radially outward surface of the tread toward the bottom of the selected circumferential groove segment. Each step element includes an axially-extending surface that is approximately parallel to and radially inward of the radially outward surface of the tread, and a radially-extending surface that extends approximately perpendicular to the axially-extending surface. The axially-extending surface of each step element is formed with indicia, which are all visible to a user of the tire from a radially outward direction before wear of the tire commences.
The following definitions are applicable to the present invention.
“Axial” and “axially” mean lines or directions that are parallel to the axis of rotation of the tire.
“Circumferential” means lines or directions extending along the perimeter of the surface of the annular tread perpendicular to the axial direction.
“Equatorial plane” means the plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire and passing through the center of the tire tread.
“Footprint” means the contact patch or area of contact created by the tire tread with a flat surface as the tire rotates or rolls.
“Groove” means an elongated void area in a tread that may extend in a circumferential, lateral or angled manner about the tread in a straight, curved, or zigzag configuration.
“Inboard side” means the side of the tire nearest the vehicle when the tire is mounted on a wheel and the wheel is mounted on the vehicle.
“Inner” means toward the inside of the tire.
“Lateral” and “laterally” are used to indicate axial directions across the tread of the tire.
“Outboard side” means the side of the tire farthest away from the vehicle when the tire is mounted on a wheel and the wheel is mounted on the vehicle.
“Outer” means toward the outside of the tire.
“Radial” and “radially” are used to mean directions radially toward or away from the axis of rotation of the tire.
“Rib” means a circumferentially extending strip of rubber on the tread which is defined by at least one circumferential groove and either a second such groove or a lateral edge, the strip being laterally undivided by full-depth grooves.
“Tread” means a molded rubber component which includes that portion of the tire that comes into contact with the road when the tire is normally inflated and under normal load. The tread has a depth conventionally measured from the tread outer surface to the bottom of the deepest groove of the tire.
“Tread element” or “traction element” means a rib or a block element defined by a shape having adjacent grooves.
The invention will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.
Turning to
As shown in
An exemplary embodiment of the tread wear indicator of the present invention is indicated generally at 50. The tread wear indicator is disposed in the selected circumferential groove segment 28A and extends into the first cutout 38 and the second cutout 42. It is to be understood that the tread wear indicator 50 may be formed in any one of the circumferential groove segments 28 and corresponding tread elements 22 formed with cutouts 38 and 42. In addition, the tire 10 may include more than one tread wear indicator 50.
With reference to
With additional reference to
For example, a first step element 52 includes an axially-extending surface 52A that is approximately parallel to and radially inward of the outward tread surface 34. Preferably, the axially-extending surface 52A is formed with a square or rectangular shape. A radially-extending surface 52B extends from the axially-extending surface 52A in an approximately perpendicular manner.
A second step element 54 includes an axially-extending surface 54A that is parallel to and radially inward of the axially-extending surface 52A of the first step element 52. Preferably, the axially-extending surface 54A is formed with a square or rectangular shape. A radially-extending surface 54B extends from the axially-extending surface 54A in an approximately perpendicular manner.
A third step element 56 includes an axially-extending surface 56A that is parallel to and radially inward of the axially-extending surface 54A of the second step element 54. Preferably, the axially-extending surface 56A is formed with a square or rectangular shape. A radially-extending surface 56B extends from the axially-extending surface 56A in an approximately perpendicular manner.
A fourth step element 58 includes an axially-extending surface 58A that is parallel to and radially inward of the axially-extending surface 56A of the third step element 56. Preferably, the axially-extending surface 58A is formed with a square or rectangular shape. A radially-extending surface 58B extends from the axially-extending surface 58A to the bottom 36 of the selected circumferential groove segment 28A in an approximately perpendicular manner.
The height of each one of the step elements 52, 54, 56 and 58 is based upon the number of steps and the minimum desired indicator height employed for a particular configuration of the tread wear indicator 50. For example, the axially-extending surface 58A of the bottom step element 58 preferably is at a minimum desired indicator height. This height may correspond to a recommended minimum tread depth and is based upon particular design considerations for the tire 10.
The axially-extending surface 58A of the bottom step element 58 may thus be considered to be zero percent of the recommended tread height, while the new, unworn surface 34 of the tread 20 may be considered to be 100 percent of the recommended tread height. Each step element 52, 54, 56 and 58 thus is at a set height which corresponds to a specific percentage of the recommended tread height. For example, the axially-extending surface 52A of the first step element 52 may be at a height that corresponds to 75 percent of the difference between the height of the axially-extending surface 58A of the fourth step element 58A and the unworn tread surface 34. The axially-extending surface 58A of the first step element 58 may thus indicate a level or height at which 75 percent of the recommended tread height remains.
The axially-extending surface 54A of the second step element 54 may be at a height that corresponds to 50 percent of the difference between the height of the axially-extending surface 58A of the fourth step element 58 and the unworn tread surface 54. The axially-extending surface 54A of the second step element 54 may thus indicate a level or height at which 50 percent of the recommended tread height remains.
The axially-extending surface 56A of the third step element 56 may be at a height that corresponds to 25 percent of the difference between the height of the axially-extending surface 58A of the fourth step element 58 and the unworn tread surface 34. The axially-extending surface 56A of the third step element 56 may thus indicate a level or height at which 25 percent of the recommended tread height remains.
As described above, the axially-extending surface 58A of the fourth step element 58 may indicate a height at which 0 percent of the recommended tread height remains and tire replacement should occur.
Each step element 52, 54, 56 and 58 preferably is formed with indicia 60 for easy identification by a user. For example, the axially-extending surface 52A of the first step element 52 preferably is formed with a first number 60A, which is easily seen by a user. The axially-extending surface 54A of the second step element 54 preferably is formed with a second number 60B. The axially-extending surface 56A of the third step element 56 preferably is formed with a third number 60C. The axially-extending surface 58A of the fourth step element 58 preferably is formed with a fourth number 60D.
The indicia 60 are formed with a distance across the width W of the tread wear indicator 50, which is designated in
By being formed in the selected circumferential groove segment 28A, the tread wear indicator 50 is easy for a user to see. Also, the tread wear indicator 50 follows the contour of the selected circumferential groove segment 28A and does not interfere with the performance of the tread 20. Moreover, the tread wear indicator 50 is economical to form.
For example, the tread wear indicator 50 preferably is formed in the tire 10 when the tire is cured. As is known in the art, the tire 10 is cured in a mold (not shown). During curing, the tread 20 is formed. To form the tread wear indicator 50, a die insert is formed with the above-described features of the tread wear indicator. The die insert is disposed in a corresponding opening formed in the tire curing mold, and when the tread 20 is formed on the tire 10 during curing, the tread wear indicator 50 is also formed. The die insert may be 3D printed, cast or fabricated, and may be formed of any suitable mold material, including steel, aluminum and alloys thereof.
The present invention also includes a method of forming a tread wear indicator 50 in a tire 10 and a method of using a tread wear indicator in a tire. Each method includes steps in accordance with the description that is presented above and shown in
It is to be understood that the structure of the above-described tread wear indicator 50 may be altered or rearranged, or components or steps known to those skilled in the art omitted or added, without affecting the overall concept or operation of the invention. For example, arrangements or configurations for the step elements 52, 54, 56 and 58 or indicia 60 other than those described above may be employed without affecting the overall concept or operation of the invention. In addition, the tread wear indicator 50 may be formed in any one of the circumferential groove segments 28 and the tread elements 22, and the tire 10 may include more than one tread wear indicator disposed in different locations and/or alignments.
The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. Potential modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this description. It is to be understood that all such modifications and alterations are included in the scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims, or the equivalents thereof.
